Thermal cracking and separating device for tar generated from straw

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thermal cracking and separating device for generating tar from straw, which comprises a reaction kettle body, a straw powder bin, a powder valve, a condenser interface, a vacuum machine interface, a catalyst tank, a stirring unit, a conveying unit, a circulating heating pump, a heat conduction oil tank and a heat conduction oil valve. The circulating heating pump is used for heating, steam fuel enters the condenser, straw powder disintegrating slag can be discharged from the discharging port by starting the conveying unit, and the device is convenient in structural member and operation, can separate a fuel liquid carrier through thermal cracking catalysis, and is high in oil purity, high in fuel value and high in energy utilization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of producing liquid fuel through thermal cracking of straw, in particular to a separation device for producing biomass liquid fuel. Background Art

[0002] Pyrolysis is the process of breaking down organic matter into hydrocarbons, gases, liquids, and solids under high temperature conditions. Pyrolysis is an important chemical reaction widely used in energy production (such as petroleum refining and biomass energy conversion) and organic synthesis (such as the preparation of plastics and rubber). The chemical reactions involved in pyrolysis can be divided into two categories: primary reactions and side reactions. Primary reactions are the primary reactions that generate products such as hydrocarbons and gases in one step during the pyrolysis process. Side reactions are those that occur in addition to the primary reaction.

[0003] One of the main reactions in thermal cracking is the cleavage of carbon-hydrogen bonds. At high temperatures, carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic molecules break, generating free radicals and hydrocarbons, releasing energy. When these free radicals come into contact with other organic molecules, they can trigger a chain reaction, forming more hydrocarbon products. The cracking products primarily include different types of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. However, thermal cracking in existing technologies involves multiple steps of heating and separation, generating steam that is then condensed and cooled. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also cumbersome to operate. Therefore, a simple device is needed that can continuously heat, quickly separate the fuel and slag phases, and quickly discharge the slag after the reaction. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a straw tar thermal cracking and separation device, including a reactor body, a straw powder silo, a powder valve, a condenser interface, a vacuum machine interface, a catalyst tank, a stirring unit, a conveying unit, a cooling and separation unit, a circulating heating pump, a thermal oil tank, and a thermal oil valve. The stirring unit includes a stirrer and a stirring motor, the conveying unit includes a conveying motor, a conveying impeller, a discharge valve, and a discharge port, the cooling and separation unit includes a condenser and an oil-water extraction tank, the straw powder silo is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body, a powder valve is arranged between the straw powder silo and the reactor body, the catalyst tank is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body, the condenser interface and the vacuum machine interface are arranged between the straw powder silo and the catalyst tank, and are located on the upper side of the reactor body. The conveying unit is arranged directly below the reactor body, the thermal oil tank is arranged on one side of the reactor body, the circulating heating pump is arranged on one side of the reactor body, and is arranged on the same side of the reactor body as the thermal oil tank. At the same time, the circulating heating pump is directly below the thermal oil tank. The upper end of the condenser is connected to the condenser interface, and the lower end is connected to the oil-water extraction tank.

[0005] Preferably, the stirring unit includes an agitator and a stirring motor, the agitator and the stirring motor are fixedly connected, and the rotation of the stirring motor drives the agitator to rotate synchronously, the agitator is arranged inside the reactor body, and the stirring motor is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body.

[0006] Preferably, the conveying unit includes a conveying motor, a conveying impeller, a discharge valve, and a discharge port; the conveying motor and the conveying impeller are connected via a worm gear transmission, and the discharge valve is arranged just above the discharge port.

[0007] Preferably, the filter layer at the inlet and outlet of the circulating heating pump includes but is not limited to a filter screen, a mesh screen, etc.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0009] 1. The circulating heating pump is equipped with a filter to prevent straw powder from entering the circulating heating pump and causing blockage during the heating process. When the conveying unit is set to discharge the straw residue, the solid residue cannot be discharged and the discharge port is blocked.

[0010] 2. By gradually and continuously heating to high temperature, the reaction between the heat transfer oil and the straw powder is promoted, and the catalyst is added to accelerate the reaction, the liquid heat carrier, namely the steam fuel oil, can be separated. The separated steam fuel oil is condensed and cooled in the condenser, and then the oil-water separation is carried out. The separated fuel oil has good oil quality and high calorific value.

[0011] 3. After the steam fuel is condensed and cooled, the wood vinegar and a small amount of water separated from the fuel are separated and used separately. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling and separation device of the present utility model;

[0014] 1: Reactor body, 11: Straw powder silo, 2: Condenser interface, 3: Catalyst tank, 4: Vacuum machine interface, 5: Stirring motor, 51: Stirrer, 6: Conveying motor, 61: Conveying impeller, 62: Discharge valve, 63: Discharge port, 7: Circulating heating pump, 71: Filter, 72: Filter, 8: Thermal oil tank, 9: Condenser, 91: Water inlet, 92: Water outlet, 10: Oil-water extraction tank, 111: Fuel tank, 12: Wood vinegar tank, 13: Filter, t1 powder valve, t2: Catalyst valve, t3: Thermal oil valve, t4-t6: Valves; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including a..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the elements; for example, xx phase is not a fixed word, but a state of matter, such as the liquid phase of a metal, which is the molten state of the metal, and does not specifically refer to a fixed object. For example, the "slag phase" in this application refers to the residue after the target fuel is filtered out after the straw powder and catalyst are treated with heat transfer oil, or a mixture of the residue and heat transfer oil. If the two liquid phases are mixed but not miscible, they are separated into oil phase and water phase by density stratification. The water phase is not water in the sense of a noun, but a pictographic expression made to distinguish the liquid after extraction. It can also be alcohol or vinegar, the purpose of which is to distinguish the two liquid mixtures in terms of expression. Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a straw tar thermal cracking and separation device includes a reactor body 1, a straw powder silo 11, a powder valve t1, a condenser 9 interface 2, a vacuum machine interface 4, a catalyst tank 3, a stirring unit, a conveying unit, a cooling and separation unit, a circulating heating pump 7, a thermal oil tank 8, and a thermal oil valve t2. The stirring unit includes a stirrer 51 and a stirring motor 5, the conveying unit includes a conveying motor 6, a conveying impeller 61, a discharge valve 62, and a discharge port 63, the cooling and separation unit includes a condenser 9 and an oil-water extraction tank 10, the straw powder silo 11 is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body 1, and a powder valve t1t1 is arranged between the straw powder silo 11 and the reactor body 1, the catalyst tank 3 is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body 1, the condenser 9 interface 2 and the vacuum machine interface 4 are arranged between the straw powder silo 11 and the catalyst tank 3, and are located on the upper side of the reactor body. The conveying unit is arranged on the lower side of the reactor body 1, the thermal oil tank 8 is arranged on one side of the reactor body 1, the circulating heating pump 7 is arranged on one side of the reactor body 1, and is arranged on the same side of the reactor body 1 as the thermal oil tank 8. At the same time, the circulating heating pump 7 is directly below the thermal oil tank 8. The upper end of the condenser 9 is connected to the condenser 9 interface 2, and the lower end is connected to the oil-water extraction tank 10.

[0017] Furthermore, the stirring unit includes an agitator 51 and a stirring motor 5, the agitator 51 and the stirring motor 5 are fixedly connected, and the rotation of the stirring motor 5 drives the agitator 51 to rotate synchronously, the agitator 51 is arranged inside the reactor body 1, and the stirring motor 5 is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the conveying unit includes a conveying motor 6, a conveying impeller 61, a discharge valve 62, and a discharge port 63; the conveying motor 6 and the conveying impeller 61 are connected via a worm gear, and the discharge valve 62 is arranged just above the discharge port 63. The working process and principle of the present utility model are as follows:

[0019] Open the powder valve t1, the heat transfer oil valve t3, and the catalyst valve t2, and mix the straw powder in the straw powder bin 11, the heat transfer oil in the heat transfer oil tank 8, and the catalyst in the catalyst tank 3 in the reactor body 1, and start the stirring unit. After an appropriate amount of straw powder and heat transfer oil mixture is already in the reactor body 1, close the powder valve t1, the heat transfer oil valve t3, and the catalyst valve t2 in succession. After sufficient stirring by the stirring unit (the straw powder does not clump in the heat transfer oil), start the vacuum machine and evacuate air from the vacuum machine interface 4 until there is no oxygen in the reactor body 1. Start the circulating heating pump 7 to gradually raise the temperature of the heat transfer oil in the reactor body 1 to 300 degrees Celsius and continue for more than 30 minutes. The straw powder undergoes dehydration and thermal cracking reaction under the action of high temperature and catalyst. The straw powder is carbonized and tar is precipitated in an oxygen-free environment. At the same time, the circulating heat pump 7 continues to heat to 600 degrees Celsius. At this time, the tar precipitated after the carbonization of the straw powder is volatilized in an oxygen-free environment under the continuous high temperature to form steam. The steam (containing hydrocarbons, wood vinegar and a small amount of water) enters the condenser 9 through the condenser 9 interface 2. Since there is continuous cold water circulating through the water inlet 92 and the water outlet 91, the steam condenses and cools after entering the condenser 9 and then enters the oil-water extraction tank 10. The t5 and t6 valves are opened in sequence, and the hydrocarbon oil phase liquid obtained by layering enters the fuel tank 11, and the water phase liquid enters the wood vinegar tank 12. The non-condensable gas is treated with the absorbent in the filter tank 13 and discharged from the absorption tank; the discharge valve 62 is opened, and the slag material (a mixture of carbonized straw powder and heat transfer oil) automatically flows out of the discharge port 63. The slag material that cannot be discharged automatically is discharged out of the discharge port 63 by opening the conveying unit.

[0020] The above is merely illustrative and is used to explain some of the features of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to claim the broadest possible scope that can be imagined, and the embodiments presented herein are only descriptions of selected implementations based on the combination of all possible embodiments. Therefore, the applicant's intention is that the appended claims are not limited by the selection of examples that illustrate the features of the present invention. Moreover, advances in science and technology will form possible equivalents or sub-alternatives that are not currently considered due to inaccuracies in language expression, and these changes should also be interpreted as being covered by the appended claims where possible.

Claims

1. A thermal cracking and separation device for generating tar from straw, characterized by: The invention comprises a reactor body (1), a straw powder bin (11), a powder valve (t1), a condenser interface (2), a vacuum machine interface (4), a catalyst tank (3), a stirring unit, a conveying unit, a cooling and separating unit, a circulating heating pump (7), a heat transfer oil tank (8), and a heat transfer oil valve. The stirring unit comprises a stirrer (51) and a stirring motor (5). The conveying unit comprises a conveying motor (6), a conveying impeller (61), a discharge valve (62), and a discharge port (63). The cooling and separating unit comprises a condenser and an oil-water extraction tank (10). The straw powder bin (11) is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body (1). A heat transfer oil tank (8) is provided between the straw powder bin (11) and the reactor body (1). The invention discloses a powder material valve (t1), the catalyst tank (3) is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body (1), the condenser interface (2) and the vacuum machine interface (4) are arranged between the straw powder material bin (11) and the catalyst tank (3), and are located on the upper side of the reactor body, the conveying unit is arranged on the lower side of the reactor body (1), the heat transfer oil tank (8) is arranged on one side of the reactor body (1), the circulating heating pump (7) is arranged on one side of the reactor body (1), and is arranged on the same side of the reactor body (1) as the heat transfer oil tank (8), and the circulating heating pump (7) is located directly below the heat transfer oil tank (8), the upper end of the condenser is connected to the condenser interface (2), and the lower end is connected to the oil-water extraction tank (10).

2. The thermal cracking and separation device for generating tar from straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring unit comprises a stirrer (51) and a stirring motor (5); the stirrer (51) and the stirring motor (5) are fixedly connected, and the stirring motor (5) rotates to drive the stirrer (51) to rotate synchronously; the stirrer (51) is arranged inside the reactor body (1), and the stirring motor (5) is arranged on the upper side of the reactor body (1).

3. The thermal cracking and separation device for generating tar from straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying unit comprises a conveying motor (6), a conveying impeller (61), a discharge valve (62), and a discharge port (63); the conveying motor (6) and the conveying impeller (61) are connected via a worm gear transmission, and the discharge valve (62) is arranged just above the discharge port (63).

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