H-shaped dry and wet sludge mixing incinerator
Through the design of the H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator, the problems of complex and high cost of wet sludge treatment in the prior art are solved, and efficient combustion and low-cost operation of direct treatment of wet sludge are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422119341.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-30
AI Technical Summary
The existing integrated incinerator can only handle dry materials, requiring additional drying processes and combustion-enhancing heat, resulting in high system complexity and operating costs.
A H-type dry and wet sludge mixed incinerator is designed, including an incinerator and a second combustion chamber. The wet sludge is treated by bubbling fluidized beds, and drying and combustion are used to dry and combustion. Combined with the heat exchange structure, heat recovery is reduced to reduce the need for additional combustion heat.
Direct treatment of wet sludge is achieved, reducing system complexity and operating costs, improving combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency, and reducing the unburned ash slag rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN223121430U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to an H-shaped wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator. Background Technique
[0002] Wet sludge in general industrial solid waste is a by-product of sewage treatment in life and industrial production, with a large production volume, a high content of inorganic substances, and a relatively low content of organic substances. In the prior art, the treatment of sludge mostly relies on sludge incineration technology. For example, the patent with the publication number CN218672213U is an incineration treatment system for the resource treatment of oily sludge that our company is currently using. It sequentially arranges a hearth, a melting zone, a pyrolysis zone, and a drying zone from bottom to top in the furnace cavity to form an integrated incinerator. Each time, a large amount of sludge materials to be treated can be input, with a large single treatment volume, a short treatment cycle, and high treatment efficiency. However, it is found in actual use that, first of all, the feeding of this incinerator is only applicable to dry materials. Therefore, before being put into the incinerator, the sludge with a high water content needs to be dried first, which requires an additional drying process, resulting in a more complex system and increased operating costs; moreover, because this integrated incinerator needs to maintain a preset temperature range in each area of the furnace cavity, a lot of additional combustion heat needs to be filled during operation, resulting in an increase in the overall operating cost of the system; this also leads to the fact that this incinerator cannot be applied to all application scenarios. Content of the Utility Model
[0003] In order to solve the problems that the existing integrated incinerator is only applicable to dry materials and also requires a lot of additional combustion heat to ensure the temperature in each area of the furnace cavity, resulting in too high operating costs of the system, the utility model provides an H-shaped wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator, which can directly treat wet sludge and also reduce the energy consumption during sludge incineration, thereby reducing the overall operating cost of the system.
[0004] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows: An H-shaped wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator, which includes: an incinerator and a heat exchange structure, and the heat exchange structure is connected and arranged on the smoke exhaust passage of the incinerator;
[0005] It is characterized in that:
[0006] The incinerator is of an H-shaped structure, with the left side being the incineration chamber and the right side being the secondary combustion chamber, and the incineration chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are connected through a smoke guiding passage;
[0007] The top of the incineration chamber is provided with a wet sludge feeding spray gun and a drying air inlet for drying wet sludge. A bubbling fluidized bed is arranged directly below the wet sludge feeding spray gun in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber, and a dry material feeding port is arranged on one side above the bubbling fluidized bed. The smoke guiding channel is arranged on the side adjacent to the bubbling fluidized bed between the wet sludge feeding spray gun and the bubbling fluidized bed.
[0008] The top of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust channel, and the bottom is provided with a screw discharger for ash material.
[0009] The smoke exhaust channel is communicated with a smoke exhaust port, and the smoke exhaust port is communicated with a flue gas treatment system.
[0010] Its further features are as follows:
[0011] It further includes an air chamber and air caps. The air chamber is arranged below the bubbling fluidized bed in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber, the air caps are arranged in the reaction area of the bubbling fluidized bed, and the air caps are communicated with the air chamber.
[0012] It further includes a combustion-supporting air inlet, and the combustion-supporting air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber.
[0013] It further includes a combustion-supporting air structure, and the combustion-supporting air structure includes a combustion-supporting air preheater and a combustion-supporting air channel. The combustion-supporting air preheater is a heat exchange structure and is arranged on the smoke exhaust channel. The low-temperature inlet end of the combustion-supporting air preheater is communicated with a combustion-supporting air supply device, and the high-temperature outlet end is communicated with the combustion-supporting air channel. The combustion-supporting air channel is respectively communicated with the drying air inlet, the combustion-supporting air inlet and the air chamber.
[0014] The heat exchange structure includes a first heat exchange structure and a second heat exchange structure.
[0015] The first heat exchange structure and the second heat exchange structure are arranged on the smoke exhaust channel between the smoke exhaust port and the secondary combustion chamber.
[0016] The first heat exchange structure is realized based on a membrane wall boiler, and the second heat exchange structure is realized based on a tubular convective superheater.
[0017] The initial bed material layer of the bubbling fluidized bed is realized by externally supplementing quartz sand.
[0018] An H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator provided by the present application is connected to a wet sludge feeding device through a wet sludge feeding spray gun at the top of the incineration chamber and connected to a dry material feeding device through a dry material feeding port; based on the wet sludge feeding spray gun, the wet sludge is sprayed and fed into the incineration chamber in a dispersed state, and at the same time, drying air is sprayed in the same direction through the drying air inlet at the top to ensure that the wet sludge is dried during the falling process. The bubbling fluidized bed at the bottom receives the dry material fed from the dry material feeding port and the dried wet sludge falling from the top, and burns the two at the same time; even if the wet sludge is not completely dried, after falling on the bubbling fluidized bed and mixing with the dry material in a high-temperature combustion state, it will be quickly dried and then burned; the sludge and the supplemented quartz sand in the bubbling fluidized bed layer are fully rubbed for a long time, and the ash slag with a smaller particle size can be carried into the secondary combustion chamber by the flue gas for sedimentation and discharge, so there is no need to discharge slag during the normal operation of the bubbling bed; at the same time, a large amount of quartz sand and inorganic slag stay on the bed layer to play a role in heat storage, ensuring the bed temperature required for combustion; the high-temperature flue gas generated after the combustion of wet and dry sludge on the bubbling fluidized bed enters the secondary combustion chamber through the smoke guiding channel, and the mixed incineration of wet sludge and dry material is completely completed. Some of the ash slag entrained in the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber is discharged by a screw discharger arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber. The H-type incinerator in the present application can directly receive wet sludge as a material. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to separately set dehydration or drying equipment for wet sludge, which reduces the system complexity and also reduces the system operation cost; at the same time, based on the H-type structure, the sludge incineration and flue gas incineration are separately arranged in the incineration chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, and the solid incineration chamber and the flue gas incineration chamber are separately arranged. The high-temperature flue gas generated after the combustion of wet and dry sludge on the bubbling fluidized bed enters the secondary combustion chamber through the smoke guiding channel and directly undergoes secondary combustion, with high combustion efficiency. Compared with the existing integrated furnace body, there is no need to additionally increase the combustion-supporting heat, further reducing the overall operation cost of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0020] The present utility model includes an H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator, which includes: an incinerator and a heat exchange structure. The heat exchange structure is connected and arranged on the smoke exhaust channel 4 of the incinerator to recover the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated during incineration and reduce the system operation cost. The specific structure of the incinerator is as Figure 1 shown. The blue arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the combustion-supporting air, and the black arrows indicate the flow direction of the flue gas.
[0021] The incinerator is an H-shaped structure, with an incineration chamber 1 on the left and a secondary combustion chamber 3 on the right. The incineration chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 are connected through a smoke guide channel 2. A wet sludge feeding spray gun 8 and a dry air inlet 101 for drying wet sludge are arranged on the top of the incineration chamber 1. A bubbling fluidized bed 6 is arranged in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber 1 just below the wet sludge feeding spray gun 8, and a dry material feeding port 102 is arranged on one side above the bubbling fluidized bed 6; the smoke guide channel 2 is arranged between the wet sludge feeding spray gun 8 and the bubbling fluidized bed 6 and adjacent to one side of the bubbling fluidized bed 6.
[0022] The first starting combustion gas 161, the second starting combustion gas 162 and the third starting combustion gas 163 are respectively arranged in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber 1, the bubbling fluidized bed 6 and the inner cavity of the secondary combustion chamber 3. After the incinerator is started and the combustion-supporting air is introduced, the three starting combustion gases are used to start the combustion.
[0023] A smoke exhaust channel 4 is provided at the top of the secondary combustion chamber 3, and a spiral discharger 18 for ash is provided at the bottom. The smoke exhaust channel 4 is connected to the smoke exhaust port 5, and the smoke exhaust port 5 is connected to the smoke treatment system (not marked in the figure) for pre-discharge treatment. A combustion-supporting air inlet 301 is provided on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber 3, which is connected to the combustion-supporting air channel 10.
[0024] In specific application, wet sludge is sprayed into the incinerator from the furnace top through a sludge pump (not marked in the figure) and a sludge feed spray gun 8. The preheated combustion-supporting air is introduced into the dry air inlet 101, and the wet sludge and the preheated combustion-supporting air are mixed and dried at the furnace top. The dried sludge falls into the bottom of the incinerator and is burned on the furnace bed with the dry material entering from the bottom of the incinerator under oxygen. The dry material in this application uses dry sludge or other general industrial solid waste with high calorific value.
[0025] The dry material feeding device includes: a dry material screw feeder 7 and a drop pipe 701; the drop pipe 701 is tilted, with the higher end connected to the discharge port of the dry material screw feeder 7 and the lower end connected to the dry material feed port 102. After the dry material screw feeder 7 feeds the dry material, it is fed to the bubbling fluidized bed 6 through the drop pipe 701 for combustion. The dried flue gas and the flue gas burned on the furnace bed enter the secondary combustion chamber 3 through the smoke guide channel 2 above the bubbling fluidized zone.
[0026] The flue gas carrying combustible gas and unburned particulate matter enters the right secondary combustion chamber 3 and mixes with the high-temperature combustion air entering from the combustion air inlet 301 for secondary combustion, thereby ensuring the combustion residence time of the flue gas and the effective thermal oxidation or thermal decomposition of the pollutants. Because the smoke guide channel 2 is located at a lower position, the flow rate of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber 3 becomes lower during the rising process, and some particulate matter will settle to the bottom of the furnace and be discharged through the water-cooled spiral discharger 18.
[0027] The smoke guide channel 2 connecting the connected combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 is arranged above the bubbling bed layer, which can not only prevent the materials in the bed layer from being entrained into the secondary combustion chamber, but also avoid the high-humidity and low-temperature flue gas from entering the bed layer and affecting the heat load of the bed layer, resulting in insufficient temperature in the bubbling area of the bed layer to support the combustion of the materials.
[0028] The initial bed material layer of the bubbling fluidized bed 6 is realized based on externally supplemented quartz sand. Then, the dry materials and the dried wet sludge are put into the bed material layer and become part of the bed material. Finally, the ash residue generated after combustion also becomes part of the bed material.
[0029] During the combustion process, the dry sludge, the dried wet sludge, the ash residue and the quartz sand burn under high temperature and oxygen deficiency together. The dry materials and the dried wet sludge are rubbed into small particles during the combustion process, which can not only promote the more complete combustion of the sludge, but also accelerate the speed of the combustion and gasification of the sludge. Some of the small particles after combustion enter the secondary combustion chamber 3 through the smoke guide channel 2 with the flue gas for secondary combustion. The larger particles in the flue gas will settle in the secondary combustion chamber and be discharged from the bottom based on the screw discharger 18, and the smaller particles will be sent to the subsequent flue gas treatment system through the smoke exhaust channel 4 via the smoke exhaust port 5 with the high-temperature flue gas.
[0030] In specific applications, in the combustion chamber 1, only the emergency or maintenance slag discharge pipe is arranged in the bed layer area of the bubbling fluidized bed 6 to avoid heat loss during slag discharge and maintain the heat storage capacity of the bed layer. The materials are brought into the secondary combustion chamber 3 after the particle size becomes finer through continuous bubbling and friction, and slag discharge is carried out through the secondary combustion chamber, thereby reducing the unburned rate of the ash residue and improving the thermal efficiency of the incinerator.
[0031] In order to ensure that the combustion on the bubbling fluidized bed 6 can be carried out in a specified combustion mode, in specific applications, the air supply volume of the combustion-supporting air can be controlled by the temperature of the bed layer. For this purpose, an air chamber 13 and air caps 14 are also arranged in this application; the air chamber 13 is arranged below the bubbling fluidized bed 6 in the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 1, and the air caps 14 are arranged in the reaction area of the bubbling fluidized bed 6 based on the cloth sealing plate 15, and the air caps 14 are connected to the air chamber 13.
[0032] The combustion-supporting air structure in this application includes a combustion-supporting air preheater 9 and a combustion-supporting air channel 10. The combustion-supporting air preheater 9 is a heat exchange structure and is arranged on the smoke exhaust channel 4; the low-temperature inlet end of the combustion-supporting air preheater 9 is connected to the combustion-supporting air supply equipment (not marked in the figure), and the high-temperature outlet end is connected to the combustion-supporting air channel 10; the combustion-supporting air channel 10 is respectively connected to the dry air inlet 101, the combustion-supporting air inlet 301 and the air chamber 13. In specific applications, the combustion-supporting air preheater 9 is realized based on a tubular structure. The tubular combustion-supporting air preheater 9 is arranged in the inner cavity of the combustion-supporting air channel 10. When the high-temperature flue gas passes through, it exchanges heat with the low-temperature combustion-supporting air in the combustion-supporting air preheater 9, and the combustion-supporting air can be heated to 400 degrees, ensuring that no additional combustion-supporting heat needs to be added for combustion in the combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 3.
[0033] The heat exchange structure includes: a first heat exchange structure 11 and a second heat exchange structure 12; the first heat exchange structure 11 and the second heat exchange structure 12 are arranged on the flue gas passage 4 between the flue gas outlet 5 and the secondary combustion chamber 3; in this embodiment, the first heat exchange structure 11 is realized based on a membrane wall boiler, the second heat exchange structure 12 is realized based on a tubular convective superheater, and in the first heat exchange structure 11 and the second heat exchange structure 12, heat is exchanged between water and high-temperature flue gas, and the heat is recovered in the form of water vapor. As Figure 1 shown, after two heat exchanges by the first heat exchange structure 11 and the second heat exchange structure 12, the high-temperature flue gas also exchanges heat with the combustion air preheater 9 to preheat the combustion air required by the incinerator, fully recover the heat energy in the flue gas, provide part of the heat for the incinerator, ensure that the incinerator can self-sustain combustion, minimize supplementary combustion, and reduce the overall operating cost of the system.
[0034] The wet and dry sludge mixed incineration method realized based on the above H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator includes the following steps.
[0035] S1: Fill the bubbling fluidized bed with quartz sand, supplement the preheated fluidizing air to form a bubbling fluidized state, and then heat up and start the furnace.
[0036] S2: In order to further dry the wet sludge when it falls into the bubbling fluidized bed, high-calorific value dry materials (dry sludge or other high-calorific value general industrial solid wastes) can be first sent into the bubbling fluidized bed 6 for incineration to increase the bed temperature and heat storage;
[0037] S3: Spray the wet sludge from the top of the incineration chamber 1 through the wet sludge feed spray gun 8; at the same time, spray high-temperature combustion air in the same direction as the wet sludge from the dry air inlet to ensure that the sprayed dry sludge can be dried as much as possible during the falling process;
[0038] S4: The wet sludge falling onto the bubbling fluidized bed is mixed with the dry sludge in a high-temperature combustion state to ensure that the wet sludge can be ignited. At the same time, the bed material of the bubbling fluidized bed includes quartz sand, and all solid substances are rubbed and incinerated into small particles. The tiny particles enter the secondary combustion chamber together with the flue gas through the H-shaped structure.
[0039] The wet and dry sludge mixture on the bubbling fluidized bed 6 burns in an oxygen-deficient combustion mode, controls the excess air amount at about 1.0, and controls the material incineration temperature of the bubbling fluidized bed 6 at about 600 degrees to ensure that the wet and dry sludge mixture can burn completely, and further ensure that the organic matter in the sludge can be completely removed during the combustion process, reducing the process of removing organic matter in the subsequent flue gas tail gas treatment;
[0040] S5: The flue gas generated on the bubbling fluidized bed 6 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 3 through the flue gas guiding channel 2 for secondary combustion. In the existing structure, in the integrated incinerator, in the upper high-temperature section, both the flue gas and the solids entrained in the flue gas are incinerated, and the temperature must be greater than 850 °C, which requires additional combustion-supporting heat. In this application, only part of the particles and combustible gases enter the secondary combustion chamber along with the flue gas. As the flue gas rises in the secondary combustion chamber, the flow rate decreases, and part of the particulate matter in the flue gas will naturally settle to the bottom. Therefore, the larger particulate matter in the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber of this application does not participate in combustion. After the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber reaches 850 °C, the decomposition of the flue gas can be achieved. At the same time, heat is released during the combustion process of the combustible gases in the flue gas. Combined with the heat-exchanged combustion-supporting air entering from the combustion-supporting air inlet 301, the combustion temperature of the secondary combustion chamber can be satisfied without additional heat. The ash entrained in the flue gas and the solid ash generated during combustion settle to the lower part and are discharged through the screw discharger 18 at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 3;
[0041] S6: The high-temperature flue gas after secondary combustion enters the smoke exhaust channel 4 from the top of the secondary combustion chamber 3 and exchanges heat with the heat exchange structure arranged in the smoke exhaust channel 4;
[0042] S7: The low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the smoke exhaust port 5.
[0043] After using the technical solution of the present utility model, the wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator is characterized by wet and dry sludge mixed incineration. The dry material incinerated in the bed layer of the bubbling fluidized bed 6 on the left has a relatively high calorific value, which can ensure the full gasification and combustion of organic matter. The wet sludge is fully dried during the process of flowing downward along with the flue gas from the top of the furnace, ensuring sufficient dryness when falling into the bed layer to ensure self-ignition. After the low-temperature wet flue gas generated during the dryification process of the wet sludge is mixed with the unburned combustible high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature ash generated by under-oxygen combustion in the bed layer, the temperature of the flue gas is increased. Together with the preheated combustion-supporting air, it enters the secondary combustion chamber for secondary full combustion, ensuring the full decomposition of pollutants. In addition, as the flue gas rises in the secondary combustion chamber, the flow rate decreases, and part of the particulate matter in the flue gas can be separated, without burning all the particulate matter, improving the thermal efficiency of the incineration process. After the high-temperature ash slag entering the secondary combustion chamber from the bubbling bed is mixed and heat-exchanged with the high-humidity and low-temperature flue gas of the wet sludge, the temperature of the ash slag settled and discharged in the secondary combustion chamber is relatively low. Compared with the conventional technology of discharging high-temperature slag from the incinerator, the heat carried away by the ash slag from the incinerator is relatively low, achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Claims
1. A H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator, comprising: An incinerator and a heat exchange structure, the heat exchange structure being connected and arranged on the smoke exhaust passage of the incinerator; It is characterized in that: The incinerator is of an H-shaped structure, with the incineration chamber on the left and the secondary combustion chamber on the right. The incineration chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are connected through a smoke guiding passage; A wet sludge feeding spray gun and a drying air inlet for wet sludge drying are arranged at the top of the incineration chamber. A bubbling fluidized bed is arranged directly below the wet sludge feeding spray gun in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber, and a dry material feeding port is arranged on one side above the bubbling fluidized bed; The smoke guiding passage is arranged between the wet sludge feeding spray gun and the bubbling fluidized bed, adjacent to the bubbling fluidized bed side; A smoke exhaust passage is arranged at the top of the secondary combustion chamber, and a screw discharger for ash material is arranged at the bottom; The smoke exhaust passage is connected to a smoke exhaust port, and the smoke exhaust port is connected to a flue gas treatment system.
2. The H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: It further includes: an air chamber and air caps; The air chamber is arranged in the inner cavity of the incineration chamber below the bubbling fluidized bed, and the air caps are arranged in the reaction area of the bubbling fluidized bed. The air caps are connected to the air chamber.
3. The H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes a combustion-supporting air inlet, and the combustion-supporting air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber.
4. The H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator according to claim 3, wherein: It further includes a combustion-supporting air structure, and the combustion-supporting air structure includes a combustion-supporting air preheater and a combustion-supporting air passage. The combustion-supporting air preheater is a heat exchange structure and is arranged on the smoke exhaust passage; The low-temperature inlet end of the combustion-supporting air preheater is connected to a combustion-supporting air supply device, and the high-temperature outlet end is connected to the combustion-supporting air passage; The combustion-supporting air passage is respectively connected to the drying air inlet, the combustion-supporting air inlet and the air chamber.
5. The H-type dry and wet sludge mixed incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: The heat exchange structure includes: a first heat exchange structure and a second heat exchange structure; The first heat exchange structure and the second heat exchange structure are arranged on the smoke exhaust passage between the smoke exhaust port and the secondary combustion chamber.
6. The H-type wet and dry sludge mixed incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first heat exchange structure is realized based on a water wall boiler, and the second heat exchange structure is realized based on a tubular convective superheater.