Voltage spike absorption circuit and whole vehicle power distribution system

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model discloses a voltage spike absorption circuit and a whole vehicle power distribution system. The voltage spike absorption circuit comprises a first absorption circuit, a second absorption circuit, a third absorption circuit and an electronic relay module, the first end of the electronic relay module is connected with a first power supply, and the second end of the electronic relay module is connected with a second power supply or a load; the first absorption circuit is connected with the first end of the electronic relay module, the second absorption circuit is connected with the second end of the electronic relay module, and the third absorption circuit is connected between the first end and the second end of the electronic relay module. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electronic relay module is connected with the first absorption circuit, the second absorption circuit and the third absorption circuit, so that when the electronic relay is turned off, the absorption circuits can effectively reduce voltage spikes generated in the circuit, protect other elements in the circuit from being damaged, and prolong the service life of system components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the utility model relate to the technical field of switching power supplies, and in particular to a voltage spike absorption circuit and a vehicle power distribution system. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of electronic technology, vehicle power distribution systems are becoming increasingly miniaturized. Electronic relays are widely used in vehicle power distribution systems due to their compact size, ease of integration, simplified circuit structure, ability to monitor power supply status and power usage, and excellent transient response and circuit protection.

[0003] However, when electronic relays are used in vehicle power supply, the current will suddenly increase or decrease when they are turned off, generating high voltage spikes in the circuit, which may damage the semiconductor components on the electronic relays. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present utility model provide a voltage spike absorption circuit and a vehicle power distribution system to solve the problem that other components in the circuit may be damaged due to the shutdown of an electronic relay during the vehicle power consumption process.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present utility model, a voltage spike absorption circuit is provided, comprising a first absorption circuit, a second absorption circuit, a third absorption circuit and an electronic relay module;

[0006] The first end of the electronic relay module is connected to the first power supply, and the second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the second power supply or the load;

[0007] The first absorption circuit is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second absorption circuit is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, and the third absorption circuit is connected between the first end and the second end of the electronic relay module. The first absorption circuit, the second absorption circuit and the third absorption circuit are used to absorb the voltage spike generated when the electronic relay module is turned off.

[0008] Optionally, the electronic relay module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a first driving unit and a second driving unit;

[0009] The first electrode of the first switching tube serves as the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first switching tube is connected to the second electrode of the second switching tube, the first electrode of the second switching tube serves as the second end of the electronic relay module, the control electrode of the first switching tube is connected to the first driving unit, and the control electrode of the second switching tube is connected to the second driving unit.

[0010] Optionally, the electronic relay module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a first driving unit and a second driving unit;

[0011] The second pole of the first switching tube serves as the first end of the electronic relay module, the first pole of the first switching tube is connected to the first pole of the second switching tube, the second pole of the second switching tube serves as the second end of the electronic relay module, the control pole of the first switching tube is connected to the first driving unit, and the control pole of the second switching tube is connected to the second driving unit.

[0012] Optionally, the first driving unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor and a first driving chip;

[0013] A first end of the first resistor is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube, a second end of the first resistor is connected to the first driving chip, a first end of the second resistor is connected to the second electrode of the first switching tube, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube;

[0014] The second driving unit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a second driving chip;

[0015] The first end of the third resistor is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the second driver chip, the first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second electrode of the second switch tube, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube.

[0016] Optionally, the first absorption circuit includes a first transient suppression diode, a first diode and a first capacitor;

[0017] The first electrode of the first transient suppression diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first transient suppression diode is grounded, the first electrode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first diode is grounded, and the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the first diode;

[0018] Wherein, the first end of the electronic relay module is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply, and the negative electrode of the first power supply is grounded;

[0019] The first transient suppression diode is a unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the breakdown voltages of the first transient suppression diode and the first diode are both higher than the turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module.

[0020] Optionally, the second absorption circuit includes a second transient suppression diode, a second diode and a second capacitor;

[0021] The first electrode of the second transient suppression diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the second transient suppression diode is grounded, the first electrode of the second diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the second diode is grounded, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second diode;

[0022] The second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply, and the negative electrode of the second power supply is grounded; or the second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the first end of the load, and the second end of the load is grounded;

[0023] The second transient voltage suppression diode is a unidirectional transient voltage suppression diode.

[0024] Optionally, the third absorption circuit includes a third transient voltage suppressor diode, a first electrode of the third transient voltage suppressor diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, and a second electrode of the third transient voltage suppressor diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module.

[0025] Optionally, the third transient suppression diode is a bidirectional transient suppression diode, and a breakdown voltage of the third transient suppression diode is higher than a turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module.

[0026] Optionally, the voltage spike absorption circuit further includes a control module, which is connected to the control end of the electronic relay module and is used to control the on / off state of the electronic relay module.

[0027] In a second aspect, a vehicle power distribution system is provided, comprising the voltage spike absorption circuit provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0028] The technical solution provided by the utility model is a voltage spike absorption circuit that connects an electronic relay module to a first absorption circuit, a second absorption circuit, and a third absorption circuit. This allows the absorption circuit to effectively reduce voltage spikes generated in the circuit when the electronic relay is turned off, protecting other components in the circuit from damage, extending the service life of system components, reducing maintenance and replacement costs, and improving system stability and reliability. Furthermore, when the first end of the electronic relay module is connected to a first power source and the second end is connected to a second power source, the electronic relay module can be configured as a bidirectional energy flow relay module, allowing the circuit to accommodate energy flow in both positive and negative directions. This increases the circuit's flexibility and applicability, enabling it to cope with more complex and changing electrical environments, and is particularly suitable for applications requiring energy feedback or bidirectional control.

[0029] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0038] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model;

[0041] Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to help those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the utility model, wherein: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The connection status of the electronic relay module 100 in different scenarios is shown respectively. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The voltage spike absorption circuit provided in this embodiment includes a first absorption circuit 1, a second absorption circuit 2, a third absorption circuit 3 and an electronic relay module 100; the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power supply U1, and the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2 or the load 200; the first absorption circuit 1 is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module 100, the second absorption circuit 2 is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module 100, and the third absorption circuit 3 is connected between the first end and the second end of the electronic relay module 100. The first absorption circuit 1, the second absorption circuit 2 and the third absorption circuit 3 are used to absorb the voltage spike generated when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off.

[0046] Among them, the electronic relay module 100 can control the on and off of its own circuit according to the input signal; the first absorption circuit 1, the second absorption circuit 2 and the third absorption circuit 3 are used to absorb the voltage spikes in the circuit when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off; the first power supply U1 is used to provide energy to the electronic relay module 100, and the second power supply U2 or the load 200 is the device connected to the second end of the electronic relay module 100.

[0047] Optionally, depending on the different devices connected to the first and second ends of the electronic relay module 100, the electronic relay module 100 can be a unidirectional energy flow relay module or a bidirectional energy flow relay module. For example, when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power source U1 and the second end is connected to the load 200, the electronic relay module 100 can be a unidirectional energy flow relay module, and the loop energy can flow unidirectionally between the two ports of the electronic relay module 100, from the first power source U1 to the load 200; when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power source U1 and the second end is connected to the second power source U2, the electronic relay module 100 can be a bidirectional energy flow relay module, and the loop energy can flow bidirectionally between the two ports of the electronic relay module 100.

[0048] Optionally, both the first absorption circuit 1 and the second absorption circuit 2 are grounded.

[0049] Specifically, when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the load 200, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current in the loop flows from the first end to the second end of the electronic relay module 100. When the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power source U2, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current in the loop can flow from the first end to the second end of the electronic relay module 100, or from the second end to the first end of the electronic relay module 100.

[0050] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the original current path in the loop is cut off, generating a voltage spike. The voltage spike is caused by the presence of parasitic inductance in the circuit. The parasitic inductance will try to maintain the original current flow direction by generating a high induced voltage when the line is disconnected, thus causing a high voltage spike in the circuit. When a voltage spike is generated in the loop, since the electronic relay module 100 has been turned off, the voltage spike is released from the loop from the first power supply U1 to the third absorption circuit 3 to the load 200 (or the second power supply U2) to absorb the voltage spike. At the same time, the voltage spike on the first power supply side also releases energy through the first absorption circuit 1. Similarly, the second absorption circuit 2 and the load 200 (or the second power supply U2) form a freewheeling circuit to reduce the voltage spike.

[0051] The technical solution provided by the present invention is a voltage spike absorption circuit that connects an electronic relay module 100 to a first absorption circuit 1, a second absorption circuit 2, and a third absorption circuit 3. This allows the absorption circuit to effectively reduce voltage spikes generated in the circuit when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, protecting other components in the circuit from damage, extending the service life of system components, reducing maintenance and replacement costs, and improving system stability and reliability. Furthermore, when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power source U1 and the second end is connected to the second power source U2, the electronic relay module 100 can be configured as a bidirectional energy flow relay module, enabling the circuit to accommodate energy flow in both directions. This increases the circuit's flexibility and applicability, enabling it to cope with more complex and changing electrical environments, and is particularly suitable for applications requiring energy feedback or bidirectional control.

[0052] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be described in detail below by taking the second end of the electronic relay module 100 being connected to the load 200 as an example. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, refer to Figure 3 Based on the above embodiments, the electronic relay module 100 includes a first switching transistor Q1, a second switching transistor Q2, a first driving unit 101, and a second driving unit 102. The first electrode of the first switching transistor Q1 serves as the first end of the electronic relay module 100, the second electrode of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the second electrode of the second switching transistor Q2, the first electrode of the second switching transistor Q2 serves as the second end of the electronic relay module 100, the control electrode of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first driving unit 101, and the control electrode of the second switching transistor Q2 is connected to the second driving unit 102.

[0053] Among them, the second switch tube Q2 is used to jointly control the current and voltage states at both ends of the load 200 with the first switch tube Q1; the first drive unit 101 is used to provide a control signal to the first switch tube Q1 to turn the first switch tube Q1 on or off; the second drive unit 102 is used to provide a control signal to the second switch tube Q2 to turn the second switch tube Q2 on or off.

[0054] Specifically, when the control signals output by the first drive unit 101 and the second drive unit 102 are both conduction signals, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are respectively turned on in response to the corresponding conduction signals. At this time, the current in the loop flows from the first power supply U1 to the first switch tube Q1 to the second switch tube Q2 to the load 200.

[0055] When the first and second switching transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the voltage spike generated in the circuit is released through the first power supply U1, the third absorption circuit 3, and the load 200, thereby protecting the first and second switching transistors Q1 and Q2. Furthermore, the first and second absorption circuits 1 and 2 cooperate to release energy to the first power supply side and the load side, respectively, to absorb the voltage spike in the circuit.

[0056] The technical solution provided by this embodiment can achieve fast switching of load current by accurately driving the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2, meet different circuit requirements, and improve the response speed and efficiency of the system. Optionally, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are both power devices, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can be connected in a common source connection manner. Therefore, the gates (control electrodes) of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can share the same control signal. In other words, the first drive unit 101 can reuse the second drive unit 102, thereby reducing the number of drive units in the circuit and improving circuit integration. Of course, two drive units can also be used, one for each switch, to improve control accuracy.

[0057] Optionally, when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power supply U1 and the second end is connected to the load 200, the electronic relay module 100 is used to realize unidirectional energy flow, and the electronic relay module 100 may include a first switch tube Q1 and a first drive unit 101, or include a second switch tube Q2 and a second drive unit 102, so as to simplify the circuit structure and help reduce power consumption. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, refer to Figure 4 Based on the above embodiments, the first driving unit 101 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first driving chip 111; a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube Q1, a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first driving chip 111, a first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second electrode of the first switching tube Q1, and a second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube Q1.

[0058] The second driving unit 102 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a second driving chip 112; a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube Q2, a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second driving chip 112, a first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second electrode of the second switch tube Q2, and a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube Q2.

[0059] Among them, the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3 are used to limit the current and have a voltage dividing function so that the control signals of the first drive unit 101 and the second drive unit 102 match the drive voltages of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2; the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 are used to stabilize the voltages of the control electrodes of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2; the first driver chip 111 and the second driver chip 112 are used to generate drive signals suitable for driving the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, refer to Figure 5 Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the first absorption circuit 1 includes a first transient suppression diode TVS1, a first diode D1, and a first capacitor C1; a first electrode of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module 100, a second electrode of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is grounded, a first electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module 100, a second electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, and the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the first diode D1; wherein the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply U1, and the negative electrode of the first power supply U1 is grounded.

[0061] Among them, the first electrode of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 can be a cathode, the second electrode of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 can be an anode, and the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is used to protect the circuit from transient overvoltage; the first capacitor C1 is used to store energy; the first electrode of the first diode D1 can be a cathode, and the second electrode of the first diode D1 can be an anode.

[0062] Optionally, when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the load 200 (eg Figure 5 (as shown), the first diode D1 does not participate in the energy release process of the loop. When the second terminal of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power source U2, and the loop current flows from the second power source U2 to the first power source U1, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the first diode D1 can provide a freewheeling path for the first power source U1.

[0063] Optionally, the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is a unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the breakdown voltages of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the first diode D1 are both higher than the turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module 100 .

[0064] Among them, the unidirectional transient suppression diode is used to quickly change from a high resistance state to a low resistance state when an abnormal overvoltage occurs in the circuit and reaches the breakdown voltage of the transient suppression diode, thereby discharging the transient overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage to ground, and at the same time clamping the abnormal overvoltage at a lower level, thereby protecting the subsequent circuit from damage by the abnormal overvoltage; the breakdown voltage of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the first diode D1 are both higher than the turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module 100, so as to ensure that the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the first diode D1 are in the cut-off state when the electronic relay module 100 is operating normally. That is, only when the voltage spike generated in the circuit causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to break down, the voltage spike on the first power supply side will release energy through the first absorption circuit 1 to avoid affecting the normal operation of the circuit.

[0065] Optionally, the second absorption circuit 2 includes a second transient suppression diode TVS2, a second diode D2 and a second capacitor C2; the first pole of the second transient suppression diode TVS2 is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module 100, the second pole of the second transient suppression diode TVS2 is grounded, the first pole of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module 100, the second pole of the second diode D2 is grounded, and the second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the second diode D2; wherein, the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first end of the load 200, and the second end of the load 200 is grounded; the second transient suppression diode TVS2 is a unidirectional transient suppression diode.

[0066] Among them, the first pole of the second transient suppression diode TVS2 can be a cathode, the second pole of the second transient suppression diode TVS2 can be an anode, and the second transient suppression diode TVS2 is used to protect the circuit from the influence of transient overvoltage; the second diode D2 is used to connect the second end of the electronic relay module 100 to the load 200, and when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, it provides a freewheeling path for the load 200 to release energy; the second capacitor C2 is used for energy storage, and is used together with the second diode D2 to prevent sudden changes in voltage and current in the circuit and provide a discharge path for reverse electromotive force; the first pole of the second diode D2 can be a cathode, and the second pole of the second diode D2 can be an anode.

[0067] Optionally, the second diode D2 can be used when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2 and the loop current flows from the first power supply U1 to the second power supply U2, and when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, it provides a freewheeling path for the second power supply U2.

[0068] Specifically, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, that is, when current passes through the electronic relay module 100, the second capacitor C2 will store energy. At this time, the current in the circuit flows from the positive electrode of the first power supply U1 to the electronic relay module 100 to the load 200 to the ground.

[0069] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the original current path is cut off, causing a voltage spike in the circuit. Due to the presence of the third absorption circuit 3, the voltage spike in the circuit is released through the loop from the positive electrode of the first power supply U1 to the third absorption circuit 3, to the load 200, and then to ground. Here, since the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the load 200, the second absorption circuit 2 can provide a freewheeling path for the load side. The second capacitor C2 and the second diode D2 are connected in parallel across the load 200. When the current loop is cut off, the second diode D2 becomes forward biased and conducts, providing a freewheeling loop for the load current. The current can continue to flow in this loop until all stored energy is consumed, effectively suppressing the generation of high voltage spikes and protecting other components in the circuit. Since the first power supply side has no freewheeling path, the parasitic inductance of the first power supply side generates a high voltage spike due to the sudden change in current, causing the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to break down. As a result, part of the voltage spike on the first power supply side is released through the loop from the positive electrode of the first power supply U1 to the third absorption circuit 3 to the load 200 to ground, and the other part is released through the positive electrode of the first power supply U1 to the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to ground.

[0070] The technical solution provided in this embodiment uses the second diode D2 in conjunction with the second capacitor C2 to provide a freewheeling path for the load-side current when the line is suddenly disconnected. This safely discharges the energy released by the load 200 when the current is disconnected, thereby preventing high voltage spikes from damaging the circuit. This configuration is also simple and effective, helping to reduce costs.

[0071] Continue to refer Figure 5 The third absorption circuit 3 includes a third transient suppression diode TVS3, a first electrode of the third transient suppression diode TVS3 is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module 100, and a second electrode of the third transient suppression diode TVS3 is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module 100.

[0072] The first electrode of the third TVS diode 3 may be a cathode, and the second electrode of the third TVS diode 3 may be an anode. The third TVS diode 3 is used to absorb a voltage spike generated in the circuit when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Of course, in other embodiments, the first electrode of the third TVS diode 3 may be an anode, and the second electrode of the third TVS diode 3 may be a cathode.

[0073] The breakdown voltage of the third transient suppression diode TVS3 is higher than the turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module 100 , so that when the electronic relay module 100 is working normally, the third transient suppression diode TVS3 is in an off state to protect the components in the circuit.

[0074] Specifically, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on and operates normally, the third transient suppression diode TVS3 is in a cut-off state, and the loop current flows from the first power supply U1 to the electronic relay module 100 to the load 200 .

[0075] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, a voltage spike is generated in the circuit. The third transient suppression diode TVS3 breaks down. Due to the presence of the third transient suppression diode TVS3, the voltage spike generated in the circuit passes through the first power supply U1, the third transient suppression diode TVS3, the load 200, and then the ground for energy release.

[0076] Optionally, the third TVS3 can be a unidirectional TVS diode, which can be used when the electronic relay module 100 is connected between the first power supply U1 and the load 200. The third TVS3 can also be a bidirectional TVS diode, which can be used when the electronic relay module 100 is connected between the first power supply U1 and the second power supply U2.

[0077] The technical solution provided in this embodiment, by connecting the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to both ends of the electronic relay module 100, can suppress voltage spikes in both directions, protect the circuit from damage by transient voltage, and ensure the stable operation of the circuit and the safety of the components.

[0078] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, refer to Figure 6 On the basis of the above embodiments, the voltage spike absorption circuit further includes a control module 4 , which is connected to the control end of the electronic relay module 100 , and is used to control the on / off state of the electronic relay module 100 .

[0079] Specifically, when the control module 4 outputs an on signal, the electronic relay module 100 turns on in response to the on signal, and the current in the circuit flows from the first power source U1 through the electronic relay module 100 to the load 200. When the control module 4 outputs an off signal, the electronic relay module 100 turns off, causing a voltage spike in the circuit due to the sudden interruption of the original current path. Furthermore, the first absorption circuit 1, the second absorption circuit 2, and the third absorption circuit 3 each release and absorb energy, and the specific energy release process is the same as in the above embodiment.

[0080] The technical solution provided by this embodiment, through control module 4 controlling the on / off switching of electronic relay module 100, can more precisely control the power supply to the load while reducing potential damage caused by transient voltage spikes. This provides precise control and further improves the reliability and stability of the entire system. Furthermore, control module 4 can shut off the electronic relay when load 200 does not require power, thereby reducing operating costs and saving energy.

[0081] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows the flow of loop current when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the load 200, including the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off. The solid arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Figure 7 Based on the above embodiments, the voltage spike absorption circuit includes an electronic relay module 100, a first power supply U1, a first absorption circuit 1, a second absorption circuit 2, a third absorption circuit 3, a control module 4 and a load 200.

[0082] Specifically, when the signal output by the control module 4 is a conduction signal, the first driver chip 111 and the second driver chip 112 respond to the conduction signal, further amplify the driving capability, and control the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 to be turned on. Since the withstand voltage of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the first diode D1 is higher than the turn-off voltage of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2, when the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are normally turned on, the first absorption circuit 1 does not work, and the direction of the current in the loop, that is, the direction of the loop current is from the first power supply U1 to the first switch tube Q1 to the second switch tube Q2 to the load 200 to ground.

[0083] When the control module 4 outputs a shutdown signal, the original current path (i.e., the current path when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on) is cut off. The cutting off of the original current path causes a voltage spike in the circuit. If the voltage spike generated in the circuit causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to break down, three energy discharge loops will exist in the circuit. The first discharge circuit is when the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 breaks down, and the voltage spike in the circuit is released through the loop from the first power supply U1 to the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 to the load 200 to the ground. The second discharge circuit is when the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 breaks down, and the voltage spike on the first power supply side is released through the first power supply U1 to the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 to the ground. The third discharge circuit is when the second diode D2 becomes forward biased and conducts, providing a freewheeling loop for the current on the load side. At this time, the voltage spike passes through the load 200 to the second diode D2, causing the load current to slowly decrease and avoiding sudden changes in the current in the loop. At this time, if a large voltage spike is generated in the loop, causing the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 to break down, the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 will release and absorb the energy, and the second diode D2 will no longer freewheel.

[0084] The technical solution provided by the present invention is a voltage spike absorption circuit that connects an electronic relay module 100 to a first absorption circuit 1, a second absorption circuit 2, and a third absorption circuit 3. This allows the absorption circuit to effectively reduce voltage spikes generated in the circuit when the electronic relay is turned off, protecting other components in the circuit from damage, extending the service life of system components, reducing maintenance and replacement costs, and improving system stability and reliability. Furthermore, when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power source U1 and the second end is connected to the second power source U2, the electronic relay module 100 can be configured as a bidirectional energy flow relay module, allowing the circuit to accommodate energy flow in both positive and negative directions. This increases the circuit's flexibility and applicability, enabling it to cope with more complex and variable electrical environments, and is particularly suitable for applications requiring energy feedback or bidirectional control.

[0085] Optionally, when the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first power supply U1 and the second end is connected to the load 200, the electronic relay module 100 is used to realize unidirectional energy flow, and then the electronic relay module 100 may include a first switch tube Q1 and a first drive unit 101, or include a second switch tube Q2 and a second drive unit 102, and the first absorption circuit 1 may include a first transient suppression diode TVS1 and a first capacitor C1, so as to simplify the circuit structure, which is conducive to reducing power consumption and reducing costs.

[0086] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows the loop current flow when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2, including the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off. The solid arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Figure 8 Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply U1, and the negative electrode of the first power supply U1 is grounded; the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply U2, and the negative electrode of the second power supply U2 is grounded.

[0087] Specifically, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current flows from the first power supply U1 to the first switching transistor Q1, to the second switching transistor Q2, and finally to the second power supply U2. When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, a voltage spike causes the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 and the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 to break down. The energy discharge loops, respectively, flow from the first power supply U1 to the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 to the second power supply U2 to ground, from the first power supply U1 to the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 to ground, and from the second power supply U2 to the second diode D2. This slowly reduces the current on the second power supply U2 side, preventing sudden current changes in the loop. At this time, if a voltage spike generated in the loop causes the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 to break down, the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 will release and absorb the energy, and the second diode D2 will no longer provide freewheeling current.

[0088] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows another current flow direction of the loop when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2, including the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off. The solid arrow represents the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrow represents the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Figure 9 When the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current direction can also be from the second power supply U2 to the second switch tube Q2 to the first switch tube Q1 to the first power supply U1.

[0089] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the voltage spike causes the second transient suppression diode TVS2 and the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to break down. The energy discharge circuits are respectively from the second power supply U2 to the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to the first power supply U1 to ground, and from the second power supply U2 to the second transient suppression diode TVS2 to ground, and from the first power supply U1 to the first diode D1, so that the current on the first power supply U1 side slowly decreases to avoid sudden current changes in the circuit. If a large voltage spike is generated in the circuit and causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to break down, the first transient suppression diode TVS1 releases and absorbs the energy, and the first diode D1 no longer performs freewheeling.

[0090] Optionally, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 may also be connected in a common drain manner. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows the flow of loop current when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the load 200, including the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off. The solid arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Figure 10 Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the electronic relay module 100 includes a first switching tube Q1, a second switching tube Q2, a first driving unit 111, and a second driving unit 112; the second electrode of the first switching tube Q1 serves as the first end of the electronic relay module 100, the first electrode of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to the first electrode of the second switching tube Q2, the second electrode of the second switching tube Q2 serves as the second end of the electronic relay module 100, the control electrode of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to the first driving unit 111, and the control electrode of the second switching tube Q2 is connected to the second driving unit 112.

[0091] Optionally, the first end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the positive pole of the first power supply U1, and the negative pole of the first power supply U1 is grounded; the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the first end of the load 200, and the second end of the load 200 is grounded.

[0092] Specifically, when the signal output by the control module 4 is a conduction signal, the first driver chip 111 and the second driver chip 112 respond to the conduction signal, further amplify the driving capability, and control the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 to be turned on. At this time, the current direction in the loop, that is, the loop current direction is from the first power supply U1 to the first switch tube Q1 to the second switch tube Q2 to the load 200 to the ground.

[0093] When the control module 4 outputs a shutdown signal, the original current path (i.e., the current path when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on) is cut off. The cutting off of the original current path causes a voltage spike in the circuit. If the voltage spike generated in the circuit causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to break down, three energy discharge loops will exist in the circuit. The first discharge circuit is when the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 breaks down, and the voltage spike in the circuit is released from the first power supply U1 to the third transient suppressor diode TVS3 to the load 200 to the ground. The second discharge circuit is when the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 breaks down, and the voltage spike on the first power supply side is released from the first power supply U1 to the first transient suppressor diode TVS1 to the ground. The third discharge circuit is when the second diode D2 becomes forward biased and conducts, providing a freewheeling circuit for the current on the load side. At this time, the voltage spike passes through the load 200 to the second diode D2, causing the load current to slowly decrease and avoiding sudden changes in the current in the circuit. At this time, if a large voltage spike is generated in the circuit, causing the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 to break down, the second transient suppressor diode TVS2 will release and absorb the energy, and the second diode D2 will no longer freewheel.

[0094] The technical solution provided by the present invention adopts a common drain connection mode for the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2, so that it has the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance at the same time. In addition, due to its voltage following characteristics, the common drain connection can provide a relatively stable gain, which is suitable for applications requiring stable output.

[0095] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows the loop current flow when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2, including the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off. The solid arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrows represent the current flow when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off. Figure 11 Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply U2, and the negative electrode of the second power supply U2 is grounded.

[0096] Specifically, when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current direction is from the first power source U1 to the first switch tube Q1 to the second switch tube Q2 to the second power source U2 .

[0097] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the voltage spike causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 and the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to break down. The energy discharge circuits are respectively from the first power supply U1 to the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to the second power supply U2 to ground, and from the first power supply U1 to the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to ground, and from the second power supply U2 to the second diode D2, so that the current on the second power supply U2 side slowly decreases to avoid sudden changes in the current in the circuit. At this time, if a large voltage spike is generated in the circuit, causing the second transient suppression diode TVS2 to break down, the second transient suppression diode TVS2 releases and absorbs the energy, and the second diode D2 no longer performs freewheeling.

[0098] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of another voltage spike absorption circuit provided by the present invention, and specifically shows another current flow direction of the loop when the second end of the electronic relay module 100 is connected to the second power supply U2, including the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on or off, wherein the solid arrow represents the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, and the dotted arrow represents the current flow direction when the electronic relay module 100 is turned off.

[0099] refer to Figure 12 When the electronic relay module 100 is turned on, the current direction can also be from the second power supply U2 to the second switch tube Q2 to the first switch tube Q1 to the first power supply U1.

[0100] When the electronic relay module 100 is turned off, the voltage spike causes the second transient suppression diode TVS2 and the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to break down. The energy discharge circuits are respectively from the second power supply U2 to the third transient suppression diode TVS3 to the first power supply U1 to ground, and from the second power supply U2 to the second transient suppression diode TVS2 to ground, and from the first power supply U1 to the first diode D1, so that the current on the first power supply U1 side slowly decreases to avoid sudden changes in the current in the circuit. At this time, if a large voltage spike is generated in the circuit and causes the first transient suppression diode TVS1 to break down, the first transient suppression diode TVS1 releases and absorbs the energy, and the first diode D1 no longer performs freewheeling.

[0101] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are described by taking N-type tubes as an example. In other embodiments, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 can also be P-type tubes, or one is an N-type tube and the other is a P-type tube. The same function can be achieved by adding a corresponding inverter in front of the gate of the P-type tube, or by outputting different control signals through the control module 4.

[0102] Optionally, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle power distribution system, which includes the voltage spike absorption circuit provided by any embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the vehicle power distribution system also has the beneficial effects provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0103] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this utility model can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of this utility model can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0104] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model shall be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A voltage spike absorption circuit, characterized in that: include: a first absorption circuit, a second absorption circuit, a third absorption circuit and an electronic relay module; The first end of the electronic relay module is connected to the first power supply, and the second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the second power supply or the load; The first absorption circuit is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second absorption circuit is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, and the third absorption circuit is connected between the first end and the second end of the electronic relay module. The first absorption circuit, the second absorption circuit and the third absorption circuit are used to absorb the voltage spike generated when the electronic relay module is turned off.

2. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic relay module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a first driving unit and a second driving unit; The first electrode of the first switching tube serves as the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first switching tube is connected to the second electrode of the second switching tube, the first electrode of the second switching tube serves as the second end of the electronic relay module, the control electrode of the first switching tube is connected to the first driving unit, and the control electrode of the second switching tube is connected to the second driving unit.

3. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic relay module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a first driving unit and a second driving unit; The second pole of the first switching tube serves as the first end of the electronic relay module, the first pole of the first switching tube is connected to the first pole of the second switching tube, the second pole of the second switching tube serves as the second end of the electronic relay module, the control pole of the first switching tube is connected to the first driving unit, and the control pole of the second switching tube is connected to the second driving unit.

4. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The first driving unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor and a first driving chip; A first end of the first resistor is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube, a second end of the first resistor is connected to the first driving chip, a first end of the second resistor is connected to the second electrode of the first switching tube, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the control electrode of the first switching tube; The second driving unit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a second driving chip; The first end of the third resistor is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the second driver chip, the first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second electrode of the second switch tube, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control electrode of the second switch tube.

5. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The first absorption circuit includes a first transient suppression diode, a first diode and a first capacitor; The first electrode of the first transient suppression diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first transient suppression diode is grounded, the first electrode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the first diode is grounded, and the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the first diode; Wherein, the first end of the electronic relay module is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply, and the negative electrode of the first power supply is grounded; The first transient suppression diode is a unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the breakdown voltages of the first transient suppression diode and the first diode are both higher than the turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module.

6. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The second absorption circuit includes a second transient suppression diode, a second diode and a second capacitor; The first electrode of the second transient suppression diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the second transient suppression diode is grounded, the first electrode of the second diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module, the second electrode of the second diode is grounded, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second diode; The second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply, and the negative electrode of the second power supply is grounded; or the second end of the electronic relay module is connected to the first end of the load, and the second end of the load is grounded; The second transient voltage suppression diode is a unidirectional transient voltage suppression diode.

7. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The third absorption circuit includes a third transient voltage suppression diode, a first electrode of the third transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the first end of the electronic relay module, and a second electrode of the third transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the second end of the electronic relay module.

8. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The third transient suppression diode is a bidirectional transient suppression diode, and a breakdown voltage of the third transient suppression diode is higher than a turn-off voltage of the electronic relay module.

9. The voltage spike absorption circuit according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a control module, which is connected to the control end of the electronic relay module and is used to control the on and off state of the electronic relay module.

10. A vehicle power distribution system, characterized in that: The invention comprises the voltage spike absorption circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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