Compost fermentation device with heat preservation function
By introducing air interlayers and air intake systems into the compost fermentation device, and using preheated gas and waste heat collection technology, the problem of traditional compost fermentation methods being greatly affected by external temperature is solved, efficient temperature control and oxygen supply uniformity are achieved, and compost efficiency and quality are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422037505.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Traditional compost fermentation methods are greatly affected by the external ambient temperature, resulting in insufficient, incomplete and low efficiency. Especially in low-temperature environments, microbial activity is reduced and fermentation speed is slow. In high-temperature environments, it is easy to cause excessive temperature to inhibit microbial growth, affecting the quality and efficiency of compost.
A composting fermentation device with insulation function is designed, using air interlayer and air intake system, and the preheated gas is used to insulate and heat the silo. Combined with waste heat collection and heat exchange technology, the appropriate fermentation temperature is maintained, and sufficient oxygen supply is ensured through a uniform aeration pore structure to avoid a local anaerobic environment.
It significantly improves the control effect of fermentation temperature, shortens the fermentation cycle, reduces energy consumption, improves the quality and efficiency of compost, and has economic and ecological value.
Smart Images
Figure CN223189128U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a composting fermentation device with a heat preservation function. Background Art
[0002] During aerobic composting, temperature significantly impacts the fermentation process, directly influencing microbial activity and the degradation rate of organic matter. At lower ambient temperatures, the natural heating rate of the compost pile slows, reducing microbial activity and prolonging the time it takes for the compost to reach the high-temperature stage. This low temperature can hinder the effective inactivation of harmful pathogens and weed seeds, impacting the safety and maturity of the compost product.
[0003] Aerobic composting relies on the metabolic activity of microorganisms to break down organic matter and generate heat. When the outside temperature is low, additional heating measures may be required to maintain the activity of microorganisms inside the pile and accelerate the composting process, such as increasing ventilation or using auxiliary heating equipment. This will increase the operating costs of the composting process. On the other hand, if the outside temperature is high, the temperature inside the pile rises faster, which is conducive to the rapid proliferation of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. However, excessively high pile temperatures may also lead to a decrease in microbial activity, and the pile temperature needs to be controlled by adjusting the ventilation frequency and turning the pile to avoid excessive heating.
[0004] Therefore, ambient temperature is a key environmental factor affecting the efficiency and quality of aerobic composting, and the compost pile temperature should be controlled between 55 and 60°C. In cold regions, natural warming and high temperature maintenance are difficult, so composting cycles may be extended, leading to increased energy consumption. Maintaining the proper compost temperature may require additional energy to heat the pile, directly impacting energy consumption.
[0005] Traditional composting methods rely on natural ambient temperature, and their efficiency is significantly affected by external conditions such as season and weather. In low temperatures, microbial activity decreases, slowing fermentation or even stopping. In hot weather, the lack of effective heat dissipation mechanisms can lead to excessively high compost temperatures, inhibiting the growth of beneficial microorganisms and even promoting the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, thus affecting compost quality. Therefore, developing a composting device that can automatically adjust and maintain an optimal fermentation temperature is crucial for improving composting efficiency and ensuring compost quality. Utility Model Content
[0006] The utility model aims to provide a composting fermentation device with a heat preservation function, which solves the problem that traditional composting fermentation methods are greatly affected by the external environment temperature, resulting in insufficient, incomplete and low fermentation efficiency.
[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned utility model purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:
[0008] Provided is a compost fermentation device with a heat preservation function, which includes a fermentation bin main body, which is a concrete structure with a hollow square column structure, a material bin and an air bin are arranged inside the fermentation bin main body, the top opening of the material bin is connected to the upper end surface of the fermentation bin main body, the material bin is located at the top of the air bin and is connected to the air bin through multiple bottom aeration holes; the top opening of the material bin is provided with an air collecting cover, the cross-section of the air collecting cover is a circular arc hollow structure, the lower end surface of the air collecting cover is provided with a hot air inlet, the upper end surface of the air collecting cover is provided with a waste heat collection air pipe, an air interlayer is provided around the material bin, a gas guide channel is provided in the air interlayer, an air inlet connected to the starting end of the gas guide channel and an air outlet connected to the end of the gas guide channel are respectively provided on one side of the bottom and the other side of the top of the fermentation bin main body; the air outlet is connected to the outlet pipe;
[0009] An air intake system is provided outside the fermentation bin body, and the free end of the waste heat collection air pipe is connected to the air intake system. The air intake system is used to deliver preheated gas and fresh air to the air interlayer and the air bin respectively.
[0010] The basic principle of a composting and fermentation device with thermal insulation is to provide an air interlayer and deliver preheated air to it through an air intake system. This allows the silo to rapidly heat up during the initial heating and cooling phases, while maintaining heat during the high-temperature fermentation phase, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency of the materials within the silo. Furthermore, an air silo at the bottom of the silo delivers fresh air and also serves as a drainage channel, preventing the formation of localized anaerobic conditions caused by insufficient aeration around the silo. An air collection cover collects waste heat generated by compost fermentation. Aerobic fermentation is a heat-generating reaction, and during the high-temperature fermentation phase, the temperature within the silo can reach over 70°C. The hot air within the silo is collected and introduced into the air intake system through a waste heat collection pipe. This heats the fresh air drawn in by the intake system, reducing the impact of the cold external air on the silo temperature during aeration and preventing temperature loss in the main fermentation chamber. Furthermore, if waste heat from heat plants or power plants is available near the air intake system, the hot air can be used directly or through heat exchange technology to control the material temperature. During the initial heating stage and the later cooling stage of composting, the fermentation heat generated by the main body of the fermentation chamber is insufficient, and the hot air exchanged by the air intake system is used to heat the air layer again, thereby accelerating the fermentation speed and degree.
[0011] Furthermore, the main body of the fermentation silo is a concrete structure, and an air interlayer is provided with an interlayer partition and an insulation layer. The inner sidewall of the air interlayer is a thin-walled concrete wall to facilitate heat transfer, and the outer sidewall of the air interlayer is an insulation layer. The insulation layer can be made of mineral wool board to achieve thermal insulation. The interlayer partition increases the structural strength of the air interlayer and prevents the collapse of the thin-walled concrete wall. When the air interlayer performs its insulation function, it must ensure its airtightness. Heat is conducted within the enclosed space, while preventing outside air from entering the air interlayer to ensure its insulation properties. Otherwise, the air interlayer will be connected to the outside air, generating convective heat exchange, and the poor thermal insulation properties of thin-walled concrete will reduce the temperature inside the silo.
[0012] At the same time, when the fermentation heat generated in the silo is insufficient and the insulation effect of the air interlayer is not obvious, the air intake system delivers preheated gas to the air interlayer to heat the air interlayer, thereby maintaining and increasing the temperature in the silo.
[0013] Furthermore, the air inlet is connected to an interlayer cleaning pipe with a switching valve. When it is necessary to clean solid impurities contained in the air interlayer, the external high-pressure airflow conveying device can be connected to the air outlet pipe, and then the external high-pressure airflow conveying device can be started to convey high-speed airflow into the air interlayer. The high-speed airflow cleans the solid impurities and discharges them from the interlayer cleaning pipe.
[0014] Furthermore, the silo has a concave cross-section. The top outer sidewalls are insulated, while the inner sidewalls feature multiple lateral aeration holes that connect to the silo interior. Each lateral aeration hole is oriented at an angle of 30° to 45° to the vertical. Multiple bottom aeration holes are evenly spaced at the bottom of the silo. Multiple lateral aeration holes are arranged on the sidewalls, oriented at 30° to the vertical, to prevent silo material from leaking into the silo or clogging the lateral aeration holes. During aeration, pressure is equalized throughout the silo. The bottom aeration holes generate vertical, upward laminar flow, which becomes turbulent after being disrupted by material. The lateral aeration holes are angled at a 30° angle to the vertical of the silo sidewalls. The airflow generated by these holes further exacerbates the turbulence within the silo, preventing the formation of localized anaerobic conditions caused by insufficient aeration around the silo.
[0015] Furthermore, an aeration pipe and a drainage pipe are provided on either side of the bottom of the silo. The aeration pipe passes through the fermentation silo body and connects to the air intake system, while the drainage pipe passes through the fermentation silo body and is located outside. The aeration pipe and drainage pipe allow the silo to have both aeration and drainage functions. Leachate generated by organic solids in the silo enters the silo through the bottom aeration holes. Under the influence of airflow from the air intake system and gravity, the leachate flows into the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is used to discharge the leachate generated in the silo and to remove smaller solid particles that enter the silo through the bottom aeration holes along with the leachate.
[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the air bin is arranged to be inclined, with the side close to the drain pipe being the low side and the side close to the aeration pipe being the high side.
[0017] Furthermore, the air intake system includes a heating box, a heating pipe assembly, and an aeration supply pipe assembly; the heating pipe assembly includes a plate-fin heat exchanger disposed within the heating box, which includes a heating pipe; a three-way valve is disposed at the free end of the waste heat collection pipe, the free end of which is connected to the first port of the three-way valve. The second port of the three-way valve is connected to one end of the heating pipe, and the third port of the three-way valve is connected to the hot air intake pipe; the other end of the heating pipe is connected to the air inlet via the heating intake pipe; the aeration supply pipe assembly includes a fresh air intake pipe connected to the heating box and the aeration pipe, and a blower is disposed on the fresh air intake pipe. The waste heat collection pipe collects heat through an air collecting cap and transfers the heat to the heating pipe, which heats the air within the heating box, thereby heating the fresh air supplied by the fresh air intake pipe for aeration, reducing the impact of low-temperature external air on the temperature within the silo during aeration, and preventing temperature loss in the main body of the fermentation silo.
[0018] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided on the free end of the waste heat collection pipe and the hot air intake pipe, and the one-way valve is used to prevent the gas in the heating pipe from flowing back to the waste heat collection pipe and the hot air intake pipe.
[0019] Furthermore, the outlet pipe, heating air inlet pipe, and drain pipe are all provided with on / off valves. The on / off valves can be remote electromagnetic on / off valves, and the closed state of the on / off valves can be remotely controlled by the control module to achieve the purpose of controlling the use state of the outlet pipe, heating air inlet pipe, and drain pipe.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function provided by the present invention insulates and heats the silo by providing an air interlayer and an air intake system, effectively improving the control effect of the fermentation temperature in the silo. Simultaneously, the provision of bottom aeration holes and side aeration holes enables more uniform aeration of the silo without dead corners, ensuring sufficient oxygen supply for microorganisms. The suitable temperature and sufficient and uniform oxygen supply enable microorganisms to maintain high activity, effectively ferment and decompose the material, significantly shorten the fermentation cycle, and improve the fermentation degree of the material.
[0021] 2. The utility model is a composting fermentation device with heat preservation function. It uses the waste heat of compost fermentation. The hot air intake pipe in the air intake system can be connected with the hot air of the surrounding boiler room and thermal workshop. The waste heat collection pipe is connected with the heating pipe. The hot air of the surrounding boiler room and thermal workshop and the waste heat of compost fermentation are used for heating, which is a resource utilization. At the same time, the air interlayer has good heat preservation and insulation capabilities, and can maintain the silo at a suitable temperature for a long time. Therefore, this device can significantly reduce the energy consumption caused by heating in cold seasons, and has significant economic and ecological value.
[0022] 3. The composting and fermentation device of the present invention has a heat-insulating air chamber that also functions as a drainage trough, saving building materials and construction costs. It also features a simple structure and is easy to maintain. During aeration, the airflow sweeps the leachate, enhancing leachate flow and removing particulate solids from the chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional structural diagram of a composting fermentation device with heat preservation function.
[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the air interlayer.
[0025] Among them, 1. Fermentation bin body; 2. Material bin; 3. Air bin; 4. Bottom aeration hole; 5. Air interlayer; 6. Air inlet hole; 7. Air outlet hole; 8. Air outlet pipe; 9. Interlayer partition; 10. Insulation layer; 11. Air collecting cover; 12. Waste heat collection air pipe; 13. Interlayer cleaning pipe; 14. Side aeration hole; 15. Aeration pipe; 16. Drain pipe; 17. Heating box; 18. Heating pipe; 19. Three-way valve; 20. Hot air inlet pipe; 21. Fresh air inlet pipe; 22. Blower; 23. One-way valve; 24. Switch valve; 25. Heating inlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all utility model creations using the concept of the present invention are protected.
[0027] like Figure 1The utility model provides a compost fermentation device with heat preservation function, which includes a fermentation bin main body 1, which is a concrete structure with a hollow square column structure, a material bin 2 and an air bin 3 are arranged inside the fermentation bin main body 1, the top opening of the material bin 2 is connected to the upper end surface of the fermentation bin main body 1, the material bin 2 is located at the top of the air bin 3 and is connected to the air bin 3 through multiple bottom aeration holes 4; the top opening of the material bin 2 is provided with an air collecting cover 11, the cross section of the air collecting cover 11 is a circular arc hollow structure, the lower end surface of the air collecting cover 11 is provided with a hot air inlet, the upper end surface of the air collecting cover 11 is provided with a waste heat collection air pipe 12, an air interlayer 5 is provided around the material bin 2, and a gas guide channel is provided in the air interlayer 5, and an air inlet hole 6 connected to the starting end of the gas guide channel and an air outlet hole 7 connected to the end of the gas guide channel are respectively provided on one side of the bottom and the other side of the top of the fermentation bin main body 1; the air outlet hole 7 is connected to the air outlet pipe 8;
[0028] An air intake system is provided outside the fermentation bin body 1 , and the free end of the waste heat collection air pipe 12 is connected to the air intake system, which is used to deliver preheated gas and fresh air to the air interlayer 5 and the air bin 3 respectively.
[0029] When in use, a composting fermentation device with a heat preservation function uses an air intake system to deliver preheated gas to the air interlayer 5, so that the silo 2 can be quickly heated up in the initial heating stage and the cooling stage, and heat preservation can be achieved in the high-temperature fermentation stage, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency of the material in the silo 2; at the same time, the air bin 3 at the bottom of the silo 2 can realize the function of delivering fresh air to the silo 2 and also serves as a drainage trough, thereby avoiding insufficient aeration around the silo 2 to produce a local anaerobic environment.
[0030] The air collecting cover 11 is used to collect the waste heat generated by compost fermentation. Aerobic fermentation is a heat-producing reaction. During the high-temperature fermentation stage, the temperature in the silo 2 can reach above 70°C. The hot air in the silo 2 is collected and enters the air intake system through the waste heat collection air pipe 12 to heat the fresh air introduced through the air intake system, thereby reducing the impact of the external low-temperature air on the temperature in the silo 2 during aeration, and at the same time, avoiding the loss of the temperature of the fermentation bin main body 1. In addition, when there is waste heat from the air available in a thermal workshop or power workshop around the air intake system, the hot air can be used directly or the waste heat can be used through heat exchange technology equipment to control the temperature of the material. During the initial heating stage and the later cooling stage of the compost, the fermentation bin main body 1 produces insufficient heat, and the hot air exchanged by the air intake system is used to heat the air interlayer 5 again, thereby accelerating the fermentation speed and degree.
[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the fermentation silo body 1 is constructed of concrete, with an air interlayer 5 provided with a sandwich partition 9 and an insulation layer 10. The inner sidewall of the air interlayer 5 is a thin-walled concrete wall, facilitating heat transfer. The outer sidewall of the air interlayer 5 is an insulation layer 10, which can be made of mineral wool board to provide thermal insulation. The sandwich partition 9 forms a flow channel within the air interlayer 5, enhancing the interlayer's external insulation and internal heat transfer, and also increasing the structural strength of the air interlayer 5 to prevent collapse of the thin-walled concrete wall. To perform its insulation function, the air interlayer 5 must be airtight, ensuring heat transfer within the enclosed space while preventing outside air from entering the air interlayer 5 to maintain its insulation properties. Otherwise, the air interlayer 5 will connect to the outside air, generating convective heat exchange. Combined with the poor thermal insulation properties of thin-walled concrete, this will lower the temperature within the silo 2. At the same time, when the fermentation heat generation in the silo 2 is insufficient and the heat preservation effect of the air interlayer 5 is not obvious, the air intake system delivers preheated gas to the air interlayer 5 to heat the air interlayer 5 and thereby maintain and increase the temperature in the silo 2.
[0032] Furthermore, the air inlet 6 is connected to an interlayer cleaning pipe 13 with a switch valve 24. When it is necessary to clean the solid impurities contained in the air interlayer 5, the external high-pressure airflow conveying device can be connected to the air outlet pipe 8, the switch valve 24 on the interlayer cleaning pipe 13 can be opened, and then the external high-pressure airflow conveying device can be started to convey high-speed airflow into the air interlayer 5. The high-speed airflow cleans the solid impurities and discharges them from the interlayer cleaning pipe 13.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the cross-section of the silo 3 is a concave-shaped structure. An insulation layer 10 is provided on the top outer sidewall of the silo 3, and multiple lateral aeration holes 14 are provided on the inner sidewall, connecting to the interior of the silo 2. Each lateral aeration hole 14 is oriented at an angle of 30° to 45° with respect to the vertical. Multiple bottom aeration holes 4 are evenly spaced at the bottom of the silo 3. Multiple lateral aeration holes 14 are arranged on the sidewalls of the silo 3, each oriented at a 30° angle with respect to the vertical. Specifically, the bottom aeration holes 4 and lateral aeration holes 14 have a diameter of 5 mm, with 10 cm spacing between adjacent holes to prevent material from the silo 2 from leaking into the silo 3 or clogging the lateral aeration holes 14. During aeration, the pressure is equal at all points within the silo 3. The bottom aeration holes 4 generate vertical, upward laminar flow, which becomes turbulent after the material disrupts the airflow trajectory. The opening angle of the lateral aeration holes 14 is 30° to the vertical direction of the side wall of the gas silo 3. The airflow generated by the aeration of the lateral aeration holes 14 further aggravates the turbulence of the gas in the silo 2, avoiding insufficient aeration around the silo 2 to produce a local anaerobic environment.
[0034] An aeration pipe 15 and a drainage pipe 16 are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the air silo 3. The aeration pipe 15 passes through the fermentation silo main body 1 and is connected to the air intake system; the drainage pipe 16 passes through the fermentation silo main body 1 and is located on the outside. The bottom of the air silo 3 is tilted, with the side close to the drainage pipe 16 being the low side and the side close to the aeration pipe 15 being the high side. The aeration pipe 15 and the drainage pipe 16 enable the air silo 3 to have both aeration and drainage functions. The leachate generated by the organic solids in the silo 2 enters the air silo 3 through the bottom aeration holes 4. Under the action of the air flow of the air intake system and gravity, the leachate flows into the drainage pipe 16. The drainage pipe 16 is used to discharge the leachate generated in the silo 2 on the one hand, and to remove solid materials with smaller particle sizes that enter the air silo 3 through the bottom aeration holes 4 along with the leachate.
[0035] The air intake system includes a heating box 17, a heating pipe 18 assembly, and an aeration supply pipeline assembly. The heating pipe 18 assembly includes a plate-fin heat exchanger housed within the heating box 17, which houses the heating pipe 18. A three-way valve 19 is installed at the free end of the waste heat collection pipe 12, connecting the free end of the waste heat collection pipe 12 to the first port of the three-way valve 19. The second port of the three-way valve 19 connects to one end of the heating pipe 18, and the third port of the three-way valve 19 is connected to a hot air intake pipe 20. The other end of the heating pipe 18 connects to the air inlet 6 via a heated air intake pipe 25. The aeration supply pipeline assembly includes a fresh air intake pipe 21, which connects to the heating box 17 and the aeration pipe 15 and is equipped with a blower 22. The waste heat collection pipe 12 collects the heat collected by the air collecting cover 11 and transfers the heat to the heating pipe 18. The heating pipe 18 can heat the temperature of the air in the heating box 17, and then heat the fresh air sent in by the fresh air intake pipe 21 for aeration, reducing the impact of the external low-temperature air on the temperature in the silo 2 during aeration, and at the same time, avoiding the loss of temperature of the fermentation bin main body 1.
[0036] A one-way valve 23 is provided on the free end of the waste heat collection pipe 12 and the hot air intake pipe 20. The one-way valve 23 is used to prevent the gas in the heating pipe 18 from flowing back to the waste heat collection pipe 12 and the hot air intake pipe 20.
[0037] Preferably, but not limited to, the outlet pipe 8, the heating air inlet pipe 25, and the drain pipe 16 are all provided with a switch valve 24. The switch valve 24 can be a remote electromagnetic switch valve, and the closed state of the switch valve 24 can be remotely controlled by the control module to achieve the purpose of controlling the use state of the outlet pipe 8, the heating air inlet pipe 25, and the drain pipe 16.
[0038] In the heat-insulating composting fermentation device of the present invention, materials pretreated with additives such as auxiliary materials and bacterial agents are placed in silo 2. At the initial fermentation stage, the plate-fin heat exchanger preheats air to maintain an initial fermentation temperature of 40°C. The remaining heat from the heat exchanger is then passed through air interlayer 5 for further utilization, utilizing the heating function of air interlayer 5 to further elevate the initial fermentation temperature in silo 2. Maintaining the initial temperature at 40°C rapidly activates microbial activity, shortens fermentation time, and improves the safety of the fermented product. Over time, microbial decomposition of organic matter generates heat, and fermentation bin body 1 enters a high-temperature fermentation phase, with the temperature rising to 45-55°C. During this phase, the on / off valves 24 on the outlet pipe 8 and the heated inlet pipe 25 remain closed, preventing the flow of hot air into the air layer 5 and preventing heat loss from the fermentation bin body 1 due to air circulation within the layer. The air layer 5 remains sealed, providing insulation and heat preservation. The on / off valves 24 on the outlet pipe 8 and the heated inlet pipe 25 are periodically opened to refresh the air temperature within the air layer 5. After high-temperature fermentation concludes, the temperature drops. When the temperature of silo 2 falls below the temperature of the air after exchange in the plate-fin heat exchanger, the on / off valves 24 on the outlet pipe 8 and the heated inlet pipe 25 remain open to maintain the temperature within silo 2 and slow its temperature drop. Specifically, the switch valve 24 can be a remote electromagnetic switch valve, and the closing state of the switch valve 24 can be remotely controlled by the control module. When the temperature of the silo 2 is higher than the air interlayer 5, the switch valve 24 on the air outlet pipe 8 and the heating air inlet pipe 25 is closed, and the heat preservation function of the air interlayer 5 is exerted; when the temperature of the silo 2 is lower than the air interlayer 5, the switch valve 24 on the air outlet pipe 8 and the heating air inlet pipe 25 is opened, and hot air is continuously introduced, so that the heating function of the air interlayer 5 on the silo 2 is exerted, which can automatically adjust and maintain a suitable fermentation temperature.
[0039] The overall air pressure in the air silo 3 is consistent, avoiding the disadvantages of large pressure difference between the head and the end and uneven aeration in the traditional pipeline aeration system; in addition, the lateral aeration holes 14 can disturb the vertical airflow generated by the bottom aeration holes 4, making the aeration in the silo 2 more uniform. At the same time, the airflow generated by the side wall air holes can avoid the occurrence of aeration dead corners around the silo 2 and the phenomenon of local fermentation, thereby improving the aeration effect.
[0040] The leachate produced during the fermentation process enters the gas bin 3 through the bottom aeration holes 4 and is discharged through the drain pipe 16 under the action of gravity and airflow. The switch valve 24 on the drain pipe 16 also serves as a mud discharge valve and is used to remove a small amount of solid materials that enter the gas bin 3.
[0041] In summary, the present invention maintains high microbial activity within the fermentation chamber body 1 through uniform aeration and temperature control, thereby improving microbial decomposition efficiency, shortening fermentation time, increasing the harmlessness of materials, and enhancing composting efficiency. This significantly reduces the fermentation cycle and energy consumption during cold periods, resulting in significant economic and ecological benefits.
Claims
1. A composting fermentation device with heat preservation function, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fermentation bin main body, which is a concrete structure of a hollow square column structure, a material bin and an air bin are arranged inside the fermentation bin main body, the top opening of the material bin is connected to the upper end surface of the fermentation bin main body, the material bin is located at the top of the air bin and is connected to the air bin through multiple bottom aeration holes; an air collecting cover is provided at the top opening of the material bin, the cross section of the air collecting cover is a circular arc hollow structure, the lower end surface of the air collecting cover is provided with a hot air inlet, the upper end surface of the air collecting cover is provided with a waste heat collection air pipe, an air interlayer is provided around the material bin, a gas guide channel is provided in the air interlayer, an air inlet hole connected to the starting end of the gas guide channel and an air outlet hole connected to the end of the gas guide channel are respectively provided on one side of the bottom and the other side of the top of the fermentation bin main body; the air outlet hole is connected to the outlet pipe; An air intake system is provided outside the fermentation bin body, and the free end of the waste heat collection air pipe is connected to the air intake system, and the air intake system is used to deliver preheated gas and fresh air to the air interlayer and the air bin respectively.
2. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: An interlayer partition and a heat-insulating layer are arranged in the air interlayer.
3. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air inlet is connected to an interlayer cleaning pipe with a switch valve.
4. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the gas silo is a "concave"-shaped structure. An insulation layer is provided on the outer side wall of the top of the gas silo, and a plurality of lateral aeration holes connected to the interior of the silo are provided on the inner side wall. The direction of each lateral aeration hole is at an angle of 30° to 45° to the vertical direction.
5. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 4, characterized in that: An aeration pipe and a drainage pipe are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the gas bin. The aeration pipe passes through the fermentation bin body and is connected to the air intake system; the drainage pipe passes through the fermentation bin body and is located outside.
6. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the air bin is tilted, with the side close to the drain pipe being the low side and the side close to the aeration pipe being the high side.
7. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air intake system includes a heating box, a heating pipe assembly, and an aeration supply pipe assembly; the heating pipe assembly includes a plate-fin heat exchanger disposed in the heating box, and a heating pipe is disposed in the plate-fin heat exchanger; a three-way valve is disposed on the free end of the waste heat collection pipe, and the free end of the waste heat collection pipe is connected to a first port of the three-way valve; the second port of the three-way valve is connected to one end of the heating pipe, and the third port of the three-way valve is connected to a hot air intake pipe; the other end of the heating pipe is connected to the air intake hole through the heating intake pipe; The aeration supply pipeline assembly includes a fresh air intake pipe connected to the heating box and the aeration pipe, and a blower is provided on the fresh air intake pipe.
8. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 7, characterized in that: A one-way valve is provided on the free end of the waste heat collection pipe and the hot air intake pipe, and the one-way valve is used to prevent the gas in the heating pipe from flowing back to the waste heat collection pipe and the hot air intake pipe.
9. The composting fermentation device with heat preservation function according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air outlet pipe, the heating air inlet pipe and the drain pipe are all provided with switch valves.