Building fire smoke simulation model
By designing a building fire smoke simulation model that is easy to disassemble and carry, including the building body with superimposed installation and simulated smoke prevention and exhaust facilities, the existing building model's simulation effect is solved, and a more realistic fire smoke spread simulation and convenient user experience is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422204131.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-09
AI Technical Summary
The existing building model lacks smoke prevention and exhaust facilities, and the effect of simulating the direction of fire smoke spreading is not ideal, and it is not portable.
A building fire smoke simulation model was designed. The model includes multiple building bodies with superimposed settings, which simulates smoke prevention and exhaust facilities and evacuation channels. Through different smoke-emitting areas and smoke exhaust channels, the simulation effect of the smoke spreading direction is improved, and it is easy to disassemble and install and carry.
It improves the simulation effect of the direction of fire smoke spreading, allowing the audience to intuitively understand the direction of fire smoke and the characteristics of "chimney effect", helps to master the correct escape method, and is easy to carry and use.
Smart Images
Figure CN222980090U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fire escape training equipment, and particularly relates to a simulation model of building fire smoke. Background Art
[0002] When a fire breaks out in a building, high-temperature toxic and harmful smoke such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide generated by the combustion of combustibles not only causes trapped people to be poisoned and asphyxiated in a short time and lose their mobility awareness, but also blocks the line of sight and seriously affects evacuation and escape, which is the main cause of casualties. Therefore, it is crucial to make the audience realize the harmfulness of fire smoke, understand the process of smoke spread, know the important role of building fire doors and smoke control and exhaust facilities, and master the correct escape methods.
[0003] Smoke control and exhaust facilities are usually installed inside buildings. The function of smoke control and exhaust facilities is to timely remove the smoke, prevent and delay the spread of smoke, so as to ensure that the evacuation passage is not invaded by smoke and ensure the smooth evacuation and safe shelter of the people inside the building; at the same time, the smoke control and exhaust facilities can also timely discharge the smoke and heat at the fire scene to weaken the spread of the fire and create favorable conditions for fire fighting. Due to the different environmental conditions of the building and the characteristics of the building itself, the selection and combination of smoke control and exhaust facilities are also different. At present, in civil building buildings, smoke control and exhaust facilities are usually installed in rooms, stairwells, lobbies and evacuation passages.
[0004] At present, a building model is usually used to simulate the spread direction of fire smoke during a fire, so that the audience can intuitively understand the direction of fire smoke and master the correct escape method, reducing the casualties caused by smoke hazards during a fire. However, the existing building models lack smoke control and exhaust facilities, and the effect of simulating the spread direction of fire smoke is not ideal, affecting the demonstration effect and not enabling the audience to well understand the direction of smoke during a fire; moreover, most of the existing building models are of an integral structure, and due to the high height of the building model, there is a problem of inconvenient carrying. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to solve the problems of the unsatisfactory effect of simulating the spread direction of fire smoke and inconvenient carrying of the existing building models, the utility model provides a simulation model of building fire smoke, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, thus facilitating carrying; at the same time, the effect of simulating the spread direction of fire smoke is improved, and through different smoke generation parts, the audience can intuitively understand the process of fire smoke spread and the characteristics of the "chimney effect".
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is: a simulation model of building fire smoke, including a plurality of building bodies stacked in sequence from bottom to top. Each building body includes a floor slab, side walls and an outer wall. The side walls are arranged at both ends of the floor slab, and the side walls are hinged to the floor slab. The outer walls are arranged on both sides of the floor slab. A plurality of building bodies are stacked on top of each other to form a building model.
[0007] A partition board and a partition wall are vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab. An evacuation staircase is arranged outside the partition board, and a fire door is hinged on the partition board; a room partition wall is arranged between the partition wall and the outer wall, and an evacuation door is hinged on the partition wall. The internal space of the building body is constructed into rooms by the partition board, the partition wall and the room partition wall. The partition board separates the internal rooms of the building body from the evacuation staircase. The evacuation staircase serves as an evacuation passage, and the fire door plays a role in blocking fire smoke.
[0008] An L-shaped partition board is also vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab. The space surrounded by the L-shaped partition board, the partition board and the partition wall forms a smoke exhaust passage. Smoke exhaust holes are opened in the upper part of the L-shaped partition board, and smoke exhaust openings are opened at positions corresponding to the smoke exhaust passage on the floor slab. When a fire occurs, the smoke exhaust passage plays a role in exhausting smoke. When a fire occurs inside the building body, the fire smoke can be discharged through the smoke exhaust holes via the smoke exhaust passage, playing a role in demonstrating the trend of fire smoke.
[0009] Furthermore, grooves are opened at both ends of the side wall, and convex blocks matching the grooves are arranged on the inner sides of both ends of the outer wall. The convex blocks are clamped in the grooves.
[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting grooves one are also opened at both ends of the side wall, and magnets one are embedded in the mounting grooves one; a plurality of mounting grooves two are also opened on the inner sides of both ends of the outer wall, and magnets two are embedded in the mounting grooves two. Under the action of the magnets one and the magnets two, the side wall and the outer wall are mutually attached to construct the building body.
[0011] Furthermore, a clamping seat one and a clamping seat two are fixedly arranged on the top of the floor slab. The number of both the clamping seat one and the clamping seat two is two. The clamping seat one and the clamping seat two each include two clamping blocks. The partition board and the room partition wall are respectively clamped on the two clamping seat ones, and the partition wall is clamped on the clamping seat two. The clamping seat one is used for installing the partition board and the room partition wall, playing a role in limiting the partition board and the room partition wall. The clamping seat two plays a role in limiting the partition wall, and at the same time facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the partition wall, the partition board and the room partition wall.
[0012] Furthermore, an L-shaped card seat is also provided on the top of the floor slab. The L-shaped card seat includes two L-shaped card blocks, and the L-shaped partition is clamped on the L-shaped card seat. The L-shaped partition includes two L-shaped plates hinged to each other. The L-shaped card seat plays a role in limiting and fixing the L-shaped partition, and at the same time facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the L-shaped partition. The L-shaped partition can be folded, so as to facilitate the carrying of the building model.
[0013] Furthermore, a top plate is provided on the top of the building body at the topmost layer. Installation grooves three are opened at both ends of the top plate, and magnets three are embedded in the installation grooves three. Magnets one are also provided on the top of the side wall of the building body at the topmost layer. Under the action of the magnets three and the magnets one, the top plate is attached to the side wall of the building body, so as to achieve the effect of installing the top plate on the top of the building body at the topmost layer.
[0014] Furthermore, a smoking hole corresponding to the smoke exhaust channel is opened on the top plate of the building body at the topmost layer, and a smoke exhaust fan is provided at the top of the top plate corresponding to the smoking hole. The smoking hole facilitates the discharge of the fire smoke entering the smoke exhaust channel, and the smoke exhaust fan plays a role in exhausting smoke, which can accelerate the discharge of the fire smoke.
[0015] Furthermore, a building opening is opened on one of the outer walls of the building body at the bottommost layer.
[0016] Furthermore, limiting cross beams are fixedly provided on the upper parts of the inner sides of the side wall and the outer wall, and limiting blocks are arranged at the bottom of the floor slab. The limiting cross beams play a role in limiting the limiting blocks. When two building bodies are assembled, the phenomenon that the upper building body moves is avoided.
[0017] Through the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0018] The structure of the present utility model is reasonable, the use effect is good, the disassembly and assembly are flexible and convenient, so as to facilitate carrying; the effect of simulating the spreading direction of fire smoke is improved, so as to improve the demonstration effect for the audience. Through different smoke generating parts, the audience can intuitively understand the process of fire smoke spreading and the characteristics of the "chimney effect", so as to master the correct escape method.
[0019] The present utility model can simulate the spreading of fire smoke to the corridor through the evacuation staircase. Under the action of the "chimney effect", the phenomenon that the smoke spreads rapidly in the vertical direction. The speed of the fire smoke spreading in the staircase is fast. By simulating the phenomenon of smoke spreading in the evacuation staircase, it reminds the audience that they should not escape through the evacuation staircase where the fire spreads when a fire occurs.
[0020] The utility model can simulate the horizontal spread of fire smoke inside the floor by constructing the internal space of the building body through partitions and partition walls, and demonstrate the effect of the fire door in blocking the fire smoke from invading the stairwell by opening the fire door of the fire floor.
[0021] The utility model can simulate the spread of fire smoke inside the room through the room formed by partitions, partition walls and room partition walls, and demonstrate to the audience that if the fire is too big and people cannot escape outdoors, they can close the door to prevent the fire from spreading to the room where people are, open the window outside to call for help, and buy time for rescue.
[0022] The utility model has a smoke exhaust hole in the upper space of the smoke exhaust passage, and a smoke exhaust fan is arranged on the top plate, which simulates the smoke exhaust facilities of the building evacuation corridor, so that the audience can have an intuitive understanding of the setting position and smoke exhaust function of the building smoke exhaust facilities; the smoke exhaust hole can make the fire smoke be discharged through the smoke exhaust passage, the smoke extraction hole is convenient for the fire smoke entering the smoke exhaust passage to be discharged, and the smoke exhaust fan plays the role of exhausting smoke, so as to achieve the effect of demonstrating the direction of the fire smoke.
[0023] The utility model fixes the partition, the room partition wall, the partition wall and the L-shaped partition respectively by means of the first and second card seats and the L-shaped card seat, so as to achieve the effect of facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the building body; at the same time, the side wall can be folded, and the side wall and the outer wall are connected by the magnetic adsorption force, so as to achieve the effect of facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the building body, thereby achieving the effect of facilitating the carrying of the building model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a building fire smoke simulation model of the utility model. Figure 1 ;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a building fire smoke simulation model of the utility model. Figure 2 ;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a building fire smoke simulation model of the utility model. Figure 3 ;
[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at AA in the middle;
[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the building body of the utility model. Figure 1 ;
[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the building body of the utility model. Figure 2 ;
[0030] Figure 7It is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the building body of the present utility model;
[0031] Figure 8 It is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the topmost building body of the present utility model;
[0032] Figure 9 It is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the bottommost building body of the present utility model;
[0033] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the side wall of the present utility model;
[0034] Figure 11 is Figure 4 An enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A in
[0035] The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1 is the floor slab, 101 is the limit block, 2 is the side wall, 201 is the groove, 202 is the first installation groove, 203 is the limit cross beam, 3 is the exterior wall, 301 is the convex block, 302 is the second installation groove, 4 is the evacuation staircase, 5 is the first card seat, 6 is the second card seat, 7 is the partition board, 8 is the fire door, 9 is the partition wall, 10 is the evacuation door, 11 is the room partition wall, 12 is the top plate, 13 is the third installation groove, 14 is the building opening, 15 is the smoke exhaust opening, 16 is the L-shaped card seat, 17 is the L-shaped partition board, 18 is the smoke exhaust hole, 19 is the smoking hole, 20 is the smoke exhaust fan. Specific embodiments
[0036] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
[0037] As Figures 1 to 11 shown, a simulation model of building fire smoke includes a plurality of building bodies stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The building body includes a floor slab 1, a side wall 2 and an exterior wall 3. The side walls 2 are provided at both ends of the floor slab 1, the side wall 2 is hinged to the floor slab 1, and the exterior walls 3 are provided on both sides of the floor slab 1. In this embodiment, the number of building bodies is three, namely the lower building body, the middle building body and the upper building body. The cross-section of the floor slab 1 is in a "U" shape structure. The side wall 2 is connected to the floor slab 1 through a hinge so that the side wall 2 can be folded relative to the floor slab 1 for convenient carrying.
[0038] A partition board 7 and a partition wall 9 are vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab 1. An evacuation staircase 4 is arranged outside the partition board 7, and a fire door 8 is hinged on the partition board 7. A room partition wall 11 is arranged between the partition wall 9 and the exterior wall 3, and an evacuation door 10 is hinged on the partition wall 9. In this embodiment, the included angle between the partition board 7 and the partition wall 9 is 90°. The evacuation staircase 4 serves as an evacuation passage, and the spread of fire smoke to the corridor can be simulated. Under the action of the "chimney effect", the phenomenon of the rapid spread of smoke in the vertical direction can be demonstrated. A door opening is formed on the partition board 7, and the fire door 8 is installed at the door opening and connected to the partition board 7 through a hinge, which can simulate the horizontal spread of fire smoke inside the floor. By opening the fire door 8 on the fire floor, the function of the fire door 8 to block the intrusion of fire smoke into the evacuation staircase 4 can be demonstrated. The room partition wall 11 is located in the middle of the partition wall 9. The number of evacuation doors 10 is two, and they are respectively located on both sides of the room partition wall 11. The evacuation doors 10 are connected to the partition wall 9 through hinges. The room formed by the partition board 7, the partition wall 9 and the room partition wall 11 can simulate the spread of fire smoke inside the room.
[0039] An L-shaped partition board 17 is also vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab 1. The space surrounded by the L-shaped partition board 17, the partition board 7 and the partition wall 9 forms a smoke exhaust passage. A smoke exhaust hole 18 is formed in the upper part of the L-shaped partition board 17, and a smoke exhaust opening 15 is formed in the floor slab 1 corresponding to the position of the smoke exhaust passage. In this embodiment, when a fire occurs inside the building body, the fire smoke can be discharged through the smoke exhaust hole 18 via the smoke exhaust passage, which serves to demonstrate the trend of the fire smoke. The purpose of the smoke exhaust opening 15 is to connect the smoke exhaust passages of each floor of the building body. The floor slab 1 of the lower floor of the building body is not provided with a smoke exhaust opening 15.
[0040] Grooves 201 are formed at both ends of the side wall 2, and convex blocks 301 matching the grooves 201 are arranged on the inner sides of both ends of the exterior wall 3. The convex blocks 301 are clamped in the grooves 201. In this embodiment, the number of grooves 201 at both ends of the side wall 2 is two, and the number of convex blocks 301 on the inner sides of both ends of the exterior wall 3 is also two. After the side wall 2 and the exterior wall 3 are assembled together, the convex blocks 301 are clamped in the grooves 201.
[0041] A plurality of first installation grooves 202 are also formed at both ends of the side wall 2, and magnets 1 are embedded in the first installation grooves 202. A plurality of second installation grooves 302 are also formed on the inner sides of both ends of the exterior wall 3, and magnets 2 are embedded in the second installation grooves 302. In this embodiment, the number of magnets 1 at both ends of the side wall 2 is three, and the number of magnets 2 on the inner sides of both ends of the exterior wall 3 is also three. Through the magnetic attraction force of the magnets 1 and the magnets 2, the side wall 2 and the exterior wall 3 can be assembled together.
[0042] A first clamping seat 5 and a second clamping seat 6 are fixedly arranged on the top of the floor slab 1. The number of the first clamping seat 5 and the second clamping seat 6 is two each. The first clamping seat 5 and the second clamping seat 6 each include two clamping blocks. The partition board 7 and the room partition wall 11 are respectively clamped on the two first clamping seats 5, and the partition wall 9 is clamped on the second clamping seat 6. In this embodiment, the partition board 7 is clamped between the two clamping blocks of one of the first clamping seats 5, and the room partition wall 11 is clamped between the two clamping blocks of the other first clamping seat 5, achieving the function of installing the partition board 7 and the room partition wall 11, and at the same time facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the partition board 7 and the room partition wall 11.
[0043] An L-shaped clamping seat 16 is further arranged on the top of the floor slab 1. The L-shaped clamping seat 16 includes two L-shaped clamping blocks, and the L-shaped partition board 17 is clamped on the L-shaped clamping seat 16; the L-shaped partition board 17 includes two L-shaped plates hinged to each other. In this embodiment, the L-shaped partition board 17 is clamped between the two L-shaped clamping blocks, playing the role of installing the L-shaped partition board 17, and at the same time facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the L-shaped partition board 17. The two L-shaped plates of the L-shaped partition board 17 are hinged by a hinge, and a smoke exhaust hole 18 is opened at the upper part of one of the L-shaped plates.
[0044] A top plate 12 is arranged on the top of the building body at the topmost layer. Installation grooves three 13 are opened at both ends of the top plate 12, and magnets three are embedded in the installation grooves three 13; a magnet one is also arranged on the top of the side wall 2 of the building body at the topmost layer. In this embodiment, through the magnetic attraction force between the magnet one and the magnet three, the top plate 12 can be assembled on the top of the upper building body; the number of the magnets three at both ends of the top plate 12 is four, and the number of the magnets one on the top of the side wall 2 of the upper building body is four.
[0045] A smoking hole 19 corresponding to the smoke exhaust passage is opened on the top plate 12 of the building body at the topmost layer, and a smoke exhaust fan 20 is arranged at the position corresponding to the smoking hole 19 on the top of the top plate 12. The smoking hole 19 facilitates the discharge of the fire smoke entering the smoke exhaust passage, and the smoke exhaust fan 20 plays the role of smoke exhaust, enabling the fire smoke to be discharged more quickly, thereby playing the role of demonstrating the trend of the fire smoke.
[0046] A building opening 14 is opened on one of the outer walls 3 of the building body at the bottommost layer. In this embodiment, the building opening 14 is opened on the outer wall 3 close to the exit of the evacuation staircase 4.
[0047] Limit beam 203 is fixedly arranged on the upper inner sides of the side wall 2 and the outer wall 3, and a limit block 101 is arranged at the bottom of the floor slab 1. In this embodiment, the limit block 101 is not installed at the bottom of the floor slab 1 of the bottommost building body. When two building bodies are assembled, the limit block 101 at the bottom of the floor slab 1 of the upper building body is located inside the limit beam 303 on the lower building body. The limit beam 303 plays a role in limiting the limit block 101, preventing the upper building body from shaking and improving the stability of the overall building model.
[0048] When the utility model is in use, first assemble each building body. Unfold the side walls 2 at both ends of the floor slab 1 to make the side walls 2 in a vertical state. Then, through the magnetic attraction force between the first magnet and the second magnet, assemble the two outer walls 3 and the two side walls 2 together, wherein the convex block 301 on the outer wall 3 is clamped in the groove 201. Then, clamp the partition board 7 on the first clamping seat 5, clamp the room partition wall 11 on another first clamping seat 5. Then, place the evacuation staircase 4 outside the partition board 7, clamp the partition wall 9 on the second clamping seat 6, and then clamp the L-shaped partition board 17 on the L-shaped clamping seat 16. The L-shaped partition board 17, the partition board 7 and the partition wall 9 form a smoke exhaust channel.
[0049] After each building body is assembled separately, then assemble the building bodies. When two building bodies are assembled, the limit block 101 at the bottom of the floor slab 1 of the upper building body is located inside the limit beam 303 on the lower building body. The limit beam 303 limits the limit block 101 to prevent the upper building body from shaking. Finally, after the building model is assembled, the direction of the simulated fire smoke spread can be carried out.
[0050] The above-described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the utility model, and do not limit the scope of implementation of the utility model. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made to the technical solutions described within the scope of the utility model patent should be included within the scope of the utility model patent application.
Claims
1. A building fire smoke simulation model, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of building bodies stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the building bodies comprise a floor slab (1), a side wall (2) and an outer wall (3), the side walls (2) are arranged at both ends of the floor slab (1), the side walls (2) are hingedly connected to the floor slab (1), and the outer walls (3) are arranged on both sides of the floor slab (1); A partition (7) and a partition wall (9) are vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab (1); an evacuation staircase (4) is arranged on the outer side of the partition (7); a fire door (8) is hingedly connected to the partition (7); a room partition wall (11) is arranged between the partition wall (9) and the outer wall (3); an evacuation door (10) is hingedly connected to the partition wall (9); An L-shaped partition (17) is also vertically arranged on the top of the floor slab (1), and the space enclosed by the L-shaped partition (17), the partition (7) and the partition wall (9) constitutes a smoke exhaust passage. A smoke exhaust hole (18) is provided on the upper part of the L-shaped partition (17), and a smoke exhaust port (15) is provided on the floor slab (1) at a position corresponding to the smoke exhaust passage.
2. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the side wall (2) are provided with grooves (201), and both ends of the outer wall (3) are provided with protrusions (301) matching the grooves (201) on the inner sides, and the protrusions (301) are locked in the grooves (201).
3. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the side wall (2) are provided with a plurality of first installation grooves (202), and magnets are embedded in the first installation grooves (202); and both ends of the outer wall (3) are provided with a plurality of second installation grooves (302), and magnets are embedded in the second installation grooves (302).
4. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first card seat (5) and a second card seat (6) are fixedly arranged on the top of the floor slab (1), the number of each of the first card seat (5) and the second card seat (6) is two, each of the first card seat (5) and the second card seat (6) comprises two card blocks, the partition plate (7) and the room partition wall (11) are respectively mounted on the two first card seats (5), and the partition wall (9) is mounted on the second card seat (6).
5. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: An L-shaped card seat (16) is also provided on the top of the floor slab (1), the L-shaped card seat (16) comprising two L-shaped card blocks, and the L-shaped partition (17) is mounted on the L-shaped card seat (16); the L-shaped partition (17) comprises two L-shaped plates hinged to each other.
6. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A top plate (12) is arranged on the top of the building body located at the uppermost layer, and mounting grooves (13) are provided at both ends of the top plate (12), and magnets (13) are embedded in the mounting grooves (13); magnets (1) are also arranged on the top of the side walls (2) of the building body located at the uppermost layer.
7. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 6, characterized in that: A smoke exhaust hole (19) corresponding to a smoke exhaust passage is provided on the top plate (12) of the building body located at the uppermost layer, and a smoke exhaust fan (20) is provided at the top of the top plate (12) corresponding to the smoke exhaust hole (19).
8. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stair opening (14) is provided on one of the outer walls (3) of the building body located at the lowest level.
9. A building fire smoke simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting cross beams (203) are fixedly provided on the inner upper parts of the side walls (2) and the outer walls (3), and limiting blocks (101) are arranged on the bottom of the floor slab (1).