Full-automatic take-up device for metal wires

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of wire rod production, particularly relates to a full-automatic metal wire rod take-up device, and aims to solve the problems that wire rods cannot be guided when the wire rods are wound after entering water, so that the wire rods are easily accumulated in a certain area on a reel and cannot be uniformly distributed when the wire rods are wound in the conventional technical scheme. According to the technical scheme, the take-up device comprises a base, a vertical plate is fixedly installed on the top of the base, a driving motor is fixedly installed on one side of the vertical plate, an output shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the vertical plate and is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, and the take-up device further comprises a fixing mechanism which is installed on the rotating shaft. According to the wire winding device, the wire can be evenly wound on the reel, so that the wire can be prevented from being stacked at a certain position on the reel, meanwhile, when the wire is wound, it can be guaranteed that the wire is tightly wound on the reel, and therefore the wire winding device has good practicability in actual use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of wire production, in particular to a fully automatic wire winding device for metal wires. Background Art

[0002] During the winding process of metal wires, a winding device is used for winding to facilitate the packaging and transportation of metal wires. According to the wire material spool winding device with the publication number: CN215710775U, through the combined use of a guide rod, a fixing plate, a connecting plate, a limiting wheel, a support seat and a hydraulic cylinder, the winding device can automatically lift the winding spool through the drive of the hydraulic cylinder, and at the same time, limit the connecting rod through the cooperation of the limiting wheel, the first driving wheel and the second driving wheel, thereby realizing the automatic installation and disassembly of the winding spool. At the same time, the winding device can drive the winding spool to rotate through the drive of the first synchronous motor and the second synchronous motor to realize the winding of metal wires.

[0003] When the above technical solution winds the wire, it cannot guide the wire, so that when winding the wire, the wire is likely to accumulate in a certain area of the reel and cannot be evenly distributed. Therefore, we propose a fully automatic wire winding device for metal wires to solve the above problems. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the defect that the existing technical solution cannot guide the wire when winding the wire, so that when winding the wire, the wire is likely to accumulate in a certain area of the reel and cannot be evenly distributed, and a fully automatic wire winding device for metal wires is proposed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A fully automatic wire winding device for metal wires includes a base, a vertical plate is fixedly installed on the top of the base, a driving motor is fixedly installed on one side of the vertical plate, the output shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the vertical plate and is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft. The winding device further includes:

[0007] A fixing mechanism is installed on the rotating shaft, and a reel is installed on the fixing mechanism for winding the wire;

[0008] A guiding mechanism is installed on the other side of the vertical plate, and the guiding mechanism is in transmission cooperation with the fixing mechanism;

[0009] A wire bundling mechanism is installed on the top of the base for limiting the wire.

[0010] In a possible design, the fixing mechanism includes a threaded tube fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, the reel is sleeved on the threaded tube, a driving gear located on one side of the threaded tube is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, a fixing nut is threadedly connected to the threaded tube, and the fixing nut cooperates with the driving gear to clamp and limit the reel.

[0011] In a possible design, the guiding mechanism includes a reciprocating lead screw rotatably connected to the other side of the vertical plate, a driven gear is fixedly sleeved on the reciprocating lead screw, the driven gear meshes with the driving gear, a transmission nut is threadedly sleeved on the reciprocating lead screw, a transmission assembly is connected to the transmission nut, the transmission assembly is respectively connected to the other side of the vertical plate and one end of the reciprocating lead screw, and a limiting assembly is installed at the top of the transmission assembly for guiding and conveying the wire.

[0012] In a possible design, the transmission assembly includes a first limiting rod fixedly installed on the other side of the vertical plate, a connecting plate is fixedly installed at one end of the first limiting rod, the bottom of one side of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to one end of the reciprocating lead screw, a moving rod is slidably sleeved on the first limiting rod, and the bottom end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the transmission nut.

[0013] In a possible design, the limiting assembly includes a fixing seat fixedly installed at the top end of the moving rod, a fixing hole is formed in the fixing seat, a clamping plate is slidably connected in the fixing hole, a regulating screw is rotatably connected to the top of the clamping plate, the top end of the regulating screw penetrates through the top inner wall of the fixing hole and extends above the fixing seat, and the regulating screw is threadedly connected to the top inner wall of the fixing hole.

[0014] In a possible design, the wire bundling mechanism includes an L-shaped frame fixedly installed on the top of the base, a transmission rod is slidably connected through the L-shaped frame, a clamping groove is formed on one side of the top of the transmission rod, an elastic component is installed on the top of the base, the elastic component is movably clamped with the clamping groove, a second limiting rod is slidably connected through the top inner wall of the L-shaped frame, a lower supporting plate is fixedly installed at the top end of the second limiting rod, an L-shaped rod is fixedly installed on the other side of the top of the transmission rod, a side baffle is fixedly installed at the top end of the L-shaped rod, both the lower supporting plate and the side baffle are used for pressing and limiting the wire wound on the reel, and a pull rod is rotatably connected to the second limiting rod, and the bottom end of the pull rod is rotatably connected to one side of the L-shaped rod.

[0015] In a possible design, the elastic component includes a limiting plate fixedly installed on the top of the base. A moving plate is slidably connected through the limiting plate. A clamping rod is slidably connected through the moving plate. The bottom end of the clamping rod extends into the clamping groove and is clamped with the clamping groove. A tension spring is sleeved on the clamping rod and is located above the moving plate. The top end and the bottom end of the tension spring are respectively fixedly connected with the top end of the clamping rod and the top of the moving plate. A sliding rod is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the limiting plate and is located above the moving plate. A sliding ring is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod. The sliding ring is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the moving plate. A compression spring is sleeved on the sliding rod. The two ends of the compression spring are respectively fixedly connected with one side of the limiting plate and one side of the sliding ring.

[0016] In this application, first, the reel is sleeved on the threaded tube so that the reel contacts one side of the driving gear. Then, the fixing nut is threadedly connected to the threaded tube to fix and limit the reel by using the fixing nut. After that, the wire is passed through the fixing hole and fixed on the reel. At this time, the adjusting screw can be twisted to drive the clamping plate to move downward to clamp the wire by using the clamping plate. In this way, when the wire is being wound, a certain pulling force can be provided for the wire, so that when the wire is being wound, the wire can be straightened. Then, the transmission rod can be pulled. At this time, the L-shaped rod can be driven to approach the reel, so that the side baffle contacts the reel. At the same time, when the L-shaped rod moves, under the pushing action of the pull rod, the second limiting rod can be driven to move upward, so that the lower supporting plate contacts the reel. After the clamping groove on the transmission rod is moved to a position corresponding to the clamping rod, the clamping rod can be released at this time. The tension spring in the stressed state can pull the clamping rod downward to insert the clamping rod into the clamping groove and be clamped with the transmission rod. Then, the driving motor can be started to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. At this time, the reel can be driven to rotate, and the wire can be wound. And when the rotating shaft rotates, the driving gear can be driven to rotate. At this time, under the meshing transmission action with the driven gear, the reciprocating lead screw can be driven to rotate. In this way, under the transmission action with the transmission nut, the moving rod can be driven to perform a horizontal reciprocating movement along the first limiting rod. At this time, the fixed seat can be driven to perform a horizontal reciprocating movement, so that the wire can be horizontally guided and the wire can be evenly wound on the reel. And after the wire is wound on the reel, the winding thickness will gradually increase, which can drive the lower supporting plate to move downward and the side baffle to move away from the reel. When the lower supporting plate moves downward, it can cooperate with the side baffle through the thrust of the pull rod to drive the transmission rod to move. At this time, the moving plate can be driven to move, and then the sliding ring can be driven to move horizontally along the sliding rod. At this time, the compression spring can be compressed so that the compression spring has elastic potential energy. Then, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring can act on the lower supporting plate and the side baffle in the reverse direction, so as to be able to tightly limit the wire when the wire is being wound.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] In the present utility model, for the full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire, through the fixing mechanism, the reel can be sleeved on the threaded tube, making one side of the reel contact with the driving gear. Then, the fixing nut is threadedly connected to the threaded tube, and the reel is fixed and limited by the fixing nut.

[0019] In the present utility model, for the full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire, through the guiding mechanism, when the driving gear rotates, under the meshing and driving action with the driven gear, the reciprocating lead screw can be driven to rotate. At this time, under the threaded driving action with the driving nut, the driving assembly can be driven to move horizontally back and forth. When the wire passes through the limiting assembly, during the coiling of the wire, the horizontal position of the wire can be adjusted so that the wire can be evenly wound around the reel.

[0020] In the present utility model, for the full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire, through the wire bundling mechanism, after the elastic component is clamped to the transmission rod, the transmission rod can be elastically limited. During the process of the reel winding the wire, the number of layers of the wire gradually increases, which can drive the lower supporting plate to move downward and the side baffle to move away from the reel. When the lower supporting plate moves downward, it can cooperate with the side baffle through the thrust of the pull rod to drive the transmission rod to move, so that the elastic component is in a stressed state. The elastic component in the stressed state can feedback its elastic potential energy to the lower supporting plate and the side baffle, making the lower supporting plate have an upward force and the side baffle have a force approaching the reel, so as to press the wire and make the wire tightly wound around the reel.

[0021] The present utility model can evenly wind the wire around the reel when coiling the wire, thereby preventing the wire from accumulating at a certain place on the reel. At the same time, when coiling the wire, it can ensure that the wire is tightly wound around the reel, so it has good practicability in actual use. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the first perspective of a full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire proposed by the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the second perspective of a full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire proposed by the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the connection structure of the reciprocating lead screw, connecting plate, first limiting rod, driving nut, moving rod and fixing seat of a full-automatic wire coiling device for metal wire proposed by the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 4Three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection structure of the L-shaped frame, transmission rod, lower support plate, side baffle, limiting plate, moving plate and sliding rod of a fully automatic wire winding device proposed by the present utility model.

[0026] In the figure: 1, base; 2, vertical plate; 3, driving motor; 4, rotating shaft; 5, threaded tube; 6, driving gear; 7, fixing nut; 8, winding shaft; 9, reciprocating lead screw; 10, driven gear; 11, transmission nut; 12, connecting plate; 13, first limiting rod; 14, moving rod; 15, fixing seat; 16, fixing hole; 17, clamping plate; 18, adjusting screw; 19, L-shaped frame; 20, transmission rod; 21, second limiting rod; 22, lower support plate; 23, L-shaped rod; 24, side baffle; 25, pull rod; 26, limiting plate; 27, moving plate; 28, clamping rod; 29, tension spring; 30, sliding rod; 31, sliding ring; 32, compression spring. Specific embodiments

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Referring to Figures 1-4 , a wire winding device, on the top of the base 1, a vertical plate 2 is fixedly installed vertically to ensure the stability of the overall structure. On one side of the vertical plate 2, a driving motor 3 is fixedly installed, and the output shaft of the driving motor 3 penetrates through the vertical plate 2, and a rotating shaft 4 is fixedly installed on this output shaft. In this way, the rotation of the driving motor 3 can be transmitted to the subsequent mechanism through the rotating shaft 4.

[0030] Next, we install the fixing mechanism. The core component of the fixing mechanism is a threaded tube 5, which is tightly and rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft 4. On the outside of the threaded tube 5, a winding shaft 8 is sleeved, and the winding shaft 8 is used for actually winding the metal wire. To fix the winding shaft 8, a driving gear 6 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 4, which is located on one side of the threaded tube 5. Subsequently, a fixing nut 7 is threadedly connected to the threaded tube 5, and this fixing nut 7 cooperates with the driving gear 6. After the winding shaft 8 is placed on the threaded tube 5 and contacts one side of the driving gear 6, by rotating the fixing nut 7, the firm clamping and limiting of the winding shaft 8 can be achieved.

[0031] Then, we set up a guiding mechanism to ensure that the wire can be wound evenly. The guiding mechanism mainly includes a reciprocating lead screw 9, which is rotatably connected to the other side of the vertical plate 2. On the reciprocating lead screw 9, we fixedly sleeved a driven gear 10, which meshes with the driving gear 6. In this way, when the driving motor 3 drives the rotating shaft 4 and the driving gear 6 to rotate, the driven gear 10 will rotate accordingly, and then drive the reciprocating lead screw 9 to rotate. On the reciprocating lead screw 9, we threadedly sleeved a transmission nut 11, which forms a threaded transmission relationship with the reciprocating lead screw 9. A set of transmission components is connected to the transmission nut 11. This component includes a first limiting rod 13 fixedly installed on the other side of the vertical plate 2. One end of the first limiting rod 13 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 12. The bottom of one side of the connecting plate 12 is rotatably connected to one end of the reciprocating lead screw 9 to ensure the stable rotation of the reciprocating lead screw 9. On the first limiting rod 13, we slidably sleeved a moving rod 14, and the bottom end of the moving rod 14 is fixedly connected to the transmission nut 11. In this way, when the reciprocating lead screw 9 rotates, the transmission nut 11 will perform a horizontal reciprocating motion along the reciprocating lead screw 9, and then drive the moving rod 14 to perform the same motion.

[0032] To guide the wire, we fixedly installed a fixing seat 15 at the top of the moving rod 14. A fixing hole 16 is opened in the fixing seat 15. Inside the fixing hole 16, we slidably connected a clamping plate 17 for clamping the wire. The top of the clamping plate 17 is rotatably connected to an adjusting screw 18. The top end of the adjusting screw 18 penetrates through the top inner wall of the fixing hole 16 and extends above the fixing seat 15, and forms a threaded connection with the top inner wall of the fixing hole 16. In this way, by rotating the adjusting screw 18, we can adjust the position of the clamping plate 17, so as to clamp the wire passing through the fixing hole 16.

[0033] Finally, we install a wire bundling mechanism, which is installed on the top of the base 1 and is used for the preliminary limiting and sorting of the wire to ensure that the wire is in a stable state before entering the winding process.

[0034] When the driving motor 3 starts, it drives the rotating shaft 4 and the driving gear 6 to rotate, and then drives the reciprocating lead screw 9 to rotate through the driven gear 10. At this time, the transmission nut 11 makes a horizontal reciprocating motion under the action of the thread transmission of the reciprocating lead screw 9, driving the moving rod 14 and the fixed seat 15 to move together. The wire passes through the fixing hole 16 and is clamped by the clamping plate 17. As the fixed seat 15 moves horizontally, the wire can be evenly wound around the reel 8 during the winding process. At the same time, the wire bundling mechanism preliminarily arranges the wire to ensure the smooth progress of the winding process. Construct the structure of the wire bundling mechanism. On the top of the base 1, an L-shaped frame 19 is fixedly installed, and the L-shaped frame 19 is used to support and guide the subsequent components. On the vertical part of the L-shaped frame 19, a through chute is provided for slidably connecting the transmission rod 20. On one side of the top of the transmission rod 20, a clamping groove is designed for clamping with the subsequent elastic component.

[0035] In order to elastically limit the transmission rod 20, a set of elastic components is installed on the top of the base 1. This set of elastic components includes a limit plate 26 fixedly installed on the top of the base 1. On the limit plate 26, a moving plate 27 is slidably connected through it, so that the moving plate 27 can move up and down along the limit plate 26. On the moving plate 27, a clamping rod 28 is slidably connected through it. The bottom end of the clamping rod 28 extends into the clamping groove at the top of the transmission rod 20 and is clamped with the clamping groove, so as to fix and limit the transmission rod 20. At the same time, in order to provide elastic force, a tension spring 29 is sleeved on the clamping rod 28, and the top end and the bottom end of the tension spring 29 are respectively fixedly connected to the top end of the clamping rod 28 and the top of the moving plate 27.

[0036] This application can be used in the technical field of wire production, and can also be used in other fields applicable to this application.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] Reference Figure 4 , on the basis of Embodiment 1, an improvement is made: a fully automatic wire winding device for metal wires, which is applied to the technical field of wire production. In order to further stabilize the movement of the moving plate 27, a sliding rod 30 is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the limit plate 26, and the sliding rod 30 is located above the moving plate 27. On the sliding rod 30, a sliding ring 31 is slidably sleeved, and the sliding ring 31 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the moving plate 27. In addition, in order to increase the stability of the moving plate 27 during the movement and provide additional elastic force, a compression spring 32 is sleeved on the sliding rod 30, and the two ends of the compression spring 32 are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the limit plate 26 and one side of the sliding ring 31.

[0039] Next, we set the lower support plate 22 and the side baffle 24 to achieve the pressing and limiting of the wire. On the inner wall of the top of the L-shaped frame 19, we slidably connected a second limiting rod 21 through it. The top of the second limiting rod 21 is fixedly installed with a lower support plate 22, which is used to support and press the wire from below. At the same time, on the other side of the top of the transmission rod 20, we fixedly installed an L-shaped rod 23, and the top of the L-shaped rod 23 is fixedly installed with a side baffle 24, which is used to press the wire from the side.

[0040] To achieve the linkage of the lower support plate 22 and the side baffle 24, we rotatably connected a pull rod 25 to the second limiting rod 21, and the bottom end of the pull rod 25 is rotatably connected to one side of the L-shaped rod 23. In this way, when the lower support plate 22 moves downward due to the increase in the number of wire layers, the pull rod 25 will rotate accordingly, and push the L-shaped rod 23 and the side baffle 24 to move away from the reel 8 by its thrust. At the same time, due to the clamping relationship between the transmission rod 20 and the elastic component, the downward movement of the lower support plate 22 will also drive the transmission rod 20 to move, making the tension spring 29 in a stretched state and compressing the compression spring 32.

[0041] During the wire winding process, as the number of wire layers increases, the lower support plate 22 and the side baffle 24 will gradually move downward and outward. At this time, the elastic potential energy of the tension spring 29 and the compression spring 32 will gradually accumulate. When the wire winding reaches a certain extent, the elastic forces of the tension spring 29 and the compression spring 32 will act on the lower support plate 22 and the side baffle 24 in the opposite direction, making them have an upward force and a force approaching the reel 8 respectively. In this way, the wire can be tightly pressed and limited to ensure that the wire can be tightly wound around the reel 8.

[0042] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principle and wiring method of the drive motor 3 are common knowledge, and they all belong to conventional means or well-known common sense, so they will not be elaborated here. Those skilled in the art can make any selection according to their needs or convenience.

[0043] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic wire winding device for metal wire, comprising a base (1), a vertical plate (2) is fixedly installed on the top of the base (1), a driving motor (3) is fixedly installed on one side of the vertical plate (2), the output shaft of the driving motor (3) penetrates through the vertical plate (2) and is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft (4), characterized in that, The wire take-up device further includes: A fixing mechanism which is installed on the rotating shaft (4). A reel (8) is installed on the fixing mechanism, and the reel (8) is used for winding the wire. A guiding mechanism which is installed on the other side of the vertical plate (2). The guiding mechanism is in transmission cooperation with the fixing mechanism. A wire bundling mechanism which is installed on the top of the base (1). The wire bundling mechanism is used for limiting the wire.

2. The fully automatic wire collecting device for metal wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing mechanism includes a threaded tube (5) fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft (4). The reel (8) is sleeved on the threaded tube (5). A driving gear (6) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft (4) and located on one side of the threaded tube (5). A fixing nut (7) is threadedly connected to the threaded tube (5), and the fixing nut (7) cooperates with the driving gear (6) to clamp and limit the reel (8).

3. The fully automatic wire collecting device for metal wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism includes a reciprocating lead screw (9) rotatably connected to the other side of the vertical plate (2). A driven gear (10) is fixedly sleeved on the reciprocating lead screw (9). The driven gear (10) meshes with the driving gear (6). A transmission nut (11) is threadedly sleeved on the reciprocating lead screw (9). A transmission component is connected to the transmission nut (11). The transmission component is respectively connected to the other side of the vertical plate (2) and one end of the reciprocating lead screw (9). A limiting component is installed on the top of the transmission component, and the limiting component is used for guiding and conveying the wire.

4. The fully automatic wire coiling device for metal wire according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission component includes a first limiting rod (13) fixedly installed on the other side of the vertical plate (2). One end of the first limiting rod (13) is fixedly installed with a connecting plate (12). The bottom of one side of the connecting plate (12) is rotatably connected to one end of the reciprocating lead screw (9). A moving rod (14) is slidably sleeved on the first limiting rod (13). The bottom end of the moving rod (14) is fixedly connected to the transmission nut (11).

5. A fully automatic wire collecting device for metal wire according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The limiting component includes a fixing seat (15) fixedly installed at the top end of the moving rod (14). A fixing hole (16) is formed in the fixing seat (15). A clamping plate (17) is slidably connected in the fixing hole (16). An adjusting screw (18) is rotatably connected to the top of the clamping plate (17). The top end of the adjusting screw (18) penetrates through the top inner wall of the fixing hole (16) and extends above the fixing seat (15). The adjusting screw (18) is threadedly connected to the top inner wall of the fixing hole (16).

6. The fully automatic wire collecting device for metal wire according to claim 1, wherein, The wire bundling mechanism includes an L-shaped frame (19) fixedly installed on the top of the base (1). A transmission rod (20) is slidably connected through the L-shaped frame (19). A clamping groove is formed on one side of the top of the transmission rod (20). An elastic component is installed on the top of the base (1), and the elastic component is movably clamped with the clamping groove. A second limiting rod (21) is slidably connected through the top inner wall of the L-shaped frame (19). A lower supporting plate (22) is fixedly installed at the top end of the second limiting rod (21). An L-shaped rod (23) is fixedly installed on the other side of the top of the transmission rod (20). A side baffle (24) is fixedly installed at the top end of the L-shaped rod (23). Both the lower supporting plate (22) and the side baffle (24) are used for pressing and limiting the wire wound on the reel (8). A pull rod (25) is rotatably connected to the second limiting rod (21). The bottom end of the pull rod (25) is rotatably connected to one side of the L-shaped rod (23).

7. The fully automatic wire collecting device for metal wire according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic component includes a limit plate (26) fixedly installed on the top of the base (1). A moving plate (27) is slidably connected through the limit plate (26). A clamping rod (28) is slidably connected through the moving plate (27). The bottom end of the clamping rod (28) extends into the clamping groove and is clamped with the clamping groove. A tension spring (29) is sleeved on the clamping rod (28) and is located above the moving plate (27). The top end and the bottom end of the tension spring (29) are respectively fixedly connected to the top end of the clamping rod (28) and the top of the moving plate (27). A sliding rod (30) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the limit plate (26) and is located above the moving plate (27). A sliding ring (31) is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod (30). The sliding ring (31) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the moving plate (27). A compression spring (32) is sleeved on the sliding rod (30). The two ends of the compression spring (32) are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the limit plate (26) and one side of the sliding ring (31).

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