Pre-splitting blasting device for large deep-sunken strip mine

Abstract

The utility model provides a presplitting blasting device for a large-scale deep pit strip mine, which comprises a plurality of main blast holes, a plurality of buffer holes, a plurality of presplitting holes and a charging structure, and the plurality of main blast holes and the plurality of buffer holes are sequentially arranged on a step surface of a mine pit. The charging structure is assembled in the main blast hole for blasting, the buffering hole buffers the impact force generated during blasting, then the position where the presplitting hole is located is precisely blasted, the precision is improved, the charging structure adopts the continuous uncoupled design, on one hand, reflection stress waves during blasting are reduced, damage to the blast hole wall is reduced, and the surrounding structure is protected; the influence of blasting on the stability of the high and steep slope is reduced, and the purpose of safe and efficient mining is achieved; and secondly, the charging structure is adopted for continuous charging, so that the distance between an explosive layer and an orifice is shortened, and large blocks generated by blasting are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines, belonging to the technical field of blasting. Background Art

[0002] The Duobaoshan copper deposit is a large-scale, low-grade porphyry copper deposit mined using open-pit mining. One ore zone is primarily composed of chloritized sericite-bearing granodiorite, with smaller portions occurring within altered andesite and quartzized potash-bearing granodiorite porphyry. The permanent haul roads within the open-pit mine utilize a spiral-switchback layout, while temporary and semi-permanent roads within the mine adopt a switchback layout. The open-pit mine is a large, deep, sunken open pit with steep slopes. Direct blasting without prior testing and prediction would be challenging due to the shear tensile stresses of the blast, which would cause radial cracks in the rock. Furthermore, the impact of shock waves would be compounded by the stress waves. The larger the single charge and the maximum single-stage charge, the greater the impact and vibration from large-scale blasting, which would affect the stability of the steep slopes. To ensure safe and efficient mining, the damage to the sunken open pit slopes must be minimized to ensure the stability of the steep slopes.

[0003] The utility model provides a pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines.

[0005] The utility model is achieved in this way:

[0006] A pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep sunken open-pit mine comprises a main blasting hole, a buffer hole, a pre-splitting hole, and a charge structure. The main blasting hole and the buffer hole are provided in a number and are sequentially opened on the step surface of the mine, with the main blasting hole close to the free surface of the step surface, and the pre-splitting hole located on the other side of the buffer hole. Each main blasting hole is provided with a charge structure.

[0007] The charging structure includes detonating caps, a barrier layer, an explosive layer, a sealing top layer, and a detonating cord. There are a certain number of explosive layers and barrier layers, and the two are arranged continuously at intervals. The top of the main gun hole is capped with a sealing top layer. The number of detonating caps is the same as the number of explosive layers, and they are buried in the explosive layer. One end of the detonating cord is connected in series with all the detonating caps, and the other end passes through the sealing top layer and is exposed to the outside.

[0008] As a further improvement, the partition layer is a net bag filled with fine sand.

[0009] As a further improvement, the mesh size of the net bag is smaller than the volume of the fine sand.

[0010] As a further improvement, the barrier layer comprises a first mesh layer, a fine sand layer, and a second mesh layer, and the fine sand layer is located between the first mesh layer and the second mesh layer.

[0011] As a further improvement, the cross-sectional sizes of the first mesh layer and the second mesh layer are larger than the main gun hole.

[0012] As a further improvement, the first mesh layer and the second mesh layer are made of bamboo woven material and polyester fiber material.

[0013] As a further improvement, the blasting detonator is a digital electronic detonator.

[0014] As a further improvement, the top sealing layer is made of clay.

[0015] As a further improvement, the explosive layer is a structure in which the emulsion explosive is wrapped in rolling paper and the outer surface is clamped and fixed by bamboo strips.

[0016] As a further improvement, the explosive layer is a bamboo tube filled with emulsion explosive.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] ① The utility model adopts a rotary drill or a down-the-hole drill to drill holes on the step surface of the mine, and blasts by assembling a charging structure in the main gun hole. The buffer hole buffers the impact force generated during blasting, and then accurately blasts the position of the pre-cracked hole to improve accuracy. The charging structure adopts a continuous non-coupled design. First, it reduces the reflected stress wave during blasting, reduces damage to the gun hole wall, protects the surrounding structure, and reduces the impact of blasting on the stability of steep slopes, thereby achieving the purpose of safe and efficient mining; second, this charging structure is used for continuous charging, shortening the distance between the explosive layer and the hole mouth, and avoiding the generation of large pieces of blasting.

[0019] ② The utility model adopts the above-mentioned structure in combination with the actual situation of the mine to pre-simulate in ANSYS / LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, that is, according to different rock drilling and blasting parameters, the blasting effect on the slope stability is numerically simulated and analyzed to determine the optimal pre-splitting blasting technical solution, and is verified by industrial tests and on-site monitoring data to improve the pre-splitting blasting effect of the mine, reduce engineering costs, ensure the stability of the slope under blasting load, and thus achieve safe, efficient and stable mining in large-scale high-steep open-pit mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the distribution of mine pits of a pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep-depression open-pit mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The utility model is a partial structural diagram of a pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep-depression open-pit mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the explosive layer structure of a pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep-depression open-pit mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The utility model is a schematic diagram of a partition layer structure of a pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep-depression open-pit mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model for which protection is sought, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically specified.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a specific implementation method for a pre-splitting blasting device for a large deep sunken open-pit mine, comprising a main blasthole 10, a buffer hole 20, a pre-splitting hole 30, and a charge structure 40. The main blastholes 10 and the buffer holes 20 are a plurality of in number and are sequentially opened on the step surface of the mine, with the main blasthole 10 close to the free surface of the step surface of the mine, and the pre-splitting hole 30 located on the other side of the buffer hole 20. Each main blasthole 10 is provided with a charge structure 40.

[0029] The charging structure 40 includes a detonating cap 401, a partition layer 402, an explosive layer 403, a sealing top layer 404, and a detonating cord 405. There are a certain number of explosive layers 403 and partition layers 402, and the two are arranged continuously at intervals. The top of the main gun hole 10 is capped with a sealing top layer 404. The number of the detonating caps 401 is the same as the number of the explosive layers 403, and they are buried in the explosive layer 403. One end of the detonating cord 405 is connected in series with all the detonating caps 401, and the other end passes through the sealing top layer 404 and is exposed to the outside.

[0030] Furthermore, there is a gap between the explosive layer 403 and the inner wall of the main gun hole 10.

[0031] The present invention adopts a rotary drill or a down-the-hole drill to drill holes on the stepped surface of the mine, and blasts by assembling a charging structure 40 in the main blasthole 10. The buffer hole 20 buffers the impact force generated during blasting, and then accurately blasts the position of the pre-crack hole 30 to improve accuracy. The charging structure 40 adopts a continuous non-coupled design, which firstly reduces the reflected stress wave during blasting, reduces damage to the blasthole wall, protects the surrounding structures, and reduces the impact of blasting on the stability of steep slopes, thereby achieving the purpose of safe and efficient mining; secondly, this charging structure is used for continuous charging, shortening the distance between the explosive layer 403 and the hole mouth, and avoiding the generation of large pieces of explosives by blasting.

[0032] The explosive layer 403 is a structure in which emulsion explosives are wrapped by a roll of paper 431 and the outer surface is clamped and fixed by bamboo strips 432. The structure is simple, easy to process, and convenient for multiple tests and adjustments of the explosive amount in the later stage.

[0033] The capping layer 404 is made of clay to improve the energy gathering effect.

[0034] The blasting detonator 401 is a digital electronic detonator. Compared with traditional powder detonators, digital electronic detonators have a higher test pass rate, which can reduce the risk of accidents caused by detonator failure. Digital transmission technology also has strong anti-interference capabilities, which can better resist the influence of external interference.

[0035] Among them, the partition layer 402 is a net bag filled with fine sand. The fine sand wrapped in the net bag can be loaded and unloaded in advance using the net bag, and then the height can be simulated according to the column to quantitatively determine the layer height. During actual measurement, it only needs to be placed carefully, and it can also provide an implementation environment for the non-coupling and continuous charging of emulsion explosives.

[0036] Furthermore, the mesh size of the net bag is smaller than the volume of the fine sand, so that the net bag can be filled with the fine sand.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Reference Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that the structure of the isolation layer is different. The isolation layer 402 includes a first mesh layer 421 , a fine sand layer 422 , and a second mesh layer 423 . The fine sand layer 422 is located between the first mesh layer 421 and the second mesh layer 423 .

[0039] Furthermore, the cross-sectional sizes of the first mesh layer 421 and the second mesh layer 423 are larger than the main gun port 10 .

[0040] Furthermore, the first mesh layer 421 and the second mesh layer 423 are made of bamboo woven material or polyester fiber material.

[0041] The utility model uses the first mesh layer 421 and the second mesh layer 423 as partitions, which is convenient for filling with fine sand and can be adjusted at will, and provides an implementation environment for non-coupling and continuous charging of emulsion explosives.

[0042] It should be noted that the implementation principle and technical effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the first embodiment.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the structure of the explosive layer is different. The explosive layer 403 is a bamboo tube filled with emulsion explosives, which has a simple structure and is easy to assemble and implement.

[0045] It should be noted that the implementation principle and technical effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the first embodiment.

[0046] In summary, the practical application steps of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] The utility model adopts the above-mentioned structure in combination with the actual situation of the mine to conduct pre-simulation in ANSYS / LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, that is, according to different rock drilling and blasting parameters, a numerical simulation analysis of the effect of blasting on slope stability is carried out to determine the optimal pre-splitting blasting technical solution, which is verified through industrial tests and on-site monitoring data to improve the pre-splitting blasting effect of the mine, reduce engineering costs, ensure the stability of the slope under blasting load, and thus realize safe, efficient and stable mining in large-scale high-steep open-pit mines.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open pit mines, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main blasthole (10), a buffer hole (20), a pre-splitting hole (30), and a charge structure (40). The main blasthole (10) and the buffer hole (20) are provided in a certain number and are sequentially opened on the step surface of the mine. The main blasthole (10) is close to the free surface of the step surface of the mine. The pre-splitting hole (30) is located on the other side of the buffer hole (20). Each main blasthole (10) is provided with a charge structure (40). The charge structure (40) comprises a blasting cap (401), a barrier layer (402), an explosive layer (403), a sealing top layer (404), and a detonating tube (405). The explosive layer (403) and the barrier layer (402) are provided in a certain number and are arranged continuously at intervals. The sealing top layer (404) is used to seal the top of the main gun hole (10). The number of the blasting caps (401) is the same as that of the explosive layer (403), and the blasting caps (401) are buried in the explosive layer (403). One end of the detonating tube (405) is connected in series with all the blasting caps (401), and the other end passes through the sealing top layer (404) and is exposed to the outside.

2. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition layer (402) is a net bag filled with fine sand.

3. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mesh size of the net bag is smaller than the volume of the fine sand.

4. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation layer (402) comprises a first mesh layer (421), a fine sand layer (422), and a second mesh layer (423), wherein the fine sand layer (422) is located between the first mesh layer (421) and the second mesh layer (423).

5. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-sectional sizes of the first mesh layer (421) and the second mesh layer (423) are larger than the main gun hole (10).

6. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first mesh layer (421) and the second mesh layer (423) are made of bamboo weaving material and polyester fiber material.

7. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting detonator (401) is a digital electronic detonator.

8. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capping layer (404) is made of clay.

9. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive layer (403) is a structure in which emulsion explosive is wrapped by rolling paper (431) and the outer surface is clamped and fixed by bamboo strips (432).

10. The pre-splitting blasting device for large deep sunken open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive layer (403) is a bamboo tube filled with emulsion explosive.

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