Four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery and engineering machinery comprising same

Abstract

The utility model provides a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery and the engineering machinery comprising the four-wheel steering system. The system comprises a front axle steering oil cylinder connected with a front axle; the rear axle steering oil cylinder is used for being connected with a rear axle; the first electromagnetic valve is provided with a first oil inlet, a first oil return port, a first working oil port communicated to one oil cavity of the front axle steering oil cylinder and a second working oil port communicated to the other oil cavity of the front axle steering oil cylinder; the second electromagnetic valve is provided with a second oil inlet, a second oil return port, a third working oil port and a fourth working oil port; the third working oil port is communicated to one oil cavity of the rear axle steering oil cylinder; the fourth working oil port is communicated to the other oil cavity of the rear axle steering oil cylinder; the steering gear is used for being connected with the oil pump and can change the oil outlet direction and is provided with a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet. According to the system provided by the utility model, a plurality of steering modes can be quickly switched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery and engineering machinery comprising the same. Background Art

[0002] Construction machinery is a vital component of the equipment industry. Generally speaking, it encompasses all the mechanical equipment necessary for earthwork, road construction and maintenance, mobile lifting and loading and unloading, and comprehensive mechanized construction required for various construction projects. It is primarily used in defense construction, transportation, energy industry construction and production, mining and other raw material industries, agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy projects, industrial and civil construction, urban development, and environmental protection.

[0003] These include some common machines in real life, such as excavators, loaders, bulldozers, and forklifts. To meet demand, some construction machinery has two different travel modes: wheeled and crawler. For example, excavators are divided into wheeled excavators and crawler excavators.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors discovered that the prior art has at least the following problems:

[0005] Some existing wheeled engineering machinery mostly has two-wheel steering, with a relatively large turning radius, making it difficult to turn around in a narrow space. The present invention mainly provides switching between multiple steering modes, which is convenient and fast, and realizes the rapid steering function in a narrow space.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery and an engineering machinery comprising the same, so as to at least partially solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The embodiment of the present utility model provides a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery and engineering machinery including the same, which can provide switching of multiple steering modes, and the switching of modes is convenient and fast.

[0008] The utility model provides a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery, the system comprising:

[0009] a front axle steering cylinder configured for connection with a front axle;

[0010] a rear axle steering cylinder configured for connection with a rear axle;

[0011] a first solenoid valve capable of changing the direction of an internal oil circuit, the first solenoid valve having a first oil inlet, a first oil return port, a first working oil port connected to one oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder, and a second working oil port connected to the other oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder;

[0012] a second solenoid valve capable of changing the direction of an internal oil circuit and changing its working position according to the power supply state of the corresponding solenoid head, the second solenoid valve having a second oil inlet, a second oil return port, a third working oil port connected to one oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder, and a fourth working oil port connected to the other oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder; and

[0013] A steering gear configured to be connected to an oil pump and capable of changing the oil outlet direction, the steering gear having a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet;

[0014] Wherein, the first oil inlet and outlet are connected to the first oil inlet, the second oil inlet and outlet are connected to the second oil inlet, and the first oil return port is connected to the second oil return port;

[0015] Among them, when the first solenoid valve and / or the second solenoid valve are in the working position corresponding to the different power-on states of the corresponding electromagnetic head, the oil circuit of the steering gear with different oil output directions can be connected to the front axle steering cylinder and / or the rear axle steering cylinder, so that the front wheels connected to the front axle and / or the rear wheels connected to the rear axle can be steered.

[0016] According to the system of the present invention, it includes a front axle steering cylinder, a rear axle steering cylinder, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve and a steering gear, etc. which are interconnected. By changing the oil outlet direction of the steering gear, combined with the first solenoid valve and / or the second solenoid valve being in different working positions corresponding to different power-on states of the corresponding solenoid heads, the oil circuits of the steering gears with different oil outlet directions can be connected to the front axle steering cylinder and / or the rear axle steering cylinder, so that the front wheels connected to the front axle and / or the rear wheels connected to the rear axle are steered, realizing front two-wheel steering, rear two-wheel steering, four-wheel wedge steering and four-wheel steering modes, and switching modes is convenient and quick.

[0017] Optionally, the system is constructed as follows:

[0018] When the first solenoid valve is in the first working position corresponding to the first solenoid head being in a de-energized state, the first oil inlet is connected to the first working oil port, and the first oil return port is connected to the second working oil port, so that the front wheels are steered;

[0019] When the first solenoid valve is in the second working position corresponding to the first solenoid head being energized, the first oil inlet is connected to the first oil return port, and the first working oil port and the second working oil port are in a blocked state, so that the front wheel does not turn;

[0020] When the second solenoid valve is in the third working position corresponding to the second solenoid head and the third solenoid head are both in a de-energized state, the second oil inlet is connected to the second oil return port, and the third and fourth working oil ports are in a blocked state, so that the rear wheels do not steer;

[0021] When the second solenoid valve is in a fourth working position corresponding to the second solenoid head being energized and the third solenoid head being de-energized, the second oil inlet is connected to the fourth working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the third working oil port, so that the rear wheels steer;

[0022] When the second solenoid valve is in the fifth working position corresponding to the second electromagnetic head being in a de-energized state and the third electromagnetic head being in a energized state, the second oil inlet is connected to the third working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the fourth working oil port, so that the rear wheels steer.

[0023] Optionally, the first solenoid valve is a two-position four-way solenoid valve.

[0024] Optionally, it is characterized in that the second solenoid valve is a three-position four-way solenoid valve.

[0025] Optionally, the engineering machinery is an excavator, a loader, a bulldozer or a forklift.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an engineering machine including a system according to the above technical solution.

[0027] According to the engineering machinery of the present invention, since it includes the system according to the present invention, the front and rear wheels can have multiple steering modes, thereby achieving rapid steering in a narrow space.

[0028] Additional advantages, purposes, and features of the present invention will be partially set forth in the following description and will partially become apparent to those skilled in the art after studying the following or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention may be achieved and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the specification and drawings.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will understand that the purposes and advantages that can be achieved by the present invention are not limited to those specifically described above, and the above and other purposes that can be achieved by the present invention will be more clearly understood based on the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, but are merely for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the present invention. To facilitate the illustration and description of some parts of the present invention, the corresponding parts in the drawings may be enlarged, that is, they may be larger than other components in the exemplary device actually manufactured according to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1Schematic diagram of a four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention when the front and rear wheels are in a two-wheel steering mode;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention when the front and rear wheels are in a rear wheel two-wheel steering mode;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention when the front and rear wheels are in a four-wheel wedge steering mode; and

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention when the front and rear wheels are in a four-wheel steering mode.

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 10. Front wheel; 11. Front axle;

[0038] 20. Rear wheel; 21. Rear axle;

[0039] 100. System;

[0040] 110. Front axle steering cylinder;

[0041] 120, rear axle steering cylinder;

[0042] 130, first solenoid valve; 131, first oil inlet; 132, first oil return port; 133, first working oil port; 134, second working oil port;

[0043] 140, second solenoid valve; 141, second oil inlet; 142, second oil return port; 143, third working oil port; 144, fourth working oil port;

[0044] 150. Steering gear; 151. First oil inlet and outlet; 152. Second oil inlet and outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The objectives and functions of the present invention, as well as methods for achieving these objectives and functions, will be clarified with reference to exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in various forms. The essence of this specification is merely to help those skilled in the relevant art to comprehensively understand the specific details of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" cited in the present invention are merely identifiers and do not have any other meanings, such as a specific order, etc. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" itself does not imply the existence of a "second component", and the term "second component" itself does not imply the existence of a "first component".

[0048] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside" and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.

[0049] The present invention provides a four-wheel steering system 100 for construction machinery. The system 100 can be applied to the field of construction machinery, such as excavators, to solve the steering difficulty problem caused by existing construction machinery having only two-wheel steering functions.

[0050] For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of the present invention, an excavator is used as a specific example of engineering machinery for explanation, but this does not represent a limitation. The engineering machinery may also be wheeled engineering machinery such as a loader, a bulldozer or a forklift, which are not listed here one by one.

[0051] The present invention provides a four-wheel steering system 100. In a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a four-wheel steering system for construction machinery according to one embodiment of the present invention. Some components are simplified in this diagram. System 100 may include a front axle steering cylinder 110, a rear axle steering cylinder 120, a first solenoid valve 130, a second solenoid valve 140, and a steering gear 150.

[0052] Specifically, the front axle steering cylinder 110 is used to connect to the front axle 11, which is connected to the front wheels 10. The rear axle steering cylinder 120 is used to connect to the rear axle 21, which is connected to the rear wheels 20. The first solenoid valve 130, which can change the direction of the internal oil circuit and changes its working position according to the power supply state of the corresponding solenoid head, has a first oil inlet 131, a first oil return port 132, a first working oil port 133 connected to one oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder 110, and a second working oil port 134 connected to the other oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder 110. The second solenoid valve 140, which can change the direction of the internal oil circuit and changes its working position according to the power supply state of the corresponding solenoid head, has a second oil inlet 141, a second oil return port 142, a third working oil port 143 connected to one oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder 120, and a fourth working oil port 144 connected to the other oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder 120.

[0053] by Figure 1 Taking the structure shown in the middle as an example, the front axle steering cylinder 110 includes two oil chambers. The first operating oil port 133 connects to the left chamber, while the second operating oil port 134 connects to the right chamber. When the left chamber is flowing with oil and the right chamber is draining oil, the front wheel 10 can steer left. When the left chamber is draining oil and the right chamber is flowing with oil, the front wheel 10 can steer right.

[0054] Continue with Figure 1 Taking the middle structure as an example, the rear axle steering cylinder 120 includes two oil chambers. The third working oil port 143 connects to the left chamber, while the fourth working oil port 144 connects to the right chamber. When the left chamber is flowing with oil and the right chamber is draining oil, the rear wheel 20 can steer left. When the left chamber is draining oil and the right chamber is flowing with oil, the rear wheel 20 can steer right.

[0055] It can be understood that the direction of oil inlet and outlet of the above-mentioned oil chamber causing the corresponding steering of the front wheel 10 and / or rear wheel 20 is a specific example. As needed, logically, the steering of the front wheel 10 and / or rear wheel 20 may not be restricted.

[0056] A steering gear 150, which can change the oil flow direction, is connected to an oil pump (not shown). Steering gear 150 has a first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A) and a second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B). The first oil inlet and outlet 151 connects to the first oil inlet 131. The second oil inlet and outlet 152 connects to the second oil inlet 141. The first oil return port 132 connects to the second oil return port 142.

[0057] Among them, when the first solenoid valve 130 and / or the second solenoid valve 140 are in the working position corresponding to the different power-on states of the corresponding electromagnetic heads, the oil circuit of the steering gear 150 with different oil output directions can be connected to the front axle steering cylinder 110 and / or the rear axle steering cylinder 120, so that the front wheels 10 and / or the rear wheels 20 are steered.

[0058] For example, during operation, when the first solenoid valve 130 is in the first working position and the second solenoid valve 140 is in the third working position, the oil in the steering gear 150 only passes through the first solenoid valve 130 and enters the steering cylinder of the front axle 11, achieving two-wheel steering of the front wheels 10. When the first solenoid valve 130 is in the second working position and the second solenoid valve 140 is in the fourth working position, the oil in the steering gear 150 only passes through the second solenoid valve 140 and enters the steering cylinder of the rear axle 21, achieving two-wheel steering of the rear wheels 20. When the first solenoid valve 130 is in the first working position and the second solenoid valve 140 is in the fifth working position, the oil in the steering gear 150 passes through the first solenoid valve 130 and the second solenoid valve 140, respectively, and enters the steering cylinder of the front axle 11 and the steering cylinder of the rear axle 21, achieving four-wheel wedge steering. When the first solenoid valve 130 is in the first working position and the second solenoid valve 140 is in the fourth working position, the oil of the steering gear 150 also passes through the first solenoid valve 130 and the second solenoid valve 140 and enters the front axle steering cylinder 110 and the rear axle steering cylinder 120 to achieve four-wheel steering.

[0059] Among them, the first solenoid valve 130 and the second solenoid valve 140 change the structure and function of different working positions according to the power-on state of the corresponding electromagnetic head to achieve the change of the direction of the internal oil circuit, and the structure and function of the steering gear 150 that can change the oil outlet direction are all respective existing technologies, which are technologies well known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0060] According to the system 100 of the present invention, it includes a front axle steering cylinder 110, a rear axle steering cylinder 120, a first solenoid valve 130, a second solenoid valve 140 and a steering gear 150, etc. which are interconnected. By changing the oil outlet direction of the steering gear 150, combined with the first solenoid valve 130 and / or the second solenoid valve 140 being in different working positions corresponding to the corresponding electromagnetic heads in different power-on states, the oil circuits of the steering gear 150 with different oil outlet directions can be connected to the front axle steering cylinder 110 and / or the rear axle steering cylinder 120, so that the front wheels 10 connected to the front axle 11 and / or the rear wheels 20 connected to the rear axle 21 are steered, realizing front two-wheel steering, rear two-wheel steering, four-wheel wedge steering and four-wheel steering modes, and switching modes is convenient and quick.

[0061] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first solenoid valve 130 can be a two-position four-way solenoid valve. Its working positions include a first working position and a second working position. When the first solenoid valve 130 is in the first working position, the first oil inlet 131 is connected to the first working oil port 133, and the first oil return port 132 is connected to the second working oil port 134. The oil passes through the first solenoid valve 130 and enters the front axle steering cylinder 110. At this time, the front wheel 10 steers. When the first solenoid valve 130 is in the second working position, the first oil inlet 131 is connected to the first oil return port 132, and the first working oil port 133 and the second working oil port 134 are in a blocked state. The oil flows between the first oil inlet 131 and the first oil return port 132. At this time, the front wheel 10 does not steer.

[0062] The second solenoid valve 140 can be a three-position, four-way solenoid valve. Its working positions include the third working position, the fourth working position, and the fifth working position. When the second solenoid valve 140 is in the third working position, the second oil inlet 141 is connected to the second oil return port 142, the third working oil port 143 and the fourth working oil port 144 are in a blocked state, and the oil flows between the second oil inlet 141 and the second oil return port 142. At this time, the rear wheels 20 do not turn. When the second solenoid valve 140 is in the fourth working position, the second oil inlet 141 is connected to the fourth working oil port 144, and the second oil return port 142 is connected to the third working oil port 143. The oil passes through the second solenoid valve 140 and enters the rear axle steering cylinder 120. At this time, the rear wheels 20 turn. When the second solenoid valve 140 is in the fifth working position, the second oil inlet 141 is connected to the third working oil port 143, and the second oil return port 142 is connected to the fourth working oil port 144. The oil also passes through the second solenoid valve 140 and enters the rear axle steering cylinder 120, and the rear wheels 20 also turn. However, under the same oil outlet direction of the steering gear 150, the movement direction of the telescopic rod of the rear axle steering cylinder 120 in the fifth working position is opposite to that in the fourth working position.

[0063] The first electromagnetic head a1 is the existing technical structure of the first electromagnetic valve 130 itself, and the second electromagnetic head b1 and the third electromagnetic head b2 are the existing technical structures of the second electromagnetic valve 140 itself.

[0064] The first solenoid valve 130 and the second solenoid valve 140 are in different working positions due to the different power supply states of the corresponding solenoid heads. This is achieved by moving the solenoid valve blocks in the respective solenoid valves to different positions. It is understood that the solenoid valve blocks can also be replaced by hydraulic control valve blocks.

[0065] The following will be based on Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 The following briefly introduces the four steering models implemented by the system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, specifically:

[0066] Front two-wheel steering

[0067] refer to Figure 2 When the first electromagnetic head a1 is not powered, and the second electromagnetic head b1 and the third electromagnetic head b2 are also not powered, the front wheel 10 turns normally, and the rear wheel 20 does not turn.

[0068] When oil is supplied to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A) and returned to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B), the front wheel 10 turns left and the excavator turns left. When oil is supplied to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B) and returned to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A), the front wheel 10 turns right and the excavator turns right.

[0069] Rear two-wheel steering

[0070] refer to Figure 3 When the first electromagnetic head a1 is energized, the second electromagnetic head b1 is energized but the third electromagnetic head b2 is not energized, the rear wheel 20 turns normally and the front wheel 10 does not turn.

[0071] When oil is supplied to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A) and returned to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B), the rear wheel 20 turns right and the excavator turns left. When oil is supplied to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B) and returned to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A), the rear wheel 20 turns left and the excavator turns right.

[0072] Four-wheel wedge steering

[0073] refer to Figure 4 When the first electromagnetic head a1 is not energized, the second electromagnetic head b1 is not energized but the third electromagnetic head b2 is energized, the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 20 turn in the same direction, that is, four-wheel wedge steering.

[0074] When oil is flowing in through the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A) and returning oil through the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B), both the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 20 turn left, forming a parallelogram, and the excavator turns left. When oil is flowing in through the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B) and returning oil through the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A), both the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 20 turn right, forming a parallelogram, and the excavator turns right.

[0075] Four-wheel steering

[0076] refer to Figure 5 When the first electromagnetic head a1 is not energized, the second electromagnetic head b1 is energized but the third electromagnetic head b2 is not energized, the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 20 turn in opposite directions, that is, four-wheel steering.

[0077] When oil is supplied to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A) and returned to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B), the front wheel 10 turns left and the rear wheel 20 turns right, forming a "greater than" shape with the front wheel 10 and the rear wheel 20. At this time, the excavator turns left on all four wheels. When oil is supplied to the second oil inlet and outlet 152 (B) and returned to the first oil inlet and outlet 151 (A), the front wheel 10 turns right and the rear wheel 20 turns left, forming a "less than" shape with the front wheel 10 and the rear wheel 20. At this time, the excavator turns right on all four wheels.

[0078] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an engineering machine (not shown) including the system 100 provided by the present invention. Therefore, the engineering machine according to the present invention includes all the features and effects of the system 100 according to the present invention, which will not be described in detail here.

[0079] The engineering machinery may be wheeled engineering machinery such as an excavator, a loader, a bulldozer or a forklift.

[0080] In combination with the description and practice of the utility model disclosed herein, other embodiments of the utility model are easy to think of and understand for those skilled in the art. The description and embodiments are considered to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the utility model are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A four-wheel steering system for engineering machinery, characterized in that: The system comprises: a front axle steering cylinder configured for connection with a front axle; a rear axle steering cylinder configured for connection with a rear axle; a first solenoid valve capable of changing the direction of an internal oil circuit, the first solenoid valve having a first oil inlet, a first oil return port, a first working oil port connected to one oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder, and a second working oil port connected to the other oil chamber of the front axle steering cylinder; a second solenoid valve capable of changing the direction of an internal oil circuit and changing its working position according to the power supply state of the corresponding solenoid head, the second solenoid valve having a second oil inlet, a second oil return port, a third working oil port connected to one oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder, and a fourth working oil port connected to the other oil chamber of the rear axle steering cylinder; and A steering gear configured to be connected to an oil pump and capable of changing the oil outlet direction, the steering gear having a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet; Wherein, the first oil inlet and outlet are connected to the first oil inlet, the second oil inlet and outlet are connected to the second oil inlet, and the first oil return port is connected to the second oil return port; Among them, when the first solenoid valve and / or the second solenoid valve are in the working position corresponding to the different power-on states of the corresponding electromagnetic head, the oil circuit of the steering gear with different oil output directions can be connected to the front axle steering cylinder and / or the rear axle steering cylinder, so that the front wheels connected to the front axle and / or the rear wheels connected to the rear axle can be steered.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The system is constructed as follows: When the first solenoid valve is in the first working position corresponding to the first solenoid head being in a de-energized state, the first oil inlet is connected to the first working oil port, and the first oil return port is connected to the second working oil port, so that the front wheels are steered; When the first solenoid valve is in the second working position corresponding to the first solenoid head being energized, the first oil inlet is connected to the first oil return port, and the first working oil port and the second working oil port are in a blocked state, so that the front wheel does not turn; When the second solenoid valve is in the third working position corresponding to the second solenoid head and the third solenoid head are both in a de-energized state, the second oil inlet is connected to the second oil return port, and the third and fourth working oil ports are in a blocked state, so that the rear wheels do not steer; When the second solenoid valve is in a fourth working position corresponding to the second solenoid head being energized and the third solenoid head being de-energized, the second oil inlet is connected to the fourth working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the third working oil port, so that the rear wheels steer; When the second solenoid valve is in the fifth working position corresponding to the second electromagnetic head being in a de-energized state and the third electromagnetic head being in a energized state, the second oil inlet is connected to the third working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the fourth working oil port, so that the rear wheels steer.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The first solenoid valve is a two-position four-way solenoid valve.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The second solenoid valve is a three-position four-way solenoid valve.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The engineering machinery is an excavator, a loader, a bulldozer or a forklift.

6. An engineering machine, characterized in that: Comprising a system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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