Laser cladding and turning and polishing combined processing machine tool

Abstract

The utility model provides a laser cladding and turning and polishing combined machine tool, which belongs to the field of machining equipment and comprises a machine tool body, a machine tool spindle box and a machine tool tailstock are arranged at two ends of the machine tool body, a linear guide rail pair I is arranged on the surface of the machine tool body, and a laser cladding mechanism assembly is horizontally mounted on the linear guide rail pair I in a sliding manner. The laser cladding mechanism assembly is in transmission connection with a linear driving mechanism I; the linear guide rail pair I is further horizontally and slidably provided with a turning and polishing mechanism assembly, the turning and polishing mechanism assembly comprises a turning and polishing sliding seat slidably installed on the linear guide rail pair I, the turning and polishing sliding seat is in transmission connection with a linear driving mechanism II, and a turning mechanism and a polishing mechanism are arranged on the surface of the turning and polishing sliding seat. The laser cladding device has the beneficial effects that the problems of low production efficiency, non-uniform cladding layer thickness, high production cost and the like when high-precision shaft laser cladding parts are prepared in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of mechanical processing equipment, and in particular relates to a laser cladding and lathing composite processing machine tool. Background Art

[0002] With the development of metal surface modification technology, laser cladding technology is becoming increasingly widespread in industrial production applications. Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to melt metal powder onto the surface of a component, solidifying it in a very short time to form a dense coating. It is often used to prepare high-performance protective coatings to improve the material's surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and high temperature resistance, thereby improving the service life of components, production efficiency, and product quality.

[0003] Currently, the typical manufacturing sequence for laser-clad shaft parts is: turning the blank → laser cladding → turning the finished part. For workpieces requiring a high surface finish, polishing is generally required. However, existing techniques typically require three or four workpiece clampings to produce a high-precision part requiring laser cladding, turning, and polishing. Multiple clampings not only reduce production efficiency but also, because it is difficult to ensure consistent concentricity during these multiple clampings, can easily lead to problems such as uneven cladding layer thickness and increased processing effort. This, in turn, results in high production costs, low production efficiency, and compromised workpiece performance and quality.

[0004] In addition, although some manufacturers have begun to produce composite machining centers that integrate multiple machining processes, existing composite machining centers often only have turning units and cladding units, and do not have polishing functions; therefore, for workpieces with higher surface finish requirements, they still require secondary clamping operations. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem solved by the utility model is to provide a laser cladding and turning-polishing composite processing machine tool, which can complete the four processing steps of turning the blank, laser cladding, turning the finished product, and polishing the finished product after one clamping, thereby solving the problems of low production efficiency, uneven cladding layer thickness, high production cost, etc. in the existing technology for preparing high-precision shaft laser cladding parts.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the utility model is: a laser cladding and turning-polishing composite processing machine tool, including a bed, a machine tool spindle box and a machine tool tailstock are arranged at both ends of the bed, and a linear guide pair I is provided on the surface of the bed, and a laser cladding mechanism assembly is horizontally slidably installed on the linear guide pair I, and the laser cladding mechanism assembly is transmission-connected to the linear drive mechanism I; the linear guide pair I is also horizontally slidably installed on the turning-polishing mechanism assembly, and the turning-polishing mechanism assembly includes a turning-polishing slide slidably installed on the linear guide pair I, and the turning-polishing slide is transmission-connected to the linear drive mechanism II, and the surface of the turning-polishing slide is provided with a turning mechanism and a polishing mechanism. Based on this, after the workpiece is clamped, the utility model can not only perform laser cladding processing on the clamped workpiece through the laser cladding mechanism assembly, but also perform blank turning processing and finished product turning processing on the clamped workpiece through the turning mechanism in the turning and polishing mechanism assembly, and perform finished product polishing processing through the polishing mechanism. Moreover, in the above four processing steps, it only requires one clamping, thereby overcoming the problems of low production efficiency, uneven cladding layer thickness, and high production cost in the existing technology for preparing high-precision shaft laser cladding parts.

[0007] Furthermore, the turning mechanism includes a linear guide pair II arranged on the surface of the lathe slide, the linear guide pair II is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to the linear guide pair I, the linear guide pair II is horizontally slidably installed with a tool holder slide, the lower side of the tool holder slide is transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism III, the front side of the tool holder slide is provided with a linear guide pair III, the linear guide pair III is slidably installed with a tool holder mounting seat, and the tool holder mounting seat is transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism IV; the tool holder mounting seat is installed with a lathe tool holder, and the lathe tool holder can be used to install the tools required for processing to complete the corresponding turning process.

[0008] Furthermore, the polishing mechanism includes a linear guide pair IV mounted on the surface of the polishing slide. Linear guide pair IV is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to linear guide pair I. A polishing slide is mounted horizontally on linear guide pair IV. A linear drive mechanism V is connected to the bottom of the polishing slide. A polishing assembly is mounted on the top of the polishing slide. This polishing assembly can polish workpieces held by the machine tool's spindle box and tailstock. The polishing assembly can utilize commonly available polishing equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, the laser cladding mechanism assembly includes a cladding slide, which is slidably mounted on a linear guide pair I and is transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism I; an industrial robot is mounted on the surface of the cladding slide, and a laser cladding head is mounted on the end output shaft of the industrial robot. The movement of the industrial robot can drive the laser cladding head to move at multiple angles to meet the cladding requirements of the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, a laser head protective cover is installed at the end of the bed, and the laser cladding head can be located inside the laser head protective cover. This allows the laser cladding assembly to be controlled to move along linear guide pair I to the right end of the bed, with the laser cladding head placed in the laser head protective cover to prevent it from being accidentally damaged by debris generated during the turning process. When the laser cladding assembly is in operation, the laser cladding assembly can be controlled to move along linear guide pair I to the left end of the bed, avoiding accidental damage.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer cover of the bed is provided with a surrounding sheet metal, and the laser cladding mechanism assembly, lathe polishing mechanism assembly, machine tool spindle box, machine tool tailstock and other components arranged on the bed are surrounded by the surrounding sheet metal to prevent the laser generated during the processing from causing harm to the operator.

[0012] Furthermore, a telescopic dust cover I is installed on the side of the lathe-throwing mechanism assembly away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly, and the end of the telescopic dust cover I away from the lathe-throwing mechanism assembly is fixedly connected to the bed; a telescopic dust cover II is installed between the lathe-throwing mechanism assembly and the laser cladding mechanism assembly; a telescopic dust cover III is installed on the side of the laser cladding mechanism assembly away from the lathe-throwing mechanism assembly, and the end of the telescopic dust cover III away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly is fixedly connected to the bed; the telescopic dust cover I, telescopic dust cover II and telescopic dust cover III are arranged above the linear guide pair I, linear drive mechanism I and linear drive mechanism II, and prevent dust, debris and other debris during the processing from entering the linear guide pair I, linear drive mechanism I and linear drive mechanism II.

[0013] Furthermore, the turning and polishing mechanism assembly is located between the laser cladding mechanism assembly and the machine tool spindle box.

[0014] Furthermore, the machine tool spindle box is fixedly mounted on the bed, a machine tool hard rail is provided at the front end of the bed, the machine tool tailstock is horizontally slidably mounted on the machine tool hard rail, and can move linearly along the machine tool hard rail under the drive of the linear drive mechanism VI to which it is connected to clamp the workpiece being processed.

[0015] Furthermore, the linear guide pair I and / or the machine tool hard rail are arranged tilted, and the tilt angle is preferably 15-30 degrees, so as to facilitate the operator to observe the tool setting and facilitate chip removal.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention can not only perform laser cladding processing on the clamped workpiece through the laser cladding mechanism assembly, but also perform blank turning processing and finished product turning processing on the clamped workpiece through the turning mechanism in the lathe-polishing mechanism assembly, and perform finished product polishing processing through the polishing mechanism. Moreover, in the above four processing steps, it only needs one clamping, so that it can overcome the problems of low production efficiency, uneven thickness of the cladding layer, and high production cost in the preparation of high-precision shaft-type laser cladding parts in the existing technology, and ensure the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of high-precision shaft-type laser cladding parts. At the same time, compared with conventional composite processing machine tools, the present invention has a structure in which the laser cladding mechanism assembly and the lathe-polishing mechanism assembly are arranged on the same side and share the same linear guide pair, which can also reduce the width and volume of the entire processing machine tool, greatly reduce the machine tool footprint, effectively reduce the company's requirements for factory space, and improve site utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the utility model after the surrounding sheet metal and protective cover are hidden;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the vehicle throwing mechanism assembly in the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the laser cladding mechanism assembly and the laser head protective cover in the utility model.

[0022] Figure: 1. Sheet metal enclosure; 2. Telescopic dust cover I; 3. Telescopic dust cover II; 4. Telescopic dust cover III; 5. Operating table; 6. Machine bed unit; 601. Bed; 602. Machine hard rail; 603. Linear guide pair I; 604. Linear drive mechanism I; 605. Linear drive mechanism II; 7. Laser cladding mechanism assembly; 701. Cladding slide; 702. Industrial robot; 703. Laser cladding head; 8. Turning and polishing mechanism assembly ;801, lathe-polishing slide;802, linear guide pair II;803, linear drive mechanism III;804, tool holder slide;805, linear guide pair III;806, linear drive mechanism IV;807, tool holder mounting seat;808, lathe tool holder;809, polishing assembly;810, polishing slide;811, linear guide pair IV;812, linear drive mechanism V;9, machine tool spindle box;10, machine tool tailstock;11, laser head protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a laser cladding and lathe-polishing composite processing machine tool, which includes a machine bed unit 6, a surrounding sheet metal 1 arranged outside the machine bed unit 6, and an operating table 5 arranged outside the surrounding sheet metal 1.

[0025] Specifically in this embodiment, the machine tool bed unit 6 includes a bed 601, and a machine tool spindle box 9 is fixedly installed on the left end of the front half of the bed 601, and a machine tool hard rail 602 parallel to its own length direction is provided at the right end of the front half of the bed 601, and a machine tool tailstock 10 is horizontally slidably installed on the machine tool hard rail 602, and the machine tool tailstock 10 is coaxially arranged with the machine tool spindle box 9, and the lower side of the machine tool tailstock 10 is connected to the linear drive mechanism VI, and can be moved along the machine tool hard rail 602 under the drive of the linear drive mechanism VI to approach or move away from the machine tool spindle box 9, thereby clamping or releasing the corresponding workpiece to be processed, and the linear drive mechanism VI preferably adopts a screw pair with high precision characteristics.

[0026] In the rear half of the bed 601, the surface of the bed 601 is provided with a linear guide pair I 603 parallel to its own length direction, and the linear guide pair I 603 is horizontally slidably installed with a laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 and a turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8. Moreover, the turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8 can be set between the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 and the machine tool spindle box 9, and the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 can also be set between the turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8 and the machine tool spindle box 9.

[0027] Specifically, the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 is used to perform laser cladding processing on the workpiece to be processed. Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 includes a cladding slide 701, which is slidably mounted on a linear guide pair I 603 and is transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism I 604. Furthermore, an industrial robot 702 is mounted on the surface of the cladding slide 701, with a laser cladding head 703 mounted on the output shaft of the end of the industrial robot 702. Thus, after the workpiece is clamped by the machine tool's spindle box 9 and tailstock 10 and the blank is turned, the present invention controls the cladding slide 701 to move horizontally on the machine bed 601, controlling the industrial robot 702 to drive the laser cladding head 703 through multiple angles, thereby completing the laser cladding operation on the workpiece. Preferably, the industrial robot 702 is a robot with more than three degrees of freedom, and the linear drive mechanism I 604 is a high-precision lead screw pair.

[0028] Furthermore, to prevent the laser cladding head 703 from being accidentally damaged by the turning mechanism assembly 8 when not in operation, the present invention further provides a laser head protective cover 11 on the bed 601, near one end of the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7, and enables the laser cladding head 703 to be moved within the laser head protective cover 11. Thus, when the turning mechanism assembly 8 is in operation, the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 can be controlled to move along the linear guide pair I 603 to the end of the bed 601, and the laser cladding head 703 can be placed within the laser head protective cover 11 through the movement of the industrial robot 702, thereby preventing it from being accidentally damaged by debris generated during the turning process. Similarly, when the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 is in operation, the present invention can also control the turning mechanism assembly 8 to move along the linear guide pair I 603 to the other end of the bed 601, thereby preventing it from being accidentally damaged.

[0029] The turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8 is used to perform blank turning, finished product turning and finished product polishing on the workpiece to be processed. Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown, the turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8 comprises a turning and polishing slide 801 slidably mounted on a linear guide pair I 603. The bottom of the turning and polishing slide 801 is connected to a linear drive mechanism II 605, which also preferably utilizes a high-precision lead screw pair. The top surface of the turning and polishing slide 801 is provided with a turning mechanism and a polishing mechanism.

[0030] The turning mechanism includes a linear guide pair II 802 mounted on the surface of a turning and polishing slide 801. This linear guide pair II 802 is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to linear guide pair I 603. A tool holder slide 804 is horizontally slidably mounted on this linear guide pair II 802. A linear drive mechanism III 803 is connected to the bottom of this tool holder slide 804, allowing it to move along this linear guide pair II 802 to move closer to or further from the workpiece being machined. A linear guide pair III 805 is mounted on the front side of this tool holder slide 804. This linear guide pair III 805 is an inclined guide with its upper end tilted backward. A tool holder mount 807 is slidably mounted on this linear guide pair III 805. A linear drive mechanism IV 806 is connected to the rear side of this tool holder mount 807, allowing it to move along this linear guide pair III 805 to adjust its height and horizontal position. The tool holder mounting seat 807 is installed with a lathe tool holder 808 , and the tool required for processing can be installed through the lathe tool holder 808 to complete the corresponding turning process.

[0031] The polishing mechanism includes a linear guide pair IV 811 arranged on the surface of the lathe-polishing slide 801. The linear guide pair IV 811 is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to the linear guide pair I 603, and the linear guide pair IV 811 is horizontally slidably mounted with a polishing slide 810. The lower side of the polishing slide 810 is connected to a linear drive mechanism V 812, and can be moved along the linear guide pair IV 811 under the drive of the linear drive mechanism V 812 to approach or move away from the workpiece to be processed. The upper side of the polishing slide 810 is installed with a polishing assembly 809, and the workpiece clamped by the machine tool spindle box 9 and the machine tool tailstock 10 can be polished by the polishing assembly 809. Moreover, the polishing assembly 809 can adopt common polishing equipment on the market.

[0032] In addition, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention further comprises a telescopic dust cover I2 fixedly mounted on the side of the lathe-casting mechanism assembly 8 away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7, and the end of the telescopic dust cover I2 away from the lathe-casting mechanism assembly 8 is fixedly connected to the bed 601; a telescopic dust cover II3 is mounted between the lathe-casting mechanism assembly 8 and the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7, and the ends of the telescopic dust cover II3 are respectively fixedly connected to the lathe-casting mechanism assembly 8 and the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7; a telescopic dust cover III4 is fixedly mounted on the side of the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 away from the lathe-casting mechanism assembly 8, and the end of the telescopic dust cover III4 away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the bed 601. At the same time, the telescopic dust covers I2, II3, and III4 also need to be covered above the linear guide pair I603, the linear drive mechanism I604, and the linear drive mechanism II605. Thus, during the machining process, the present invention can always prevent dust, debris, and other debris from entering the linear guide pair I603, linear drive mechanism I604, and linear drive mechanism II605 through the telescopic dust cover I2, telescopic dust cover II3, and telescopic dust cover III4. Furthermore, the telescopic dust cover I2 is made of metal, and the telescopic dust cover II3 and telescopic dust cover III4 can be made of metal or other fireproof materials.

[0033] At the same time, the present invention also preferably arranges the linear guide pair I 603 and the machine tool hard rail 602 at an angle, and sets the inclination angle between 15-30 degrees to facilitate chip removal and observation of tool setting.

[0034] Based on this, the utility model can not only perform laser cladding processing on the clamped workpiece through the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7, but also perform blank turning processing and finished product turning processing on the clamped workpiece through the turning mechanism in the turning and polishing mechanism assembly 8, and perform finished product polishing processing through the polishing mechanism. Moreover, in the above four processing steps, it only needs to be clamped once, thereby enabling it to overcome the problems of low production efficiency, uneven thickness of the cladding layer, and high production cost in the existing technology for preparing high-precision shaft laser cladding parts, and ensure the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of high-precision shaft laser cladding parts.

[0035] At the same time, since the laser cladding mechanism assembly 7 and the lathe-polishing mechanism assembly 8 share a set of linear guide rails, and the lathe mechanism and the polishing mechanism share a set of linear drive mechanisms and linear guide rails, the duplication of guide rail components and drive components can be reduced, reducing manufacturing material costs and assembly complexity. Moreover, during later maintenance, technicians only need to inspect and maintain the same guide rail system, which significantly simplifies the maintenance process, reduces maintenance costs, shortens downtime for maintenance, and further improves production efficiency. In addition, the compact structure can also reduce the vibration transmission caused by the dispersion of components during machine operation, making the processing process more stable, which is conducive to improving the processing accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece, and ensuring the consistency and reliability of product quality.

[0036] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A laser cladding and lathing composite machining machine, comprising a bed (601), a machine tool spindle box (9) and a machine tool tailstock (10) being provided at both ends of the bed (601), a linear guide pair I (603) being provided on the surface of the bed (601), a laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) being horizontally slidably mounted on the linear guide pair I (603), and the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) being transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism I (604); characterized in that: The linear guide pair I (603) is also horizontally slidably mounted with a turning and polishing mechanism assembly (8), which includes a turning and polishing slide (801) slidably mounted on the linear guide pair I (603), the turning and polishing slide (801) being transmission-connected with a linear drive mechanism II (605), and a turning mechanism and a polishing mechanism being arranged on the surface of the turning and polishing slide (801).

2. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turning mechanism includes a linear guide pair II (802) arranged on the surface of a lathe slide (801), the linear guide pair II (802) is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to the linear guide pair I (603), the linear guide pair II (802) is horizontally slidably mounted with a tool holder slide (804), the lower side of the tool holder slide (804) is transmission-connected with a linear drive mechanism III (803), the front side of the tool holder slide (804) is provided with a linear guide pair III (805), the linear guide pair III (805) is slidably mounted with a tool holder mounting seat (807), the tool holder mounting seat (807) is transmission-connected with a linear drive mechanism IV (806); the tool holder mounting seat (807) is installed with a lathe tool holder (808).

3. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing mechanism includes a linear guide pair IV (811) arranged on the surface of the polishing slide (801), the linear guide pair IV (811) is a horizontal guide pair perpendicular to the linear guide pair I (603), the linear guide pair IV (811) is horizontally slidably mounted with a polishing slide (810), the lower side of the polishing slide (810) is transmission-connected with a linear drive mechanism V (812), and the upper side of the polishing slide (810) is mounted with a polishing assembly (809).

4. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) comprises a cladding slide (701), which is slidably mounted on a linear guide pair I (603) and is transmission-connected to a linear drive mechanism I (604); an industrial robot (702) is mounted on the surface of the cladding slide (701), and a laser cladding head (703) is mounted on the terminal output shaft of the industrial robot (702).

5. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A laser head protective cover (11) is provided at the end of the bed (601), and the laser cladding head (703) can be located inside the laser head protective cover (11).

6. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The outer side cover of the bed (601) is provided with a surrounding sheet metal (1).

7. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A telescopic dust cover I (2) is installed on the side of the turning mechanism assembly (8) away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7), and one end of the telescopic dust cover I (2) away from the turning mechanism assembly (8) is fixedly connected to the bed (601); a telescopic dust cover II (3) is installed between the turning mechanism assembly (8) and the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7); a telescopic dust cover III (4) is installed on the side of the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) away from the turning mechanism assembly (8), and one end of the telescopic dust cover III (4) away from the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) is fixedly connected to the bed (601); the telescopic dust cover I (2), the telescopic dust cover II (3) and the telescopic dust cover III (4) are arranged above the linear guide pair I (603), the linear drive mechanism I (604) and the linear drive mechanism II (605).

8. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The lathe-casting mechanism assembly (8) is located between the laser cladding mechanism assembly (7) and the machine tool spindle box (9).

9. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The machine tool spindle box (9) is fixedly mounted on the bed (601), a machine tool hard rail (602) is provided at the front end of the bed (601), and the machine tool tailstock (10) is horizontally slidably mounted on the machine tool hard rail (602).

10. The laser cladding and lathe-polishing combined machining machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The linear guide pair I (603) and / or the machine tool hard rail (602) are arranged tilted.

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