Millikan oil drop experiment device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a Millikan oil drop experiment device which comprises a housing. A CCD camera assembly; the upper electrode supporting lantern ring and the lower electrode supporting lantern ring are arranged in the housing; the upper electrode plate is arranged at the upper end of the upper and lower electrode supporting lantern ring; the lower electrode plate is arranged at the lower end of the upper and lower electrode supporting lantern ring; two through grooves are formed in the middle of the upper and lower electrode supporting lantern rings; the two through grooves are perpendicular to each other; a light inlet hole penetrating into one through groove and a shooting hole penetrating into the other through groove are formed in the outer wall of the upper electrode supporting lantern ring and the lower electrode supporting lantern ring. An LED lamp is arranged in the light inlet hole; the shooting hole is right opposite to the CCD camera assembly. Only refracted light rays generated by the oil drops enter the CCD camera assembly, so that the oil drop observation quality is improved, and the accuracy of an experimental result is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of physical experiment equipment, and particularly relates to a Millikan oil-drop experiment device. Background Art

[0002] The Millikan oil-drop experiment instrument is a classic experimental device in physics for measuring the electron charge. By observing and analyzing the motion state of charged oil drops in an electric field, the value of the electron charge can be obtained. This experiment helps scientists verify the discreteness of electric charges and can measure the electric charge quantity e of electrons. Such an instrument usually consists of a power supply, an observation microscope, an oil-drop chamber, a lighting system, etc., and is a device integrating optics, mechanics, and electronics.

[0003] Chinese patent document with publication number CN114120778A discloses a new type of Millikan oil-drop experiment instrument, which includes a cylinder, an upper parallel electrode plate, a lower parallel electrode plate, an upper electrode terminal, a lower electrode terminal, a power supply, a light source, a transparent window, a CCD imaging system, a thin tube, a flexible tube, an oil spray, and a wire. Among them, the upper parallel electrode plate and the lower parallel electrode plate are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder; one ends of the upper electrode terminal and the lower electrode terminal are respectively fixed on the upper parallel electrode plate and the lower parallel electrode plate, and the other ends are respectively connected to the power supply through wires; a transparent window is provided on the side surface of the cylinder, and a light source is installed inside the cylinder; the CCD imaging system can see the inside of the cylinder through the transparent window; a thin tube is connected to the center position of the lower parallel electrode plate, and the thin tube is connected to the oil spray through a flexible tube.

[0004] When observing oil drops with the above-mentioned traditional Millikan oil-drop experiment instrument, it is easily affected by the light entering of the LED lamp on the CCD camera, resulting in a decline in the observation quality, unclear observation of oil drops, and inaccurate experimental data. Therefore, it is of great necessity and significance to improve the Millikan oil-drop experiment instrument and reduce the influence of the light entering of the LED lamp on the CCD camera. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] In order to overcome the technical problems in the prior art that when the CCD camera observes oil drops, it is affected by the light entering of the LED lamp, resulting in a decline in the observation quality, unclear observation of oil drops, and inaccurate experimental data; an object of the present utility model is to provide a Millikan oil-drop experiment device. By providing two mutually perpendicular through grooves on the upper and lower electrode support collar rings, the LED light direction and the shooting direction of the CCD camera are respectively located in the two through grooves, reducing the reflected light of the LED light on the inner wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar rings in the picture taken by the CCD camera, thereby improving the quality of oil-drop observation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions: A Millikan oil-drop experiment device, comprising a housing, the housing is arranged on a horizontal leveling platform; a CCD camera assembly, the CCD camera assembly is arranged on one side of the housing; an upper and lower electrode support collar, the upper and lower electrode support collar is arranged inside the housing; an upper electrode plate, the upper electrode plate is arranged at the upper end of the upper and lower electrode support collar; a lower electrode plate, the lower electrode plate is arranged at the lower end of the upper and lower electrode support collar; wherein, two through grooves longitudinally penetrating the upper and lower electrode support collar are arranged in the middle of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the two through grooves are perpendicular to each other and are respectively arranged along the diameter of the upper and lower electrode support collar; a light inlet hole penetrating to one of the through grooves is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar; an LED lamp is arranged in the light inlet hole; a shooting hole penetrating to the other through groove is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the shooting hole is directly opposite to the lens of the CCD camera assembly; the shooting direction of the CCD camera assembly and the light inlet direction of the LED lamp are respectively arranged along the diameter directions corresponding to the adjacent through grooves.

[0007] In the prior art, the included angle between the diameter where the shooting hole is located and the diameter where the light inlet hole is located is 120°. The light emitted by the LED lamp enters through the light inlet hole, and after being refracted by the atomized tiny oil droplets, it passes through the shooting hole and enters the CCD camera assembly, so that the oil droplets are brightly displayed on the display. On the one hand, part of the light emitted by the LED lamp will directly enter the CCD camera assembly. On the other hand, since the light will also be reflected on the inner wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar, the shooting background becomes bright, resulting in unclear observation of the oil droplets, which affects the observation quality and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0008] In this solution, by setting the included angle between the light inlet hole and the shooting hole to 90°, a cross channel (formed by the two through grooves) is added inside, so that the LED light only reflects in the through groove directly opposite to it. Without affecting the refraction of the light by the oil droplets, the reflected light of the LED light on the inner wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar in the picture taken by the CCD camera assembly is reduced, and the direct light is also reduced, thereby improving the quality of observing the oil droplets and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0009] Furthermore, a filling plate is arranged at the central position of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the thickness of the filling plate is less than the thickness of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the through grooves are arranged on the filling plate.

[0010] Specifically, protrusions are respectively arranged at one ends of the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate facing the upper and lower electrode support collar; the protrusions abut against the filling plate, and the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate respectively abut against the upper and lower electrode support collar.

[0011] Specifically, the light incident hole and the shooting hole are located on the same horizontal plane; the diameters of the light incident hole and the shooting hole are both less than or equal to the thickness of the filling plate.

[0012] Further, the upper and lower electrode support collar is black; the purpose is to absorb light as much as possible and reduce the reflection of light on the inner wall.

[0013] Further, the material of the upper and lower electrode support collar is non-conductive polyoxymethylene thermoplastic crystalline polymer; the purpose is not to affect the electric field between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate.

[0014] Further, an oil dropping hole penetrating through the upper electrode plate is provided at the central position of the upper end of the upper electrode plate; the communication position of the oil dropping hole with the two through grooves is opposite; the upper part of the oil dropping hole is a tapered structure with a narrower lower part and a wider upper part.

[0015] Further, the cover includes a base provided at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform, a light shielding outer shell provided at the upper end of the base, and an oil mist chamber provided at the upper end of the light shielding outer shell; the lower electrode plate is provided at the central position of the upper end of the base.

[0016] Specifically, the CCD camera assembly is provided at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform; a first through hole opposite to the shooting hole is provided on the side wall of the light shielding outer shell; the lens of the CCD camera assembly is located in the first through hole.

[0017] Specifically, the oil mist chamber includes an oil mist cavity provided at the upper end of the light shielding outer shell and a lid detachably connected to the upper end of the oil mist cavity; a second through hole is provided on the outer wall of the oil mist cavity; a through hole communicating with the inside of the light shielding outer shell is provided at the central position of the inner bottom of the oil mist cavity.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: by providing two mutually perpendicular through grooves on the upper and lower electrode support collar and respectively providing a light incident hole and a shooting hole in the two through grooves, the direct light generated by the LED light or the reflected light generated by the inner wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar is prevented from entering the view range of the CCD camera assembly, and only the refracted light generated by the oil droplets enters the CCD camera assembly, thereby improving the quality of oil droplet observation and the accuracy of experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is an assembly schematic diagram of the upper and lower electrode support collar of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3Is the perspective view of the upper and lower electrode support collar of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 Is the front view of the upper and lower electrode support collar of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 Is the side view of the upper and lower electrode support collar of the present utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1, oil mist chamber; 2, CCD camera assembly; 3, upper electrode plate; 31, oil dropping hole; 4, upper and lower electrode support collar; 41, through groove; 42, shooting hole; 43, light inlet hole; 5, lower electrode plate; 6, light shielding housing; 7, base; 8, horizontal leveling platform. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] Next, in combination with the drawings and specific implementation manners, the present utility model will be further described. It should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, the following described embodiments or technical features can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that for orientation terms, such as the terms "center", "horizontal", "vertical", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., the orientation and position relationships indicated are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] In addition, such terms as "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0028] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, such terms as "set" and "arrange" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection; it can be directly connected, or connected through an intermediate medium, and can be internally connected and communicated between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.

[0029] SeeFigures 1-5 , a Millikan oil-drop experiment device, comprising a housing, and the housing is arranged on a horizontal leveling platform 8; a CCD camera assembly 2, and the CCD camera assembly 2 is arranged on one side of the housing; an upper and lower electrode support collar 4, and the upper and lower electrode support collar 4 is arranged inside the housing; an upper electrode plate 3, and the upper electrode plate 3 is arranged at the upper end of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; a lower electrode plate 5, and the lower electrode plate 5 is arranged at the lower end of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4.

[0030] A filling plate is arranged at the central position of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; the thickness of the filling plate is less than the thickness of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; protrusions are respectively arranged at one ends of the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 5 facing the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; the protrusions are abutted against the filling plate, and the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 5 are respectively abutted against the upper and lower electrode support collar 4.

[0031] Two through grooves 41 longitudinally penetrating the filling plate are arranged at the upper end of the filling plate; the two through grooves 41 are perpendicular to each other and are respectively arranged along the diameter of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; a light inlet hole 43 penetrating to one of the through grooves 41 is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; the penetrating direction of the light inlet hole 43 is arranged along the diameter direction of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; an LED lamp is arranged in the light inlet hole 43; a shooting hole 42 penetrating to the other through groove 41 is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; the penetrating direction of the shooting hole 42 is arranged along the diameter direction of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4; the shooting hole 42 is directly opposite to the lens of the CCD camera assembly 2.

[0032] The shooting direction of the CCD camera assembly 2 and the light inlet direction of the LED lamp are respectively arranged along the diameter directions corresponding to the adjacent through grooves 41; the light inlet hole 43 and the shooting hole 42 are located on the same horizontal plane; the diameters of the light inlet hole 43 and the shooting hole 42 are both less than or equal to the thickness of the filling plate.

[0033] The upper and lower electrode support collar 4 is black; the material of the upper and lower electrode support collar 4 is non-conductive polyoxymethylene thermoplastic crystalline polymer.

[0034] An oil-drop hole 31 penetrating the upper electrode plate 3 is arranged at the central position of the upper end of the upper electrode plate 3; the oil-drop hole 31 is directly opposite to the connection position of the two through grooves 41; the upper part of the oil-drop hole 31 is a tapered structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part.

[0035] The housing includes a base 7 disposed at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform 8, a cylindrical light-shielding outer shell 6 disposed at the upper end of the base 7, and an oil mist chamber 1 disposed at the upper end of the light-shielding outer shell 6; the lower electrode plate 5 is disposed at the central position of the upper end of the base 7.

[0036] The CCD camera assembly 2 is disposed at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform 8; a first through hole is provided on the side wall of the light-shielding outer shell 6 opposite to the photographing hole 42; the lens of the CCD camera assembly 2 is located in the first through hole.

[0037] The oil mist chamber 1 includes an oil mist cavity disposed at the upper end of the light-shielding outer shell 6 and a lid detachably connected to the upper end of the oil mist cavity; a second through hole is provided on the outer wall of the oil mist cavity; a through hole communicating with the inside of the light-shielding outer shell 6 is provided at the central position of the inner bottom of the oil mist cavity.

[0038] At the beginning of the experiment, first adjust the horizontal leveling platform 8 to be horizontal, and then turn on the power. At this time, the LED lamp emits light. However, since the light cannot enter the photographing hole 42 through the through groove 41 corresponding to the light inlet hole 43, the CCD camera assembly 2 cannot receive light, and the display is black. When oil mist is sprayed into the oil mist chamber 1 through the second through hole, part of the oil mist passes through the through hole of the oil mist chamber 1 under the influence of gravity, and then enters the inside of the upper and lower electrode support rings 4 through the oil dropping hole 31 of the upper electrode plate 3, that is, the communicating position of the two through grooves 41. At this time, since the light is refracted on the oil droplets and enters the photographing hole 42, bright oil droplet spots can be seen on the screen. Slide the CCD camera assembly 2 back and forth to make the camera focus on the oil droplets, and a clear and bright oil droplet image can be obtained.

[0039] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for Millikan oil-drop experiment, characterized in that: including a housing, which is arranged on a horizontal leveling platform; a CCD camera assembly, which is arranged on one side of the housing; an upper and lower electrode support collar, which is arranged inside the housing; an upper electrode plate, which is arranged at the upper end of the upper and lower electrode support collar; a lower electrode plate, which is arranged at the lower end of the upper and lower electrode support collar; wherein, two through grooves longitudinally penetrating the upper and lower electrode support collar are arranged in the middle of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the two through grooves are perpendicular to each other and are respectively arranged along the diameter of the upper and lower electrode support collar; a light inlet hole penetrating into one of the through grooves is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar; an LED lamp is arranged in the light inlet hole; a shooting hole penetrating into the other through groove is arranged on the outer wall of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the shooting hole is directly opposite to the lens of the CCD camera assembly; the shooting direction of the CCD camera assembly and the light inlet direction of the LED lamp are respectively arranged along the diameter directions corresponding to the adjacent through grooves.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a filling plate is arranged at the central position of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the thickness of the filling plate is less than the thickness of the upper and lower electrode support collar; the through grooves are arranged on the filling plate.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein: protrusions are respectively arranged at one ends of the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate facing the upper and lower electrode support collar; the protrusions are abutted against the filling plate, and the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are respectively abutted against the upper and lower electrode support collar.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the light inlet hole and the shooting hole are located on the same horizontal plane; the diameters of the light inlet hole and the shooting hole are both less than or equal to the thickness of the filling plate.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the upper and lower electrode support collar is black.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the material of the upper and lower electrode support collar is non-conductive polyoxymethylene thermoplastic crystalline polymer.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: an oil dropping hole penetrating the upper electrode plate is arranged at the central position of the upper end of the upper electrode plate; the oil dropping hole is directly opposite to the communication position of the two through grooves; the upper part of the oil dropping hole is a tapered structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the housing includes a base arranged at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform, a light shielding outer shell arranged at the upper end of the base, and an oil mist chamber arranged at the upper end of the light shielding outer shell; the lower electrode plate is arranged at the central position of the upper end of the base.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the CCD camera assembly is arranged at the upper end of the horizontal leveling platform; a first through hole directly opposite to the shooting hole is arranged on the side wall of the light shielding outer shell; the lens of the CCD camera assembly is located in the first through hole.

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the oil mist chamber includes an oil mist cavity arranged at the upper end of the light shielding outer shell and a lid detachably connected to the upper end of the oil mist cavity; a second through hole is arranged on the outer wall of the oil mist cavity; a through hole communicating with the inside of the light shielding outer shell is arranged at the central position of the inner bottom of the oil mist cavity.

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