Machine tool precision test piece

Abstract

A machine tool precision test piece comprises a test piece body, positioning columns, a first machining area, a second machining area and a third machining area, the positioning columns, the first machining area, the second machining area and the third machining area are formed by machining the test piece body, the test piece body is a square table and is a plate type basic part used for supporting the positioning columns, and the four sets of positioning columns are arranged and distributed at the corners of the same side of the test piece body respectively; the first processing area comprises a first plane area and a sphere; the second processing area comprises a second plane area, a concave curved surface area and a polyhedral rhombus body; the third machining area comprises a third plane area and a curved surface area. By machining different structures of different machining areas, a plurality of inclined planes of a plane, a sphere, a concave curved surface, a curved surface and a multi-surface diamond structure are formed on the same test piece, so that whether various precision errors and surface effects are qualified or not can be judged through one-time machining test, the machining dynamic precision detection process of a machine tool is saved, and the machining efficiency is improved. A large amount of machine tool precision inspection time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a machine tool precision test piece. BACKGROUND

[0002] Five-axis machine tools are multi-axis high-precision numerical control equipment, which are currently widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, wind power, and nuclear power. Due to the complex structure of the machine tool and the high mechanical precision requirement, the dynamic precision detection and adjustment of the five-axis machine tool has always been a hot topic in the industry and has become one of the important factors directly affecting product quality and production efficiency. The dynamic precision of the five-axis machine tool directly affects the product quality and production efficiency of the aerospace parts. Through the development of a rapid detection scheme for the dynamic precision of the five-axis machine tool, the rapid detection and verification of the machine tool precision can be achieved in the simplest way and at the lowest cost, so as to achieve the purpose of high-quality and efficient production.

[0003] Conventional five-axis precision detection is divided into mechanical static detection and dynamic detection. Dynamic detection is the comprehensive precision performance of each main motion mechanism of the machine tool during operation. Through dynamic detection, the mechanical precision state of each motion part of the five-axis machine tool after converting static precision into dynamic motion can be directly verified. This state is closest to the comprehensive mechanical performance of the five-axis machine tool reflected in actual production and is also an important factor affecting product quality and efficiency. In the process of years of research and practice on numerical control machine tool precision detection technology at home and abroad, a method of detecting machine tool precision based on test piece cutting has been formed. Test piece detection is an indirect detection, that is, a test piece with specific geometric characteristics is first machined by the machine tool, and then the error of the test piece is measured to indirectly reflect the precision of the machine tool.

[0004] The existing commonly used test piece is the American NAS979 test piece for three-axis numerical control machine tool precision detection. Based on the three-axis machine tool test piece, a conical table test piece for five-axis machine tool precision detection has also been proposed. However, the existing test piece has single profile characteristics, uniform geometric parameter distribution, and few detection items, which cannot quickly obtain the machining capability of the five-axis numerical control machine tool. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present application provides a machine tool precision test piece, which can judge whether multiple precision errors and surface effects are qualified through one-time machining test, so as to save the machining dynamic precision detection process of the machine tool.

[0006] According to the present application, a machine tool precision test piece is provided in one embodiment, comprising:

[0007] a test piece body and positioning columns, a first machining area, a second machining area, and a third machining area formed by machining the test piece body,

[0008] The positioning column is arranged on the side of the test body, the first processing area includes a first plane area and a spherical body; the second processing area includes a second plane area, a concave curved surface area and a multi-faceted rhombic body; and the third processing area includes a third plane area and a curved surface area.

[0009] In another embodiment, the test body is arranged as a square platform, the test body is a plate base for supporting the positioning column, and the positioning column is arranged in four groups and distributed at the corners of the same side of the test body.

[0010] In another embodiment, the positioning column includes a base and a triangular prism arranged on the base, the side surface of the triangular prism includes two vertical surfaces and an inclined surface, and the right-angle corners of the triangular prism are processed into conical surfaces by a four-blade end mill with R corners, so as to detect the position degree by measuring the distance deviation of the four conical surfaces.

[0011] In another embodiment, the curved surface area is arranged in a wavy curve and is formed by reciprocating processing by a ball head mill, and the third plane area is formed by processing the curved surface area, so as to detect the stability of the Z-axis and the spindle by observing whether there is a wire drawing on the plane feature, and to detect whether the machine has a concave-convex surface and surface roughness by whether the brightness of the curved surface area is consistent.

[0012] In another embodiment, the curved surface area is formed by processing the test body by a ball head mill in a 45-degree reciprocating manner.

[0013] In another embodiment, the first plane area, the second plane area and the third plane area are all formed by processing the test body by a four-blade end mill, so as to detect whether the machine bed flatness is qualified by measuring the run-out on the plane, and to detect whether the machine bed has a slight vibration by observing whether the plane knife mark is uniform.

[0014] In another embodiment, the concave curved surface area is formed by reciprocating processing of the test body by a ball head mill, and the inner surface of the groove is arranged in a circular arc curve, so as to detect the 3D accuracy of the machine by measuring the deviation of the point three-dimensional coordinates of the curved surface.

[0015] In another embodiment, the concave curved surface area includes a bottom platform and a groove body arranged on the bottom platform, and the outer side of the groove body slot is arranged as an inclined surface.

[0016] In another embodiment, the outer surface of the multi-faceted rhombic body includes a plurality of planes, and the plurality of planes are formed by processing by a four-blade end mill with R corners in a depth contour milling manner, so as to detect whether the machine has an axis movement acceleration and deceleration lag by measuring the sharpness of the included angle between the planes.

[0017] In another embodiment, the ball is formed by a ball head milling cutter, the top of the ball is formed by 45 degree reciprocating cutting, and the body of the ball is formed by isometric cutting to detect the reverse gap and jump of the machine tool shaft by measuring the three-axis quadrant runout of the ball.

[0018] According to the machine tool precision test piece of the above embodiment, the positioning column, the first machining area, the second machining area and the third machining area are machined on the same test piece body to form the positioning column, the plane, the ball, the concave curved surface, the curved surface and the multi-faceted rhombic structure on the same test piece, so that whether various precision errors and surface effects are qualified can be judged by one-time machining test, the machining dynamic precision detection process of the machine tool is saved, a large amount of machine tool precision test time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the overall structure of the machine tool precision test piece in an embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a front view of the machine tool precision test piece in an embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view of the machine tool precision test piece in an embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a side view of the machine tool precision test piece in an embodiment.

[0023] Reference signs: 1, test piece body; 2, positioning column; 21, base; 22, triangular prism; 3, first machining area; 31, first plane area; 32, ball; 4, second machining area; 41, second plane area; 42, concave curved surface area; 421, bottom platform; 422, groove body; 43, multi-faceted rhombic body; 5, third machining area; 51, third plane area; 52, curved surface area; 53, inclined surface area; 54, round hole; 55, pin shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The application will be described in further detail below with specific reference being made to the drawings in which the same or similar elements of different drawings have the same or similar reference numerals. In the following description, numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the application can be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process operations have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the application.

[0025] In addition, the features, operations or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments, and the operation steps involved in each embodiment can be sequentially adjusted or changed in a manner that can be easily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the specification and drawings are only for the purpose of clearly describing one embodiment, and do not mean that the components and / or order are necessary.

[0026] The serial numbers of components in this paper, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects, and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" and "coupling" in this application include direct and indirect connection (coupling) unless otherwise specified.

[0027] The dynamic accuracy of five-axis machine tools directly affects the product quality and production efficiency of aviation parts. By developing a rapid detection scheme for five-axis dynamic accuracy, the rapid detection and verification of machine tool accuracy can be achieved with the simplest method and lowest cost, so as to achieve the purpose of high-quality and efficient production. In the process of years of research and practice on precision detection technology of numerical control machine tools at home and abroad, a method of detecting machine tool accuracy based on test piece cutting has been formed. Test piece detection is an indirect detection, that is, a test piece with specific geometric characteristics is first machined by a machine tool, and then the error of the test piece is measured to indirectly reflect the accuracy of the machine tool. However, the existing test piece has single surface characteristics, uniform geometric parameter distribution, and few detection items, which cannot quickly obtain the machining capability of five-axis numerical control machine tools.

[0028] The application discloses a machine tool accuracy test piece, which can judge whether various accuracy errors and surface effects are qualified through one-time machining test, so as to save the machining dynamic accuracy detection process of the machine tool.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1A machine tool precision inspection test piece, comprising a test piece body 1 and a positioning column 2, a first machining area 3, a second machining area 4 and a third machining area 5 formed by machining the test piece body 1, the test piece body 1 is provided as a square table, the test piece body 1 is a plate type base piece for supporting the positioning column 2, the test piece body 1 is horizontally placed during machining, the positioning column 2 is arranged on the side of the test piece body 1, and the positioning column 2 is provided with four groups of corners distributed on the same side of the test piece body 1; the first machining area 3 comprises a first plane area 31 and a sphere 32; the second machining area 4 comprises a second plane area 41, a concave curved surface area 42 and a multi-faceted rhombic body 43; and the third machining area 5 comprises a third plane area 51 and a curved surface area 52.

[0030] The machine tool precision inspection test piece in the embodiment detects the position degree through the distance deviation between the positioning columns 2, and realizes the formation of the plane, the sphere 32, the concave curved surface, the curved surface and the multi-faceted rhombic structure on the same test piece by machining different structures of different machining areas, so that whether a plurality of precision errors and surface effects are qualified can be judged through one-time machining test, the machining dynamic precision detection process of the machine tool is saved, a large amount of machine tool precision inspection time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

[0031] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 The positioning column 2 comprises a base 21 and a triangular prism 22 arranged on the base 21, the side surface of the triangular prism 22 comprises two vertical surfaces and an inclined surface, the right-angle corners of the triangular prism 22 are arranged towards the center of the test piece body 1, the right-angle corners of the triangular prism 22 are machined to form a conical surface by a four-blade end mill with an R corner, and the position degree is detected by using a three-coordinate to measure the distance deviation of the four conical surfaces.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 The curved surface area 52 is arranged in a wavy curve, and is machined to form the test piece body 1 by a ball head milling cutter in a 45-degree reciprocating manner, the third plane area 51 is machined to form based on the curved surface area 52, a bevel area 53 is arranged between the third plane area 51 and the curved surface area 52 to transition, the stability of the Z-axis and the spindle is detected by observing whether there is a wire drawing of the plane feature, whether there is a concave-convex surface and the surface roughness of the machine table is detected by observing whether the brightness of the curved surface area 52 is consistent.

[0033] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1, the first plane area 31, the second plane area 41 and the third plane area 51 are all formed by using a four-blade vertical milling cutter to process the test body 1, for checking the plane machining precision of the numerical control machine tool, to check whether the plane degree of the machine tool is qualified by measuring the run-out on the plane, to check whether the machine tool has slight vibration by observing whether the plane cutter marks are uniform. In the embodiment of the present application, based on the test body 1, the third plane area 51 is higher than the second plane area 41, and the second plane area 41 is higher than the first plane area 31, so that the first plane area 31, the second plane area 41 and the third plane area 51 form a stepped shape, and the boundary between the second plane area 41 and the first plane area 31 is provided as an "S" type side wall.

[0034] Further, please refer to Figure 1 , the third plane area 51 is provided with a round hole 54, and the round hole 54 is provided as a blind hole, and the curved surface area 52 is provided with a protruding pin shaft 55, by processing the round hole 54 and the pin shaft 55, the perpendicularity precision and the rotation precision of the five-axis machine tool can be verified. The pin shaft 55 and the curved surface area 52 surface are smoothly transitioned, since the pin shaft 55 is arranged on the wave-shaped curved surface area 52, the axis of the transition circle of the pin shaft 55 and the curved surface area 52 is perpendicular to the surface of the curved surface area 52, and is arranged at a non-zero angle with the axis of the pin shaft 55, by processing the pin shaft 55 and the transition circle, the ability of the multi-axis linkage of the numerical control machine tool can be checked.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 , the concave curved surface area 42 forms a groove by reciprocating processing the test body 1 by using a ball head milling cutter, and the inner surface of the groove is provided as a circular arc curved surface, specifically, the inner surface of the cross section of the groove along the width direction is provided as a circular arc curved surface, and the inner surface of the cross section of the groove along the length direction is provided as a circular arc curved surface, so as to detect the 3D precision of the machine table by measuring the deviation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the curved surface.

[0036] Further, the concave curved surface area 42 includes a bottom platform 421 and a groove body 422 arranged on the bottom platform 421, the bottom platform 421 is arranged as a boss higher than the second plane area 41, and the groove body 422 is arranged as an inclined surface outside the groove opening, specifically, both sides of the groove body 422 along the length direction and both ends of the groove body 422 are arranged as inclined surfaces, which can be used to check the inclined surface machining precision and angle control precision of the numerical control machine tool.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , the outer surface of the multi-faceted rhombic body 43 includes a plurality of planes, the plurality of planes are arranged at different angles and shapes to form the multi-faceted rhombic body 43, the plurality of planes are formed by using a four-blade vertical milling cutter with an R angle through deep profile milling, so as to measure whether the machine table has axis movement acceleration and deceleration lag by measuring the sharpness of the included angle between each plane, the plurality of planes include a vertical plane perpendicular to the second plane and an inclined plane inclined compared to the second plane, which can also check the inclined surface machining precision and angle control precision of the numerical control machine tool.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 , the sphere 32 is formed by a ball end mill, the top of the sphere 32 is formed by reciprocating cutting the test body 1 at 45 degrees, and the body of the sphere 32 is formed by cutting the test body 1 using an isometric machining method, specifically, three-axis quadrant jump refers to, during the machining process of a numerical control machine tool, when the machining path switches from one quadrant to another, the feed shaft starts to move in reverse, due to the influence of non-linear friction and other factors, the servo motor and mechanical movement lag, resulting in tool marks when machining the circular arc quadrant, thereby affecting the quality of the curved surface machining, and by measuring the three-axis quadrant jump of the sphere 32, the reverse clearance and jump of the machine shaft can be detected, thereby understanding the stability of the machine tool machining and corresponding adjustment.

[0039] The machine tool precision inspection test piece disclosed in the application is suitable for precision measurement of a numerical control machining center, saves the machining dynamic precision detection process of the machine tool, is convenient and fast, the numerical control machining center can judge whether various precision errors and surface effects are qualified through one-time machining test, a large amount of machine tool precision inspection time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

[0040] The above application of specific examples to the utility model is described, which is only used to help understand the utility model, and does not limit the utility model. For the skilled person in the technical field to which the utility model belongs, according to the idea of the utility model, a number of simple deductions, deformations or substitutions can be made.

Claims

1. A machine tool precision test piece, characterized in that: include: A specimen body (1), and a positioning column (2), a first processing area (3), a second processing area (4), and a third processing area (5) formed by processing the specimen body (1). The positioning column (2) is arranged on the circumference of the specimen body (1); the first processing area (3) includes a first plane area (31) and a sphere (32); the second processing area (4) includes a second plane area (41), a concave curved area (42) and a polyhedron (43); and the third processing area (5) includes a third plane area (51) and a curved area (52).

2. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specimen body (1) is configured as a square table. The specimen body (1) is a plate-type base member for supporting the positioning columns (2). Four groups of positioning columns (2) are provided and are respectively distributed at the corners on the same side of the specimen body (1).

3. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning column (2) comprises a base (21) and a triangular prism (22) arranged on the base (21); the circumferential side surface of the triangular prism (22) comprises two vertical surfaces and an inclined surface; and the right-angled corner of the triangular prism (22) is machined by a four-edge end mill with an R angle to form a conical surface, so that the position accuracy is detected by measuring the distance deviation of the four conical surfaces.

4. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, wherein: The surface of the curved area (52) is arranged in a wave curve and is formed by reciprocating processing of a ball-end milling cutter. The third plane area (51) is formed by processing the curved area (52) to detect the stability of the Z axis and the main axis by observing whether there is drawing on the plane feature, and to detect whether there are positive and negative surfaces and surface roughness of the machine by observing whether the brightness of the curved area (52) is consistent.

5. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 4, characterized in that: The curved surface area (52) is formed by machining the specimen body (1) with a ball-end milling cutter in a 45-degree reciprocating manner.

6. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first plane area (31), the second plane area (41) and the third plane area (51) are all formed by machining the specimen body (1) using a four-edge end mill, so as to detect whether the flatness of the machine tool is qualified by measuring the runout on the plane, and to detect whether there is slight vibration of the machine tool by observing whether the knife marks on the plane are uniform.

7. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, wherein: The concave curved surface area (42) is formed into a groove by reciprocatingly machining the specimen body (1) with a ball-end milling cutter, and the inner surface of the groove is arranged as an arc curved surface, so as to detect the 3D accuracy of the machine by measuring the deviation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the curved surface.

8. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 7, characterized in that: The concave curved surface area (42) comprises a bottom platform (421) and a groove body (422) arranged on the bottom platform (421), and the outer side of the groove opening of the groove body (422) is arranged as an inclined surface.

9. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, wherein: The outer surface of the multifaceted rhombus (43) includes a plurality of planes, which are formed by deep profile milling using a four-edge end mill with an R angle, so as to measure whether there is an axis movement acceleration and deceleration lag in the machine by measuring the sharpness of the angles between the planes.

10. The machine tool precision inspection specimen according to claim 1, wherein: The sphere (32) is formed by a ball-end milling cutter, the top of the sphere (32) is formed by 45-degree reciprocating cutting, and the body of the sphere (32) is cut by a contour processing method, so as to detect the reverse clearance and jump of the machine axis by measuring the three-axis quadrant runout of the sphere (32).

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