System for anchoring dumping for open-cast mining

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for anchoring dumping soil in open-cast mining, which comprises a plurality of anchoring bodies and a plurality of drainage pipes, and each drainage pipe is obliquely arranged; the multiple anchoring ropes are arranged at intervals and located on the goaf soil discharging slope face of the soil discharging step from left to right, the lower ends of the anchoring ropes are bound with the anchoring body at the lowest end and are bound with the anchoring bodies and the drainage pipes from bottom to top, and the upper ends of the anchoring ropes extend to the flat plate of the soil discharging step; the fixing piles are fixed to the flat plate of the dumping step, and the lower ends of the fixing piles are bound with the fixing ropes, so that the anchoring body and the drainage pipe are fixed through the fixing ropes, and sliding before soil burying is avoided; according to the utility model, the cost is low, an anchoring body does not need to be arranged by drilling holes during the mining of a lower section, the slope angle of a secondary stripping surface is greatly increased, the cost generated by secondary stripping can be greatly reduced, the mining can be completed without stripping even in an area with good working conditions, and a slope surface can be reserved at a position close to the lower section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of open-pit mining, and in particular relates to a system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining. Background Art

[0002] Backfilling loose soil and rock removed from open-pit mining into the goaf—an internal dumping method—is not only environmentally friendly and green, but also reduces production costs. However, near-horizontal open-pit coal mines often use sectional mining, and mining in the lower sections requires secondary stripping of the internal dumping area near the mining area. To reduce secondary stripping between adjacent mining areas or between mining areas in open-pit mines, two existing mining solutions exist: trenching between mining areas and modification of the dumping material.

[0003] Retaining trenches between mining areas to reduce secondary stripping requires a large amount of space within the mining area, which is not conducive to efficient mining production. Therefore, it is often difficult to retain trenches in the entire area, and only some secondary stripping can be reduced. Mining in the lower section still requires secondary stripping and slope modification.

[0004] Modification of the spoil body involves modifying the spoil body during the spoiling process. Modification of the spoil body will inevitably change the slope excavation angle. One method for modifying the spoil body is to grade and layer the spoil body and then perform engineering compaction. While effective, this method does not meet the requirements of on-site construction processes and is technically and economically unfeasible. Another method for modifying the spoil body is to reinforce it with grouting. This method can meet production requirements compared to compaction construction processes; however, the grouting is difficult to control and unevenly distributed within the spoil body, resulting in a significantly lower modification efficiency than compaction. Therefore, grouting reinforcement is not only very expensive but also has a poor cost-effectiveness ratio, so it can only be used as an auxiliary means for local reinforcement. Another method for modifying the properties of the spoil body is geogrid reinforcement, which involves dividing the spoil body into several layers and laying grids on each layer. This method requires the spoiling process to divide a step into several levels, making it difficult to implement and apply in production.

[0005] Therefore, whether retaining a ditch or improving the mechanical properties of the dump, it is necessary to increase the dump slope angle. Therefore, seeking new technologies and processes to increase the slope angle and reduce the amount of secondary stripping is an important factor in achieving safe and efficient open-pit mining. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining, so as to solve the influence of spoil field in goaf on mining in lower section, thereby increasing the slope angle, reducing the amount of secondary stripping and improving the efficiency of open-pit mining.

[0007] The utility model adopts the following technical solution: a system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining, comprising:

[0008] Multiple anchor bodies are arranged at intervals from bottom to top and are located on the drainage slope of the goaf of the drainage step;

[0009] Multiple drainage pipes are arranged at intervals from bottom to top on the drainage slope of the goaf of the drainage step; each drainage pipe is arranged at an angle;

[0010] Multiple anchor ropes are arranged at intervals and located on the drainage slope of the goaf of the drainage step from left to right. The lower ends of the anchor ropes are tied to the lowest anchor body and are tied to each anchor body and drainage pipe from bottom to top. The upper ends of the anchor ropes extend to the flat plate of the drainage step.

[0011] A plurality of fixed piles are fixed on the flat plate of the soil discharge step, and the lower ends of the fixed piles are tied to the fixed ropes so that the fixed ropes fix the anchor body and the drainage pipe to prevent sliding before the soil is buried.

[0012] Furthermore, each anchoring body is arranged at an angle, and the anchoring end of the anchoring body is far away from the lower section, and the tensioning and tightening end is arranged close to the lower section.

[0013] Furthermore, the height at which the anchoring end of each anchoring body is located is higher than the height at which the tensioning and tightening end is located.

[0014] Furthermore, the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body is first installed with a tray and then fixed with a lock, which is suitable for working conditions that do not require secondary stripping.

[0015] Furthermore, a lock is installed at the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body, which is suitable for working conditions requiring secondary stripping. After the soil between the plane where the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body is located and the lower section is stripped, the lock is removed first, and then the tray and lock are installed in sequence.

[0016] Furthermore, when mining the lower section, the soil between the plane where the tensioned fastening end of each anchor body is located and the lower section is stripped, and after stripping, the slope surface of each soil discharge step close to the lower section is a secondary stripping slope surface;

[0017] Also includes:

[0018] Protective net, laid on the secondary stripping slope;

[0019] Horizontal protection rods and vertical protection rods, the horizontal protection rods are laid horizontally on the upper side of the protection net, and the vertical protection rods are laid obliquely on the upper side of the protection net along the slope of the secondary stripping slope; the intersection of the horizontal protection rods and the vertical protection rods is the tensioning and fastening end of the anchor body, so that the tray fixes the horizontal protection rods, the vertical protection rods and the protection net, thereby avoiding the soil interference of the secondary stripping slope in the lower section of coal mining.

[0020] Furthermore, each anchoring body includes: a rod body, the anchoring end of the rod body is fixedly connected to an anchoring reinforcement body, and a plurality of point reinforcement bodies are arranged on the rod body at intervals along the direction of the rod body. The anchoring reinforcement body and the point reinforcement bodies are all concrete blocks, steel plates or steel bars.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0022] The utility model has low cost, does not require drilling and installing anchor bodies when mining in the lower section, greatly improves the slope angle of the secondary stripping surface, can greatly reduce the cost of secondary stripping, and can even complete mining without stripping in areas with good working conditions, and can also reserve a slope near the lower section;

[0023] The anchor bodies of the utility model are connected to each other, so that the anchor bodies form an anchoring network, thereby anchoring the soil near the lower section of the soil discharge slope of each soil discharge step, thereby increasing the anchoring effect on the soil;

[0024] The anchoring body of the utility model is provided with a plurality of point-shaped reinforcement bodies arranged at intervals, and an anchor reinforcement body is fixedly connected to the anchoring end, which strengthens the anchoring effect to a certain extent;

[0025] If the rod body of the anchor body of the utility model is set as a hollow structure, it can not only improve the anchoring resistance, but also improve the intrinsic physical and mechanical parameters of the loose medium, which is more conducive to improving the slope angle and reducing engineering costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the use state of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of another embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model when viewed from the front of the secondary peeling slope;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mining scene in which the present invention is located, and before secondary stripping;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mining scene in which the utility model is located and after secondary stripping.

[0032] Among them: 10. Anchor body; 11. Lock; 12. Pallet; 13. Protection net; 14. Horizontal protection rod; 15. Vertical protection rod; 16. Drain pipe; 17. Anchor rope; 18. Goaf; 19. Goaf drainage slope; 20. Lower section drainage slope; 21. Flat plate; 22. Drainage step; 23. Secondary stripping slope; 24. Lower section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more. The "direction" in the present invention is based on the position of the present invention in the direction of the present invention. Figure 1 Description of the direction of the state.

[0035] The utility model discloses a system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining. Figure 1 As shown, it includes multiple anchor bodies 10, multiple drainage pipes 16, multiple anchor ropes 17, and multiple fixed piles.

[0036] Multiple anchor bodies 10 are spaced apart from each other from bottom to top, and multiple anchor bodies 10 are located on the goaf discharge slope 19 of the discharge step 22; multiple drainage pipes 16 are spaced apart from each other from bottom to top, and multiple drainage pipes 16 are located on the goaf discharge slope 19 of the discharge step 22; each drainage pipe 16 is arranged at an angle.

[0037] Multiple anchor ropes 17 are arranged at intervals, and multiple anchor ropes 17 are located on the goaf discharge slope 19 of the discharge step 22 from left to right. The lower ends of the multiple anchor ropes 17 are tied to the lowest anchor body 10, and are tied to each anchor body 10 and the drainage pipe 16 from bottom to top. The upper ends of the multiple anchor ropes 17 extend to the flat plate 21 of the discharge step 22.

[0038] A plurality of fixed piles are fixed to the flat plate 21 of the soil discharge step 22, and the lower ends of the plurality of fixed piles are tied to the fixing ropes so that the fixing ropes fix the anchor body 10 and the drainage pipe 16 to prevent sliding before the soil is buried.

[0039] Each anchor body 10 is arranged at an angle, and the anchoring end of the anchor body 10 is away from the lower section 24, and the tensioning end is arranged close to the lower section 24. The anchoring end of each anchor body 10 is located at a higher height than the tensioning end.

[0040] Each anchor 10 comprises a rod, with an anchoring reinforcement fixedly connected to the anchoring end of the rod. Multiple point reinforcements are spaced along the rod. Both the anchoring reinforcement and point reinforcements are concrete blocks, steel plates, or steel bars. The steel plates or bars are oriented perpendicular to the direction of the anchor and face downward, effectively locking into the rock and soil, thereby enhancing the anchoring effect.

[0041] The rod of the anchor body 10 can also be designed as a hollow structure with multiple holes in the outer wall, so that grouting can be injected into the rod cavity in the event of insufficient anchoring force later. This allows the grout to be discharged from the holes into the soil to strengthen the anchoring effect, thereby increasing the anchoring resistance and improving the inherent physical and mechanical parameters of the loose medium, further helping to increase the slope angle and reduce project costs. The number and performance of the anchor bodies 10 should be determined based on the geotechnical properties.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body 10 is first installed with a tray 12 and then fixed with a lock 11, which is suitable for working conditions where secondary stripping is not required.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment, a lock 11 is installed at the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body 10, which is suitable for working conditions that require secondary stripping. After the soil stripping between the plane where the tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body 10 is located and the lower section 24 is completed, the lock 11 is removed first, and then the tray 12 and the lock 11 are installed in sequence.

[0044] When mining the lower section 24, the soil between the plane where the tensioned and fastened ends of each anchor body 10 are located and the lower section 24 is stripped, and after stripping, the slope surface of each soil discharge step 22 close to the lower section 24 is the secondary stripping slope surface 23; the locks 11 of each anchor body 10 are removed, and the protective net 13 is first laid on the secondary stripping slope surface 23, and then the horizontal protection rod 14 and the vertical protection rod 15 are placed on the upper side of the protection net 13, so that the intersection of the horizontal protection rod 14 and the vertical protection rod 15 is the tensioned and fastened end of the anchor body 10, and then the tray 12 and the lock 11 are installed in sequence on the tensioned and fastened end of the anchor body 10, so that the tray 12 fixes the horizontal protection rod 14 and the vertical protection rod 15 and the protective net 13, and prevents the soil close to the secondary stripping slope surface 23 in each soil discharge step 22 from interfering with coal mining in the lower section 24. At this time, there is no need to reinforce the secondary peeling slope 23 again. It is only necessary to install the tray 12 and the lock 11 at the tensioning and fastening end of the anchor body 10.

[0045] Therefore, if Figure 4 As shown, the utility model further includes: a protection net 13 , a horizontal protection rod 14 and a vertical protection rod 15 .

[0046] The protective net 13 is laid on the secondary stripping slope 23; the horizontal protective rod 14 is laid horizontally on the upper side of the protective net 13, and the vertical protective rod 15 is laid obliquely on the upper side of the protective net 13 along the slope of the secondary stripping slope 23; the intersection of the horizontal protective rod 14 and the vertical protective rod 15 is the tensioning and fastening end of the anchor body 10, so that the tray 12 fixes the horizontal protective rod 14, the vertical protective rod 15 and the protective net 13, thereby avoiding the soil interference of the secondary stripping slope 23 in the lower section 24 for coal mining.

[0047] The method of using the utility model is as follows:

[0048] During open-pit mining, the coalfield is divided into multiple adjacent mining areas for mining, and the stripped rock and soil generated during the excavation of each mining area is discharged into the goaf 18; and continuously accumulated in the goaf 18 to form multiple layers of soil discharge steps 22; each soil discharge step 22 has a side facing the goaf 18 as the goaf soil discharge slope 19, and a side facing the lower section 24 as the lower section soil discharge slope 20; the width and length of each soil discharge step 22 decrease layer by layer from bottom to top.

[0049] Here, the lower section 24 refers to the area adjacent to the area being mined.

[0050] The soil discharge transport tool travels on the flat plate 21 of each soil discharge step 22 and dumps the soil on the soil discharge slope of each soil discharge step 22, so that the soil continues to expand toward the mining area along the soil discharge slope 19 of the goaf of the soil discharge step 22 and accumulates along the goaf soil discharge slope 19 and continues to move forward along the horizontal plane.

[0051] During soil discharge, when the lower section soil discharge slope 20 of each soil discharge step 22 reaches the predetermined slope line, an anchor body 10 is placed on the soil discharge slope 19 of the goaf area of each soil discharge step 22, so that the anchoring end of the anchor body 10 is away from the lower section 24 and the tensioning and tightening end is set close to the lower section 24, thereby allowing the anchor body 10 to anchor the soil of each soil discharge step 22 close to the lower section soil discharge slope 20, thereby avoiding soil interference with the mining of the coal seam in the lower section 24.

[0052] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, in the present invention, the angle between the secondary stripping slope 23 after construction is completed and the horizontal plane of the goaf 18 is 30-55 degrees, preferably up to 45 degrees, which improves the slope angle and reduces engineering costs.

[0053] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for anchoring spoil in open pit mining, characterized in that: include: A plurality of anchor bodies (10) are arranged at intervals from bottom to top and are located on the goaf drainage slope (19) of the drainage step (22); A plurality of drainage pipes (16) are arranged at intervals from bottom to top and are located on the soil discharge slope (19) of the goaf of the soil discharge step (22); each of the drainage pipes (16) is arranged obliquely; A plurality of anchor ropes (17) are arranged at intervals and are located from left to right on the goaf discharge slope (19) of the discharge step (22). The lower ends of the anchor ropes are tied to the lowest anchor body (10) and are tied to each anchor body (10) and the drainage pipe (16) from bottom to top. The upper ends of the anchor ropes extend to the flat plate (21) of the discharge step (22). A plurality of fixed piles are fixed on the flat plate (21) of the soil discharge step (22), and the lower ends of the fixed piles are tied to the fixed ropes so that the fixed ropes fix the anchor body (10) and the drainage pipe (16) to prevent sliding before the soil is buried.

2. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each anchoring body (10) is arranged at an angle, and the anchoring end of the anchoring body (10) is far away from the lower section (24), and the tensioning and tightening end is arranged close to the lower section (24).

3. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height at which the anchoring end of each anchoring body (10) is located is higher than the height at which the tensioning and tightening end is located.

4. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioning and fastening end of each anchor body (10) is first installed with a tray (12) and then with a lock (11), which is suitable for working conditions that do not require secondary stripping.

5. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioned fastening end of each anchor body (10) is installed with a lock (11), which is suitable for working conditions that require secondary stripping. After the soil stripping between the plane where the tensioned fastening end of each anchor body (10) is located and the lower section (24) is completed, the lock (11) is first removed, and then the tray (12) and the lock (11) are installed in sequence.

6. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the lower section (24) is mined, the soil between the plane where the tensioned fastening end of each anchor body (10) is located and the lower section (24) is stripped, and after the stripping, the slope surface of each soil discharge step (22) close to the lower section (24) is a secondary stripping slope surface (23); Also includes: A protective net (13) is laid on the secondary stripping slope (23); Horizontal protection bars (14) and vertical protection bars (15), the horizontal protection bars (14) are horizontally laid on the upper side of the protection net (13), and the vertical protection bars (15) are obliquely laid on the upper side of the protection net (13) along the slope of the secondary stripping slope (23); the intersection of the horizontal protection bars (14) and the vertical protection bars (15) is the tensioning and fastening end of the anchor body (10), so that the tray (12) fixes the horizontal protection bars (14) and the vertical protection bars (15) and the protection net (13), thereby avoiding soil interference in the secondary stripping slope (23) when mining coal in the lower section (24).

7. A system for anchoring spoil in open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each anchor body (10) comprises a rod body, the anchoring end of the rod body is fixedly connected to an anchor reinforcement body, and a plurality of point reinforcement bodies are arranged on the rod body at intervals along the direction of the rod body. The anchor reinforcement body and the point reinforcement bodies are concrete blocks, steel plates or steel bars.

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