Energy storage device

Abstract

The utility model provides energy storage equipment. The energy storage equipment comprises a shell, a battery module and a fire-fighting assembly, a battery compartment is formed in the shell and used for containing heat exchange liquid, the battery module is installed in the battery compartment and used for being immersed in the heat exchange liquid, the fire fighting assembly comprises a first detector, and the first detector is installed in the battery compartment and used for detecting at least one of the temperature, the smoke concentration and the combustible gas concentration in the battery compartment in real time. Therefore, the energy storage equipment can detect the thermal runaway parameter of the battery compartment in time, so that early warning is performed in advance, measures are taken to prevent fire or explosion accidents of the energy storage equipment, and the safety of the energy storage equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to energy storage equipment. Background Art

[0002] Immersed liquid cooling thermal management technology significantly improves the safety of submerged energy storage systems by suppressing thermal runaway and heat spread in battery modules within the battery compartment. However, related technologies typically only install detectors within the submerged energy storage system's electrical compartment. Because the battery compartment still carries the risk of thermal runaway and heat spread during operation, detectors within the electrical compartment cannot accurately detect thermal runaway parameters within the battery compartment, compromising the safety of the energy storage system. Utility Model Content

[0003] The embodiments of the present utility model provide an energy storage device, which can accurately detect thermal runaway parameters in a battery compartment and improve the safety of the energy storage device.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy storage device.

[0005] In one embodiment, the housing is formed with a battery compartment, and the battery compartment is used to contain the heat exchange fluid;

[0006] a battery module, mounted in the battery compartment, the battery module being configured to be immersed in the heat exchange fluid;

[0007] The fire protection component includes a first detector, which is installed in the battery compartment and is used to detect at least one of the temperature, smoke concentration and combustible gas concentration in the battery compartment in real time.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first detector includes at least one of a first temperature sensor, a first smoke sensor, and a combustible gas concentration sensor.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first detector includes the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor, and the combustible gas concentration sensor, and the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor, and the combustible gas concentration sensor are integrated into one body.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first temperature sensor includes at least one of a rod-shaped constant temperature temperature detector, a temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component, a thermistor sensor, and a thermistor probe; and / or,

[0011] The first smoke sensor includes at least one of an ion smoke sensor, an infrared combustible gas detector, a photoelectric sensor, and a semiconductor gas detector; and / or,

[0012] The combustible gas concentration sensor includes at least one of a catalytic combustion sensor, a semiconductor gas sensor, an infrared sensor, a gas sensor and a photoionization sensor.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first detector is mounted on the top wall of the battery compartment.

[0014] In one embodiment, the distance between the first detector and the top of the battery module is H1, where H1 is ≥ 150 mm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the housing further forms an electrical compartment, and the electrical compartment and the battery compartment are spaced apart;

[0016] The energy storage device further includes an electrical unit and a second detector. Both the electrical unit and the second detector are installed in the electrical compartment. The second detector is used to detect the temperature or smoke concentration in the electrical compartment in real time.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first detector is disposed adjacent to the electrical compartment; and / or,

[0018] The second detector is installed on the top wall of the electrical compartment.

[0019] In one embodiment, the second detector includes at least one of a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor.

[0020] In one embodiment, the second detector includes the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor, and the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor are integrated into one body.

[0021] In one embodiment, the fire protection component further includes an audible and visual alarm, which is installed on the housing. The audible and visual alarm, the first detector and the second detector are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0022] In one embodiment, the housing is further provided with an exhaust port connected to the battery compartment, the exhaust port is located above the battery module, and the energy storage device further includes a balancing valve, the balancing valve is installed at the exhaust port, and the balancing valve is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the battery compartment; and / or,

[0023] The shell is further provided with an explosion vent connected to the battery compartment, and the explosion vent is located above the battery module. The energy storage device also includes an explosion vent plate, and the explosion vent plate sealing cover is provided on the explosion vent.

[0024] In one embodiment, the exhaust port is provided at the top of the housing; and / or,

[0025] The explosion vent is arranged on the top of the shell.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present utility model:

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, by immersing the battery module in a heat exchange fluid, more efficient heat exchange can be achieved, effectively controlling the temperature rise and temperature difference of the battery module, and preventing thermal runaway and heat spread. The heat exchange fluid can quickly remove the heat generated by the battery module during operation, helping to maintain the battery module within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the efficiency and life of the battery module. The first detector in the fire protection assembly can monitor at least one of the temperature, smoke concentration, and combustible gas concentration within the battery module compartment in real time. This enables the energy storage device to promptly detect thermal runaway parameters in the battery compartment, thereby providing early warning and taking measures to prevent fire or explosion accidents in the energy storage device, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device. Because the battery module is encapsulated in a housing and has a heat exchange fluid as an insulation layer, this design enables the energy storage device to operate stably in various environments, including extreme temperature conditions, improving the overall performance and reliability of the energy storage device. An effective early warning system can reduce the need for maintenance due to overheating or failure, thereby reducing the long-term operating costs of the energy storage device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the energy storage device provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module shown is immersed in the heat exchange fluid;

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the energy storage device shown;

[0032] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in the middle;

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of the energy storage device.

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] 10. Energy storage equipment;

[0036] 1. Housing, 11. Battery compartment, 12. Electrical compartment, 2. Battery module, 3. First detector, 4. Electrical unit, 5. Second detector, 6. Sound and light alarm, 7. Balancing valve, 8. Explosion vent panel;

[0037] 20. Heat exchange fluid;

[0038] 30. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the accompanying drawings; while "inside" and "outside" refer to the outline of the device.

[0040] Immersed liquid cooling thermal management technology significantly improves the safety of submerged energy storage systems by suppressing thermal runaway and heat spread in battery modules within the battery compartment. However, related technologies typically only install detectors within the submerged energy storage system's electrical compartment. Because the battery compartment still carries the risk of thermal runaway and heat spread during operation, detectors within the electrical compartment cannot accurately detect thermal runaway parameters within the battery compartment, compromising the safety of the energy storage system.

[0041] In view of this, the present invention proposes an energy storage device. Figures 1 to 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the energy storage device provided by the present invention. The energy storage device provided by the present invention can accurately detect thermal runaway parameters within the battery compartment, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device. The energy storage device will be described in detail below with reference to the main figures.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The energy storage device 10 includes a shell 1, a battery module 2 and a fire protection component. The shell 1 is formed with a battery compartment 11, which is used to hold a heat exchange fluid 20. The battery module 2 is installed in the battery compartment 11 and is used to be immersed in the heat exchange fluid 20. The fire protection component includes a first detector 3, which is installed in the battery compartment 11 and is used to detect at least one of the temperature, smoke concentration and combustible gas concentration in the battery compartment 11 in real time.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, by immersing the battery module 2 in a heat exchange fluid 20, more efficient heat exchange can be achieved, effectively controlling the temperature rise and temperature difference of the battery module, and preventing thermal runaway and heat spread. The heat exchange fluid 20 can quickly remove the heat generated by the battery module 2 during operation, helping to maintain the battery module 2 within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the efficiency and lifespan of the battery module 2. The first detector 3 in the fire protection assembly can monitor at least one of the temperature, smoke concentration, and combustible gas concentration within the battery module 2 compartment in real time. This enables the energy storage device 10 to promptly detect thermal runaway parameters within the battery compartment 11, thereby providing early warning and taking measures to prevent fire or explosion accidents in the energy storage device 10, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device. Because the battery module is encapsulated in the housing 1 and the heat exchange fluid 20 serves as an insulating layer, this design enables the energy storage device 10 to operate stably in various environments, including extreme temperature conditions, improving the overall performance and reliability of the energy storage device 10. Through an effective early warning system, maintenance requirements due to overheating or failure can be reduced, thereby reducing the long-term operating costs of the energy storage device 10.

[0044] It should be noted that since the battery compartment 11 contains the heat exchange fluid 20, the first detector 3 needs to meet the special working environment conditions of the heat exchange fluid 20 immersing the battery module 2, that is, the first detector 3 needs to meet the protection level of IP67 and above to ensure that the first detector 3 can work normally in the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first detector 3 includes at least one of a first temperature sensor, a first smoke sensor, and a combustible gas concentration sensor. In this way, the temperature sensor can monitor the internal temperature of the battery compartment 11 to ensure that the battery module 2 will not be damaged or cause a fire due to overheating. The smoke sensor can detect the smoke produced by the initial combustion and issue an alarm even before the fire source is obvious. The combustible gas concentration sensor can monitor possible leaks of flammable and explosive gases to prevent the risk of explosion. At least one of the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor, and the combustible gas concentration sensor can monitor environmental changes in the battery compartment 11 in real time. Once an abnormality is detected (such as an abnormal increase in temperature, smoke generation, or an increase in combustible gas concentration), an alarm can be triggered immediately to buy valuable time for taking emergency measures.

[0046] It's important to note that, combined with data from these sensors, the control system can automatically analyze the severity of the situation and intelligently initiate appropriate emergency procedures, such as activating the firefighting system, shutting off power, and providing ventilation, effectively preventing the situation from escalating. Furthermore, monitoring data can be recorded for subsequent analysis, helping to understand the cause of the incident, optimize system design, and provide reference for similar situations, further improving safety management.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first detector 3 includes a first temperature sensor, a first smoke sensor, and a combustible gas concentration sensor, all integrated into one unit. This integrated design reduces the space required for separate installations of the first temperature sensor, first smoke sensor, and combustible gas concentration sensor, making the first detector 3 more compact and easier to install within limited spaces. The integrated design of the first temperature sensor, first smoke sensor, and combustible gas concentration sensor facilitates installation and maintenance. Requiring only a single installation, this reduces wiring and debugging workload, while also lowering maintenance costs and complexity. Data from the first temperature sensor, first smoke sensor, and combustible gas concentration sensor can be collected and processed through a single interface, simplifying data transmission and analysis and improving the efficiency and accuracy of information integration. The integrated design allows the first temperature sensor, first smoke sensor, and combustible gas concentration sensor to share a common environment, enabling mutual verification of detection results and improving overall detection accuracy and reliability. For example, when both temperature and combustible gas concentration rise simultaneously, potential hazardous situations can be identified more quickly. In addition, the integrated setting of the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor and the combustible gas concentration sensor can integrate the information of multiple sensors and use algorithms to determine whether an emergency situation really exists, thereby reducing false alarms that may be caused by a single sensor.

[0048] In one embodiment, the first temperature sensor includes at least one of a rod-shaped constant-temperature detector, a temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component, a thermistor sensor, and a thermistor probe. The rod-shaped constant-temperature detector is typically manufactured based on the principles of a thermocouple or thermistor. It continuously monitors temperature. When the temperature reaches a preset threshold, it triggers an alarm or activates a corresponding safety mechanism. Its rod-shaped design enables rapid response to temperature changes. The rod-shaped constant-temperature detector meets explosion-proof requirements, with a protection level of IP67 or higher. It can operate normally within the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20 and is low-cost. The temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component utilizes the magnetic induction effect. When the temperature reaches a certain value, the properties of the magnetic material change, which in turn affects the magnetic field, generating changes in current or voltage, thereby triggering an alarm. The temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component operates without an external power supply and meets explosion-proof requirements, with a protection level of IP67 or higher. It can operate normally within the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20. Since the temperature-sensitive magnetoelectric component has no moving parts, it has a long service life and low maintenance requirements. Thermistor sensors measure temperature based on the property that the resistance of the material changes with temperature. Thermistor sensors have a fast response time and can quickly reflect temperature changes. In addition, the thermistor sensor meets the explosion-proof requirements, and the protection level can reach IP67 and above, and it can work normally in the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20. The thermistor probe is an element whose resistance value changes with temperature. By monitoring the change in resistance value, the temperature change can be inferred. Thermistors are very sensitive to temperature changes and can provide accurate temperature readings. It also meets the explosion-proof requirements, and the protection level can reach IP67 and above, and it can work normally in the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20.

[0049] It should be noted that the type of the first temperature sensor can be selected as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0050] In one embodiment, the first smoke sensor includes at least one of an ion smoke sensor, an infrared combustible gas detector, a photoelectric sensor, and a semiconductor gas detector. Ion smoke sensors operate based on the principle of an ionization chamber. An ionization chamber is a sealed container containing a radioactive isotope (such as americium-241). It emits alpha particles, ionizing the air within the chamber to form positive and negative ions. Under the influence of an electric field, the positive and negative ions migrate toward electrodes, generating an electric current. When smoke particles enter the ionization chamber, they absorb ions, causing the current to drop, thereby triggering an alarm. Ion smoke sensors are highly sensitive to tiny smoke particles produced by early-stage fires and can respond quickly, providing early warning. Furthermore, ion smoke sensors have a simple structure, are relatively low cost, meet explosion-proof requirements, and can achieve a protection level of IP67 or above. Infrared combustible gas detectors detect gases by utilizing the absorption characteristics of specific gases within the infrared spectrum. Each gas has a unique absorption wavelength. The detector emits infrared light that passes through the gas sample. If a gas absorbs infrared light of a specific wavelength, the intensity of the light detected by the detector's receiver decreases, thereby determining the presence of the target gas. Infrared combustible gas detectors can specifically detect specific types of combustible gas, avoiding false alarms. Furthermore, they meet explosion-proof requirements and can achieve IP67 and above protection levels. Semiconductor gas detectors typically use metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) as sensing elements. When gas molecules adsorb on the semiconductor surface, they change the semiconductor's conductivity. The type and concentration of the gas affect the conductivity, which in turn determines the detection rate. Photoelectric sensors detect smoke concentration based on the scattering effect of smoke particles on light. They can detect even low smoke concentrations, providing early warning in the early stages of a fire. They also have a fast response time and strong anti-interference capabilities, meeting explosion-proof requirements and achieving IP67 and above protection levels. Semiconductor gas detectors can detect a wide range of gases, including flammable, toxic, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and they also respond well to low concentrations. Semiconductor gas detectors also meet explosion-proof requirements and can achieve IP67 and above protection levels.

[0051] It should be noted that the type of the first smoke sensor can be selected as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0052] In one embodiment, the combustible gas concentration sensor includes at least one of a catalytic combustion sensor, a semiconductor gas sensor, an infrared sensor, a gas sensor, and a photoionization sensor. The catalytic combustion sensor is based on the oxidation reaction of the combustible gas under the action of a catalyst. There is a heating wire inside the catalytic combustion sensor. When the combustible gas contacts the heated catalyst surface, flameless combustion occurs, generating heat. This heat causes the resistance of the heating wire to change, thereby changing the current or voltage in the circuit, from which the concentration of the combustible gas can be calculated. The catalytic combustion sensor has high accuracy and reliability for detecting combustible gases and meets explosion-proof requirements. The protection level can reach IP67 and above. Semiconductor gas sensors generally use metal oxide semiconductor materials, such as SnO2 (tin dioxide). When gas molecules are adsorbed on the sensor surface, the electronic properties of the material are changed, causing its conductivity to change. By measuring the change in conductivity, the type and concentration of the gas can be determined. Semiconductor gas sensors can also respond to low concentrations of gas. Compared with other technologies, semiconductor gas sensors are less expensive. In addition. Semiconductor gas sensors meet explosion-proof requirements and can achieve IP67 and above protection levels. Infrared sensors detect gases by measuring the absorption of infrared light of specific wavelengths by gas molecules. Each gas has a unique absorption spectrum, so by analyzing the absorption spectrum, the type and concentration of the gas can be determined. Infrared sensors can detect specific gases, reducing false alarms. In addition, infrared sensors meet explosion-proof requirements and can achieve IP67 and above protection levels. Gas sensors detect combustible gas concentrations based on changes in electrical properties caused by chemical reactions or physical adsorption between the gas and the sensor's sensitive material. Gas sensors can detect combustible gas even at low concentrations and have a fast response speed, helping to promptly identify potential hazards. Gas sensors offer excellent stability, meet explosion-proof requirements, and can achieve IP67 and above protection levels. Photoionization sensors use ultraviolet light to ionize gas molecules. The ionized gas molecules generate electrons and positive ions, forming a charge flow. By measuring the magnitude of this charge flow, the gas concentration can be determined. Photoionization sensors can detect a variety of gases, including flammable gases, and have a fast response time even for low-concentration gases. Furthermore, they meet explosion-proof requirements and can achieve IP67 protection levels and above.

[0053] It should be noted that the type of combustible gas concentration sensor can be selected as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0054] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3In one embodiment, the first detector 3 is mounted on the top wall of the battery compartment 11. Many flammable gases (such as hydrogen) are lighter than air and naturally rise upon leakage. Mounting the first detector 3 at a higher position allows for quicker detection of these gases, as they tend to rise and accumulate at the top of the space. Mounting the first detector 3 on the top wall enables early detection of gas leaks, which is crucial for timely action to prevent accidents. Early detection means emergency procedures can be initiated more quickly, mitigating potential hazards. Mounting the first detector 3 on the top wall of the battery compartment 11 ensures an unobstructed sensing area for the first detector 3, improving detection efficiency. If there are heating elements within the battery compartment 11, placing the first detector 3 on the top wall reduces the impact of heat on the first detector 3, preventing false alarms or reduced detection accuracy. Mounting the first detector 3 on the top wall allows maintenance personnel to more easily access it for regular inspection, cleaning, and calibration, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the first detector 3. For some first detectors 3 that may be affected by moisture, mounting them at a higher position can prevent water damage, especially if liquids may be present in the battery compartment 11.

[0055] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3In one embodiment, the distance between the first detector 3 and the top of the battery module 2 is H1, where H1 ≥ 150 mm. In this way, maintaining a certain distance between the detector and the battery module 2 can prevent direct contact with the battery module 2 and reduce the risk of damage to the first detector 3 due to battery module 2 failure (such as leakage or overheating). The battery module 2 generates heat during operation, especially during charging or discharging. Maintaining a certain distance helps prevent the heat from the battery module 2 from directly radiating to the first detector 3, ensuring that the temperature of the first detector 3 is within the normal operating range and avoiding thermal damage or false alarms. For monitoring combustible gases or smoke, a distance of more than 150 mm allows the gas or smoke sufficient time to diffuse, ensuring that the detector can detect a uniformly distributed gas concentration, improving monitoring accuracy and response speed. Especially when monitoring gases lighter than air, maintaining a certain height can better capture these gases because they tend to rise and gather in the upper part of the space. The appropriate distance prevents maintenance personnel from easily touching the first detector 3 when inspecting or replacing the battery module 2, reducing the possibility of accidental damage. The battery module 2 may generate an electromagnetic field when working. Keeping a certain distance from the battery module 2 can reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the signal of the first detector 3, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the first detector 3. The distance between the first detector 3 and the top of the battery module 2 is H1, where H1 ≥ 150mm. Being able to keep the first detector 3 at a sufficient distance from the top of the battery module 2 can prevent the heat exchange fluid 20 from directly contacting the first detector 3 when it splashes or overflows, reduce the risk of heat exchange fluid 20 intrusion, and prevent short circuits or corrosion in the internal circuits of the first detector 3. The heat exchange fluid 20 will take away the heat of the battery module 2 during the circulation process. If the first detector 3 is too close to the top of the battery module 2, it may receive too much indirect heat, affecting its normal operating temperature and thus affecting the monitoring accuracy.

[0056] It should be noted that the distance between the first detector 3 and the top of the battery module 2 can be 150 mm, 151 mm, 152 mm, 159 mm, 161 mm, 165 mm, 170 mm, 179 mm, 180 mm, 187 mm or 190 mm, etc. The distance between the first detector 3 and the top of the battery module 2 can be set as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0057] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3In one embodiment, the housing 1 is further formed with an electrical compartment 12, and the electrical compartment 12 and the battery compartment 11 are spaced apart. The energy storage device 10 also includes an electrical unit 4 and a second detector 5, both of which are installed in the electrical compartment 12. The second detector 5 is used to detect the temperature or smoke concentration in the electrical compartment 12 in real time. In this way, the electrical compartment 12 and the battery compartment 11 are spaced apart to prevent the spread of fire in the event of an electrical equipment failure or a battery failure, reduce the impact of an accident in one compartment on another compartment, and improve the fire safety of the entire energy storage device 10. The second detector 5 is specifically used to monitor the environment in the electrical compartment 12 and can be independent of the monitoring system of the battery compartment 11, providing more accurate monitoring of the operating status of the electrical unit 4, which helps to promptly detect electrical failures or fire hazards. The separated compartment design allows the electrical unit 4 and the battery module 2 to be operated and maintained independently, reducing mutual interference and improving the stability and reliability of the entire energy storage device 10. Separating the electrical compartment 12 and the battery compartment 11 helps to optimize their respective thermal management. The electrical unit 4 and the battery pack have different thermal characteristics. The independent compartment design can implement targeted thermal management strategies to improve heat dissipation efficiency. When the electrical unit 4 needs to be maintained or replaced, it can be operated independently without worrying about affecting the battery module 2. Similarly, battery maintenance will not interfere with the operation of the electrical unit 4, which simplifies the maintenance process and shortens maintenance time. The second detector 5 installed in the electrical compartment 12 can monitor the temperature and / or smoke concentration in real time. Once an abnormality is detected, an emergency response can be initiated immediately to reduce the risk of electrical fires. The separated compartment design also facilitates future system upgrades or expansions. The electrical unit 4 or battery module 2 can be added or replaced independently without the need for large-scale transformation of the entire energy storage device 10.

[0058] Reference Figures 2 to 4 In one embodiment, the first detector 3 is positioned adjacent to the electrical compartment 12. This placement simplifies wiring, reduces signal transmission delays, and improves the overall system response speed and efficiency. Installing the first detector 3 near the electrical compartment 12 reduces the need for additional infrastructure, such as unnecessary piping and cabling, thereby optimizing project costs.

[0059] Reference Figures 2 to 4In one embodiment, the second detector 5 is installed on the top wall of the electrical compartment 12. In this way, the smoke tends to rise naturally in the electrical compartment 12, and the second detector 5 is installed on the top wall of the electrical compartment 12 to ensure that the smoke is detected in a timely and effective manner before the smoke reaches a dangerous concentration. The second detector 5 installed on the top wall of the electrical compartment 12 is not easily blocked by the electrical unit 4 or other objects, ensuring that the sensing area of ​​the second detector 5 is unobstructed, thereby improving the accuracy and range of detection. The top wall position can avoid the influence of factors such as temperature gradients and airflow disturbances that may exist near the ground or walls on the detector, reducing the possibility of false alarms. The second detector 5 at the top wall position is usually easier to access, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to conduct regular inspections, cleaning or replacement of sensors, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the second detector 5.

[0060] In one embodiment, the second detector 5 includes at least one of a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor. The second smoke sensor can detect smoke generated by an incipient fire within the electrical compartment 12, providing an early warning to enable timely firefighting measures to prevent the spread of the fire. The second temperature sensor can monitor temperature changes within the electrical compartment 12 to promptly detect overheating, which may be a precursor to a failure or short circuit in the electrical unit 4 and requires immediate action to prevent potential fire or equipment damage.

[0061] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the second detector 5 includes a second temperature sensor, and in another embodiment, the second detector 5 includes a second smoke sensor. In other embodiments, the second detector 5 includes a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor. Equipping both a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor can build a multi-layered safety protection system. Even if one sensor fails to detect an anomaly, the other sensor may still detect the problem, thereby improving the overall safety of the energy storage device 10. Smoke and temperature data can verify each other to reduce false alarms. For example, if only a temperature rise is detected without smoke, it may be a normal operating state; however, if both are abnormal at the same time, it may be a real fire situation.

[0062] In one embodiment, the second detector 5 includes a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor, and the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor are integrated into one body. In this way, the integrated design can reduce the need for installation space. In addition, the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor are integrated into one body, so that only one integrated second detector 5 needs to be installed instead of two independent second temperature sensors and second smoke sensors, which simplifies the installation process, reduces the workload of wiring and debugging, and is also more convenient during maintenance and inspection. The integrated second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor can ensure the synchronization and consistency of data acquisition, avoiding possible time differences or data mismatches. In addition, the temperature and smoke data can be verified with each other to improve the accuracy and reliability of the alarm. For example, if temperature anomalies and smoke are detected at the same time, the energy storage device 10 can trigger the alarm more confidently.

[0063] It should be noted that the second temperature sensor includes at least one of a rod-shaped constant-temperature detector, a temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component, and a thermistor probe. The rod-shaped constant-temperature detector is typically manufactured based on the principles of a thermocouple or thermistor. It continuously monitors the temperature. When the temperature reaches a preset threshold, it triggers an alarm or activates a corresponding safety mechanism. The rod-shaped design enables it to respond quickly to temperature changes. The rod-shaped constant-temperature detector meets explosion-proof requirements, with a protection level of IP67 or higher. It can operate normally within the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20 and is low-cost. The temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component utilizes the magnetic induction effect. When the temperature reaches a certain value, the properties of the magnetic material change, which in turn affects the magnetic field, generating changes in current or voltage, thereby triggering an alarm. The temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component operates without an external power supply, meets explosion-proof requirements, and has a protection level of IP67 or higher. It can operate normally within the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20. Because the temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component has no moving parts, it has a long service life and low maintenance requirements. A thermistor probe is a component whose resistance changes with temperature. By monitoring this change in resistance, temperature fluctuations can be inferred. Thermistors are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations and provide accurate temperature readings. They also meet explosion-proof requirements, achieving IP67 protection levels and above, and can operate normally within the battery compartment 11 containing the heat exchange fluid 20.

[0064] It should be noted that the type of the second temperature sensor can be selected as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0065] In one embodiment, the second smoke sensor includes at least one of an ion smoke sensor, an infrared combustible gas detector, and a semiconductor gas detector. Ion smoke sensors operate based on the principle of an ionization chamber. An ionization chamber is a sealed container containing a radioactive isotope (such as americium-241). It emits alpha particles, ionizing the air within the chamber to form positive and negative ions. Under the influence of an electric field, the positive and negative ions migrate toward electrodes, generating an electric current. When smoke particles enter the ionization chamber, they absorb ions, causing the current to drop, thereby triggering an alarm. Ion smoke sensors are highly sensitive to tiny smoke particles produced by early-stage fires and can respond quickly, providing early warning. Furthermore, ion smoke sensors have a simple structure, are relatively low cost, meet explosion-proof requirements, and can achieve a protection level of IP67 or above. Infrared combustible gas detectors detect gases by utilizing the absorption characteristics of specific gases within the infrared spectrum. Each gas has a unique absorption wavelength. The detector emits infrared light that passes through the gas sample. If a gas absorbs infrared light of a specific wavelength, the light intensity detected by the detector's receiver decreases, thereby determining the presence of the target gas. Infrared combustible gas detectors can specifically detect specific types of combustible gases to avoid false alarms. In addition, infrared combustible gas detectors meet explosion-proof requirements and have a protection level of IP67 or above. Semiconductor gas detectors usually use metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) as sensing elements. When gas molecules are adsorbed on the surface of a semiconductor, the conductivity of the semiconductor changes. The type and concentration of the gas will affect the degree of conductivity and thus be detected. Semiconductor gas detectors can detect a variety of gases, including flammable, toxic and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and have a good response to low-concentration gases. Semiconductor gas detectors also meet explosion-proof requirements and have a protection level of IP67 or above.

[0066] It should be noted that the type of the second smoke sensor can be selected as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0067] Reference Figures 1 to 3 In one embodiment, the fire protection component also includes an audible and visual alarm 6, which is installed in the housing 1. The audible and visual alarm 6, the first detector 3, and the second detector 5 are all electrically connected to the controller 30. In this way, the audible and visual alarm 6 can immediately respond to abnormal conditions detected by the first detector 3 and the second detector 5, such as excessive temperature, smoke, combustible gas leakage, etc., and warn the people on the scene through sound and light to ensure that they can take quick action. When the first detector 3 and / or the second detector 5 triggers an alarm, the controller 30 can activate the audible and visual alarm 6 on the scene. In addition, the audible and visual alarm 6 combines both visual and auditory warning methods to ensure that the alarm information is effectively conveyed even in a noisy environment, thereby improving the reliability of the alarm.

[0068] It should be noted that the controller 30 can be programmed to implement a coordinated response. That is, when the first detector 3 or the second detector 5 detects an anomaly, in addition to triggering the sound and light alarm 6, it can also automatically activate the fire protection system, shut down the power supply, and activate the exhaust system, thereby quickly taking safety measures. The controller 30 can receive multi-level warning signals from the first detector 3 and the second detector 5, make multi-level fire protection decisions, send decision signals to the sound and light alarm 6, and output fire alarm information to the user.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the housing 1 is further provided with an exhaust port connected to the battery compartment 11. The exhaust port is located above the battery module 2. The energy storage device 10 also includes a balancing valve 7, which is mounted on the exhaust port. The balancing valve 7 is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the battery compartment 11. In this way, the balancing valve 7 can adjust the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery compartment 11, preventing damage to the battery module 2 or the housing 1 structure caused by excessive internal pressure. When the pressure in the battery compartment 11 rises abnormally, the balancing valve 7 can automatically open to release excess pressure, avoiding the risk of compartment rupture or explosion. The balancing valve 7 is normally closed when not in operation, preventing external dust, moisture, or harmful gases from entering the battery compartment 11, protecting the battery module 2 from external environmental influences and extending battery life. The exhaust port and balancing valve 7 allow the battery compartment 11 to exchange necessary gases with the external environment, such as discharging vapor generated by evaporation of the heat exchange fluid 20 during thermal management or releasing harmful gases that may be generated in the event of a battery failure, while also preventing excessive decompression. The provision of the balancing valve 7 and the exhaust port helps to optimize the thermal management of the battery compartment 11, ensuring that the heat exchange fluid 20 can circulate effectively, remove the heat generated by the battery during operation, and maintain the battery within the optimal operating temperature range.

[0070] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5In one embodiment, the housing 1 is further provided with an explosion vent connected to the battery compartment 11. The explosion vent is located above the battery module 2. The energy storage device 10 also includes an explosion vent plate 8, which is sealed over the explosion vent. The design of the explosion vent and explosion vent plate 8 allows for timely pressure relief in the event of an abnormal situation within the battery compartment 11, such as thermal runaway, internal short circuit, or other conditions that cause rapid gas accumulation and a sharp rise in pressure, thereby preventing explosion in the battery compartment 11. The explosion vent is typically located above the battery module 2. This allows for the release of gas and any potential flames upward rather than into the surrounding environment during pressure release, minimizing damage to surrounding equipment or personnel. The explosion vent plate 8 acts as a sealing device for the explosion vent, maintaining the battery compartment 11 airtight under normal circumstances and only opening when the pressure reaches a set threshold. This control mechanism prevents unnecessary gas leakage while ensuring a rapid response in emergency situations. In non-extreme situations, the explosion vent plate 8 remains sealed, preventing external contaminants such as moisture and dust from entering the battery compartment 11, protecting the battery components from corrosion or short circuit risks. The explosion vent design reduces the additional pressure on the battery compartment 11 walls, preventing deformation or rupture of the housing 1 due to excessive pressure, and enhancing the structural stability and service life of the entire energy storage device 10. Compared to completely enclosed energy storage devices 10, energy storage devices 10 with explosion venting mechanisms can reduce failures caused by internal pressure issues and reduce the frequency and cost of maintenance and component replacement.

[0071] It should be noted that the balancing valve 7 and the explosion relief plate 8 both comply with the protection level of IP67 and above, and meet the working conditions of immersion thermal management.

[0072] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the exhaust port is provided at the top of the shell 1. In this way, many gases (including steam generated by the evaporation of the heat exchange fluid 20) are lighter than air and will naturally rise. Setting the exhaust port at the top can take advantage of the natural upward trend of the gas, allowing the gas to be discharged more smoothly without the need for additional extraction equipment. In the event of a gas leak or abnormal pressure, the top exhaust port can quickly release the pressure, reduce the risk of explosion or combustion, and protect the safety of equipment and personnel. The exhaust port is located at the top, making it easier for maintenance personnel to access it when inspecting or cleaning, without having to go deep into the equipment, thereby improving the convenience and safety of maintenance. The exhausted gas or steam will not blow directly onto the equipment or the ground below, reducing the risk of corrosion to the equipment below or causing slippery problems on the ground. The exhaust port is usually set at the highest point of the equipment to take advantage of the natural gas flow pattern, reduce energy consumption, and improve the overall efficiency of the system. The design of the top exhaust port facilitates the installation of pressure regulating components such as the balancing valve 7 to ensure the balance of pressure inside and outside the battery compartment 11, while simplifying the structure and wiring of the system.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the explosion vent is located at the top of the housing 1. This allows the vent to release high-pressure gas or steam upward when the internal pressure of the energy storage device 10 rises abnormally, requiring emergency pressure relief. This vent, in particular, prevents downward spray, minimizing the risk of injury to personnel on the ground. This top explosion vent design reduces the impact of pressure relief on structures below or surrounding the device, preventing the splashing of debris or liquid, and reducing the potential for secondary damage. Utilizing the principle of gravity, the top explosion vent allows gas to naturally rise and quickly diffuse, helping to reduce the force and range of the explosion while minimizing the impact on ground or lower-lying equipment. Positioning the top explosion vent away from operators and normal activity areas reduces exposure to potential hazards and enhances the safety of the energy storage device 10 operating environment. The top location of the explosion vent facilitates the installation of the explosion vent plate 8 or other pressure relief devices, as well as facilitates routine inspection and maintenance, ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of the pressure relief mechanism. The top explosion vent reduces direct impact on ground vegetation or building surfaces during pressure relief, minimizing negative environmental impacts.

[0074] It should be noted that if a fire occurs inside the battery compartment, the balancing valve cannot adjust the internal and external air pressure. When the air pressure inside the battery compartment reaches the explosion relief threshold, the explosion relief plate is triggered to relieve pressure and explosion, preventing secondary combustion and explosion damage caused by thermal runaway of the energy storage equipment (the hazards of combustion and explosion are often far greater than the hazards of thermal runaway of the battery module).

[0075] The following is a detailed description of the logic design of the fire protection system of this energy storage device:

[0076] When the first detector detects a single warning signal (smoke or combustible gas) or a warning temperature signal, the fire protection component warning mode is triggered, the warning signal is transmitted to the controller, and abnormal information is fed back. When the detector detects a composite warning signal (smoke and combustible gas) or an alarm temperature signal, the fire protection component alarm mode is triggered, the alarm signal is transmitted to the controller, and abnormal information is fed back. At the same time, the sound and light alarm is turned on, and personnel are evacuated urgently. When the air pressure inside the battery compartment of the energy storage equipment reaches the threshold, the explosion relief panel is triggered for pressure relief and explosion prevention.

[0077] The above is a detailed introduction to the embodiments of the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: include: The housing is formed with a battery compartment, wherein the battery compartment is used to contain a heat exchange fluid; a battery module, mounted in the battery compartment, the battery module being configured to be immersed in the heat exchange fluid; The fire protection component includes a first detector, which is installed in the battery compartment and is used to detect at least one of the temperature, smoke concentration and combustible gas concentration in the battery compartment in real time.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first detector includes at least one of a first temperature sensor, a first smoke sensor, and a combustible gas concentration sensor.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that The first detector includes the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor and the combustible gas concentration sensor, and the first temperature sensor, the first smoke sensor and the combustible gas concentration sensor are integrated into one body.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that The first temperature sensor includes at least one of a rod-shaped constant temperature temperature detector, a temperature-sensitive magnetic power generation component, a thermistor sensor, and a thermistor probe; and / or, The first smoke sensor includes at least one of an ion smoke sensor, an infrared combustible gas detector, a photoelectric sensor, and a semiconductor gas detector; and / or, The combustible gas concentration sensor includes at least one of a catalytic combustion sensor, a semiconductor gas sensor, an infrared sensor, a gas sensor and a photoionization sensor.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first detector is installed on the top wall of the battery compartment.

6. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The distance between the first detector and the top of the battery module is H1, where H1 is ≥ 150 mm.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The housing further forms an electrical compartment, the electrical compartment and the battery compartment are spaced apart, the energy storage device further comprises an electrical unit and a second detector, the electrical unit and the second detector are both installed in the electrical compartment, the second detector is used to detect the temperature or smoke concentration in the electrical compartment in real time; and / or, The housing is further provided with an exhaust port connected to the battery compartment, the exhaust port is located above the battery module, the energy storage device further includes a balancing valve, the balancing valve is installed at the exhaust port, the balancing valve is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the battery compartment; and / or, The shell is further provided with an explosion vent connected to the battery compartment, and the explosion vent is located above the battery module. The energy storage device also includes an explosion vent plate, and the explosion vent plate sealing cover is provided on the explosion vent.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first detector is arranged adjacent to the electrical compartment; and / or, The second detector is mounted on the top wall of the electrical compartment; and / or, The exhaust port is provided at the top of the housing; and / or, The explosion vent is arranged on the top of the shell.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second detector includes at least one of a second temperature sensor and a second smoke sensor; and / or, The fire protection component also includes an audible and visual alarm, which is installed on the shell. The audible and visual alarm, the first detector and the second detector are all used to be electrically connected to the controller.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second detector includes the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor, and the second temperature sensor and the second smoke sensor are integrated into one body.

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