Pneumatic tool changing type electric spindle with spindle and tool sharing cooling water path

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pneumatic tool changing type electric spindle with a spindle and a tool sharing a cooling water path. A coil fixing seat is fixedly installed in an external shaft shell, a plurality of water channels are arranged along the periphery of the external shaft shell, the plurality of communicated water channels are formed in a space defined by the external shaft shell and the coil fixing seat, and the water channel at the rearmost end is connected with an external cooling water tank with pressure through a water channel connector elbow installed at the rear end of the external shaft shell. At least one spray head fixing seat is arranged at the front end of the external shaft shell, and a cooling water spray head mounted in the spray head fixing seat is communicated with the forefront water channel in the water channels through a spray head water supply channel; the coil stator is fixed in the coil fixing seat and corresponds to the rotor in position, and the rotor is fixed outside the middle shaft head of the hollow rotating shaft through the rotor fixing sleeve. According to the utility model, only one cooling water tank is needed to cool the main shaft and the cutter at the same time, no additional cutter cooling device is needed, the maintenance is more convenient, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and specifically relates to a pneumatic tool changing type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool, which is applied to dental and jewelry carving. Background Art

[0002] At present, the motorized spindles on the market are mainly of high power, low speed, large volume, and self-cooling and circulating water cooling structures. When in use, a spindle cooling water tank is required to circulate and cool the spindle, and another tool cooling water tank is needed. An external water spraying device is connected to cool the tool, which is too cumbersome and not conducive to maintenance. The rotation speed is not high, and stable machining efficiency and machining quality cannot be achieved. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] Aiming at the problems existing in the background art, the utility model provides a pneumatic tool changing type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool. The technical solution includes: a coil fixing seat, an external shaft housing, a water path joint elbow, a cooling water nozzle, a coil stator, a rotor, a hollow rotating shaft, a rear bearing fixing seat, a front bearing, a rear bearing, a rotor fixing sleeve, a chuck, a tool, a pull rod, a cylinder front cover, a cylinder rear cover, a pneumatic quick joint, a main piston, and a cylinder ejector rod. Among them, the coil fixing seat is fixedly installed inside the external shaft housing. A plurality of water channels are arranged along the outer circumference of the external shaft housing, and a plurality of connected water channels are formed in the space surrounded by the external shaft housing and the coil fixing seat. The water channel at the rearmost end is connected to an external pressurized cooling water tank through the water path joint elbow installed at the rear end of the external shaft housing. At least one nozzle fixing seat is provided at the front end of the external shaft housing, and the cooling water nozzle installed in the nozzle fixing seat is connected to the water channel at the forefront of the plurality of water channels through a nozzle water supply channel;

[0004] The coil stator is fixed inside the coil fixing seat, and the position of the coil stator corresponds to that of the rotor. The rotor is fixed outside the middle shaft head of the hollow rotating shaft through a rotor fixing sleeve. The hollow rotating shaft includes a front shaft head, a front shaft neck, a shaft shoulder, a middle shaft head, a rear shaft neck, and a rear shaft head arranged in sequence from front to back. Among them, a front shaft head thread part for installing a front bearing locking nut and a front bearing locking cover is provided on the front shaft head, a middle shaft head thread part for installing a rotor fixing sleeve is provided on the middle shaft head, and a rear shaft head thread part for installing a rear locking nut is provided on the rear shaft head;

[0005] The inner and outer rings of the rear bearing are respectively fixed to the rear shaft neck and the rear bearing fixing seat by interference fit. The rear bearing is fixed inside the rear end of the coil fixing seat, and the rear locking nut abuts against the inner ring of the rear bearing; a disc spring is arranged outside the rear locking nut. The front end of the disc spring abuts against the rear locking nut, and the rear end of the disc spring abuts against a disc spring pressing sleeve. The disc spring pressing sleeve is fixed to the rear end of the pull rod. The pull rod passes through the hollow rotating shaft, and the tool is installed at the front end of the pull rod through a chuck;

[0006] The inner and outer rings of the front bearing are respectively fixed to the front journal and the front inner side of the coil fixing seat by interference fit. A front bearing gland, a front bearing locking nut and a front bearing locking cap are arranged in front of the front bearing. The front bearing gland is fixed to the inner side of the front end of the external shaft housing.

[0007] A shell flange is integrally fixed to the outer side of the rear end of the outer shaft housing, and the cylinder front cover is fixed to the shell flange by hexagon socket screws; a cylinder rear cover is fixed to the rear of the cylinder front cover, and a gas path quick connector as a gas path inlet is provided at the center of the rear end of the cylinder rear cover, and a main piston is installed on the inner side of the cylinder rear cover, and the main piston is fixed to the central cylinder push rod. As the gas path quick connector is inflated, the cylinder push rod moves forward to push out the pull rod and the chuck and replace the tool.

[0008] The front end bearing and the rear end bearing are a pair of high-speed ceramic angular contact bearing sets.

[0009] A rear bearing gasket and an overlapping wave spring are arranged at the front end of the outer ring of the rear end bearing.

[0010] A bearing inner washer is arranged between the front bearing inner ring and the rear journal, and a bearing outer washer is arranged at a corresponding position outside the bearing inner washer. The front and rear ends of the bearing outer washer are respectively fitted with the front bearing outer ring and the protrusion of the coil fixing seat.

[0011] A labyrinth structure for waterproofing is formed between the front bearing pressure cover, the front bearing locking nut and the front bearing locking cover.

[0012] A front water-blocking flange is also arranged at the front end of the front bearing pressure cover of the external shaft housing, and the front water-blocking flange is fixed to the external shaft housing; a waterproof cover is arranged at the front end of the front water-blocking flange, and the waterproof cover is connected to the threaded part of the front shaft head through threads.

[0013] The nozzle water supply channel passes through the nozzle fixing seat, the front water retaining flange, the front bearing pressure cover and the coil fixing seat in sequence to connect the cooling water nozzle and the water channel.

[0014] Water channel nitrile sealing rings are provided between the outer shaft housing and the coil fixing seat at the front and rear ends.

[0015] A tool fixing ring is installed at the front end of the chuck.

[0016] At least one set of return air sleeve and additional piston is arranged before the main piston, wherein the additional piston is fixedly connected to the cylinder top rod.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] 1. The electric spindle is small in size, high in power, high in speed and high in precision. The maximum spindle speed can reach 60,000 revolutions per minute during operation. Only one cooling water tank is needed to cool the spindle and the tool at the same time. No additional tool cooling device is needed, which is more convenient for maintenance and saves costs.

[0019] 2. The use of a cylinder-type tool changer features fast response. The tool change is performed during inflation. After the air source is disconnected, due to the action of the disc spring, the quick chuck returns to the end of the pull rod, enabling a quick connection to the subsequent operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal sectional schematic view of an embodiment of a pneumatic tool-changing electric spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool of the present utility model.

[0021] Wherein: 1 - coil fixing seat, 2 - hollow rotating shaft, 3 - rear bearing fixing seat, 4 - chuck, 5 - additional piston, 6 - cylinder rear cover, 7 - air return sleeve, 8 - coil stator, 9 - outer nitrile rubber seal ring, 10 - main piston, 11 - inner nitrile rubber seal ring, 12 - tool, 13 - waterproof cover, 14 - external shaft housing, 15 - front bearing locking cover, 16 - rear bearing gasket, 17 - buttress wave spring, 18 - pull rod, 19 - disc spring, 20 - front bearing gland, 21 - front end bearing, 22 - front bearing locking nut, 23 - cooling water nozzle, 24 - front water baffle flange, 25 - rotor fixing sleeve, 26 - rear end locking nut, 27 - disc spring pressing sleeve, 28 - tool fixing ring, 29 - waterway nitrile rubber seal ring, 30 - rotor, 31 - cylinder front cover, 32 - cylinder ejector rod, 33 - rear end bearing, 35 - nozzle fixing seat, 38 - inner bearing washer, 39 - outer bearing washer, 46 - waterway joint elbow, 47 - pneumatic quick connector, 101 - waterway, 141 - housing flange, 201 - shaft shoulder, 202 - front side journal, 203 - front side shaft head, 204 - middle shaft head, 205 - rear side journal, 206 - rear side shaft head, 2031 - front shaft head thread part, 2061 - rear shaft head thread part, 2401 - middle shaft head thread part, 3501 - nozzle water supply channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] As Figure 1The embodiments of the present utility model shown include: a coil fixing base 1, an external shaft housing 14, a waterway joint elbow 46, a cooling water spray head 23, a coil stator 8, a rotor 30, a hollow rotating shaft 2, a rear bearing fixing base 3, a front end bearing 21, a rear end bearing 33, a rotor fixing sleeve 25, a chuck 4, a cutting tool 12, a pull rod 18, a cylinder front cover 31, a cylinder rear cover 6, a pneumatic quick joint 47, a main piston 10, and a cylinder ejector rod 32. Among them, the coil fixing base 1 is fixedly installed inside the external shaft housing 14. A plurality of waterways 101 are provided along the outer circumference of the external shaft housing 14. The sequentially connected waterways 101 are formed in the space enclosed by the external shaft housing 14 and the coil fixing base 1. The waterway 101 at the rearmost end is connected to an external pressurized cooling water tank through the waterway joint elbow 46 installed at the rear end of the external shaft housing 14. At least one spray head fixing base 35 is provided at the front end of the external shaft housing 14. The cooling water spray head 23 installed in the spray head fixing base 35 is connected to the waterway 101 at the foremost end among the plurality of waterways 101 through a spray head water supply channel 3501;

[0024] The coil stator 8 is fixed inside the coil fixing base 1. The positions of the coil stator 8 and the rotor 30 correspond to each other. The rotor 30 is fixed outside the middle shaft head 204 of the hollow rotating shaft 2 through the rotor fixing sleeve 25. The hollow rotating shaft 2 includes a front side shaft head 203, a front side shaft neck 202, a shaft shoulder 201, a middle shaft head 204, a rear side shaft neck 205, and a rear side shaft head 206 arranged in sequence from front to back. Among them, a front shaft head thread portion 2031 for installing a waterproof cover 13, a front bearing locking nut 22, and a front bearing locking cover 15 is provided on the front side shaft head 203. A middle shaft head thread portion 2401 for installing the rotor fixing sleeve 25 is provided on the middle shaft head 204. A rear shaft head thread portion 2061 for installing a rear end locking nut 26 is provided on the rear side shaft head 206;

[0025] The inner and outer rings of the rear end bearing 33 are respectively fixed to the rear side shaft neck 205 and the rear bearing fixing base 3 by interference fit. The rear bearing fixing base 3 is fixed to the inner side of the rear end of the coil fixing base 1. The rear end locking nut 26 abuts against the inner ring of the rear end bearing 33. A disc spring 19 is arranged outside the rear end locking nut 26. The front end of the disc spring 19 abuts against the rear end locking nut 26. The rear end of the disc spring 19 abuts against a disc spring pressing sleeve 27. The disc spring pressing sleeve 27 is fixed to the rear end of the pull rod 18. The pull rod 18 passes through the hollow rotating shaft 2. The cutting tool 12 is installed at the front end of the pull rod 18 through the chuck 4;

[0026] The inner and outer rings of the front end bearing 21 are respectively fixed to the front side shaft neck 202 and the inner side of the front end of the coil fixing base 1 by interference fit. A front bearing pressing cover 20, a front bearing locking nut 22, and a front bearing locking cover 15 are arranged in front of the front end bearing 21. The front bearing pressing cover 20 is fixed to the inner side of the front end of the external shaft housing 14;

[0027] On the outer side of the rear end of the external shaft housing 14, a housing flange 141 is integrally fixed. The front cylinder head 31 is fixed to the housing flange 141 by a number of M3X30 socket head cap screws; a rear cylinder head 6 is fixed behind the front cylinder head 31. In the center of the rear end of the rear cylinder head 6, a quick air connection 47 serving as an air path inlet is provided. Inside the rear cylinder head 6, a main piston 10 is installed. The main piston 10 is fixedly connected to the central cylinder push rod 32. With the inflation of the quick air connection 47, the cylinder push rod 32 moves forward to eject the pull rod 18 and the chuck 4 and replace the cutting tool 12.

[0028] In this embodiment, the front bearing 21 and the rear bearing 33 are a pair of high-speed ceramic angular contact bearing sets; at the front end of the outer ring of the rear bearing 33, a rear bearing gasket 16 and a buttress wave spring 17 are provided to maintain the position of the front bearing 21; between the inner ring of the front bearing 21 and the rear side journal 205, a bearing inner washer 38 is provided. At the corresponding position outside the bearing inner washer 38, a bearing outer washer 39 is provided. The front and rear ends of the bearing outer washer 39 are respectively in contact with the outer ring of the front bearing 21 and the protruding part of the coil fixing seat 1, so as to avoid the direct contact between the bearing outer washer 39 and the coil stator 8.

[0029] In this embodiment, between the front bearing gland 20, the front bearing lock nut 22 and the front bearing lock cover 15 at the front end, a labyrinth structure for waterproofing is formed; for better waterproofing, a front water retaining flange 24 is further provided at the front end of the front bearing gland 20. The front water retaining flange 24 is fixed to the external shaft housing 14; at the front end of the front water retaining flange 24 (the front end of the external shaft housing 14), a waterproof cover 13 is further provided. The waterproof cover 13 is threadedly connected to the front shaft head thread part 2031.

[0030] In this embodiment, the nozzle water supply channel 3501 sequentially passes through the nozzle fixing seat 35, the front water retaining flange 24, the front bearing gland 20 and the coil fixing seat 1 to connect the cooling water nozzle 23 and the water channel 101.

[0031] In this embodiment, in order to better isolate pressure, nitrile rubber water channel seals 29 are provided between the external shaft housing 14 and the coil fixing seat 1 at both the front and rear ends.

[0032] In this embodiment, a tool fixing ring 28 is further installed between the cutting tool 12 and the chuck 4. The cutting tool 12 is specifically an easy-turning iron grinding head suitable for processing dental materials and jewelry carving.

[0033] In this embodiment, in the cylinder assembly formed by the cylinder front cover 31 and the cylinder rear cover 6, at least one additional cylinder group is provided in front of the main piston 10, including: a return air sleeve 7, an additional piston 5, an inner nitrile rubber sealing ring 11, and an outer nitrile rubber sealing ring 9, wherein the additional piston 5 is fixedly connected to the cylinder push rod 32; the specific number of the return air sleeve 7 and the additional piston 5 is three groups; the outer ends of the main piston 10 and the additional piston 5 are provided with an outer nitrile rubber sealing ring 9 for sealing, and the front ends of the main piston 10 and the additional piston 5 are provided with an inner nitrile rubber sealing ring 11 for sealing. The inner wall of the return air sleeve 7 is the cylinder barrel of the additional cylinder group; specifically, an outer nitrile rubber sealing ring 9 with an outer diameter of 48 and a thickness of 2.5, and an inner nitrile rubber sealing ring 11 with an outer diameter of 15 and a thickness of 1.5 are selected.

[0034] During operation, the coil stator 8 is energized by an external frequency converter to generate a magnetic field, driving the rotor 30 and the hollow rotating shaft 2 to rotate at a high speed, thereby driving the pull rod 18 and the cutter 12 to rotate, achieving the purpose of bus grinding and cutting.

[0035] At the same time, since the main shaft generates heat during high-speed operation, the cooling water enters the water channel 101 between the external shaft housing and the coil housing through the rear water inlet. The circumferentially surrounding water channel takes away the heat of the main shaft and is sprayed out through the cooling water nozzle 23 at the front end. The sprayed water cools the cutter during processing (and can also clean the cutter when not processing), achieving the purpose of cooling the main shaft and cooling the cutter at the same time.

[0036] When the cutter needs to be replaced, the industrial air compressor supplies air to the air path quick connector 47, the main piston in the cylinder advances, thereby pushing the pull rod to compress the disc spring 19 forward, driving the chuck 4 to push out, realizing the loosening of the cutter 12; after the cutter 12 is replaced, the air source is disconnected, the internal spring of the cylinder pushes the cylinder piston to retreat, the pull rod retreats through the elastic force of the disc spring 19, driving the chuck to retreat, and the chuck retreats and fits with the rotor taper hole to clamp the cutter.

Claims

1. An air-powered tool-changing electric spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool, characterized in that, Comprising: A coil fixing base (1), an external shaft housing (14), a waterway joint elbow (46), a cooling water spray head (23), a coil stator (8), a rotor (30), a hollow rotating shaft (2), a rear bearing fixing base (3), a front end bearing (21), a rear end bearing (33), a rotor fixing sleeve (25), a chuck (4), a cutting tool (12), a pull rod (18), a cylinder front cover (31), a cylinder rear cover (6), a pneumatic quick joint (47), a main piston (10), and a cylinder ejector rod (32). The coil fixing base (1) is fixedly installed inside the external shaft housing (14). A plurality of water channels (101) are provided along the outer circumference of the external shaft housing (14). The plurality of connected water channels (101) are formed in the space enclosed by the external shaft housing (14) and the coil fixing base (1). The water channel (101) at the rearmost end is connected to an external pressurized cooling water tank through the waterway joint elbow (46) installed at the rear end of the external shaft housing (14). At least one spray head fixing base (35) is provided at the front end of the external shaft housing (14). The cooling water spray head (23) installed in the spray head fixing base (35) is connected to the water channel (101) at the foremost end among the plurality of water channels (101) through a spray head water supply channel (3501). The coil stator (8) is fixed inside the coil fixing base (1). The position of the coil stator (8) corresponds to that of the rotor (30). The rotor (30) is fixed outside the middle shaft head (204) of the hollow rotating shaft (2) through a rotor fixing sleeve (25). The hollow rotating shaft (2) includes a front side shaft head (203), a front side shaft neck (202), a shaft shoulder (201), a middle shaft head (204), a rear side shaft neck (205), and a rear side shaft head (206) arranged in sequence from front to back. Among them, a front shaft head thread portion (2031) for installing a front bearing locking nut (22) and a front bearing locking cover (15) is provided on the front side shaft head (203). A middle shaft head thread portion (2401) for installing the rotor fixing sleeve (25) is provided on the middle shaft head (204). A rear shaft head thread portion (2061) for installing a rear end locking nut (26) is provided on the rear side shaft head (206). The inner and outer rings of the rear end bearing (33) are respectively fixed to the rear side shaft neck (205) and the rear bearing fixing base (3) through interference fit. The rear bearing fixing base (3) is fixed to the inner side of the rear end of the coil fixing base (1). The rear end locking nut (26) abuts against the inner ring of the rear end bearing (33). A disc spring (19) is arranged outside the rear end locking nut (26). The front end of the disc spring (19) abuts against the rear end locking nut (26). The rear end of the disc spring (19) abuts against a disc spring pressing sleeve (27). The disc spring pressing sleeve (27) is fixed to the rear end of the pull rod (18). The pull rod (18) passes through the hollow rotating shaft (2). The cutting tool (12) is installed at the front end of the pull rod (18) through a chuck (4). The inner and outer rings of the front bearing (21) are fixed to the front side journal (202) and the inner front end of the coil fixing seat (1) respectively by interference fit. In front of the front bearing (21), there are a front bearing gland (20), a front bearing locking nut (22) and a front bearing locking cover (15). The front bearing gland (20) is fixed to the inner front end of the outer shaft housing (14). On the outer side of the rear end of the outer shaft housing (14), a housing flange (141) is integrally fixed. The cylinder front cover (31) is fixed to the housing flange (141) by hexagon socket head cap screws. Behind the cylinder front cover (31), a cylinder rear cover (6) is fixed. In the center of the rear end of the cylinder rear cover (6), there is a quick air connection joint (47) serving as an air passage inlet. Inside the cylinder rear cover (6), a main piston (10) is installed, and the main piston (10) is fixedly connected to the central cylinder push rod (32).

2. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front bearing (21) and the rear bearing (33) are a pair of high-speed ceramic angular contact bearing sets.

3. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water circuit for the spindle and the tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, At the front end of the outer ring of the rear bearing (33), there are a rear bearing shim (16) and a split wave spring (17).

4. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water circuit for the spindle and the tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, Between the inner ring of the front bearing (21) and the rear side journal (205), there is a bearing inner washer (38). At the corresponding position outside the bearing inner washer (38), there is a bearing outer washer (39). The front and rear ends of the bearing outer washer (39) are respectively in contact with the outer ring of the front bearing (21) and the protrusion of the coil fixing seat (1).

5. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A labyrinth structure for waterproofing is formed among the front bearing gland (20), the front bearing locking nut (22) and the front bearing locking cover (15).

6. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, At the front end of the front bearing gland (20) of the outer shaft housing (14), there is also a front water retaining flange (24), and the front water retaining flange (24) is fixed to the outer shaft housing (14). At the front end of the front water retaining flange (24), there is a waterproof cover (13), and the waterproof cover (13) is threadedly connected to the front shaft head thread part (2031).

7. The pneumatic tool change type electric spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nozzle water supply channel (3501) passes through the nozzle fixing seat (35), the front water retaining flange (24), the front bearing gland (20) and the coil fixing seat (1) in sequence to connect the cooling water nozzle (23) and the water channel (101).

8. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water circuit for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Between the outer shaft housing (14) and the coil fixing seat (1) at both the front and rear ends, there are water channel nitrile rubber seals (29).

9. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water path for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1, characterized in that A tool fixing ring (28) is installed at the front end of the chuck (4).

10. The pneumatic tool change type motorized spindle with a common cooling water circuit for the spindle and the tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the main piston (10), there is at least one set of air return sleeves (7) and an additional piston (5), and the additional piston (5) is fixedly connected to the cylinder push rod (32).

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