Spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device
By designing a spring oscillator angle frequency measurement device integrating ultrasonic, optoelectronics and microcontroller modules, the problems of low measurement accuracy and inconvenient use in the prior art are solved, and high-precision and convenient angular frequency measurement are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421936650.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-12
AI Technical Summary
During use, the existing spring oscillator angular frequency measurement device has insufficient measurement accuracy and is inconvenient to use.
A spring oscillator angular frequency measurement device including a mount and a main unit is designed. The mount hangs the spring vibrator through the base plate, column and crossbar, while the host integrates an ultrasonic module, a microcontroller module, a display module, an optoelectronic module and another microcontroller module. These modules measure and process data to obtain the angular frequency of the spring vibrator.
High-precision angular frequency measurement is achieved, and the visual interface design makes data interaction convenient and intuitive, making it more convenient to use.
Smart Images
Figure CN222993835U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of basic physics experiments, and particularly relates to a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator. Background Art
[0002] The spring oscillator is a common research object in vibration science. In universities, research institutes, and engineering training institutions, a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator can be used as teaching experimental equipment to teach students vibration theory and experimental techniques, and cultivate students' experimental operation ability and scientific research awareness. The angular frequency measurement device can be used to accurately measure the angular frequency of a vibration system in scientific research experiments, providing accurate data support for researchers. At the same time, the angular frequency measurement device also has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry, and can be used to evaluate and test the vibration characteristics of products to ensure that the quality and performance of products meet the standard requirements.
[0003] However, in the process of using the existing device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator, there are still problems such as insufficient measurement accuracy and inconvenient use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator with accurate measurement and convenient use. The specific technical solutions are as follows:
[0005] A device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator includes a mounting base and a main unit arranged on the mounting base;
[0006] The mounting base includes a bottom plate, a vertical column, and a cross bar. The cross bar is arranged above the bottom plate through the vertical column and is used for hanging the spring oscillator;
[0007] The main unit includes an ultrasonic module, a first single-chip microcomputer module, a display screen module, a photoelectric gate module, and a second single-chip microcomputer module;
[0008] Both the ultrasonic module and the display screen module are connected to the first single-chip microcomputer module. The ultrasonic module is used to measure the displacement of the spring oscillator. The first single-chip microcomputer module is used to process the displacement data measured by the ultrasonic module to obtain the first angular frequency of the spring oscillator and display it through the display screen module;
[0009] Both the photoelectric gate module and the display screen module are connected to the second single-chip microcomputer module. The photoelectric gate module is used to measure the time when the spring oscillator passes through the photoelectric gate module. The second single-chip microcomputer module is used to process the time data measured by the photoelectric gate module to obtain the second angular frequency of the spring oscillator and display it through the display screen module.
[0010] Preferably, a spring hook for hanging the spring oscillator is further arranged on the cross bar.
[0011] Preferably, the spring hook is located directly above the ultrasonic module.
[0012] Preferably, a fixing member for fixing the photogate module is provided on the column;
[0013] The numbers of the fixing member, the photogate module, and the spring oscillator are all set to match each other.
[0014] Preferably, a fixing groove for fixing the host is further provided on the bottom plate.
[0015] Preferably, the column is a cuboid column.
[0016] Preferably, one of the single-chip microcomputer modules is further connected to the touch display module for setting and displaying the signal parameters of the single-chip microcomputer module.
[0017] Preferably, one of the single-chip microcomputer modules and the other single-chip microcomputer module adopt STM32ZET6, the photogate module adopts an LM393 chip, the ultrasonic module is HC-SR04, and the display screen module adopts a 1.8-inch TFT color screen.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0019] A spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device of the present utility model includes a mounting base and a host provided on the mounting base; the mounting base includes a bottom plate, a column, and a cross bar, the cross bar is disposed above the bottom plate through the column and is used for hanging a spring oscillator; the host includes an ultrasonic module, a first single-chip microcomputer module, a display screen module, a photogate module, and a second single-chip microcomputer module; the ultrasonic module and the display screen module are both connected to the first single-chip microcomputer module, the ultrasonic module is used for measuring the displacement of the spring oscillator, the first single-chip microcomputer module is used for processing the displacement data measured by the ultrasonic module to obtain the first angular frequency of the spring oscillator, and displaying it through the display screen module; the photogate module and the display screen module are both connected to the second single-chip microcomputer module, the photogate module is used for measuring the time when the spring oscillator passes through the photogate module, the second single-chip microcomputer module is used for processing the time data measured by the photogate module to obtain the second angular frequency of the spring oscillator, and displaying it through the display screen module. By integrating the above components, the overall structure of the present utility model is simple. Two groups of angular frequencies are measured by the host, the measurement accuracy is high, and comparative analysis can be carried out. The data interaction is convenient and intuitive through the visual interface design, and it is easy to use.
[0020] Other features and advantages of the present utility model will become clear through the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings. Description of the Drawings
[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator in an embodiment;
[0022] In the figure: 1. Mounting base, 1.1 Base plate, 1.2 Column, 1.3 Cross bar, 1.4 Spring hook, 1.5 Fixing piece; 2. Main unit, 2.1 Ultrasonic module, 2.2 First single-chip microcomputer module, 2.3 Display screen module, 2.4 Photoelectric gate module, 2.5 Second single-chip microcomputer module, 2.6 Touch display module; 3. Spring oscillator. Specific implementation mode
[0023] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways defined and covered by the claims.
[0024] Embodiment:
[0025] See Figure 1 , a device for measuring the angular frequency of a spring oscillator 3, including a mounting base 1 and a main unit 2 arranged on the mounting base 1; the mounting base 1 includes a base plate 1.1, a column 1.2 and a cross bar 1.3, and the cross bar 1.3 is arranged above the base plate 1.1 through the column 1.2 and is used for hanging the spring oscillator 3; the main unit 2 includes an ultrasonic module 2.1, a first single-chip microcomputer module 2.2, a display screen module 2.3, a photoelectric gate module 2.4 and a second single-chip microcomputer module 2.5; the ultrasonic module 2.1 and the display screen module 2.3 are both connected to the first single-chip microcomputer module 2.2, the ultrasonic module 2.1 is used for measuring the displacement of the spring oscillator 3, the first single-chip microcomputer module 2.2 is used for processing the displacement data measured by the ultrasonic module 2.1 to obtain the first angular frequency of the spring oscillator 3, and displaying it through the display screen module 2.3; the photoelectric gate module 2.4 and the display screen module 2.3 are both connected to the second single-chip microcomputer module 2.5, the photoelectric gate module 2.4 is used for measuring the time when the spring oscillator 3 passes through the photoelectric gate module 2.4, the second single-chip microcomputer module 2.5 is used for processing the time data measured by the photoelectric gate module 2.4 to obtain the second angular frequency of the spring oscillator 3, and displaying it through the display screen module 2.3. When this device is used as a test device, two sets of angular frequencies can be intuitively displayed through the display screen module, which is convenient for analyzing the differences between different measurement methods and is convenient for teaching use; at the same time, by using different methods to obtain the angular frequency of the spring oscillator from the two sets of data measured by the photoelectric gate module and the ultrasonic module respectively, comparative analysis can be carried out, so as to obtain more accurate data, and the measurement accuracy and convenience are greatly improved.
[0026] A spring hook 1.4 for hanging the spring oscillator 3 is further provided on the cross bar 1.3. It is convenient to install and disassemble the spring oscillator through the spring hook, and it is not easy to fall off.
[0027] The spring hook 1.4 is located directly above the ultrasonic module 2.1. Through the above settings, the accuracy of the ultrasonic module measurement is ensured.
[0028] A fixing member 1.5 for fixing the photoelectric gate module 2.4 is provided on the column 1.2; the numbers of the fixing member 1.5, the photoelectric gate module 2.4, and the spring oscillator 3 are set to match each other. The positions of the fixing member and the photoelectric gate corresponding to the spring oscillator are set to include at least two groups, and the distance between the two groups of photoelectric gates is set as required.
[0029] A fixing groove for fixing the host 2 is further provided on the bottom plate 1.1. The column 1.2 is a cuboid column. One of the single-chip microcomputer modules 2.2 is also connected to the touch display module 2.6 for setting and displaying the signal parameters of the single-chip microcomputer module 2.2.
[0030] One of the single-chip microcomputer modules 2.2 and the second single-chip microcomputer module 2.5 use STM32ZET6, the photoelectric gate module 2.4 uses an LM393 chip, the ultrasonic module 2.1 is an HC-SR04, and the display screen module 2.3 uses a 1.8-inch TFT color screen.
[0031] In this embodiment, when the spring oscillator makes stable vertical vibrations, click the confirmation button in the touch display module, and the ultrasonic module will start to send the collected data to one of the single-chip microcomputer modules. The distance from the bottom of the spring oscillator to the ultrasonic module collected by the ultrasonic module is a set of time-series discrete data. The received data can be processed by the nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm through the processing program therein to obtain the first angular frequency of the spring oscillator, denoted by ω.
[0032] The distance d between the bottom of the spring oscillator and the ultrasonic sensor collected by this device is a set of time-series discrete data. It is represented by the set d = {d i , i = 1, 2,..., N}, where i represents the serial number of the time series point, and d i represents the data of the i-th time series point, and N represents the total number of time series points.
[0033] The following is the content of the nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm:
[0034] The purpose of this device is to measure the angular frequency ω. Since the displacement of simple harmonic vibration is a cosine function of time and is a trigonometric series, it can be expressed by Fourier series. In this embodiment, the least squares method is selected for fitting, as shown in the following formula:
[0035] d = C + (Acos(ωt) + Bsin(ωt)) (1)
[0036] A, B, C, and ω are undetermined parameters. The calculation method of the fitting function is the nonlinear regression method to solve the optimal values of the parameters. The method process is as follows:
[0037] Let f(t) = d, then the Jacobian matrix J is as follows:
[0038]
[0039] This matrix is the first-order partial derivative matrix of f(t) with respect to the parameters A, B, C, and ω, and has N rows and 4 columns of elements.
[0040] Set the initial parameter values X0 = (A0, B0, C0, ω0).
[0041] Set the error function: Given that for different times t, the distance is f(t), establish the relevant error function as follows:
[0042] V = f(t) - f(t; X0) (3)
[0043] f(t) is the function value of the actually collected time series points, and the parameters of the function are unknown. f(t; X0) is the function value at the initial parameter point.
[0044] Approximate the error function linearly: At the initial parameter point, use the Taylor expansion to approximate the nonlinear function V as a linear function, and get the following formula:
[0045]
[0046] represents the Jacobian matrix, that is, the partial derivative of f(t) at each parameter, and Δx represents the descent vector, that is, the difference between the current parameter and the actual parameter.
[0047] From the Gauss-Newton method: Let f(t) - f(t; X0) = L, and So Δx can be calculated by equation (5):
[0048] Δx = -(J T J) -1 J T L (5)
[0049] Optimize and iterate each parameter, and the calculation formula is as follows (6):
[0050] X = X0 + Δx (6)
[0051] X0 represents the initial values of each parameter, and X represents the values of each parameter after iterative optimization.
[0052] Set the number of iterations: The number of time series points obtained by this device at one time is limited. Therefore, the number of data collected each time is the number of iterations. The initial parameters are continuously optimized through multiple iterations, and the optimal parameter values of the fitting function are obtained after a certain number of iterations. Let the set of optimal parameter values be X * =(A * , B * , C * , ω * ). Among them, the parameter ω * is the angular frequency of the original simple harmonic vibration.
[0053] The photogate module 2 is used to record the time when the object passes through.
[0054] The display screen module 2 is used to display the calculated speed passing through the photogate module and the finally calculated gravitational acceleration, denoted by g.
[0055] Through the formula , the second angular frequency under the traditional measurement method can be calculated and denoted by ω'. By comparing with the standard angular frequency ω0 of the spring oscillator provided by the merchant, it is found that ω is significantly closer to ω0 than ω'.
[0056] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting seat (1) and a host (2) arranged on the mounting seat (1); The mounting seat (1) comprises a base plate (1.1), a column (1.2) and a crossbar (1.3); the crossbar (1.3) is arranged above the base plate (1.1) via the column (1.2) and is used to suspend the spring vibrator (3); The host (2) comprises an ultrasonic module (2.1), a first single-chip computer module (2.2), a display screen module (2.3), a photoelectric gate module (2.4) and a second single-chip computer module (2.5); The ultrasonic module (2.1) and the display screen module (2.3) are both connected to one of the single-chip microcomputer modules (2.2); the ultrasonic module (2.1) is used to measure the displacement of the spring oscillator (3); the one of the single-chip microcomputer modules (2.2) is used to process the displacement data measured by the ultrasonic module (2.1) to obtain the first angular frequency of the spring oscillator (3), and to display it through the display screen module (2.3); The photoelectric gate module (2.4) and the display screen module (2.3) are both connected to the second single-chip microcomputer module (2.5); the photoelectric gate module (2.4) is used to measure the time for the spring oscillator (3) to pass through the photoelectric gate module (2.4); the second single-chip microcomputer module (2.5) is used to process the time data measured by the photoelectric gate module (2.4) to obtain a second angular frequency of the spring oscillator (3), and display it through the display screen module (2.3).
2. A spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbar (1.3) is also provided with a spring hook (1.4) for suspending the spring vibrator (3).
3. A spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spring hook (1.4) is located directly above the ultrasonic module (2.1).
4. The spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upright column (1.2) is provided with a fixing piece (1.5) for fixing the photoelectric gate module (2.4); The numbers of the fixing member (1.5), the photoelectric gate module (2.4) and the spring oscillator (3) are matched with each other.
5. The spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (1.1) is also provided with a fixing groove for fixing the main unit (2).
6. The spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column (1.2) is a rectangular column.
7. The spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one single-chip microcomputer module (2.2) is also connected to the touch display module (2.6) for setting and displaying the signal parameters of the one single-chip microcomputer module (2.2).
8. The spring oscillator angular frequency measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first single-chip microcomputer module (2.2) and the second single-chip microcomputer module (2.5) adopt STM32ZET6, the photoelectric gate module (2.4) adopts an LM393 chip, the ultrasonic module (2.1) is HC-SR04, and the display screen module (2.3) adopts a 1.8-inch TFT color screen.