Cutter spindle with locking force increasing mechanism

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool machining, and relates to a tool spindle with a locking force increasing mechanism. The pull rod is slidably arranged in the tool spindle in the mode of synchronously rotating along with the tool spindle. One end of the pull rod is connected with the cutter through a clamping mechanism, and the other end of the pull rod is provided with a locking force-increasing mechanism; the locking force increasing mechanism comprises a thrust oil cylinder, an annular piston of the thrust oil cylinder is arranged on the pull rod in a sleeving mode, and oil inlet channels are formed in the two side faces, in the axial direction of the tool spindle, of the annular piston. The annular piston divides the thrust oil cylinder into a first oil cavity and a second oil cavity, and the first oil inlet channel and the second oil inlet channel are arranged on the two sides of the annular piston and communicate with the first oil cavity and the second oil cavity correspondingly. Extra clamping force is provided for the pull rod through the locking force increasing mechanism, and the problem that a cutter cannot be clamped due to insufficient clamping force caused by plastic deformation after the disc spring is used for a period of time is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool processing and relates to a tool spindle with a locking force-increasing mechanism. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machining, tool locking mechanisms are crucial for ensuring machining accuracy and efficiency. With the continuous advancement of CNC and automation technologies, modern machining places increasingly stringent demands on tool locking mechanisms. These mechanisms not only require high-precision and stable locking capabilities, but also require features such as fast tool changes and ease of maintenance to meet the demands of efficient, automated machining.

[0003] Traditionally, the tool's locking and releasing mechanism relies primarily on the synergy of a hydraulic cylinder and a disc spring assembly. Specifically, during a tool change, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the pull rod, releasing the tool. During this process, the disc spring assembly is compressed to store energy. Once the tool change is complete, the hydraulic cylinder releases pressure, and the pull rod returns to its original position under the restoring force of the disc spring assembly, effectively locking the tool securely.

[0004] However, this traditional structure has significant drawbacks. Due to the inevitable plastic deformation of the disc spring assembly during long-term use and frequent tool changes, its elastic force gradually weakens, resulting in insufficient tension or even failure. This directly affects the tool's locking effect, causing the tool to wobble or deflect during machining, which in turn seriously affects the machine tool's machining accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tool spindle with a locking force-enhancing mechanism to solve the problem that the tool cannot be clamped when the disc spring assembly cannot provide sufficient clamping force due to wear or plastic deformation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a tool spindle with a locking and force-enhancing mechanism, and a pull rod is slidably arranged in the tool spindle in a manner of synchronous rotation with the tool spindle; one end of the pull rod is connected to the tool through a clamping mechanism, and the other end is provided with a locking and force-enhancing mechanism, and a disc spring group is sleeved in the middle; the locking and force-enhancing mechanism includes a thrust cylinder, and the annular piston of the thrust cylinder is sleeved on the pull rod, and the annular piston is provided with oil inlet channels on both sides along the axial direction of the tool spindle, and the position of the annular piston in the tool spindle is adjusted by adjusting the oil pressure on both sides of the annular piston.

[0007] Optionally, the annular piston divides the thrust cylinder into a first oil chamber and a second oil chamber, and the first oil inlet channel and the second oil inlet channel are arranged on both sides of the annular piston and are respectively connected to the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber.

[0008] Optionally, the first oil chamber is located at a first side surface of the annular piston away from the tool, and the first oil inlet channel is L-shaped to push the annular piston to move toward the tool.

[0009] Optionally, the second oil chamber is located at a second side surface of the annular piston close to the tool, and the second oil inlet channel is I-shaped to pull the annular piston to move in a direction away from the tool.

[0010] Optionally, the clamping mechanism includes a pull claw and a pull nail matching the pull claw, the pull claw is arranged at the end of the pull rod, and the pull nail is arranged at the end of the tool.

[0011] Optionally, the interior of the tool spindle is a stepped hole, and the pulling claw is slidingly arranged at a location where the aperture of the stepped hole changes.

[0012] Optionally, the pull claw is constructed such that when the tool is clamped, the pull claw converges to the hole section with a smaller hole diameter due to the pulling force of the pull rod to clamp the pull nail; when the tool is released, the pull claw moves to the hole section with a larger hole diameter due to the pushing force of the pull rod, causing the pull claw to be released, thereby releasing the pull nail.

[0013] Optionally, a locking nut is provided on the pull rod, and an end of the disc spring assembly away from the tool rests on the locking nut.

[0014] Optionally, the thrust cylinder is fixed to the main shaft housing and surrounds the circumference of the pull rod.

[0015] Optionally, the annular piston is connected to the pull rod via a thrust bearing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] First of all, the utility model adds a locking force-enhancing mechanism, especially arranges oil inlet channels on both sides of the thrust piston, so that when the force of the disc spring group is insufficient, the position of the annular piston in the tool spindle can be adjusted by adjusting the oil pressure on both sides of the annular piston, thereby providing additional clamping force for the pull rod, ensuring that the tool rod can be tightly clamped, and solving the problem that the tool cannot be clamped when the disc spring group cannot provide sufficient clamping force due to wear or plastic deformation.

[0018] Secondly, in traditional technologies, the disc spring assembly undergoes plastic deformation due to long-term use and frequent tool changes, resulting in insufficient tension or failure. The present invention effectively compensates for this shortcoming by introducing a locking force-boosting mechanism, improving the stability and reliability of tool locking and ensuring machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0019] In addition, the cutter spindle is reasonable in design, compact in structure, and realizes quick tool changing and easy maintenance. Due to the design of the locking force increasing mechanism, the maintenance workload caused by plastic deformation of the disc spring set is reduced, and the use cost is reduced. By adjusting the oil pressure of the thrust oil cylinder, the clamping force of the cutter can be flexibly adjusted, so that the cutter spindle can adapt to different machining requirements and cutter specifications, and the adaptability and flexibility are enhanced.

[0020] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following specification, in some degree, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the preferred detailed description of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the cutter spindle with a locking force increasing mechanism provided by the present application is shown.

[0023] Reference signs:

[0024] 1-pull pin; 2-pull claw; 3-pull rod; 4-disc spring set; 5-locking nut; 6-thrust bearing; 7-thrust oil cylinder; 7.1-first oil inlet channel; 7.2-second oil inlet channel; 7.3-first oil cavity; 7.4-second oil cavity; 7.5-annular piston; 8-cutter spindle; 8.1-spindle housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present application will be described below by specific specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the disclosure of the present specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied by different specific embodiments, and each detail in the specification can be modified or changed based on different views and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following examples only illustrate the basic concept of the present application in a schematic manner, and the following examples and features in the examples can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0026] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In order to solve the problem that the tool cannot be clamped when the disc spring assembly 4 cannot provide sufficient clamping force due to wear or plastic deformation, the present invention provides a tool spindle 8 with a locking force-enhancing mechanism.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a pull rod 3 is provided in the tool spindle 8. The pull rod 3 rotates synchronously with the tool spindle 8 and is provided in the tool spindle 8 for axial sliding along the tool spindle 8. One end of the pull rod 3 is connected to the tool through a clamping mechanism, and the other end is provided with a locking force-enhancing mechanism to ensure the stability of the tool during the processing. A disc spring group 4 is provided in the middle part of the pull rod 3 to provide clamping force for the tool. Furthermore, the locking force-enhancing mechanism includes a thrust cylinder 7, and the annular piston 7.5 of the thrust cylinder 7 is sleeved on the pull rod 3. The clamping mechanism includes a pull claw 2 and a pull pin 1 that cooperates with the pull claw 2. The pull claw 2 is provided at the end of the pull rod 3, and the pull pin 1 is provided at the end of the tool. The interior of the tool spindle 8 is a stepped hole, and the pull claw 2 is slidably provided at the place where the aperture of the stepped hole changes. During tool changes, the annular piston 7.5 pushes the draw rod 3 toward the tool. During this process, the disc spring assembly 4 is compressed, pushing the pull claw 2 from the smaller hole section to the larger hole section, releasing the claw 2 and thus releasing the pull stud 1, allowing for quick tool changes. After the tool change is complete, the restoring force provided by the disc spring assembly 4 pulls the draw rod 3 back to its original position, pulling the claw 2 back into the smaller hole section. This causes the claw 2 to converge in the smaller hole section, thereby clamping the pull stud 1 and ensuring tool stability.

[0030] However, due to the multiple tool change, the disc spring set 4 may be plastically deformed, thereby affecting the reset force of the disc spring set 4, so that it cannot firmly clamp the tool, therefore, the utility model additionally sets up locking force increasing mechanism. Specifically, the push oil cylinder 7 is fixedly arranged on the main shaft shell 8.1 and surrounds the pull rod 3, and it does not directly contact with the pull rod 3, but pushes or pulls the pull rod 3 through the annular piston 7.5. The annular piston 7.5 is provided with oil inlet channels on both sides in the axial direction of the tool spindle 8, so as to adjust the position of the annular piston 7.5 in the tool spindle 8 by adjusting the oil pressure on both sides of the annular piston 7.5.

[0031] The annular piston 7.5 divides the push oil cylinder 7 into a first oil cavity 7.3 and a second oil cavity 7.4, and the first oil inlet channel 7.1 and the second oil inlet channel 7.2 are arranged on both sides of the annular piston 7.5 and are communicated with the first oil cavity 7.3 and the second oil cavity 7.4 respectively. The first oil cavity 7.3 is located at the first side of the annular piston 7.5 away from the tool, and the first oil inlet channel 7.1 is L-shaped to push the annular piston 7.5 to move towards the tool. The second oil cavity 7.4 is located at the second side of the annular piston 7.5 close to the tool, and the second oil inlet channel 7.2 is I-shaped to pull the annular piston 7.5 to move away from the tool. When the disc spring set 4 cannot provide sufficient holding force, the second oil inlet channel 7.2 injects oil into the second oil cavity 7.4, so that the annular piston 7.5 pushes the pull rod 3 to move away from the tool, keeps the pull claw 2 converging, and ensures that the pull claw 2 clamps the tool.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the pull rod 3 is provided with a locking nut 5, and the end of the disc spring set 4 away from the tool abuts against the locking nut 5, and the initial compression state of the disc spring set 4 is set by adjusting the position of the locking nut 5 on the pull rod 3. The annular piston 7.5 is connected with the pull rod 3 through the thrust bearing 6 to improve the transmission accuracy between the annular piston 7.5 and the pull rod 3, and ensure the stability and accuracy of the annular piston 7.5 and the pull rod 3 when moving in the axial direction, which helps to reduce the shaking or deviation of the tool during clamping and loosening.

[0033] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model and not to limit, although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the utility model can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A tool spindle with a locking force-enhancing mechanism, characterized in that: The pull rod (3) is slidably arranged in the tool spindle (8) in a manner of synchronously rotating with the tool spindle (8); one end of the pull rod (3) is connected to the tool through a clamping mechanism, the other end is provided with a locking force-enhancing mechanism, and the middle part is sleeved with a disc spring group (4); wherein, The locking force-increasing mechanism includes a thrust cylinder (7), an annular piston (7.5) of the thrust cylinder (7) is sleeved on the pull rod (3), and the annular piston (7.5) is provided with oil inlet channels on both axial sides of the tool spindle (8). The position of the annular piston (7.5) in the tool spindle (8) is adjusted by adjusting the oil pressure on both sides of the annular piston (7.5).

2. The tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular piston (7.5) divides the thrust oil cylinder (7) into a first oil chamber (7.3) and a second oil chamber (7.4); a first oil inlet channel (7.1) and a second oil inlet channel (7.2) are arranged on both sides of the annular piston (7.5) and are respectively connected to the first oil chamber (7.3) and the second oil chamber (7.4).

3. The tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first oil chamber (7.3) is located at a first side of the annular piston (7.5) away from the tool, and the first oil inlet channel (7.1) is L-shaped to push the annular piston (7.5) to move in a direction close to the tool.

4. The tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second oil chamber (7.4) is located at the second side of the annular piston (7.5) close to the tool, and the second oil inlet channel (7.2) is I-shaped to pull the annular piston (7.5) to move in a direction away from the tool.

5. The tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a pulling claw (2) and a pulling nail (1) matched with the pulling claw (2); the pulling claw (2) is arranged at the end of the pulling rod (3); and the pulling nail (1) is arranged at the end of the tool.

6. The tool spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The interior of the tool spindle (8) is a stepped hole, and the pulling claw (2) is slidably arranged at the position where the aperture of the stepped hole changes.

7. The tool spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pull claw (2) is constructed such that when the tool is clamped, the pull claw (2) is retracted into the hole section with a smaller aperture due to the pulling force of the pull rod (3) to clamp the pull rivet (1); when the tool is released, the pull claw (2) is moved into the hole section with a larger aperture due to the pushing force of the pull rod (3), causing the pull claw (2) to be released, thereby releasing the pull rivet (1).

8. The tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking nut (5) is provided on the pull rod (3), and an end of the disc spring assembly (4) away from the tool abuts against the locking nut (5).

9. The tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thrust oil cylinder (7) is fixed to the main shaft housing (8.1) and surrounds the circumference of the pull rod (3).

10. The tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular piston (7.5) is connected to the pull rod (3) via a thrust bearing (6).

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