Displacement real-time monitoring device of steel rail telescopic regulator
By introducing adjustable resistor and displacement amplification structure into the rail telescopic regulator, combined with a voltmeter and acousto-optical alarm, the real-time and accuracy problems of traditional monitoring devices are solved, efficient fault warning and low-cost real-time monitoring are achieved, and the safety and operational efficiency of track lines are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422845177.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Traditional rail telescopic regulators lack real-time monitoring methods, resulting in the inability to detect potential over-scopic problems in time, pose safety hazards and high maintenance costs, and existing equipment have problems such as untimely fault warning and large energy consumption.
It adopts an adjustable resistor and displacement amplification structure, combined with a voltmeter and acoustic and optical alarm, to monitor the displacement changes of the rail telescopic regulator in real time, and trigger an alarm when the limit is exceeded. High-precision monitoring and early warning are achieved through simple and low-cost circuit design and compact device.
Real-time monitoring under extreme climate conditions is achieved, the accuracy of monitoring data and fault detection and processing efficiency are improved, maintenance costs are reduced, and the safety and stability of track line operations are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223271827U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of rail transportation equipment monitoring, in particular to a real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion and contraction regulator. Background Art
[0002] As a key component of track equipment, rail expansion adjusters are designed to effectively address temperature-induced rail expansion and contraction by adjusting the relative position between the stock rail and the point rail, maintaining track stability and train safety. However, traditional rail expansion adjusters rely primarily on regular manual inspections and static testing to determine their operating status, lacking effective real-time monitoring. Under extreme temperature fluctuations, rail stresses fluctuate rapidly, making manual monitoring difficult to detect potential risks. This results in inability to detect and warn of potential over-expansion issues. Exceeding the specified expansion limit can lead to safety hazards such as abnormal rail stress, rail expansion, or equipment creep, compromising train safety and line connectivity. In severe cases, this can cause train delays, outages, and even accidents. While real-time monitoring equipment for rail expansion adjusters is available, and boasts highly accurate monitoring capabilities, practical applications still suffer from issues such as delayed fault warnings, excessive maintenance costs, and high energy consumption, resulting in increased maintenance costs and potential safety hazards. Utility Model Content
[0003] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing technology, the utility model provides a real-time monitoring device for the displacement of a rail expansion and contraction adjuster, which can effectively cope with complex climatic conditions, monitor the displacement changes of the rail expansion and contraction adjuster in real time, accurately warn of abnormal conditions, and has a simple structure, is easy to maintain, and has low cost and energy consumption, so as to improve the safety and maintenance efficiency of rail line operations.
[0004] The utility model provides a technical solution: a real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion and contraction adjuster, comprising a power supply, an adjustable resistor R3 and an adjustable resistor R5, wherein the sliders of the adjustable resistor R3 and the adjustable resistor R5 are respectively connected to the displacement amplification structure at the rail bottom of the base rail end and the point rail end of the expansion and contraction adjuster, the adjustable resistor R3 and the adjustable resistor R5 are respectively connected in series with a fixed resistor R2 and a fixed resistor R4, for avoiding a short circuit in the circuit of the adjustable resistor R3 and the adjustable resistor R5, the fixed resistor R2 and the fixed resistor R4 are respectively connected in parallel with a voltmeter V2 and a voltmeter V4 for measuring voltage, the power supply is connected in series with the fixed resistor R2 and the adjustable resistor R3 to form a circuit, and the power supply is connected in series with the fixed resistor R4 and the adjustable resistor R5 to form a circuit.
[0005] Furthermore, the real-time displacement monitoring device further includes a fixed resistor R1. The power supply and the fixed resistor R1 are connected in series to form a loop. The fixed resistor R1 is connected in parallel with a voltmeter V1 for measuring voltage.
[0006] Furthermore, the fixed resistor R1 , the fixed resistor R2 , and the fixed resistor R4 are all arranged on the platform.
[0007] Furthermore, the adjustable resistor R3 is arranged on the roadbed at the rail end and the bottom of the base rail, and the adjustable resistor R5 is arranged on the roadbed at the rail end and the bottom of the point rail. The adjustable resistor R3 and the adjustable resistor R5 are respectively connected in series with a first sound and light alarm and a second sound and light alarm. When it is monitored that the expansion and contraction amount of the base rail or the point rail exceeds the set limit, an alarm is triggered.
[0008] Furthermore, various voltmeters and sound and light alarms are arranged on the platform.
[0009] Furthermore, protective covers are respectively provided on the outer sides of the adjustable resistor R3 and the adjustable resistor R5.
[0010] Furthermore, the displacement amplification structure adopts a gear displacement amplifier, and there are two groups in total. The displacement amplification structure a is connected to the basic rail and the adjustable resistor R3, and the displacement amplification structure b is connected to the pointed rail and the adjustable resistor R5.
[0011] Furthermore, each set of displacement amplification structures includes a vertical vibration-damping spring, a gear shaft, and a coaxially connected small gear and large gear. The outer sides of the small gear and the large gear are respectively meshed with rack a and rack b. One side of the vertical vibration-damping spring is fixed to the rail end and bottom of the basic rail or the pointed rail of the telescopic adjuster, and the other side is fixed to rack a. Rack b is rigidly connected to the slider of the adjustable resistor R3 or the adjustable resistor R5.
[0012] Beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0013] (1) Real-time monitoring: It can monitor the expansion and contraction changes of the base rail and point rail of the rail expansion regulator in real time under extreme weather conditions, and provide timely feedback on the working status of the regulator;
[0014] (2) Accurate measurement: By combining resistance change with a displacement amplification device, high-precision measurement of the telescopic adjuster displacement is achieved, improving the accuracy of monitoring data;
[0015] (3) Intelligent alarm: When the expansion and contraction amount exceeds the set limit, the device triggers an audible and visual alarm to warn maintenance personnel in advance to intervene, effectively preventing safety hazards such as rail expansion and equipment creeping, avoiding potential safety accidents, and improving the efficiency of fault detection and handling.
[0016] (4) Easy installation and maintenance: The device has a simple and compact structure and is installed between the track bed and the platform, making it easy for maintenance personnel to operate;
[0017] (5) Improve operation and maintenance efficiency: Real-time monitoring and accurate early warning functions enable maintenance personnel to carry out necessary maintenance and replacement before a failure occurs, significantly reducing downtime and maintenance costs caused by sudden failures, and improving the continuity and stability of rail line operations.
[0018] (6) Cost-effectiveness: The use of economical components and optimized circuit design reduces equipment costs, while improving monitoring efficiency and reducing manual inspection and maintenance costs, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the rail transit system.
[0019] In summary, the utility model adopts simple and low-cost components and introduces a displacement amplification device, which significantly enhances the monitoring accuracy, applicability and maintainability of the real-time monitoring device for the displacement of the rail expansion and contraction adjuster, realizes high-precision and real-time monitoring of the working status of the rail expansion and contraction adjuster, and effectively warns of abnormal situations. Its low cost provides support for the large-scale deployment of the device and provides strong technical support for the operation safety and maintenance management of the track line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a circuit diagram of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the adjustable resistor and the rail;
[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the displacement amplification structure;
[0024] In the figure: 1—power supply, 2—displacement amplification structure, 201—vertical vibration damping spring, 202—gear shaft, 203—small gear, 204—large gear, 205—rack a, 206—rack b, 3—first sound and light alarm, 4—second sound and light alarm, 5—adjustable resistor R3, 6—adjustable resistor R5, 7—basic rail, 8—point rail, 9—protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual drawings. They should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the accompanying drawings may be omitted. Based on the specific embodiments of the present invention, all other specific embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "upper," and "lower," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of this utility model and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., etc., are used solely for distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "provided with," "connected," etc., should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0028] like Figure 1-4 The real-time monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster shown in the figure includes a monitoring device and a display device. The monitoring device mainly consists of an adjustable resistor, a fixed resistor, a protective cover, a power supply, and a displacement amplification structure, while the display device consists of a voltmeter and an audible and visual alarm.
[0029] Adjustable resistor installation: Figure 3 As shown, the sliding part (slide) of the adjustable resistor (R3, R5) is connected to the base rail 7 and the point rail 8 of the rail expansion and contraction adjuster through the displacement amplification structure 2. The sliding part is displaced as the rail expands and contracts, thereby changing the resistance value of the adjustable resistor. The bottom of the adjustable resistor is fixed to the track bed by a fixing device to ensure that it will not loosen or fall off due to factors such as vibration during the operation of the train. The protective cover 9 is arranged on the track bed. It is made of transparent material and has a hollowed-out top middle part to provide sliding space after the adjustable resistor is connected to the rack. The protective cover 9 is set around the adjustable resistor to prevent it from external impact, wear or moisture, ensuring its stable operation.
[0030] Arrangement of fixed resistors and voltmeter: refer to the attached Figure 2Fixed resistors R1, R2, R4 and corresponding voltmeters V1, V2, V4 are all placed on the platform. R2 and R4 are connected in series with adjustable resistors R3 and R5 respectively to prevent short circuits in the adjustable resistors R3 and R5. Adjustable resistors R3 and R5 are both sliding resistors that monitor voltage changes related to the displacement of the base rail and point rail terminals. Voltmeters V1, V2, V4 are connected in parallel with fixed resistors R1, R2, R4 respectively to display and record the voltage at the resistors in real time for subsequent data analysis. The length of the cable connecting R1 must be the same as the length of the parallel line (R3, R5) cable to ensure measurement accuracy.
[0031] Power supply installation: Refer to the attached Figure 2 Four lithium batteries (not shown in the attached diagram) are connected in series to create a stable 14.8V power supply. The battery pack, equipped with a series battery box, is fixed to the platform to provide a stable power supply for the monitoring device. The power supply is connected in series with fixed resistor R1 to form a loop. This loop is also connected in series with resistors R2 and R3 to form a loop. This loop is also connected in series with resistors R4 and R5 to form a loop. The three loops connected in series with the power supply are connected in parallel.
[0032] Installation of sound and light alarm: refer to the attached Figure 1 and Figure 4 The sound and light alarm is arranged on the platform and connected in series with the adjustable resistors R3 and R5 respectively. When the expansion and contraction of the base rail or the point rail exceeds the set limit, the alarm is triggered to remind the maintenance personnel to deal with it in time.
[0033] The displacement amplification structure 2 utilizes a gear-type displacement amplifier, with two groups in total. Displacement amplification structure a is connected to the base rail and adjustable resistor R3, while displacement amplification structure b is connected to the point rail and adjustable resistor R5. Each displacement amplification structure 2 includes a vertical vibration-damping spring 201, a gear shaft 202, and coaxially connected pinion 203 and gear 204. The pinion 203 and gear 204 are meshed with racks a 205 and b 206, respectively. The vertical vibration-damping spring 201 is fixed to the end and bottom of the telescopic adjuster base rail or point rail on one side and to rack a 205 on the other. Rack b 206 is rigidly connected to the sliding vane of adjustable resistor R3 or R5 on the other. The vertical vibration-damping springs have low stiffness, effectively filtering low-frequency vibrations from the train.
[0034] Installation of displacement amplification structure: refer to the attached Figure 3 Connect displacement amplifier device a between adjustable resistor R3 and the base rail end and bottom. The expansion and contraction of the base rail in the telescopic adjuster causes the vertical damping spring in displacement amplifier device a to shift laterally, which in turn shifts rack a. Because rack a is connected to the smaller-radius coaxial gear, the displacement of rack a rotates the coaxial gear. This in turn causes rack b, connected to the larger-radius coaxial gear, to shift, driving the slider of the adjustable resistor. This causes the resistance of adjustable resistor R3 to change.
[0035] Similarly, in displacement amplification structure b, the extension and retraction of the pointed rail drives the displacement of the rack and then drives the sliding piece of the adjustable resistor R5 to slide.
[0036] The displacement amplification structure can amplify the tiny displacement changes of the adjustable resistor, improving monitoring accuracy. The displacement amplification structure is connected to the base rail through a coaxial gear and rack to ensure the accuracy of displacement transmission.
[0037] The protective cover is placed on the roadbed to prevent the adjustable resistor from falling off or short-circuiting due to external force or environmental factors. Protective materials of different properties are replaced as the climate changes.
[0038] Real-time Monitoring: After the device is put into operation, voltmeters V1, V2, and V4 continuously monitor the voltages at fixed resistors R1, R2, and R4. When the rail expansion adjuster is operating, the expansion and contraction of the stock rail and point rail ends drive the rotation of the displacement amplification device, which in turn displaces the sliders of adjustable resistors R3 and R5, causing voltage changes at the series-connected fixed resistors R2 and R4. Voltmeters V2 and V4 record these changes, which serve as the basis for subsequent data analysis.
[0039] Data Analysis: Based on the voltage changes at fixed resistors R2 and R4, combined with the power supply voltage at fixed resistor R1, the system calculates the actual expansion and contraction of the stock rail and the switch rail using a preset conversion formula. If the calculated expansion and contraction of the stock rail exceeds the rated value (such as 200mm or 400mm) or the limit value (such as 300mm or 500mm), the system identifies an abnormal state.
[0040] Calculation of the expansion and contraction amount of the rail expansion adjuster: The following formula is used for calculation:
[0041] Δ(δ)=λ(r1 / r2)δ
[0042] Where δ = (V1-V2) / (V2 / R2), V1 is the voltage at R1, V2 is the voltage at R2, r2 is the radius of the large coaxial gear, r1 is the radius of the small coaxial gear, and λ is the ratio of the adjustable resistor value to the slider displacement.
[0043] The calculation method of the tip rail end displacement is the same as that of R3.
[0044] Alarm trigger: When the expansion and contraction of the base rail exceeds the set threshold, the sound and light alarm (see attached Figure 1 ) receives the signal and starts, issuing an audible and visual warning to notify maintenance personnel to go to the site for inspection and processing in time.
[0045] The working principle of this utility model:
[0046] Extension and contraction of stock rail and point rail: When the rail expansion and contraction adjuster is working, the relative displacement of stock rail and point rail and the terminal displacement of point rail and stock rail drive the displacement amplification device to change, and then the adjustable resistance slider slides to change its resistance value.
[0047] Voltage change: The change of the adjustable resistor causes the voltage change at the fixed resistor in series with it. The voltmeter monitors and records these voltage values in real time.
[0048] Data analysis and alarm: By analyzing the voltage change of the fixed resistor, the displacement of the base rail and the point rail of the telescopic adjuster is calculated. When the displacement exceeds the preset limit, the current reaches the warning value, and the sound and light alarm is activated.
[0049] In a high temperature and high humidity environment, the implementation process of the real-time displacement monitoring device of the rail expansion adjuster of the utility model is as follows:
[0050] Device Layout: In track sections exposed to high temperature and high humidity, the monitoring device is installed on the trackbed at the base of the base rail and the tip rail in the selected section. Fixed resistors R1, R2, and R4 are placed on adjacent platforms. A well-ventilated, sun-proof protective device tightly encases the adjustable resistors R3 and R5 to prevent degradation or damage from corrosion, oxidation, and other factors in high temperature and high humidity environments. The power supply and connecting cables are encapsulated with waterproof and moisture-proof materials to ensure a stable power supply even in humid environments.
[0051] Displacement Amplification Device Setup: Displacement amplification devices a and b are rigidly connected to the base rail and tip rail ends, respectively. These devices maintain excellent mechanical properties even at high temperatures, ensuring accurate amplification of rail expansion and contraction. Vertical vibration damping springs effectively absorb vibrations generated by train operation, reducing the impact of environmental factors on monitoring accuracy.
[0052] Real-time monitoring and alarming: Under conditions of sustained high temperature and high humidity, the device continuously monitors the expansion and contraction of the base rail and point rail of the rail expansion adjuster. By monitoring the voltage changes at fixed resistors R2 and R4, the displacement of the expansion adjuster is calculated in real time. If the displacement exceeds the preset limit (for example, the expansion of the base rail exceeds 300mm or the expansion of the point rail exceeds 500mm), the audible and visual alarm 1 or audible and visual alarm 2 immediately activates an alarm, prompting maintenance personnel to promptly check and adjust the rail expansion adjuster to prevent safety hazards such as excessive expansion and contraction caused by high temperatures, such as rail expansion or equipment creep.
[0053] Data Analysis and Maintenance: During periods of high temperature and high humidity, staff use voltmeters V2 and V4 to monitor the voltage data of fixed resistors R2 and R4 in real time. Using the formula Δ = λ(δ), they calculate the actual displacement of the expansion joint. Based on this data analysis, they develop a maintenance plan, such as adjusting expansion joint parameters and increasing the frequency of track inspections to address the unique operating conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
[0054] In a severe cold environment, the implementation process of the real-time displacement monitoring device of the rail expansion adjuster of the utility model is as follows:
[0055] Material Selection and Installation: Designed for harsh cold environments, the monitoring device is constructed from materials that are resistant to low temperatures and frost cracking, with protective devices, in particular, constructed from cold-resistant and heat-insulating materials. During installation, ensure that all electrical interfaces and connectors are properly sealed to prevent moisture intrusion and ice short circuits. Fixed resistors R1, R2, and R4, as well as the voltmeter and audible and visual alarms, are located within a well-insulated station control room to prevent low temperatures from affecting their normal operation.
[0056] Displacement Amplification and Monitoring: Displacement amplification devices A and B maintain excellent mechanical properties even in severe cold conditions. The vertical vibration damping springs maintain sufficient elasticity at low temperatures, effectively reducing the impact of train vibration on monitoring accuracy. By monitoring the voltage changes at fixed resistors R2 and R4, the displacement changes of the rail expansion adjuster in severe cold conditions are reflected in real time.
[0057] Alarm and Response: During prolonged cold weather, the device continuously monitors the operating status of the rail expansion adjuster. If the expansion or contraction of the stock rail or point rail exceeds the set limit, either audible or visual alarm 1 or audible or visual alarm 2 will immediately sound an alarm, prompting maintenance personnel to promptly inspect and adjust the rail expansion adjuster to prevent potential safety hazards such as rail breakage and gauge shift caused by excessive contraction due to low temperatures.
[0058] Data Analysis and Maintenance: During severe cold spells, staff use voltmeters V2 and V4 to monitor the voltage across fixed resistors R2 and R4 in real time and calculate the actual telescopic adjuster displacement using the formula Δ = λ(δ). Based on this data analysis, staff promptly adjust telescopic adjuster parameters and schedule antifreeze maintenance, such as applying antifreeze and strengthening monitoring of thermal expansion and contraction effects, to address the unique needs of these cold environments.
[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster, characterized by: The invention comprises a power supply (1), an adjustable resistor R3 (5) and an adjustable resistor R5 (6), wherein the sliders of the adjustable resistor R3 (5) and the adjustable resistor R5 (6) are respectively connected to the displacement amplification structure (2) at the rail bottom of the basic rail end and the pointed rail end of the telescopic regulator, the adjustable resistor R3 (5) and the adjustable resistor R5 (6) are respectively connected in series with a fixed resistor R2 and a fixed resistor R4, and the fixed resistor R2 and the fixed resistor R4 are respectively connected in parallel with a voltmeter V2 and a voltmeter V4 for measuring voltage, the power supply (1) is connected in series with the fixed resistor R2 and the adjustable resistor R3 (5) to form a loop, and the power supply (1) is connected in series with the fixed resistor R4 and the adjustable resistor R5 (6) to form a loop.
2. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time displacement monitoring device further comprises a fixed resistor R1. The power supply (1) is connected in series with the fixed resistor R1 to form a loop. The fixed resistor R1 is connected in parallel with a voltmeter V1 for measuring voltage.
3. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed resistor R1 , the fixed resistor R2 , and the fixed resistor R4 are all arranged on the platform.
4. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable resistor R3 (5) is arranged on the track bed at the rail end and rail bottom of the base rail, and the adjustable resistor R5 (6) is arranged on the track bed at the rail end and rail bottom of the point rail. The adjustable resistor R3 (5) and the adjustable resistor R5 (6) are respectively connected in series with a first sound and light alarm (3) and a second sound and light alarm (4). When it is detected that the expansion and contraction amount of the base rail or the point rail exceeds a set limit, an alarm is triggered.
5. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 4, characterized in that: Various voltmeters and sound and light alarms are arranged on the platform.
6. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 1, characterized in that: Protective covers (9) are respectively provided on the outer sides of the adjustable resistor R3 (5) and the adjustable resistor R5 (6).
7. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement amplification structure (2) adopts a gear displacement amplifier, and there are two groups in total. The displacement amplification structure a is connected to the basic rail and the adjustable resistor R3 (5), and the displacement amplification structure b is connected to the pointed rail and the adjustable resistor R5 (6).
8. The real-time displacement monitoring device for a rail expansion adjuster according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each set of displacement amplification structures (2) comprises a vertical vibration-damping spring piece (201), a gear shaft (202), and a coaxially connected small gear (203) and a large gear (204). The outer sides of the small gear (203) and the large gear (204) are respectively meshed and connected with a rack a (205) and a rack b (206). One side of the vertical vibration-damping spring piece (201) is fixed to the rail end and rail bottom of the telescopic adjuster base rail or the pointed rail, and the other side is fixed to the rack a (205). The rack b (206) is rigidly connected to the sliding plate of the adjustable resistor R3 (5) or the adjustable resistor R5 (6).