Underwater rock plug blasting combined plug and underwater rock plug blasting device

Abstract

The utility model provides an underwater rock plug blasting combined type plug and an underwater rock plug blasting device. The underwater rock plug blasting combined type plug comprises a bottom stoplog, a first lifting assembly and a second lifting assembly, the top stoplog and the bottom stoplog are arranged in a stacked mode, the top stoplog is located above the bottom stoplog, the top stoplog is tightly attached to the bottom stoplog, a second hoisting assembly and a drainage pipe are arranged on the top stoplog, a water inlet of the drainage pipe is located in the upper surface of the top stoplog, and a water outlet of the drainage pipe is located in the side face adjacent to the upper surface of the top stoplog. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug is formed by combining the bottom stoplog and the top stoplog, the bottom stoplog and the top stoplog can enter a tunnel through hoisting to complete plugging of a water outlet of the tunnel and can be moved out of the tunnel through hoisting, pouring and dismantling of the plug are avoided, the operation process is simplified, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is saved; and meanwhile, the damage to the gate shaft due to the removal of the plug can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blasting devices, and particularly to an underwater rock plug blasting combined plug and an underwater rock plug blasting device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of industrial and agricultural production and life, it is often necessary to divert water from water-rich areas to water-deficient areas to achieve resource allocation and water volume balance between regions, and to promote the economic development of the whole society. When the water level of the reservoir in the water supply area is relatively high and the water level in the water receiving area is relatively low, diversion tunnels, channels, etc. can be built to divert the water in the reservoir by gravity flow without using water pumps, thus saving operating costs. The bottom sill elevation of the water intake of the diversion tunnel is relatively low. When the reservoir is a newly built reservoir, the water level in the reservoir area is relatively low, and the water intake is exposed above the water surface, and construction can be carried out on dry land, and it is easy to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole at the water intake. However, in many cases, the reservoir has been storing water and operating, and the bottom sill of the newly built diversion tunnel water intake is often near the dead water level of the reservoir, dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters below the reservoir water surface. At this time, to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole, there are the following two conventional methods:

[0003] 1) Lower the reservoir water level below the bottom sill elevation of the tunnel water intake to create dry land construction conditions for the water intake. This method is stable and reliable, but it is necessary to lower the reservoir water level below the bottom sill elevation of the diversion tunnel water intake, which will affect the operation efficiency of the reservoir, with too high a cost and may even not be allowed.

[0004] 2) Build a deep-water cofferdam in the reservoir area near the water intake of the diversion tunnel, enclose the water intake, and then drain the water inside the cofferdam to create dry land construction conditions for the water intake construction. After the project is completed, the cofferdam is demolished to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole. This method will bring huge project investment and a long construction period, and is very uneconomical.

[0005] How to efficiently and economically achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole without lowering the reservoir water level and without affecting the operation of the reservoir is a difficult problem faced by engineers.

[0006] Some experts at home and abroad have proposed to use the method of underwater rock plug blasting to achieve the penetration of the existing reservoir and the newly built tunnel. Underwater rock plug blasting is an effective, convenient and economical construction method for building the water inlet of a tunnel on an existing reservoir or lake. The construction process features excavating the tunnel to the reservoir bottom and leaving a certain thickness of rock mass (i.e., the rock plug) nearby. After the tunnel is built, the reserved rock mass is blasted off at one time by using blasting to make the tunnel communicate with the reservoir. In this way, the formed water inlet has the expected shape and meets the requirements of the water inlet in hydraulics. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the impact of blasting on the surrounding rock mass and nearby buildings is reduced to an acceptable level.

[0007] Plug blasting has the characteristics of low cost, fast construction speed, and being unaffected by seasons during the construction period. Therefore, it has been increasingly applied in the construction of underwater intake projects. However, underwater plug blasting is usually carried out close to various hydraulic structures and mountain slopes, and some are even close to the river-blocking dam. Moreover, it is carried out under deep water pressure. Therefore, the safety issue is very prominent, and absolute safety of blasting must be ensured. At the same time, the plug can only be blasted through and formed at one time, requiring good shaping of the intake and stability of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the blasting must be carefully designed and constructed. Since this method involves many influencing factors and is technically complex, and there is very little relevant theoretical analysis and calculation research, this method almost still remains at the level of empirical judgment.

[0008] The main process of current plug blasting is as follows:

[0009] 1) Complete the construction of the gate well, and the tunnel is constructed to the downstream of the plug.

[0010] 2) Seal the tunnel downstream of the gate well with a concrete plug.

[0011] 3) Charge and connect the network in the plug.

[0012] 4) Fill the tunnel with water through the gate well.

[0013] 5) Implement plug blasting to achieve the connection between the reservoir and the tunnel.

[0014] 6) After blasting, conduct underwater inspection.

[0015] 7) After passing the inspection, lower the emergency gate in the gate well.

[0016] 8) Drain the water between the emergency gate and the tunnel plug by methods such as pumping.

[0017] 9) Manually remove the concrete plug in the tunnel downstream of the gate well, remove the slag through the gate well, and clean it up.

[0018] 10) Lower the working gate in the gate well.

[0019] 11) After raising the emergency gate in the gate well, the working gate can be used to control the water conveyance from the reservoir to the tunnel to achieve water diversion and regulation.

[0020] During blasting, water is usually injected into the tunnel for preloading (the water level is lower than the reservoir water level) to dissipate energy and prevent siltation. To maintain a certain water pressure in the tunnel, a concrete plug is usually used for temporary plugging in the tunnel downstream of the gate well. However, this method has two major problems: 1) Before blasting, a reinforced concrete temporary plug must be poured in the deep well tunnel. Due to the large design dynamic water pressure of the plug and the anti-seepage requirements, the engineering quantity is large, and measures such as grouting and water stop are also required for reinforcement, with many procedures. 2) After blasting, it is necessary to first drain the deep well, and then remove the plug in the deep well tunnel. Due to the narrow space in the deep well, the hard plug must be removed manually, with low removal efficiency and high risk. The pouring, removal, and drainage of the plug in the deep well tunnel will greatly increase the project investment, easily cause secondary damage to the gate well wall, and at the same time increase the construction period by several months or more, with high costs and great sacrifices. Summary of the Invention

[0021] The embodiments of the present application provide a combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting and an underwater rock plug blasting device to solve the problems existing in the related technologies. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0022] In the first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting, including:

[0023] A bottom laminated beam, on which a first lifting assembly is provided;

[0024] A top laminated beam, which is laminated with the bottom laminated beam. The top laminated beam is located above the bottom laminated beam and is in close contact with the bottom laminated beam. A second lifting assembly and a drain pipe are provided on the top laminated beam. The water inlet of the drain pipe is located on the upper surface of the top laminated beam, and the water outlet of the drain pipe is located on the side adjacent to the upper surface of the top laminated beam.

[0025] In an implementation manner, the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting further includes:

[0026] A water stop assembly, which includes at least two horizontal water stop gaskets. One of the horizontal water stop gaskets is located on the lower surface of the bottom laminated beam and is in close contact with the bottom laminated beam; the other horizontal water stop gasket is located between the bottom laminated beam and the top laminated beam, and this horizontal water stop gasket is in close contact with the bottom laminated beam and the top laminated beam respectively.

[0027] In an implementation manner, the water stop assembly further includes at least two vertical water stop gaskets. One of the vertical water stop gaskets is in close contact with the side surface of the bottom laminated beam, and the other vertical water stop gasket is in close contact with the side surface of the top laminated beam. The vertical water stop gaskets are hermetically connected to the horizontal water stop gaskets.

[0028] In an implementation manner, the horizontal water stop gaskets and the vertical water stop gaskets are made of plastic or rubber materials.

[0029] In an implementation manner, the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting further includes:

[0030] The plugging assembly includes a plugging cover plug and a plugging gasket. The plugging cover plug is matched with the water inlet of the drain pipe and is used to plug the water inlet of the drain pipe. The plugging gasket is located between the plugging cover plug and the upper surface of the top superposed beam. A cover plug lifting ring is provided on the plugging cover plug.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first hoisting assembly includes a first lifting ring and a first lifting ring groove. The first lifting ring groove is recessed from the upper surface of the bottom superposed beam towards the middle of the bottom superposed beam. The first lifting ring is fixed on the bottom superposed beam and is located in the first lifting ring groove. The top of the first lifting ring is flush with the upper surface of the bottom superposed beam, or the top of the first lifting ring is lower than the upper surface of the bottom superposed beam.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second hoisting assembly includes a second lifting ring and a second lifting ring groove. The second lifting ring groove is recessed from the upper surface of the top superposed beam towards the middle of the top superposed beam. The second lifting ring is fixed on the top superposed beam and is located in the second lifting ring groove. The top of the second lifting ring is flush with the upper surface of the top superposed beam, or the top of the second lifting ring is lower than the upper surface of the top superposed beam.

[0033] In one embodiment, along the direction from the middle of the top superposed beam to the end of the top superposed beam, the width of the top superposed beam gradually becomes narrower; along the direction from the middle of the bottom superposed beam to the end of the bottom superposed beam, the width of the bottom superposed beam gradually becomes narrower.

[0034] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an underwater plug blasting device, including:

[0035] A tunnel with a plug arranged at the water inlet of the tunnel;

[0036] A gate well assembly including an emergency gate well, a working gate well and a plug hoisting well. The emergency gate well is located at the water outlet of the tunnel. The working gate well is located between the emergency gate well and the underwater plug blasting combined plug. The plug hoisting well is located on one side of the emergency gate well. An emergency gate is arranged in the emergency gate well, and a working gate is arranged in the working gate well. The emergency gate is used to control the opening and closing of the water outlet of the tunnel; and

[0037] The underwater plug blasting combined plug as described in any one of the above, which is located downstream of the emergency gate. The underwater plug blasting combined plug is hoisted into the tunnel through the plug hoisting well to plug the water outlet of the tunnel.

[0038] In one embodiment, a slag collecting pit is provided in the tunnel, which is located at the water inlet of the tunnel and has a water cushion in it.

[0039] The advantages or beneficial effects in the above technical solutions at least include:

[0040] The combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting in the embodiments of the present application is composed of a bottom laminated beam and a top laminated beam. A first lifting assembly is provided on the bottom laminated beam, and a second lifting assembly is provided on the top laminated beam. A drain pipe is also provided on the top laminated beam. The water inlet of the drain pipe is located on the upper surface of the top laminated beam, and the water outlet of the drain pipe is located on the side surface adjacent to the upper surface of the top laminated beam. When the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting is in use, first, the bottom laminated beam is lifted into the tunnel, then the top laminated beam is lifted above the bottom laminated beam and the water outlet of the drain pipe is oriented towards the downstream of the tunnel. The outlet of the tunnel is blocked by the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting. After blocking the water inlet of the drain pipe, water is filled into the tunnel. After the blasting is completed, the working gate is lowered, the blockage of the water inlet of the drain pipe is removed, and the water between the working gate and the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting is drained through the drain pipe to the downstream of the tunnel until the top laminated beam is exposed. Then, the top laminated beam is lifted out through the second lifting assembly, and the bottom laminated beam is lifted out through the first lifting assembly. The combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting in the embodiments of the present application is composed of a bottom laminated beam and a top laminated beam. Both the bottom laminated beam and the top laminated beam can be lifted into the tunnel to complete the blocking of the tunnel outlet, and can be lifted out of the tunnel, avoiding the casting and demolition of the plug, simplifying the operation process, shortening the construction period, saving the project cost, and at the same time avoiding the damage to the gate shaft caused by the demolition of the plug.

[0041] The above summary is only for the purpose of the specification and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present application will be readily apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In the drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the several views represent the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an underwater rock plug blasting device;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram after the combination of the gate shaft assembly and the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting in the tunnel;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the top laminated beam;

[0047] Figure 5 is for Figure 4Cross-sectional view in the A-A direction;

[0048] Figure 6 is Figure 4 Cross-sectional view in the B-B direction;

[0049] Figure 7 is another structural schematic diagram of the top stacked beam;

[0050] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the bottom stacked beam;

[0051] Figure 9 is Figure 8 Structural schematic diagram in the C-C direction;

[0052] Figure 10 is another structural schematic diagram of the bottom stacked beam;

[0053] Reference numerals:

[0054] 1. Bottom stacked beam; 2. Top stacked beam; 3. First lifting assembly; 4. Second lifting assembly; 5. Drain pipe; 31. First lifting ring; 32. First lifting ring groove; 41. Second lifting ring; 42. Second lifting ring groove; 6. Plugging assembly; 61. Plugging cover plug; 62. Plugging gasket; 63. Cover plug lifting ring; 7. Water stop assembly; 71. Horizontal water stop gasket; 72. Vertical water stop gasket; 8. Tunnel; 9. Gate well assembly; 10. Slag collecting pit; 11. Water cushion; 91. Emergency gate well; 92. Working gate well; 93. Plug lifting well; 94. Emergency gate; 95. Working gate; 96. Steel cable 9; 97. Operating platform; 12. Rock plug. Detailed implementation manners

[0055] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0056] Embodiment 1:

[0057] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, an underwater rock plug blasting combined plug of the embodiment of the present application includes a bottom stacked beam 1 and a top stacked beam 2. A first lifting assembly 3 is arranged on the bottom stacked beam 1; the top stacked beam 2 and the bottom stacked beam 1 are stacked, the top stacked beam 2 is located above the bottom stacked beam 1, and the top stacked beam 2 is in close contact with the bottom stacked beam 1. A second lifting assembly 4 and a drain pipe 5 are arranged on the top stacked beam 2, the water inlet of the drain pipe 5 is located on the upper surface of the top stacked beam 2, and the water outlet of the drain pipe 5 is located on the side surface adjacent to the upper surface of the top stacked beam 2.

[0058] When the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting is in use, first, the bottom laminated beam 1 is hoisted into the tunnel 8, then the top laminated beam 2 is hoisted above the bottom laminated beam 1 and the water outlet of the drain pipe 5 is oriented towards the downstream of the tunnel 8. The water outlet of the tunnel 8 is blocked by the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting, and after blocking the water inlet of the drain pipe 5, water is filled into the tunnel 8. After the blasting is completed, the working gate 95 is lowered, the blockage of the water inlet of the drain pipe 5 is removed, and the water between the working gate 95 and the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting is discharged to the downstream of the tunnel 8 through the drain pipe 5 until the top laminated beam 2 is exposed, and then the top laminated beam 2 is hoisted out through the second hoisting assembly 4, and the bottom laminated beam 1 is hoisted out through the first hoisting assembly 3. The combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting in the embodiment of the present application is composed of the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2. Both the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2 can be hoisted into the tunnel 8 to complete the blockage of the water outlet of the tunnel 8, and can be hoisted out of the tunnel 8, avoiding the casting and demolition of the plug, simplifying the operation process, shortening the construction period, saving the project cost, and at the same time avoiding the damage to the gate shaft caused by the demolition of the plug.

[0059] As Figure 2 shown, in one embodiment, the number of the bottom laminated beams 1 can be multiple, and the multiple bottom laminated beams 1 are stacked layer by layer. The top laminated beam 2 is located above the topmost bottom laminated beam 1 and is in close contact with the topmost bottom laminated beam 1. Both the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2 can be cast from reinforced concrete, and the arrangement of the steel bars can be calculated and determined according to the stress conditions of the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2.

[0060] As Figure 9 shown, in order to realize the hoisting of the bottom laminated beam 1, the first hoisting assembly 3 includes a first lifting ring 31 and a first lifting ring groove 32. The first lifting ring groove 32 depresses from the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam 1 towards the middle of the bottom laminated beam 1. The first lifting ring 31 is fixed on the bottom laminated beam 1 and is located in the first lifting ring groove 32. The top of the first lifting ring 31 is flush with the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam 1, or the top of the first lifting ring 31 is lower than the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam 1.

[0061] Preferably, the first lifting ring 31 is anchored into the interior of the bottom laminated beam 1 and welded to the steel bars on the bottom laminated beam 1, so as to ensure the bearing capacity of the first lifting ring 31. The first lifting ring 31 is placed in the first lifting ring groove 32 and does not protrude from the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam 1. After multiple bottom laminated beams 1 are stacked or the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2 are stacked, it is ensured that the stacked bottom laminated beams 1 or the stacked bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2 can be in close contact. The width and depth of the first lifting ring groove 32 are not less than 100 mm, and the length is preferably not less than 200 mm. The number of the first hoisting assemblies 3 is preferably three or more to ensure more stable and safe hoisting of the bottom laminated beam 1. The multiple first hoisting assemblies 3 are respectively located at the ends and the middle of the bottom laminated beam 1.

[0062] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, in order to hoist the top - stacked beam 2, the second hoisting assembly 4 includes a second lifting ring 41 and a second lifting - ring groove 42. The second lifting - ring groove 42 is recessed from the upper surface of the top - stacked beam 2 towards the middle of the top - stacked beam 2. The second lifting ring 41 is fixed on the top - stacked beam 2 and is located within the second lifting - ring groove 42. The top of the second lifting ring 41 is flush with the upper surface of the top - stacked beam 2, or the top of the second lifting ring 41 is lower than the upper surface of the top - stacked beam 2.

[0063] Preferably, the second lifting ring 41 is anchored into the interior of the top - stacked beam 2 and welded to the steel bars on the top - stacked beam 2, so as to ensure the bearing capacity of the second lifting ring 41. The second lifting ring 41 is placed within the second lifting - ring groove 42. Similarly, the second lifting ring 41 can also be arranged not to protrude from the upper surface of the top - stacked beam 2. The width and depth of the second lifting - ring groove 42 are both not less than 100 mm, and the length is preferably not less than 200 mm. The number of the second hoisting assemblies 4 is preferably three or more to ensure more stable and safe hoisting of the bottom - stacked beam 1. Multiple second hoisting assemblies 4 are respectively located at the ends and the middle of the top - stacked beam 2.

[0064] As Figure 4 、 Figure 8 shown, the top - stacked beam 2 and the bottom - stacked beam 1 of this embodiment have the same shape. Along the direction from the middle of the top - stacked beam 2 to the end of the top - stacked beam 2, the width of the top - stacked beam 2 gradually becomes narrower; along the direction from the middle of the bottom - stacked beam 1 to the end of the bottom - stacked beam 1, the width of the bottom - stacked beam 1 gradually becomes narrower. In this embodiment, both the top - stacked beam 2 and the bottom - stacked beam 1 are set to have a structure that is wider in the middle and narrower at both ends, which is beneficial to reducing the structural stress of the top - stacked beam 2 and the bottom - stacked beam 1, giving full play to the strength of the materials, and saving costs.

[0065] The number of drain pipes 5 on the top - stacked beam 2 is one, two or more. The drain pipes 5 can be PVC pipes or steel pipes, and the pipe diameter of the drain pipes 5 is 100 mm - 300 mm. The pipe diameter and the number of the drain pipes 5 can be calculated and determined according to the drainage - time requirements.

[0066] As Figure 6 shown, in order to block the water inlet of the drain pipe 5, the underwater rock plug 12 blasting combined plug also includes a blocking assembly 6. The blocking assembly 6 includes a blocking cover plug 61 and a blocking gasket 62. The blocking cover plug 61 is matched with the water inlet of the drain pipe 5. The blocking cover plug 61 is used to block the water inlet of the drain pipe 5. The blocking gasket 62 is located between the blocking cover plug 61 and the upper surface of the top - stacked beam 2. A cover - plug lifting ring 63 is provided on the blocking cover plug 61. By providing the cover - plug lifting ring 63 on the blocking cover plug 61, it is used to hoist and remove the blocking cover plug 61 from the water inlet. The thickness of the blocking cover plug 61 is calculated and determined according to the maximum water pressure borne and the diameter of the drain pipe 5. By providing a blocking gasket 62 between the blocking cover plug 61 and the top - stacked beam 2, it is to ensure that the blocking cover plug 61 is airtight and does not leak water from the top - stacked beam 2 under the action of water pressure.

[0067] The combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting further includes a water stop assembly 7, and the water stop assembly 7 includes at least two horizontal water stop gaskets 71. One of the horizontal water stop gaskets 71 is located on the lower surface of the bottom laminated beam 1 and is in close contact with the bottom laminated beam 1; the other horizontal water stop gasket 71 is located between the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2, and this horizontal water stop gasket 71 is in close contact with the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2 respectively.

[0068] In an embodiment, the water stop assembly 7 further includes at least two vertical water stop gaskets 72. One of the vertical water stop gaskets 72 is in close contact with the side surface of the bottom laminated beam 1, and the other vertical water stop gasket 72 is in close contact with the side surface of the top laminated beam 2. The vertical water stop gaskets 72 are hermetically connected to the horizontal water stop gaskets 71. The horizontal water stop gaskets 71 and the vertical water stop gaskets 72 are made of plastic or rubber materials, and the thickness of the horizontal water stop gaskets 71 and the vertical water stop gaskets 72 is 5 mm - 30 mm. The intersection and overlap of the vertical water stop gaskets 72 and the horizontal water stop gaskets 71 are sealed with polysulfide sealant to ensure no water leakage between the vertical water stop gaskets 72 and the horizontal water stop gaskets 71.

[0069] When the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting in this embodiment is in use, first, the horizontal water stop gaskets 71 and the vertical water stop gaskets 72 are respectively laid on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane in the tunnel 8, and the flatness of the gaskets is maintained. Then, the first bottom laminated beam 1 is hoisted onto the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and is close to the vertical water stop gasket 72. Then, the horizontal water stop gaskets 71 and the vertical water stop gaskets 72 are respectively laid on the upper surface and the side surface of the first bottom laminated beam 1, and the second bottom laminated beam 1 is hoisted. Then, the remaining bottom laminated beams 1 and the top laminated beam 2 are hoisted in sequence by the above method. Finally, the plugging cover 61 is hoisted to the water inlet of the drain pipe 5 for sealing. After hoisting, ensure that the water outlet of the drain pipe 5 on the top laminated beam 2 faces the inside of the blocked tunnel 8.

[0070] The total thickness of multiple bottom laminated beams 1 should be 0.2 - 0.5 m less than the height of the opening of the tunnel 8 to be blocked, and the total thickness of multiple bottom laminated beams 1 and the top laminated beam 2 should be 0.2 - 0.5 m greater than the height of the opening of the tunnel 8 to be blocked. The thickness of a single top laminated beam 2 and a single bottom laminated beam 1 is determined by the hoisting capacity of the on-site construction hoisting machine. As Figures 1 to 10 shown, the parameters of the combined plug for underwater rock plug blasting are as follows: a = 1 - 5 m, b = 1 - 6 m, c = 0.2 - 1.5 m, d = 0.5 - 4 m, e = 0.15 - 0.6 m, h1 = 0.2 - 1.0 m, h0 = 0.2 - 1.5 m.

[0071] Traditional tunnel plugs require cumbersome and complex procedures such as formwork erection, steel bar erection, concrete pouring, and grouting for the plug in the narrow space inside the tunnel 8. The construction period is long, the cost is high, and it is not convenient to drain the water between the working gate 95 and the plug, and the drainage cost is relatively high. When demolishing the tunnel plug, workers must enter the narrow space of the tunnel 8. First, manually break and demolish the large-volume concrete, and then remove the muck through the gate shaft. The construction period is long and the cost is huge. The top laminated beam 2 and the bottom laminated beam 1 of the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug of this embodiment can be prefabricated first, and then hoisted into the tunnel 8 for plugging. The speed is extremely fast and the operation is simple. Compared with the traditional tunnel 8 plug, the operation process can be significantly simplified, the construction period can be shortened, and the project cost can be saved.

[0072] Embodiment 2:

[0073] The following will be described in detail with reference to Embodiment 1:

[0074] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses an underwater rock plug blasting device, including a tunnel 8, a gate shaft assembly 9, and a water pressure rock plug 12 blasting combined plug as described in Embodiment 1. Among them, a rock plug 12 is provided at the water inlet of the tunnel 8, a slag collecting pit 10 is provided in the tunnel 8, the slag collecting pit 10 is located at the water inlet of the tunnel 8, and a water cushion 11 is provided in the slag collecting pit 10. The gate shaft assembly 9 includes an emergency gate shaft 91, a working gate shaft 92, and a plug hoisting shaft 93. The emergency gate shaft 91 is located at the water outlet of the tunnel 8, the working gate shaft 91 is located between the emergency gate shaft 92 and the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug, and the plug hoisting shaft 93 is located on one side of the emergency gate shaft 91. An emergency gate 94 is provided in the emergency gate shaft 91, a working gate 95 is provided in the working gate shaft, and the emergency gate 94 is used to control the opening and closing of the water outlet of the tunnel 8. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug is located downstream of the emergency gate 94, and the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug is hoisted into the tunnel 8 through the plug hoisting shaft 93 to plug the water outlet of the tunnel 8.

[0075] The usage method of the underwater rock plug blasting device includes the following steps:

[0076] 1) According to the size of the opening of the tunnel 8 to be plugged and the maximum water pressure, design the structural dimensions such as the bottom laminated beam 1 and the top laminated beam 2. Place the steel bar frame in the mold and pour concrete, and wait until the required strength is reached for standby.

[0077] 2) Clean, level, and smooth the vertical surface and the horizontal plane of the opening of the tunnel 8 to be plugged.

[0078] 3) Lay a horizontal water stop gasket 71 and a vertical water stop gasket 72 on the horizontal plane and the vertical surface in front of the opening respectively, and keep the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop gasket 72 flat.

[0079] 4) Use a lifting tool on the ground operation platform 97 to hoist the first bottom laminated beam 1 onto the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and closely attach it to the vertical water stop gasket 72.

[0080] 5) Lay the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop gasket 72 on the upper surface of the first bottom laminated beam 1 and the vertical surface of the hole respectively, keep the gaskets flat, and seal the intersection and lap joint of the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop with polysulfide sealant to ensure no water leakage between the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop gasket 72.

[0081] 6) Use a lifting tool on the ground operation platform 97 to hoist the second bottom laminated beam 1 onto the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and closely attach it to the vertical water stop gasket 72.

[0082] 7) Use the same method until the top laminated beam 2 is hoisted and completed.

[0083] 8) Cover the plugging cover plug 61 on the top laminated beam 2. Tie one end of the steel cable 96 to the plugging ring 63 of the plugging cover plug 61, and fix the other end to the anchor point on the operation platform 97. The connection between the steel cable 96 and the plugging ring 63 and the anchor point must be firm and reliable.

[0084] 9) Fill water into the tunnel 8. Under the action of water, the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop gasket 72 are compressed and deformed. The top laminated beam 2, the bottom laminated beam 1, the horizontal water stop gasket 71, and the vertical water stop gasket 72 are in close contact with the hole, forming a closed water stop system to play a role in water blocking.

[0085] 10) Since the area of the plug is small and the bearing water pressure is small, it is easy to lift and open through the steel cable 96. After the blasting is completed, lower the working gate 95 to block the water connecting the gate shaft and the reservoir. Then, lift the plugging cover plug 61 through the steel cable 96 on the operation platform 97 and open the drain pipe 5 on the top laminated beam 2. The water between the working gate 95 and the plug drains down to the tunnel 8 through the drain pipe 5 until the top laminated beam 2 is exposed above the water surface. This provides conditions for manual cable tying in the shaft and greatly reduces the water pressure on the top laminated beam 2 and the bottom laminated beam 1, thus greatly reducing the difficulty of dismantling and hoisting.

[0086] 11) Manually enter the plug hoisting shaft 93 through the ladder. Tie a cable to the first hoisting assembly 3, and first hoist the top laminated beam 2 out through the lifting tool, and then hoist the bottom laminated beam 1 out until all the bottom laminated beams 1 are hoisted and completed. Clean the horizontal water stop gasket 71 and the vertical water stop gasket 72 at the hole, and the installation and disassembly of the plug are completed.

[0087] The traditional tunnel plug is fixed by friction and shear between the tunnel plug and the tunnel 8 wall, with complex technology and large volume. The underwater plug blasting device in this embodiment is fixed by direct support at the end face of the hole, with clear force and more safe and reliable. The plug has a smaller volume and is more economical.

[0088] Traditional tunnel plugs require tedious and complex processes such as formwork erection, steel bar erection, concrete pouring, and grouting for the plugs in the narrow space inside the tunnel 8, with a long construction period and high cost. The water between the working gate 95 and the plug cannot flow through the plug and must be forcibly drained by an additional high-pressure water pump, incurring high costs. When demolishing the plug of the tunnel 8, workers must enter the narrow space of the tunnel 8. First, the large-volume concrete is manually broken and demolished, and then the slag is removed through the gate shaft, with a long construction period and huge costs. The underwater rock plug 12 blasting device can be prefabricated on a wide ground and hoisted to complete the sealing and disassembly of the tunnel opening, with extremely fast speed and simple operation. Therefore, compared with the traditional tunnel 8 plug, the underwater rock plug blasting device can significantly simplify the operation process, shorten the construction period, and save project costs.

[0089] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0090] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0091] As described above, this is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of various changes or substitutions, and these should all be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An underwater rock plug blasting combined plug, characterized in that: include: a bottom stack beam, wherein a first hoisting assembly is disposed on the bottom stack beam; A top lap beam, wherein the top lap beam and the bottom lap beam are stacked, the top lap beam is located above the bottom lap beam, the top lap beam and the bottom lap beam are tightly fitted, a second hoisting assembly and a drain pipe are arranged on the top lap beam, the water inlet of the drain pipe is located on the upper surface of the top lap beam, and the water outlet of the drain pipe is located on the side adjacent to the upper surface of the top lap beam.

2. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug also includes: A water-stop assembly, the water-stop assembly comprising at least two horizontal water-stop gaskets, one of which is located on the lower surface of the bottom fold beam and fits tightly with the bottom fold beam; the other horizontal water-stop gasket is located between the bottom fold beam and the top fold beam, and the horizontal water-stop gasket fits tightly with the bottom fold beam and the top fold beam respectively.

3. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water-stop assembly also includes at least two vertical water-stop gaskets, one of which is tightly fitted with the side of the bottom stack beam, and the other is tightly fitted with the side of the top stack beam, and the vertical water-stop gasket is sealingly connected to the horizontal water-stop gasket.

4. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The horizontal water-stopping gasket and the vertical water-stopping gasket are made of plastic or rubber material.

5. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug also includes: A sealing assembly, the sealing assembly includes a sealing plug and a sealing gasket, the sealing plug cooperates with the water inlet of the drain pipe, the sealing plug is used to seal the water inlet of the drain pipe, the sealing gasket is located between the sealing plug and the upper surface of the top stacking beam, and the sealing plug is provided with a plug hanging ring.

6. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first lifting assembly includes a first lifting ring and a first lifting ring groove, the first lifting ring groove is recessed from the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam to the middle of the bottom laminated beam, the first lifting ring is fixed on the bottom laminated beam and is located in the first lifting ring groove, the top of the first lifting ring is flush with the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam, or the top of the first lifting ring is lower than the upper surface of the bottom laminated beam.

7. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The second lifting assembly includes a second lifting ring and a second lifting ring groove, the second lifting ring groove is recessed from the upper surface of the top stacking beam to the middle of the top stacking beam, the second lifting ring is fixed on the top stacking beam and is located in the second lifting ring groove, the top of the second lifting ring is flush with the upper surface of the top stacking beam, or the top of the second lifting ring is lower than the upper surface of the top stacking beam.

8. The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The width of the top lap beam gradually narrows along a direction from a middle portion of the top lap beam to an end portion of the top lap beam; and the width of the bottom lap beam gradually narrows along a direction from a middle portion of the bottom lap beam to an end portion of the bottom lap beam.

9. An underwater rock plug blasting device, characterized in that: include: A tunnel, wherein a rock plug is provided at a water inlet of the tunnel; A gate well assembly, the gate well assembly comprising an accident gate well, a working gate well and a plug hoisting well, the accident gate well being located at the water outlet of the tunnel, the working gate well being located between the accident gate well and the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug, the plug hoisting well being located at one side of the accident gate well, an accident gate being arranged in the accident gate well, a working gate being arranged in the working gate well, and the accident gate being used to control the opening and closing of the water outlet of the tunnel; as well as The underwater rock plug blasting combined plug as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug is located downstream of the emergency gate, and the underwater rock plug blasting combined plug is hoisted into the tunnel through the plug hoisting well to block the water outlet of the tunnel.

10. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A slag accumulation pit is provided in the tunnel, the slag accumulation pit is located at the water inlet of the tunnel, and a water cushion is provided in the slag accumulation pit.

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