Large reaction gas distributor of hexamethylenediamine device
By designing a reaction gas distributor, the problem of uneven catalyst distribution is solved, the uniform distribution of reaction gas and the life of the catalyst are realized, and the catalytic conversion rate and service life are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422365612.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-27
AI Technical Summary
In the existing hexanediamine reactor, the uneven distribution of the catalyst causes the reaction gas to be unable to be evenly distributed, affecting the catalytic conversion rate, and the service life of the catalyst is difficult to accurately detect.
A large-scale reaction gas distributor of hexanediamine device including a reaction tube, a buffer mechanism, a collection mechanism and a clamping mechanism is designed. By controlling the flow rate and flow rate of the reaction gas, the reaction gas is evenly distributed, the catalyst dust is collected and the catalyst state is detected to ensure the catalytic conversion rate.
The uniform distribution of the reaction gas is achieved, the catalytic conversion rate is improved, and the service life of the catalyst is extended through dust collection and state detection.
Smart Images
Figure CN223170875U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of hexamethylenediamine production devices, and particularly relates to a large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device. Background Art
[0002] The hexamethylenediamine reactor is the core equipment for producing hexamethylenediamine. Through a specific chemical reaction, adiponitrile is hydrogenated to produce hexamethylenediamine. The main function of the hexamethylenediamine reactor is to hydrogenate adiponitrile to produce hexamethylenediamine under the action of a catalyst. This process is usually carried out under high pressure and high temperature. The most common method for producing hexamethylenediamine is to hydrogenate adiponitrile at a certain temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to produce hexamethylenediamine. This process can be divided into two stages: the first stage is the process for producing adiponitrile, and the second stage is the process for producing hexamethylenediamine from adiponitrile.
[0003] Therefore, based on the existing hexamethylenediamine reactors, most of them are shell-and-tube reactors. The catalyst is placed inside the heat exchange tubes, and the reaction gas flows downward through the catalyst bed layer inside the tubes for gas-phase reaction. However, during this process, the airflow entering the catalytic reactor cannot be evenly distributed across the entire cross-section, resulting in the inability to evenly pass through each tube filled with the catalyst. At the same time, the catalyst is placed in a particulate state inside the heat exchange tubes. When the catalyst particles are relatively close, it will cause poor circulation of the reaction gas, reduce the flow rate of the reaction gas, and prolong the gas-phase reaction time. When the catalyst particles are relatively loose, it will cause rapid gas circulation, increase the flow rate of the reaction gas, and shorten the gas-phase reaction time, resulting in different residence times of the reaction gas in each tube and different amounts of heat absorbed. At the same time, it is impossible to accurately detect the service life of the catalyst particles, which directly affects the catalytic conversion rate. For this reason, we propose a large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device, which has the advantages of uniform gas-phase reaction, etc., and solves a series of problems such as low catalytic conversion rate.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solution: A large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device, including,
[0006] A reactor, which is used for heat conversion and gas-phase reaction of the reaction gas. The reactor includes a reaction shell, and a buffer mechanism is fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the reaction shell. The buffer mechanism is used to buffer the reaction gas flowing downward. A heat converter is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reaction shell, and a number of installation tubes are fixedly installed inside the heat converter;
[0007] A collection mechanism for centrally collecting dust and indirectly detecting the state of the catalyst. The collection mechanism includes a second collection plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell, and a number of dust-stopping frames are fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate.
[0008] A reaction tube for detecting the reaction gas flow rate passing through the catalyst and adjusting the reaction gas flow rate at the same time. The reaction tube includes a reaction tube column movably inserted inside the installation tube. A clamping mechanism is provided at the top of the reaction tube column. A first ventilation net is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction tube column, and a second ventilation net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction tube column. A catalyst is placed on the top of the first ventilation net. A first communication rod is fixedly connected inside the first ventilation net, a second communication rod is fixedly connected inside the first communication rod, a second airbag is connected to the bottom of the first communication rod, and a first airbag is connected to the bottom of the second communication rod.
[0009] Preferably, a number of sliding blocks are slidably connected inside the second communication rod. Spring rods are fixedly connected to the tops of the sliding blocks. Oscillating balls are fixedly connected to the tops of the spring rods. The sliding blocks are fixedly connected together through a connecting plate. A number of shifting rods are fixedly connected inside the second communication rod, and each shifting rod is adapted to the adjacent spring rod and oscillating ball. A driven airbag is slidably connected inside the second communication rod, and the top and bottom of the driven airbag abut against the bottom of the sliding block.
[0010] Preferably, a number of extension rods are connected to the outside of the first communication rod. A number of air jet holes are provided on the outside of the extension rods. A fixing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension rods. A driving spring is fixedly connected to the right side of the fixing ring. A first slider is fixedly connected to the right side of the driving spring, and the first slider is airtightly slidably connected inside the extension rod.
[0011] Preferably, a limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension rod. A second slider is slidably connected inside the extension rod. Connecting rods are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the second slider and the first slider. Magnetic attraction blocks are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two connecting rods. The second slider is airtightly slidably connected inside the extension rod.
[0012] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes a buffer frame fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell. A number of buffer rings are fixedly connected to the top of the second airbag. The radii of the buffer rings gradually decrease from outside to inside. A buffer spring is movably sleeved outside the buffer ring. A number of buffer plates are fixedly connected to the outside of the buffer spring, and the buffer plates are all in an S shape.
[0013] Preferably, the collection mechanism further includes a first collection plate fixedly placed at the bottom of the inner wall of the reaction shell. The top of the first collection plate is fixedly connected with an air outlet net. The outside of the air outlet net is fixedly sleeved with an ash-proof sleeve. The second collection plate is fixedly connected to the top of the air outlet net.
[0014] Preferably, a frustum is fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate. A thermal sensor is fixedly installed inside the frustum. A mimic stand is fixedly connected to the top of the first collection plate. The mimic stand is arranged on the top of the frustum.
[0015] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes two swing rods rotatably connected to the top of the reaction tube. The tops of the two swing rods are both rotatably connected with arc-shaped blocks. A strut spring is fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two arc-shaped blocks. The tops of the two arc-shaped blocks are both fixedly connected with drive frames. The outsides of the two arc-shaped blocks are both adapted to the inner wall of the installation tube.
[0016] Preferably, the gas flow rate of the second air-permeable net is equal to the gas flow rate of the first air-permeable net.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model provides a large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device, having the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. The utility model can control the flow rate and flow volume of the reaction gas entering the reaction tube according to the air pressure principle by arranging the reaction tube:
[0019] In the first case, when the flow rate of the reaction gas is fast and the flow volume is large, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are large. At this time, the catalysts are closely moved together to reduce the gas flow performance of the reaction gas and improve the catalytic conversion rate.
[0020] In the second case, when the flow rate of the reaction gas is slow and the flow volume is small, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are small. At this time, the gaps between the catalysts are increased to increase the flow rate and flow volume of the reaction gas inside the reaction tube, and to avoid the long gas-phase reaction time and excessive heat absorption affecting the catalytic conversion rate.
[0021] 2. The utility model can reduce the flow potential energy of the ejected reaction gas through the arranged buffer mechanism, so that the pressure of the reaction gas is evenly distributed inside the reactor, and can perform self-adjustment according to the size of the flow potential energy.
[0022] 3. The utility model can collect the dust after the catalyst is carbonized through the arranged collection mechanism, separate it from the gas that has completed the gas-phase reaction, and accurately monitor the service life of the catalyst according to the collected carbonized dust, so as to improve the catalytic conversion rate.
[0023] 4. The utility model is linked with the collection mechanism through the reaction tube arranged, and can collect the dust after the catalyst is carbonized during the process of adjusting the flow rate and flow of the reaction gas inside the reaction tube. While improving the catalytic conversion rate, it can also accurately monitor the service life of the catalyst according to the collected carbonized dust. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0026] Figure 3 It is a structure schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism part of the utility model.
[0027] Figure 4 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the reaction tube of the utility model.
[0028] Figure 5 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the first connecting rod of the utility model.
[0029] Figure 6 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the extension rod of the utility model.
[0030] Figure 7 It is a structure schematic diagram of the buffer mechanism part of the utility model.
[0031] Figure 8 It is a structure schematic diagram of the collection mechanism part of the utility model.
[0032] Figure 9 is Figure 8 the enlarged structure schematic diagram of part A.
[0033] In the figure: 1, reactor; 2, reaction tube; 3, buffer mechanism; 4, collection mechanism; 5, heat converter; 6, installation tube; 7, reaction tube array; 8, swing rod; 9, arc-shaped block; 10, drive frame; 11, support and press spring; 12, first ventilation net; 13, second ventilation net; 14, first connecting rod; 15, extension rod; 16, second connecting rod; 17, first airbag; 18, driven airbag; 19, sliding block; 20, spring rod; 21, oscillation ball; 22, connecting plate; 23, second airbag; 24, air injection hole; 25, fixing ring; 26, drive spring; 27, first slider; 28, connecting rod; 29, second slider; 30, limiting ring; 31, magnetic attraction block; 32, buffer frame; 33, buffer ring; 34, buffer spring; 35, buffer plate; 36, first collection plate; 37, air outlet net; 38, ash stopping sleeve; 39, second collection plate; 40, ash stopping frame; 41, lever; 42, frustum; 43, heat sensor; 44, imitation frame; 45, reaction shell; 46, clamping mechanism. Specific embodiments
[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0035] As introduced in the background art, there are deficiencies in the prior art. To solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device.
[0036] In a typical embodiment of the present application, as Figures 1-9 shown, a large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device includes
[0037] A reactor 1, the reactor 1 is used for heat conversion and gas-phase reaction of reaction gases. The reactor 1 includes a reaction shell 45. A heat converter 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reaction shell 45. A plurality of installation tubes 6 are fixedly installed inside the heat converter 5. Specifically, the gas mixture of vaporized caprolactam and ammonia will be heated by the heat converter 5 and undergo a gas-phase reaction with the catalyst inside the installation tubes 6;
[0038] At the top of the inner wall of the reaction shell 45, a buffer mechanism 3 is fixedly installed. The buffer mechanism 3 is used to buffer the reaction gas flowing downward. The buffer mechanism 3 includes a buffer frame 32 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell 45. At the top of the second airbag 23, a number of buffer rings 33 are fixedly connected. The radii of the number of buffer rings 33 gradually decrease from outside to inside. A buffer spring 34 is movably sleeved outside the buffer ring 33. A number of buffer plates 35 are fixedly connected to the outside of the buffer spring 34. A number of buffer plates 35 are all in an S shape.
[0039] Through the above-mentioned mechanism set, the flow potential energy of the ejected reaction gas can be reduced, so that the pressure of the reaction gas is evenly distributed on the top of the heat converter 5. Specifically, when the reaction gas is ejected from top to bottom, at this time, the ejected gas scatters inside the reaction shell 45. However, since the reaction gas has kinetic energy when ejected, the pressure directly below the continuously ejected gas is always greater than the pressure at other positions, resulting in a normal distribution of the gas flow rate. At this time, when the reaction gas is ejected from top to bottom, due to the kinetic energy of the air flow, the top of the buffer plate 35 is squeezed, so that a number of buffer plates 35 are flipped according to the air flow pressure received, and part of the air flow is evenly distributed and diffused outward, reducing the normal distribution of the air flow, and making the gas pressure received by the top of the heat converter 5 gradually uniform. And because a number of buffer plates 35 are fixedly connected to the outside of the buffer spring 34, after a number of buffer plates 35 are flipped, the distance between a number of buffer plates 35 becomes closer, improving the effect of the air flow evenly diffusing. At the same time, the flipping of a number of buffer plates 35 forms an inverted cone below the part with the strongest kinetic energy of the air flow, diffusing the reaction gas flowing from top to bottom during the flowing process, so as to reduce the kinetic energy of the air flow and achieve the effect of equalizing the air pressure.
[0040] The reaction tube 2 is used to detect the flow rate of the reaction gas passing through the catalyst and adjust the flow rate of the reaction gas at the same time. The reaction tube 2 includes a reaction tube row 7 movably inserted inside the installation tube 6. A clamping mechanism 46 is arranged at the top of the reaction tube row 7. A first ventilation net 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction tube row 7. A second ventilation net 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction tube row 7. A catalyst is placed on the top of the first ventilation net 12. The gas flow rate of the second ventilation net 13 is equal to the gas flow rate of the first ventilation net 12.
[0041] Through the above-mentioned mechanism set, the flow rate and flow volume of the reaction gas entering the interior of the reaction tube 2 can be controlled. When the reactor 1 is operating, the air pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is the greatest at this time, and based on the principle of a flow controller formed by the gaps between the catalysts, the air pressure between the first breathable mesh 12 and the second breathable mesh 13 is less than the air pressure at the top of the heat converter 5. Also, since the gas flow rate of the second breathable mesh 13 is equal to that of the first breathable mesh 12, the air pressure between the first breathable mesh 12 and the second breathable mesh 13 can be unaffected by the total air pressure at the bottom of the heat converter 5, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the air pressure between the first breathable mesh 12 and the second breathable mesh 13;
[0042] A first connecting rod 14 is fixedly connected inside the first breathable mesh 12, a second connecting rod 16 is fixedly connected inside the first connecting rod 14, and a first airbag 17 is communicated with the bottom of the second connecting rod 16;
[0043] A number of sliding blocks 19 are slidably connected inside the second connecting rod 16. The tops of the number of sliding blocks 19 are all fixedly connected with spring rods 20. The tops of the number of spring rods 20 are all fixedly connected with oscillating balls 21. The number of sliding blocks 19 are all fixedly connected together through a connecting plate 22. A number of shift rods 41 are fixedly connected inside the second connecting rod 16. The number of shift rods 41 are all adapted to the adjacent spring rods 20 and oscillating balls 21. A driven airbag 18 is slidably connected inside the second connecting rod 16, and the top and bottom of the driven airbag 18 abut against the bottom of the sliding block 19.
[0044] Through the above-mentioned mechanism set, it is possible to adjust the flow rate of the reaction gas flowing inside the reaction tube 2 when the rapid flow of the reaction gas inside the reaction tube 2 causes a gas-phase reaction difference, so as to make the gas-phase reaction balanced. Specifically, when the flow rate of the reaction gas is fast and the flow rate is large, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are large, which affects the gas-phase reaction between the reaction gas and the catalysts. At this time, the air pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is much greater than the air pressure difference between the first ventilation net 12 and the second ventilation net 13, and the pressure acts on the outside of the first airbag 17 to squeeze the first airbag 17. The first airbag 17 is squeezed and contracted, and the gas inside the first airbag 17 is pressed into the inside of the second connecting rod 16. A large amount of gas accumulates inside the second connecting rod 16 to push the driven airbag 18 inside the second connecting rod 16 upward. The movement of the driven airbag 18 drives a plurality of sliding blocks 19 to move upward, and drives the spring rods 20 and the oscillating balls 21 at the tops of the plurality of sliding blocks 19 to move upward. During the upward movement of the sliding block 19, the bent parts outside the plurality of spring rods 20 rub against one end of the adjacent shift lever 41, causing the spring rod 20 to bend. The bending of the spring rod 20 drives the oscillating ball 21 to bend. At this time, the sliding block 19 continues to move upward, and one end of the plurality of spring rods 20 separates from the adjacent shift lever 41. At this time, the top of the spring rod 20 quickly returns to the right, and generates left and right shaking and drives the oscillating ball 21 to shake left and right, so that the force generated by the left and right shaking of the plurality of oscillating balls 21 drives the second connecting rod 16 to shake. The installation pipe 6 shakes to drive the first connecting rod 14 to shake, and the first connecting rod 14 shakes to drive the catalyst to move, so that the catalyst moves closer together during the movement, reducing the flow performance of the reaction gas.
[0045] The bottom of the first connecting rod 14 is connected and communicated with a second airbag 23. A plurality of extension rods 15 are connected and communicated with the outside of the first connecting rod 14. A plurality of air injection holes 24 are opened on the outside of the extension rods 15. A fixing ring 25 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension rod 15. A driving spring 26 is fixedly connected to the right side of the fixing ring 25. The right side of the driving spring 26 is fixedly connected to a first slider 27. The first slider 27 is hermetically slidably connected inside the extension rod 15;
[0046] A limiting ring 30 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension rod 15. A second slider 29 is slidably connected inside the extension rod 15. Connecting rods 28 are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the second slider 29 and the first slider 27. Magnetic attraction blocks 31 are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two connecting rods 28. The second slider 29 is hermetically slidably connected inside the extension rod 15.
[0047] Furthermore, in the above solution, through the above-mentioned mechanism, when the reaction gas flows slowly inside the reaction tube 2, resulting in a long gas-phase reaction time and excessive heat absorption, which affects the catalytic conversion rate, the flow rate of the reaction gas flowing inside the reaction tube 2 can be adjusted to make the gas-phase reaction balanced. Specifically, when the flow rate of the reaction gas is slow and the flow rate is small, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are small, which affects the gas-phase reaction between the reaction gas and the catalysts. At this time, the gas pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is much greater than the gas pressure between the first breathable mesh 12 and the second breathable mesh 13, causing the second airbag 23 to expand. The expansion of the second airbag 23 makes the second slider 29 slide inside the extension rod 15. The sliding of the second slider 29 drives the adsorbed first slider 27 to move, compressing the driving spring 26. When the driving spring 26 cannot be compressed, the second slider 29 continues to move. At this time, the two magnetic attracting blocks 31 are separated due to the adsorption force being less than the pulling force. At the moment of separation, the driving spring 26 extends to quickly push out the first slider 27, so that the gas inside the extension rod 15 is ejected through the air ejection holes 24. The ejected gas drives the catalyst to move upward, increasing the gaps between the catalysts, and improving the flow rate and flow rate of the reaction gas inside the reaction tube 2, thereby ensuring the catalytic conversion rate;
[0048] It is worth mentioning that when the vaporized caprolactam is mixed with ammonia and contacts the catalyst to undergo a gas-phase reaction, the required gas pressure is usually between 0 and 2 bar, so that the gas pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is in a controllable state to ensure the controllability of the gas pressure between the first breathable mesh 12 and the first breathable mesh 12. At the same time, when the vaporized caprolactam is mixed with ammonia and undergoes a gas-phase reaction on the catalyst, a relatively high temperature is usually required, generally between 300°C and 450°C. Both the first airbag 17 and the second airbag 23 are prior arts, specifically a high-temperature silicone rubber. Silicone rubber has excellent heat resistance and can maintain its physical properties within a wide temperature range. Some types of silicone rubber can be used at temperatures up to 300 degrees Celsius or even higher. At the same time, the magnetic attracting block 31 is a prior art, specifically a samarium-cobalt magnet, which can work at a temperature up to 350 degrees Celsius. The temperature is between 750 - 850°C, far higher than the requirement of 400 degrees.
[0049] The collection mechanism 4 is used to centrally collect dust and indirectly detect the state of the catalyst. The collection mechanism 4 includes a second collection plate 39 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell 45. A plurality of dust-stop frames 40 are fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate 39. The collection mechanism 4 also includes a first collection plate 36 fixedly placed at the bottom of the inner wall of the reaction shell 45. An air outlet net 37 is fixedly connected to the top of the first collection plate 36. A dust-stop sleeve 38 is fixedly sleeved outside the air outlet net 37. The second collection plate 39 is fixedly connected to the top of the air outlet net 37.
[0050] Through the above - mentioned mechanism, it is possible to collect the dust from the carbonized catalyst, avoiding affecting the catalytic conversion rate. Specifically, when the reaction tube 2 moves the catalyst inside, the dust carbonized on the surface of the catalyst will fall due to the movement and drop to the top of the second collection plate 39 for collection. By setting an effective means, it can avoid the carbonized dust from being affected by the air flow and flowing downward. The air - outlet net 37 can filter out the carbonized dust on the surface of the catalyst, and the dust - stopping sleeve 38 can further block the carbonized dust on the surface of the catalyst for the second time.
[0051] A frustum 42 is fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate 39. A thermal sensor 43 is fixedly installed inside the frustum 42. A mimic stand 44 is fixedly connected to the top of the first collection plate 36, and the mimic stand 44 is arranged on the top of the frustum 42.
[0052] Through the above - mentioned mechanism, it is possible to detect the dust from the carbonized catalyst and realize a reminder to replace the catalyst when the service life of the catalyst is reached, avoiding affecting the catalytic conversion rate. Specifically, the dust carbonized on the surface of the catalyst will be collected on the top of the second collection plate 39, resulting in a gradual increase in the carbonized dust. When the carbonized dust buries the periphery of the thermal sensor 43, the thermal sensor 43 can detect that the temperature is much higher than the average value, so as to issue a warning, reminding the staff that the catalyst has reached the service life and needs to be replaced. Through the mimic stand 44 for simulation, a warning can be issued before the dust accumulates enough to enter the top of the first collection plate 36;
[0053] It is worth mentioning that the thermal sensor 43 is a prior art, specifically a 4H - SiC Schottky diode sensor. The Schottky diode based on Ni / 4H - SiC material can work at a temperature of up to 400 °C. This kind of sensor is designed for industrial environments and can provide reliable temperature monitoring.
[0054] The clamping mechanism 46 includes two swing rods 8 rotatably connected to the top of the reaction column tube 7. The top of each of the two swing rods 8 is rotatably connected to an arc - shaped block 9. A support and compression spring 11 is fixedly connected to the relative side of the two arc - shaped blocks 9. A drive frame 10 is fixedly connected to the top of each of the two arc - shaped blocks 9, and the outer parts of the two arc - shaped blocks 9 are adapted to the inner wall of the installation tube 6.
[0055] Through the above - mentioned mechanism, it is possible to fixedly clamp the reaction column tube 7 inside the installation tube 6. Specifically, after inserting the bottom of the reaction column tube 7 into the installation tube 6, at this time, squeeze the two drive frames 10 towards the relative side, gradually press the two arc - shaped blocks 9 together, and insert the clamping mechanism 46 into the installation tube 6. Then release the drive frames 10, and the two support and compression springs 11 extend. The outer parts of the two arc - shaped blocks 9 are in contact with the inner wall of the installation tube 6 to fix the reaction column tube 7. In this way, the reaction column tube 7 can also be removed from the inside of the installation tube 6.
[0056] Working principle of the utility model: When the mixed gas of vaporized caprolactam and ammonia gas is heated by the heat converter 5 and undergoes a gas-phase reaction with the catalyst inside the reactor 1;
[0057] The downward airflow of the reaction gas blows several buffer plates 35 to turn over, forming an inverted cone shape below the part with the strongest potential energy of the airflow movement, diffusing the reaction gas flowing from top to bottom during the flow process, thereby reducing the movement potential energy of the airflow to achieve the effect of equalizing air pressure;
[0058] When the flow rate of the reaction gas is fast and the flow rate is large, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are large, affecting the gas-phase reaction between the reaction gas and the catalyst. At this time, the air pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is much greater than the air pressure difference between the first ventilation net 12 and the second ventilation net 13, and the pressure acts on the outside of the first airbag 17 to squeeze the first airbag 17. The first airbag 17 is squeezed and shrunk, and the gas inside the first airbag 17 is pressed into the inside of the second connecting rod 16. A large amount of gas accumulates inside the second connecting rod 16 and pushes the driven airbag 18 inside the second connecting rod 16 upward;
[0059] The movement of the driven airbag 18 drives several sliding blocks 19 to move upward, and drives the spring rods 20 and the oscillating balls 21 at the tops of several sliding blocks 19 to move upward. During the upward movement of the sliding blocks 19, the bent parts outside several spring rods 20 rub against one end of the adjacent shifting rods 41, causing the spring rods 20 to bend. The bending of the spring rods 20 drives the oscillating balls 21 to bend. At this time, the sliding blocks 19 continue to move upward, and several spring rods 20 separate from one end of the adjacent shifting rods 41. At this time, the tops of the spring rods 20 quickly return to the normal position and generate left and right shaking, driving the oscillating balls 21 to shake left and right. The force generated by the left and right shaking of multiple oscillating balls 21 drives the second connecting rod 16 to shake. The installation pipe 6 shakes and drives the first connecting rod 14 to shake. The first connecting rod 14 shakes and drives the catalyst to move, making the catalyst move closer together during the movement process and reducing the flow performance of the reaction gas;
[0060] When the flow rate of the reaction gas is slow and the flow volume is small, it means that the gaps between the catalysts are small, which affects the gas-phase reaction between the reaction gas and the catalysts. At this time, the gas pressure at the top of the heat converter 5 is much greater than the gas pressure between the first air-permeable net 12 and the second air-permeable net 13, resulting in the expansion of the second airbag 23. The expansion of the second airbag 23 causes the second slider 29 to slide inside the extension rod 15. The sliding of the second slider 29 drives the adsorbed first slider 27 to move, compressing the driving spring 26. When the driving spring 26 cannot be compressed anymore, the second slider 29 continues to move. At this time, the two magnetic attraction blocks 31 are separated due to the adsorption force being less than the pulling force. At the moment of separation, the driving spring 26 stretches and quickly pushes out the first slider 27, causing the gas inside the extension rod 15 to be ejected through the air ejection holes 24. The ejected gas drives the catalysts to move upward, increasing the gaps between the catalysts and improving the flow rate and flow volume of the reaction gas inside the reaction tube 2, thereby ensuring the catalytic conversion rate;
[0061] The carbonized dust on the surface of the catalysts will be collected on the top of the second collection plate 39, resulting in the gradual increase of the carbonized dust. When the carbonized dust buries the periphery of the heat sensor 43, the heat sensor 43 can detect that the temperature is much higher than the average value, giving an alarm to remind the staff that the catalysts have reached the service life and need to be replaced. Through the imitation frame 44 for simulation, an alarm is given before the dust accumulates enough to enter the top of the first collection plate 36.
[0062] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A large-scale reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine unit, characterized in that: Including, A reactor (1) for thermally converting reaction gases and performing gas-phase reactions. The reactor (1) includes a reaction shell (45). At the top of the inner wall of the reaction shell (45), a buffer mechanism (3) is fixedly installed, and the buffer mechanism (3) is used to buffer the reaction gases flowing downward. On the inner wall of the reaction shell (45), a heat converter (5) is fixedly installed, and a number of installation pipes (6) are fixedly installed inside the heat converter (5). A collection mechanism (4) for centrally collecting dust and indirectly detecting the state of the catalyst. The collection mechanism (4) includes a second collection plate (39) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell (45), and a number of dust-stop frames (40) are fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate (39). A reaction tube (2) for detecting the flow rate of the reaction gas passing through the catalyst and adjusting the flow rate of the reaction gas at the same time. The reaction tube (2) includes a reaction tube bundle (7) movably inserted inside the installation pipe (6). At the top of the reaction tube bundle (7), a clamping mechanism (46) is provided. Inside the wall of the reaction tube bundle (7), a first breathable net (12) is fixedly connected. At the bottom of the reaction tube bundle (7), a second breathable net (13) is fixedly connected. Catalyst is placed on the top of the first breathable net (12). Inside the first breathable net (12), a first connecting rod (14) is fixedly connected. Inside the first connecting rod (14), a second connecting rod (16) is fixedly connected. At the bottom of the first connecting rod (14), a second airbag (23) is connected in communication. At the bottom of the second connecting rod (16), a first airbag (17) is connected in communication.
2. The large reaction gas distributor of a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A number of sliding blocks (19) are slidably connected inside the second connecting rod (16). At the top of each of the sliding blocks (19), a spring rod (20) is fixedly connected. At the top of each of the spring rods (20), an oscillating ball (21) is fixedly connected. The sliding blocks (19) are all fixedly connected together through a connecting plate (22). A number of shift rods (41) are fixedly connected inside the second connecting rod (16), and each of the shift rods (41) is adapted to the adjacent spring rod (20) and oscillating ball (21). A driven airbag (18) is slidably connected inside the second connecting rod (16), and the top and bottom of the driven airbag (18) abut against the bottom of the sliding block (19).
3. The large reaction gas distributor of a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A number of extension rods (15) are connected in communication with the outside of the first connecting rod (14). A number of air jet holes (24) are provided on the outside of each of the extension rods (15). Inside the wall of the extension rod (15), a fixing ring (25) is fixedly connected. On the right side of the fixing ring (25), a driving spring (26) is fixedly connected. On the right side of the driving spring (26), a first slider (27) is fixedly connected, and the first slider (27) is hermetically slidably connected inside the extension rod (15).
4. A large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting ring (30) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension rod (15). A second slider (29) is slidably connected inside the extension rod (15). Connecting rods (28) are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the second slider (29) and the first slider (27). Magnetic suction blocks (31) are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two connecting rods (28). The second slider (29) is hermetically and slidably connected inside the extension rod (15).
5. A large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism (3) includes a buffer frame (32) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction shell (45). A plurality of buffer rings (33) are fixedly connected to the top of the second airbag (23). The radii of the plurality of buffer rings (33) gradually decrease from outside to inside. A buffer spring (34) is movably sleeved outside the buffer ring (33). A plurality of buffer plates (35) are fixedly connected to the outside of the buffer spring (34). The plurality of buffer plates (35) are all in an S shape.
6. The large reaction gas distributor of a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection mechanism (4) further includes a first collection plate (36) fixedly placed at the bottom of the inner wall of the reaction shell (45). An air outlet net (37) is fixedly connected to the top of the first collection plate (36). A dust-proof sleeve (38) is fixedly sleeved outside the air outlet net (37). A second collection plate (39) is fixedly connected to the top of the air outlet net (37).
7. A large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A frustum (42) is fixedly connected to the top of the second collection plate (39). A thermal sensor (43) is fixedly installed inside the frustum (42). An imitation frame (44) is fixedly connected to the top of the first collection plate (36). The imitation frame (44) is arranged on the top of the frustum (42).
8. A large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (46) includes two swing rods (8) rotatably connected to the top of the reaction tube bank (7). Arc-shaped blocks (9) are rotatably connected to the tops of the two swing rods (8). A strut spring (11) is fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two arc-shaped blocks (9). Driving frames (10) are fixedly connected to the tops of the two arc-shaped blocks (9). The outsides of the two arc-shaped blocks (9) are adapted to the inner wall of the installation pipe (6).
9. A large reaction gas distributor for a hexamethylenediamine device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas flow rate of the second ventilation net (13) is equal to the gas flow rate of the first ventilation net (12).