Shot blasting derusting device for steel structure production
By designing separation components and multiple separation methods, the problem of shot peening and impurity separation is solved, the rapid separation and direct recycling of shot peening are achieved, and the efficiency of shot peening and rust removal device is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422291274.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-20
AI Technical Summary
The existing shot peening and rust removal device cannot effectively separate the shot peening and impurities during the recycling process, resulting in the recycled shot peening being unable to be used directly.
A shot peening and rust removal device including a separation assembly is designed. The screen frame is swung up and down with the cylinder, and combined with the cooperation of the push plate and the spring, multiple separations of shot peening and impurities are achieved through the difference in mesh diameters of the screen frame and the screen. The combination of the blower fan and the air pump is used to quickly separate the light impurities.
The rapid separation of shot peening and impurities is achieved, blocked, ensure that the recovered shot peening can be used directly, and the separation efficiency is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223114944U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of steel structure production, in particular to a shot blasting and rust removing device for steel structure production. Background Art
[0002] A steel structure is a structure composed of steel materials and is one of the main building structure types. When producing a steel structure, a shot blasting and rust removing device is required to clean the surface of the steel structure parts. Especially before painting or welding, shot blasting can ensure that the metal surface reaches the best pretreatment state, thereby improving product quality and extending service life.
[0003] When the existing shot blasting and rust removing device performs shot blasting cleaning on the surface of steel structure parts, most of the shot blasting will be recycled, and the impurities cleaned from the surface of the steel structure parts will also be recycled together. However, the traditional shot blasting and rust removing device cannot separate the shot blasting and impurities during the recycling process, resulting in the inability to directly use the recycled shot blasting later, which is very inconvenient. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the defect that the shot blasting and impurities cannot be separated during the recycling process in the prior art, resulting in the inability to directly use the recycled shot blasting later, and to propose a shot blasting and rust removing device for steel structure production.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
[0006] A shot blasting and rust removing device for steel structure production, including a placement box. A placement plate is fixed at the top of the inner cavity of the placement box. A motor is fixed on the placement plate through a mounting seat. The output shaft of the motor is fixed with a placement table. Two groups of sliding frames for positioning steel structure workpieces are symmetrically and slidably arranged on both sides of the placement table in the front-rear direction. One end of the sliding frame is fixed with a first T-shaped rod, and a first spring is wound around the first T-shaped rod. One end of the first spring is fixed on the protruding end of the first T-shaped rod, and the other end of the first spring is fixed with a limiting plate whose top end is fixed at the bottom of the placement table, and the first T-shaped rod is inserted into the limiting plate. A storage tank for placing shot blasting is fixed at the bottom of the back of the placement box. An air pump is fixed on the right side of the storage tank. The air outlet end of the air pump is communicated with a first connecting frame. The bottom end of the storage tank is communicated with a discharge pipe with a one-way valve, and the bottom end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the first connecting frame. The five ends of the first connecting frame far from the air pump penetrate into the placement box. First guide plates are fixed on both sides of the top of the inner cavity of the placement box. A separation component is arranged in the placement box.
[0007] Preferably, the separation component includes fixed shafts rotatably installed on the front and back of the inner cavity of the placement box. One end of each fixed shaft close to the other is fixed with a screening frame. Both sides of the bottom of the screening frame are fixed with diversion frames. An annular toothed plate is fixed on one of the fixed shafts through a reinforcing rod. A cylinder is fixed on the back of the placement box. The piston rod of the cylinder is fixed with a fixed toothed plate meshing with the annular toothed plate. Push plates are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the screening frame in the front-back direction. Convex plates are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the inner cavity of the placement box in the front-back direction. And a T-shaped plate cooperating with the push plate is inserted on each group of convex plates. Two groups of second T-shaped rods are symmetrically inserted on each group of T-shaped plates in the front-back direction. And a second spring is wound on each group of second T-shaped rods. The two ends of the second spring are fixed on the top of the T-shaped plate and the protruding end of the second T-shaped rod. A sieve mesh is rotatably installed on the left side of the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box. A strip-shaped groove cooperating with the sieve mesh is opened on the right side of the inner cavity of the placement box. And a first elastic strip with its top fitting on the sieve mesh is fixed at the bottom of the strip-shaped groove. An aggregate box communicating with the strip-shaped groove is fixed at the bottom of the right side of the placement box. A second diversion plate cooperating with the sieve mesh is fixed in the placement box. Vertical grooves are sequentially opened on the front and back of the left side of the placement box in the up-down direction. And a moving frame is slidably arranged in the upper and lower groups of vertical grooves. One end of the moving frame is fixed on one of the T-shaped plates. The other end of the moving frame is located at the bottom of the sieve mesh.
[0008] Preferably, two groups of fixed cylinders are symmetrically communicated on the bottom of the left side of the placement box in the front-back direction. And the fixed cylinders are located on the side where the diversion frame and the sieve mesh are close to each other. A blower fan and an isolation net are sequentially fixed in each group of fixed cylinders from the inside to the outside. A second communication frame cooperating with the blower fan is communicated at the bottom of the right side of the placement box. The air inlet end of the air pump is communicated with a three-way pipe. And one end of the three-way pipe is communicated with a box body fixed on the right side of the placement box. A filter screen is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body. One end of the second communication frame is communicated with the box body. Solenoid valves are arranged at one end of the first communication frame far from the air pump and at both ends of the three-way pipe far from the air pump.
[0009] Preferably, first elastic bands are arranged on both sides of the top of the screening frame. The top ends of the first elastic bands are arranged on the first diversion plate. A second elastic band is arranged on the right side of the bottom of the sieve mesh. And one end of the second elastic band is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the placement box.
[0010] Preferably, two groups of limit frames are symmetrically fixed on the left side of the placement box in the front-back direction. And the left side of the moving frame is slidably arranged in the limit frames. A fixed slide rail is fixed on the left side of the back of the placement box. A slide bar is fixed on the left side of the fixed toothed plate. And the slide bar is slidably arranged in the fixed track.
[0011] Preferably, a second elastic strip is fixed on the left side of the sieve mesh. And the left side of the second elastic strip is attached to the left side of the inner cavity of the placement box.
[0012] Preferably, a semi-circular plate cooperating with the first diversion plate is fixed on the placing plate.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
[0014] For the shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production, by arranging a separation component, using a cylinder as the driving source, presetting its reciprocating stroke, and under the meshing cooperation of a fixed tooth plate and an annular tooth plate, the screening frame can be driven to swing up and down, so as to quickly separate the shot and large impurities through the bottom mesh of the screening frame, and quickly separate the large impurities inside the screening frame. When the screening frame swings, it will drive the push plate to swing synchronously, and by the elastic rebound of the second spring, a driving force is given to the T-shaped plate in real time, so that the push plate can impact the T-shaped plate when swinging, thereby enabling the whole screening frame to generate a certain vibration force, facilitating auxiliary blanking. With the design of the screen, and using the diameter difference between its mesh and the mesh of the screening frame, the smaller impurities and the shot in the falling shot can be separated. The shot can stay on the top of the screen and slide into the aggregate box for collection, and the smaller impurities will directly fall and accumulate at the bottom of the inner cavity of the placing box. The T-shaped plate will move up and down continuously under the action of the push plate, thereby driving the moving frame to move synchronously, and then the screen can be reciprocally impacted, enabling the screen to swing up and down continuously and generate a certain vibration, improving the separation effect of the shot and impurities and avoiding blockage. At the same time, with multiple groups of blowing fans, when the shot falls, the light impurities entrained therein can be quickly blown up, and the light impurities are quickly pumped into the box body to accumulate via the second communication frame by the suction of the air pump. By adopting multiple separation methods, the shot and impurities can be quickly separated, facilitating the user to directly use the shot recovered in the aggregate box in the later stage. Description of the Drawings
[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production proposed by the utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 is a partial rear view sectional view of the structure of a shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production proposed by the utility model;
[0017] Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of the structure of a shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production proposed by the utility model;
[0018] Figure 4 is a partial bottom view sectional view of the structure of the placing box and the fixed cylinder proposed by the utility model.
[0019] In the figure: 1. Placing box; 2. Placing plate; 3. Motor; 4. Placing table; 5. Sliding frame; 6. First spring; 7. Second connecting frame; 8. Storage tank; 9. Air pump; 10. First connecting frame; 11. Aggregate box; 12. Fixed shaft; 13. Screening frame; 14. First deflector; 15. Annular toothed plate; 16. Cylinder; 17. Fixed toothed plate; 18. First elastic band; 19. Pushing plate; 20. T-shaped plate; 21. Second spring; 22. Deflecting frame; 23. Screen; 24. Fixed cylinder; 25. Blowing fan; 26. Moving frame; 27. Box body. Detailed implementation manner
[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
[0021] Embodiment
[0022] Refer to Figures 1 - 4, a shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production, including a placement box 1. At the top of the inner cavity of the placement box 1, a placement plate 2 is fixed. On the placement plate 2, a motor 3 is fixed through a mounting seat. The output shaft of the motor 3 is fixed with a placement table 4. On both sides of the placement table 4, two groups of sliding frames 5 for positioning steel structure workpieces are symmetrically arranged in the front-rear direction. One end of the sliding frame 5 is fixed with a first T-shaped rod, and a first spring 6 is wound around the first T-shaped rod. One end of the first spring 6 is fixed on the protruding end of the first T-shaped rod, and the other end of the first spring 6 is fixed with a limiting plate whose top is fixed at the bottom of the placement table 4, and the first T-shaped rod is inserted into the limiting plate. At the bottom of the back of the placement box 1, a storage tank 8 for placing shot blasting is fixed. On the right side of the storage tank 8, an air pump 9 is fixed. The air outlet end of the air pump 9 is communicated with a first connecting frame 10. The bottom end of the storage tank 8 is communicated with a discharge pipe with a one-way valve, and the bottom end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the first connecting frame 10. The end of the first connecting frame 10 away from the air pump 9 penetrates into the placement box 1. On both sides of the top of the inner cavity of the placement box 1, first guide plates 14 are fixed. On the placement plate 2, a semi-circular plate is fixed, which is used in cooperation with the first guide plate 14. The design of the semi-circular plate avoids the accumulation of shot blasting on the placement plate 2. A separation component is arranged in the placement box 1. The separation component includes fixed shafts 12 rotatably installed on the front and back of the inner cavity of the placement box 1. One end of the fixed shafts 12 close to each other is fixed with a screening frame 13. On both sides of the bottom of the screening frame 13, guide frames 22 are fixed. On one of the fixed shafts 12, an annular tooth plate 15 is fixed through a reinforcing rod. On the back of the placement box 1, a cylinder 16 is fixed. The piston rod of the cylinder 16 is fixed with a fixed tooth plate 17 that meshes with the annular tooth plate 15. On both sides of the screening frame 13, push plates 19 are symmetrically fixed in the front-rear direction. On both sides of the inner cavity of the placement box 1, convex plates are symmetrically fixed in the front-rear direction, and on each group of convex plates, a T-shaped plate 20 that cooperates with the push plate 19 is inserted. On each group of T-shaped plates 20, two groups of second T-shaped rods are symmetrically inserted in the front-rear direction, and on each group of second T-shaped rods, a second spring 21 is wound. Both ends of the second spring 21 are fixed on the top of the T-shaped plate 20 and the protruding end of the second T-shaped rod. On the left side of the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box 1, a sieve mesh 23 is rotatably installed. On the left side of the sieve mesh 23, a second elastic strip is fixed, and the left side of the second elastic strip is attached to the left side of the inner cavity of the placement box 1. The design of the second elastic strip can seal the left side of the top of the sieve mesh 23 to prevent shot blasting from directly falling to the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box 1 through the left side of the sieve mesh 23;
[0023] Refer to Figures 2 - 4, a strip-shaped groove is provided on the right side of the inner cavity of the placement box 1 for cooperating with the screen 23, and a first elastic strip with its top fitting against the screen 23 is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the strip-shaped groove. First elastic bands 18 are arranged on both sides of the top of the screening frame 13, and the top ends of the first elastic bands 18 are arranged on the first deflector 14. A second elastic band is arranged on the right side of the bottom of the screen 23 and one end of the second elastic band is arranged at the bottom right side of the placement box 1. By arranging the first elastic bands 18, the two sides of the top of the screening frame 13 can be blocked, preventing the shot peening from directly falling to the bottom of the placement box 1 without being screened by the screening frame 13, improving the separation effect of impurities. And the design of the second elastic band avoids the shot peening after cleaning from splashing to the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box 1. While improving the separation effect, it can give a certain reset ability to the screen 23. An aggregate box 11 communicating with the strip-shaped groove is fixed at the bottom right side of the placement box 1. A second deflector cooperating with the screen 23 is fixed in the placement box 1 and the second deflector is located on the side where the deflector frame 22 and the screen 23 are close to each other. A plurality of groups of vertical grooves are successively opened in the front and back of the left side of the placement box 1 in the up and down direction, and a moving frame 26 is slidably arranged in the plurality of upper and lower vertical grooves. Two groups of limiting frames are symmetrically fixed on the left side of the placement box 1 in the front and back direction, and the left side of the moving frame 26 is slidably arranged in the limiting frames. A fixed slide rail is fixed on the left side of the back of the placement box 1. A slide bar is fixed on the left side of the fixed toothed plate 17 and the slide bar is slidably arranged in the fixed track. The design of the limiting frames can slide and limit the moving frame 26, improving the stability of the moving frame 26 when moving. The design of the fixed track and the slide bar can slide and limit the fixed toothed plate 17, preventing the fixed toothed plate 17 from separating from the annular toothed plate 15. One end of the moving frame 26 is fixed on one of the T-shaped plates 20, and the other end of the moving frame 26 is located at the bottom of the screen 23. By arranging the separation component and adopting multiple separation methods, the shot peening and impurities can be quickly separated, facilitating the user to directly use the shot peening recovered in the aggregate box 11 later. A controller is arranged on the right side of the front of the placement box 1. Two groups of fixed cylinders 24 are symmetrically communicated in the front and back direction at the bottom left side of the placement box 1 and the fixed cylinders 24 are located on the side where the deflector frame 22 and the screen 23 are close to each other. A blower fan 25 and a separation net are successively fixed in each fixed cylinder 24 from the inside to the outside. A second communication frame 7 cooperating with the blower fan 25 is communicated at the bottom right side of the placement box 1. The air inlet end of the air pump 9 is communicated with a three-way pipe, and one end of the three-way pipe is communicated with a box body 27 fixed on the right side of the placement box 1. A filter screen is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 27. One end of the second communication frame 7 is communicated with the box body 27. Solenoid valves are arranged at one end of the first communication frame 10 far from the air pump 9 and at both ends of the three-way pipe far from the air pump 9. By using a plurality of blower fans 25, when the shot peening falls, the light impurities entrained therein can be quickly blown up, and the light impurities can be quickly sucked into the box body 27 by the suction of the air pump 9 through the second communication frame 7 and accumulated,At the bottom of the front of the placement box 1, on the right side of the screening frame 13, at the middle position on the right side of the placement box 1, and on the right side of the aggregate box 11, there are discharge box doors hinged by hinges, which is convenient for discharging. The mesh diameter value of the screen 23 is smaller than the mesh diameter value of the screening frame 13.,
[0024] In the present utility model, the user places the steel structure member on the placement table 4, and utilizes the elastic rebound of the first spring 6 to push the sliding frame 5 to clamp and fix the steel structure member. Subsequently, the user turns on the air pump 9 and the motor 3 through the controller. At this time, the air pump 9 directly fills the outside air into the first communication frame 10 and keeps a certain high flow rate inside its pipeline, so as to generate a certain negative pressure, quickly suck out the shot in the storage tank 8 and transport it into the placement box 1. At this time, the motor 3 drives the placement table 4 and the steel structure member to rotate, so as to comprehensively clean the steel structure member. The impurities and shot that fall off during cleaning will fall into the screening frame 13 through the first guide plate 14. At this time, the user turns on the cylinder 16 and the blower fan 25 through the controller and presets the reciprocating stroke of the cylinder 16. At this time, the cylinder 16 can drive the fixed toothed plate 17 to move up and down reciprocally. Thus, under the meshing cooperation of the annular toothed plate 15, the screening frame 13 can be driven to swing up and down. At this time, the shot and large impurities are quickly separated by the bottom mesh of the screening frame 13, and the large impurities are quickly separated inside the screening frame 13. At the same time, when the screening frame 13 swings, it will drive the push plate 19 to swing synchronously, and the second spring 21 will give a supporting force to the T-shaped plate 20, so that the push plate 19 can continuously reciprocally impact the T-shaped plate 20 when swinging, so that the whole screening frame 13 can generate a certain vibration, avoid blocking of the screening frame 13, and improve the separation effect at the same time. The shot that falls through the screening frame 13 will directly fall onto the screen 23 under the guidance of the guide frame 22. During the falling process, the blower fan 25 can quickly blow up the light impurities carried in the shot, and use the suction of the air pump 9 to quickly pump the light impurities into the box body 27 through the second communication frame 7 for accumulation, and the filter screen filters the impurities. At this time, using the diameter difference between the mesh of the screen 23 and the mesh of the screening frame 13, the smaller impurities and shot in the falling shot can be separated, so that the shot remains on the top of the screen 23 and slides into the aggregate box 11 for collection, and the smaller impurities will directly fall and accumulate at the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box 1. And the T-shaped plate 20 will continuously move up and down under the action of the push plate 19, so as to drive the moving frame 26 to move synchronously, and then the screen 23 can be reciprocally impacted, so that the screen 23 can continuously swing up and down and generate a certain vibration, improve the separation effect of the shot and impurities, and avoid blocking. By adopting multiple separation methods, the shot and impurities can be quickly separated, which is convenient for the user to directly use the shot recovered into the aggregate box 11 later.
[0025] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present utility model, according to the technical solution of the present utility model and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production, comprising a placement box (1), characterized in that: At the top of the inner cavity of the placement box (1), a placement plate (2) is fixed. A motor (3) is fixed on the placement plate (2) through a mounting seat. The output shaft of the motor (3) is fixed with a placement table (4). Two groups of sliding frames (5) for positioning steel structure workpieces are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the placement table (4) in the front-back direction. One end of the sliding frame (5) is fixed with a first T-shaped rod, and a first spring (6) is wound around the first T-shaped rod. One end of the first spring (6) is fixed on the protruding end of the first T-shaped rod. The other end of the first spring (6) is fixed with a limiting plate whose top end is fixed at the bottom of the placement table (4), and the first T-shaped rod is inserted into the limiting plate. At the bottom of the back surface of the placement box (1), a storage tank (8) for placing shot peening is fixed. A gas pump (9) is fixed on the right side of the storage tank (8). The air outlet end of the gas pump (9) is communicated with a first connecting frame (10). The bottom end of the storage tank (8) is communicated with a discharge pipe with a one-way valve, and the bottom end of the discharge pipe is communicated on the first connecting frame (10). One end of the first connecting frame (10) far away from the gas pump (9) penetrates into the placement box (1). On both sides of the top of the inner cavity of the placement box (1), first guide plates (14) are fixed. A separation component is arranged in the placement box (1).
2. The shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation component includes fixed shafts (12) rotatably installed on the front and back of the inner cavity of the placement box (1). One end of each of the fixed shafts (12) close to each other is fixed with a screening frame (13). Both sides of the bottom of the screening frame (13) are fixed with diversion frames (22). An annular toothed plate (15) is fixed on one of the fixed shafts (12) through a reinforcing rod. A cylinder (16) is fixed on the back of the placement box (1). The piston rod of the cylinder (16) is fixed with a fixed toothed plate (17) engaged with the annular toothed plate (15). Push plates (19) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the screening frame (13) along the front-back direction. Convex plates are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the inner cavity of the placement box (1) along the front-back direction, and a T-shaped plate (20) engaged with the push plate (19) is inserted on each group of convex plates. Two groups of second T-shaped rods are symmetrically inserted on each group of T-shaped plates (20) along the front-back direction, and a second spring (21) is wound around each group of second T-shaped rods. The two ends of the second spring (21) are fixed on the top of the T-shaped plate (20) and the protruding end of the second T-shaped rod. A screen (23) is rotatably installed on the left side of the bottom of the inner cavity of the placement box (1). A strip-shaped groove matched with the screen (23) is opened on the right side of the inner cavity of the placement box (1), and a first elastic strip with its top attached to the screen (23) is fixed at the bottom of the strip-shaped groove. An aggregate box (11) communicated with the strip-shaped groove is fixed at the bottom of the right side of the placement box (1). A second diversion plate matched with the screen (23) is fixed in the placement box (1). A plurality of vertical grooves are sequentially opened on the front and back of the left side of the placement box (1) along the up-down direction, and a moving frame (26) is slidably arranged in the plurality of up-down vertical grooves. One end of the moving frame (26) is fixed on one of the T-shaped plates (20), and the other end of the moving frame (26) is located at the bottom of the screen (23).
3. A shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two fixed cylinders (24) are symmetrically communicated with the bottom of the left side of the placement box (1) along the front-back direction, and the fixed cylinders (24) are located on the side where the diversion frame (22) and the screen (23) are close to each other. A blower fan (25) and an isolation net are sequentially fixed in each fixed cylinder (24) from the inside to the outside. A second communication frame (7) matched with the blower fan (25) is communicated with the bottom of the right side of the placement box (1). The air inlet end of the air pump (9) is communicated with a three-way pipe, and one end of the three-way pipe is communicated with a box body (27) fixed on the right side of the placement box (1). A filter screen is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body (27). One end of the second communication frame (7) is communicated with the box body (27). Solenoid valves are arranged at the end of the first communication frame (10) far from the air pump (9) and at the two ends of the three-way pipe far from the air pump (9).
4. A shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 2, characterized in that, First elastic bands (18) are arranged on both sides of the top of the screening frame (13). The top ends of the first elastic bands (18) are arranged on the first diversion plate (14). A second elastic band is arranged at the bottom right of the screen (23), and one end of the second elastic band is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the placement box (1).
5. The shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the left side of the placement box (1), two groups of limit frames are symmetrically fixed in the front-back direction, and the left side of the movable frame (26) is slidably arranged in the limit frames. On the left side of the back surface of the placement box (1), a fixed slide rail is fixed. On the left side of the fixed toothed plate (17), a slide bar is fixed and the slide bar is slidably arranged in the fixed track.
6. The shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the left side of the screen (23), a second elastic strip is fixed, and the left side of the second elastic strip is attached to the left side of the inner cavity of the placement box (1).
7. A shot blasting and rust removal device for steel structure production according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the placement plate (2), a semi-circular plate is fixed and used in cooperation with the first diversion plate (14).