Cooperative heat supply system suitable for plateau low-oxygen environment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a collaborative heat supply system suitable for a plateau low-oxygen environment. The collaborative heat supply system comprises a trona modification unit, a raw material conveying and feeding unit, a pyrolysis vaporization unit, a fuel gas purification unit and an internal combustion engine power generation unit which are sequentially connected. According to the system, natural alkali resources, yak manure and highland barley waste in the plateau area are reasonably utilized, and resource utilization of the waste is achieved. Products such as charcoal, a liquid organic fertilizer, a plant nutrient solution and a soil conditioner produced by the system can be directly used for agricultural production, so that the resource utilization efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the system can achieve waste heat recovery and power generation, the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved, the recovered heat energy can be used for energy supply of other links of the system, the internal combustion engine power generation unit not only provides electric power for the system, but also can supply redundant electric energy to local life electricity, and gradient utilization of energy and maximization of comprehensive benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, and specifically relates to a collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environments. Background Art

[0002] Plateau regions, particularly the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have long faced severe challenges in energy utilization due to their unique geographical and climatic conditions. With an average altitude exceeding 4,000 meters, the region boasts a cold, dry climate and a fragile ecological environment. Traditional energy utilization methods, such as directly burning cattle and sheep manure or fossil fuels, are not only inefficient but also cause severe environmental pollution and ecological damage. Furthermore, the plateau's low oxygen content further reduces the efficiency of traditional combustion methods, increasing the difficulty of energy utilization. Residents of pastoral areas have long faced the dual dilemma of energy shortages and indoor air pollution. Furthermore, the plateau's inconvenient transportation and relatively backward economy make the import of external energy expensive, making it difficult to meet the daily needs and production needs of local residents. The application of biochar technology in plateau environments presents unique challenges. Yak manure as a raw material can improve energy efficiency and achieve waste resource utilization. However, the plateau's low oxygen content limits the efficiency of traditional pyrolysis, requiring biochar to be more adaptable to the extreme climate. The high ash and low carbon content of yak manure also add to the challenges.

[0003] Therefore, developing an energy utilization method that is suitable for the plateau environment, uses local materials, and is efficient and clean has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In response to the problem in the existing technology that an efficient, clean and sustainable heating system is urgently needed in the low-oxygen environment of the plateau, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a collaborative heating system suitable for the low-oxygen environment of the plateau. The system integrates multiple links such as biochar production, heating and flue gas treatment, which can not only effectively solve the problem of energy shortage, but also realize the recycling of resources and reduce environmental pollution.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is: a collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment, comprising a natural alkali modification unit, a raw material transportation and feeding unit, a pyrolysis and vaporization unit, a gas purification unit and an internal combustion engine power generation unit connected in sequence;

[0006] The natural alkali modification unit includes a collection tank, a sedimentation tank and a first filtering device connected in sequence;

[0007] The raw material conveying and feeding unit includes a biomass pretreatment group, a drying device, and a raw material mixing and spraying device connected in sequence; the biomass pretreatment group is used to perform solid-liquid separation and crushing pretreatment on the biomass raw materials, and the pretreated biomass raw materials enter the drying device and enter the raw material mixing and spraying device after drying; the alkaline lake water is treated in a collection tank, a sedimentation tank, and a filtration device before entering the raw material mixing and spraying device;

[0008] The pyrolysis and gasification unit includes a carbonization and pyrolysis device, and a biochar group and an oil and gas fuel group respectively connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device. The raw material mixing and spraying device is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device. The biochar group is used to screen, dry, and granulate the biochar obtained by carbonization and pyrolysis to obtain biochar particles. The oil and gas fuel group is used to separate the oil and gas in the carbonization and pyrolysis to obtain gas fuel and liquid fuel.

[0009] The gas purification unit includes a waste heat boiler device, an induced draft fan, a second filtering device, a cooling device, and a steam-water separation device connected in sequence. The waste heat boiler device is connected to a carbonization pyrolysis device and a drying device respectively. The gas fuel and liquid fuel obtained by the oil and gas fuel group enter the waste heat boiler device;

[0010] The internal combustion engine power generation unit includes an internal combustion engine power generation device and a waste heat boiler device connected to each other. The internal combustion engine power generation device is connected to a steam-water separation device, and the waste heat boiler device is connected to a waste heat boiler device.

[0011] The above-mentioned collaborative heating system suitable for low-oxygen plateau environments utilizes the natural alkaline lake resources in the plateau area to provide alkaline substances for biochar modification. In the natural alkaline modification unit, the alkaline lake water extracted from the natural alkaline lake in the plateau is transported to a collection pool for preliminary storage. The alkaline lake water is treated with impurity sedimentation in a sedimentation tank to remove suspended matter and some impurities. Finally, it is further purified through a filtration device to improve the purity of the alkaline solution. It is then transported to the raw material transportation and feeding system. After mixing with the raw material system, it provides high-quality alkaline substances for the subsequent biochar modification process. The first filtering device is preferably connected to the raw material mixing and spraying device via a screw conveyor.

[0012] The above-mentioned collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxic environments, the raw material conveying and feeding unit is mainly used to perform conventional pyrolysis and carbonization pretreatment on biomass raw materials, including solid-liquid separation, crushing, drying, and mixing. Biomass raw materials mainly include trees and logging processing residues, straw and agricultural residues, urban garbage, human and animal feces, and organic wastewater. The present utility model is mainly suitable for plateau hypoxic environments, so the biomass raw materials are mainly yak dung and barley waste. The biomass pretreatment group is mainly used to perform solid-liquid separation, crushing and other pretreatment on biomass, including an animal biomass group and a plant biomass group. The animal biomass group includes a first crushing device, a deodorizing and sterilizing device, a solid-liquid separation device, and a manure storage device and a manure storage device connected to the solid-liquid separation device in sequence; the plant biomass group includes a second crushing device; the output ends of the manure storage device and the second crushing device are both connected to a drying device. Further preferably, the animal biomass group also includes a fermentation device connected to the manure storage device, and an exhaust gas purification device and a liquid organic fertilizer storage device connected to the fermentation device respectively. The drying device is preferably connected to the raw material mixing spraying device via a screw conveyor

[0013] The above-mentioned collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxic environments, the pyrolysis vaporization unit mainly performs carbonization and pyrolysis on biomass raw materials, and then separates them into biochar products, gas fuel and liquid fuel. The carbonization and pyrolysis device pyrolyzes the mixed biomass raw materials in a high-temperature and oxygen-deficient environment, and the solid matter after pyrolysis enters the biochar group for screening, drying, granulation and other treatments, and the oil and gas mixture enters the oil and gas fuel group for oil and gas, oil and water separation to obtain gas fuel and liquid fuel. The biochar group includes a screening device, a drying and cooling device and a granulation device connected in sequence, and the screening device is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device. The oil and gas fuel group includes a connected oil and gas separation device and an oil-water separation device, and the oil and gas separation device is connected to the carbonization and decomposition device.

[0014] To improve energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact, this collaborative heating system, designed for plateau hypoxia environments, incorporates a gas purification unit. The high-temperature fuel gas generated during the pyrolysis process is first introduced into a waste heat boiler (HRSG). The steam generated by the boiler can be used for district heating or other industrial production. The boiler flue gas is then conveyed by an induced draft fan to a filtration unit. The filtered gas then enters a cooling unit for further cooling. Finally, a steam-water separator separates the purified gas from the reusable water.

[0015] To further improve energy efficiency, this collaborative heating system, suitable for plateau hypoxia environments, incorporates an internal combustion engine generator unit. A portion of the purified gas fuel is fed to the generator, and waste heat generated during the power generation process is recovered and reused in a waste heat boiler. This recovered heat can be used to supplement the heating system or for other purposes, achieving cascaded energy utilization and significantly improving overall energy efficiency.

[0016] The collaborative heating system provided by the utility model, which is suitable for plateau hypoxia environments, has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The utility model integrates multiple subsystems such as natural alkali modification unit, raw material transportation and feeding unit, pyrolysis vaporization unit, gas purification unit and internal combustion engine power generation unit, making full use of the unique resources of the plateau area, organically combining biochar production, heating and power generation units, realizing the efficient utilization of yak dung and agricultural waste, and realizing the cascade utilization and efficient circulation of energy. It can not only effectively solve the problem of energy shortage, but also realize the recycling of resources and reduce environmental pollution.

[0018] 2. The utility model realizes the high-value utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry waste by rationally utilizing the natural alkali resources, yak dung and highland barley waste in the plateau area; and the natural alkali modification unit adopts the natural alkali lake resources in the plateau and applies the alkali lake water to the biochar modification. Through the modification and fine treatment of the natural alkali lake water, the use of chemically synthesized alkali is avoided, the quality of the biochar is improved, the cost and environmental impact are further reduced, and the dual goals of energy utilization and environmental protection are achieved.

[0019] 3. The utility model produces a variety of products such as biochar, liquid organic fertilizer, plant nutrient solution, etc. that can be reused in agricultural production through a pyrolysis vaporization unit. The alkali-modified biochar produced has higher adsorption capacity and nutrient retention capacity, which is particularly suitable for the soil improvement needs in plateau areas, achieving dual benefits of environment and agriculture. The generated gas and liquid fuel energy are used for system operation, saving energy consumption during system operation and reducing costs.

[0020] 4. This utility model not only directly utilizes biochar for heat generation but also achieves multi-stage flue gas treatment, waste heat recovery, and power generation through a waste heat boiler and internal combustion engine generator. This significantly reduces pollutant emissions and improves energy efficiency. The heat energy recovered by the waste heat boiler can be used to power other parts of the system, while the internal combustion engine generator not only provides power for the system but also supplies excess electricity for local household use. Overall, the recovery of byproducts during the pyrolysis process improves economic benefits. The waste heat utilization and gas purification technology not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces environmental impact, achieving cascaded energy utilization and maximizing comprehensive benefits.

[0021] 5. The utility model provides a collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environments. This comprehensive system solves the problems of soil improvement and energy utilization in plateau areas, provides new technical support for local sustainable development, and has significant ecological and economic value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model is a collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts belong to the present invention.

[0024] This embodiment provides a collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a natural alkali modification unit, a raw material transportation and feeding unit, a pyrolysis vaporization unit, a fuel gas purification unit and an internal combustion engine power generation unit which are connected in sequence.

[0025] The natural soda modification unit consists of a collection tank, a sedimentation tank, and a first filtration device, all connected in sequence. The collection tank collects alkaline water from the plateau's natural soda lakes. The sedimentation tank removes suspended matter and some impurities from the water, and the filtration device further purifies the alkali liquor. After being treated in the collection tank, sedimentation tank, and filtration device, the alkaline lake water enters the raw material mixing and spraying device. Biochar is chemically modified using the abundant natural alkaline resources of the plateau's salt lakes. These alkaline substances, such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and sodium sesquicarbonate (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O), are abundant in natural salt lakes. These substances are not only abundant and low-cost, but also improve pyrolysis efficiency and enhance the stability and durability of biochar in low-oxygen conditions. The modified biochar can be used as a high-quality heating fuel and, through its excellent environmental adaptability, reduce energy dependence and promote sustainable development. The unit first extracts alkaline water with an alkalinity concentration of 30–50 g / L from the plateau's natural soda lakes and transfers it to the collection tank for initial storage. Subsequently, the alkaline lake water is treated in sedimentation tanks to remove suspended solids and some impurities. Finally, it is further purified through filtration, raising the purity of the alkali liquor to over 80g / L. After being mixed with the raw material system via a screw conveyor, it provides high-quality alkaline material for the subsequent biochar modification process. This fully utilizes the unique natural alkali resources of the plateau, avoiding the high cost of artificial alkali synthesis and reducing environmental impact.

[0026] The raw material conveying and feeding unit consists of a biomass pretreatment group, a drying unit, and a raw material mixing and spraying unit, all connected in sequence. The biomass pretreatment group is used to pre-process the biomass raw materials through solid-liquid separation and crushing. It includes an animal biomass group and a plant biomass group. The animal biomass group includes a first crushing unit, a deodorizing and sterilizing unit, a solid-liquid separator, a manure storage unit, a feces storage unit, a fermentation unit, an exhaust gas purification unit, and a liquid organic fertilizer storage unit. The first crushing unit, deodorizing and sterilizing unit, and solid-liquid separator are connected in sequence. The manure storage unit and the feces storage unit are each connected to the solid-liquid separator, the fermentation unit is connected to the manure storage unit, and the exhaust gas purification unit and the liquid organic fertilizer storage unit are each connected to the fermentation unit. The first crushing unit is used to process yak dung. The plant biomass group includes a second crushing unit, which is used to process highland barley waste. The outputs of the feces storage unit and the second crushing unit are both connected to the drying unit. The pretreated biomass raw materials enter the drying unit and, after drying, enter the raw material mixing and spraying unit. This system primarily processes two raw materials: yak dung and highland barley waste. During the yak dung processing process, fresh yak dung is first collected and processed through a crushing unit. It is then deodorized and disinfected using a deodorizing and sterilizing unit to remove odors and undergo preliminary disinfection. Next, the yak dung is separated into solid and liquid components using a solid-liquid separator, which enter a dung storage unit and a liquid manure storage unit, respectively. The solid dung undergoes anaerobically fermented in a fermentation unit, and the resulting biogas is treated in an exhaust gas purification unit for use as fuel. For highland barley waste, waste materials such as highland barley straw are collected and crushed to a particle size of less than 2mm before entering a drying unit for drying. Finally, the treated yak dung and highland barley waste are thoroughly mixed in a raw material mixing and spraying unit, where alkali solution treated with a natural alkali modification system is added for preliminary modification. This unit fully utilizes agricultural and animal husbandry waste unique to the plateau region, realizing waste resource utilization and improving the quality and uniformity of the raw materials through refined processing.

[0027] The pyrolysis and gasification unit includes a carbonization and pyrolysis unit, a biochar assembly, and an oil and gas fuel assembly. The biochar assembly and the oil and gas fuel assembly are each connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis unit. The output of the raw material mixing and spraying unit is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis unit. The biochar assembly is used to screen, dry, and pelletize the biochar produced by carbonization and pyrolysis to produce biochar granules. It includes a screening unit, a drying and cooling unit, and a pelletizing unit connected in sequence. The solids output of the carbonization and pyrolysis unit is connected to the screening unit. The oil and gas fuel assembly is used to separate the oil and gas produced during carbonization and pyrolysis into gaseous fuel and liquid fuel. It includes an oil-gas separator and an oil-water separator. The liquid output of the oil-gas separator is connected to the oil-water separator, while the input of the oil-gas separator is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis unit. The mixed raw materials first enter the carbonization and pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis in a high-temperature, oxygen-deficient environment. The gases generated during pyrolysis enter the screening unit to separate their components. The separated oil and gas enter the oil-gas separator for further separation into gaseous fuel and liquid fuel. A portion of the gaseous fuel is returned to the carbonization and pyrolysis unit to provide heat for the pyrolysis process. The liquid fuel passes through an oil-water separator, producing a plant nutrient solution and liquid fuel. The solid matter after pyrolysis is dried and cooled before entering a pelletizing unit, where it is produced into uniformly sized biochar pellets. This unit achieves efficient raw material conversion, producing high-quality biochar while also recovering valuable byproducts such as gaseous and liquid fuels, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the entire system.

[0028] The gas purification unit consists of a waste heat boiler (HRSG), an induced draft fan (IDF), a second filtration device, a cooling device, and a steam-water separator. The HRSG is connected to a carbonization and pyrolysis unit and a drying unit, respectively. The gaseous and liquid fuels generated by the oil and gas fuel assembly enter the HRSG. To improve energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact, the high-temperature gases produced during the pyrolysis process are first introduced into the HRSG. The steam generated by the boiler can be used for district heating or other industrial production. The boiler flue gas is then conveyed to the filtration device via the IDF. The filtered gas then enters the cooling device for further cooling. Finally, the HRSG passes through the steam-water separator, separating reusable water and purified gas.

[0029] The internal combustion engine power generation unit comprises an internal combustion engine generator and a waste heat boiler. The internal combustion engine generator input is connected to the steam-water separation device, while the internal combustion engine generator waste heat output is connected to the waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler is connected to the waste heat boiler. To further improve energy efficiency, a portion of the purified gas fuel is delivered to the internal combustion engine generator, and the waste heat generated during power generation is recovered and reused by the waste heat boiler. This recovered heat energy can be used to supplement the heating system or for other purposes, achieving cascaded energy utilization and significantly improving overall energy efficiency.

[0030] This system directly utilizes the combustible gas and liquid fuel produced by pyrolysis as a heat source for pyrolysis, drying, and fermentation, using the waste heat from pyrolysis as a heat source for fermentation and drying. Yak dung water is used to produce liquid organic fertilizer. Solid yak dung is mixed with highland barley waste in any proportion and then pyrolyzed and carbonized. The biochar produced by carbonization is used to prepare a soil conditioner, and carbonization produces liquid fuel and plant nutrient solution. By applying this system to plateau areas, local discarded yak dung and highland barley waste can be reused to produce a variety of products that can be reused in agricultural production, such as biochar, liquid organic fertilizer, plant nutrient solution, and soil conditioner, achieving dual benefits for both the environment and agriculture. The generated gas and liquid fuel energy is used to operate the system, saving energy consumption and reducing costs during operation. Excess energy is collected and used for energy supply.

[0031] The utility model operates according to the following principles: The natural alkali modification unit extracts alkaline lake water from a plateau natural alkali lake, and after sedimentation and filtration, produces a high-purity alkali solution. In the raw material conveying and feeding unit, a first crushing unit crushes yak dung, and a second crushing unit crushes barley waste. The crushed yak dung undergoes deodorization, sterilization, and solid-liquid separation. The solid portion, along with the crushed barley waste, enters a drying unit for drying, while the liquid portion enters a fermentation unit to produce liquid organic fertilizer. The dried solid material is mixed with natural alkali solution in a raw material mixing and spraying unit. The pyrolysis and vaporization system pyrolyzes and carbonizes the mixed materials, producing biochar, combustible gas, and liquid fuel. The biochar is dried, cooled, and granulated, and then used to produce a soil conditioner. The gaseous substances produced by carbonization pass through an oil-gas separation unit to separate combustible gas and an oil-water mixture. The oil-water mixture is then separated into liquid fuel and plant nutrient solution. The liquid fuel is then used to power a combustion furnace. The gas purification unit processes the high-temperature gases produced by pyrolysis, recovering heat energy and purifying the gases. The internal combustion engine power generation unit uses the purified gas to generate electricity and recovers waste heat to power other parts of the system.

[0032] The system of the present utility model realizes the resource utilization of waste by rationally utilizing the natural soda resources, yak dung and highland barley waste in the plateau area. The products such as biochar, liquid organic fertilizer, plant nutrient solution and soil conditioner produced by the system can be directly used in agricultural production, thereby improving the efficiency of resource utilization. At the same time, the system also realizes waste heat recovery and power generation through the waste heat boiler device and the internal combustion engine power generation device, greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization. The heat energy recovered by the waste heat boiler device can be used to supply energy for other parts of the system, and the internal combustion engine power generation not only provides electricity for the system, but also supplies excess electricity to local domestic electricity consumption, thus realizing the cascade utilization of energy and maximizing the comprehensive benefits.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific descriptions and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can, based on the technical teachings disclosed in this utility model, make various other specific variations and combinations that do not depart from the essence of the present invention, and such variations and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environments, characterized by: It includes a natural alkali modification unit, a raw material transportation and feeding unit, a pyrolysis gasification unit, a fuel gas purification unit and an internal combustion engine power generation unit connected in sequence; The natural alkali modification unit includes a collection tank, a sedimentation tank and a first filtering device connected in sequence; The raw material conveying and feeding unit includes a biomass pretreatment group, a drying device, and a raw material mixing and spraying device connected in sequence; the biomass pretreatment group is used to perform solid-liquid separation and crushing pretreatment on the biomass raw materials, and the pretreated biomass raw materials enter the drying device and enter the raw material mixing and spraying device after drying; the alkaline lake water is treated in a collection tank, a sedimentation tank, and a filtration device before entering the raw material mixing and spraying device; The pyrolysis and gasification unit includes a carbonization and pyrolysis device, and a biochar group and an oil and gas fuel group respectively connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device. The raw material mixing and spraying device is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device. The biochar group is used to screen, dry, and granulate the biochar obtained by carbonization and pyrolysis to obtain biochar particles. The oil and gas fuel group is used to separate the oil and gas in the carbonization and pyrolysis to obtain gas fuel and liquid fuel. The gas purification unit includes a waste heat boiler device, an induced draft fan, a second filtering device, a cooling device, and a steam-water separation device connected in sequence. The waste heat boiler device is connected to a carbonization pyrolysis device and a drying device respectively. The gas fuel and liquid fuel obtained by the oil and gas fuel group enter the waste heat boiler device; The internal combustion engine power generation unit includes an internal combustion engine power generation device and a waste heat boiler device connected to each other. The internal combustion engine power generation device is connected to a steam-water separation device, and the waste heat boiler device is connected to a waste heat boiler device.

2. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass pretreatment group includes an animal biomass group and a plant biomass group. The animal biomass group includes a first crushing device, a deodorizing and sterilizing device, a solid-liquid separation device, and a manure storage device and a feces storage device connected to the solid-liquid separation device in sequence; the plant biomass group includes a second crushing device; and the output ends of the feces storage device and the second crushing device are both connected to a drying device.

3. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The animal biomass group further includes a fermentation device connected to the manure storage device, and an exhaust gas purification device and a liquid organic fertilizer storage device respectively connected to the fermentation device.

4. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar group includes a screening device, a drying and cooling device, and a granulating device connected in sequence, and the screening device is connected to the carbonization and pyrolysis device.

5. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil-gas fuel assembly comprises an oil-gas separation device and an oil-water separation device connected thereto, and the oil-gas separation device is connected to a carbonization and decomposition device.

6. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first filtering device is connected to the raw material mixing and spraying device through a screw conveyor.

7. The collaborative heating system suitable for plateau hypoxia environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying device is connected to the raw material mixing and spraying device through a screw conveyor.

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