Directional exhaust structure and battery module

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a directional exhaust structure and a battery module, the directional exhaust structure comprises an exhaust body arranged on a shell, the exhaust body is connected to the outer wall of the shell and arranged around an exhaust hole in the shell, and the exhaust body is provided with an exhaust cavity; the exhaust cavity is provided with an exhaust opening and communicates with the exhaust hole, and the exhaust cavity can guide gas exhausted from the exhaust hole to the surface of the outer wall of the shell. The directional exhaust structure can change the exhaust direction of high-temperature gas when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, so that negative effects on the box cover of the battery box, the shell of the battery module, the adjacent battery box and the adjacent battery module are avoided, and the risk of thermal runaway spreading is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to battery technology field especially relates to a directional exhaust structure and battery module. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of electric vehicles, battery safety is more and more concerned by consumers, and major automobile manufacturers pay more and more attention to battery thermal runaway protection. Among the three forms of battery cells, cylindrical and square shell battery cells have metal shells and pressure relief valves on the shells, so the direction of the pressure relief and exhaust of the battery cells is controllable when the battery cells are in thermal runaway. Soft package battery cells are packaged in aluminum plastic film and are not resistant to high temperature, so the direction of the pressure relief and exhaust of the battery cells is uncontrollable. The thermal runaway exhaust of the soft package battery cells mainly depends on the shell structure of the battery module or the battery box. The exhaust holes of the battery module or the battery box are usually top plate exhaust holes or side plate exhaust holes, and the structure is that a through hole is formed in the top plate or the side plate. The disadvantage of this structure is that the exhaust holes in the top plate are directly opposite the cover of the battery box and the bottom plate of the vehicle body. Once the battery cells are in thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas emitted by the battery cells may burn through the cover of the battery box and the bottom plate of the vehicle body, thereby threatening the safety of the passengers. The disadvantage of the side plate exhaust hole is that the emission direction is directly opposite the adjacent battery module or battery box, and the adjacent side plate also has an exhaust hole, which may cause the battery cells of the adjacent module to trigger thermal runaway under the impact of the high-temperature gas, thereby increasing the risk of thermal runaway spreading. SUMMARY

[0003] The first object of the utility model is to provide a directional exhaust structure that can change the exhaust direction of high-temperature gas when the battery cells are in thermal runaway, avoid negative effects on the cover of the battery box, the shell of the battery module, the adjacent battery box, and the adjacent battery module, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0004] The second object of the utility model is to provide a battery module that can change the exhaust direction of high-temperature gas when the battery cells are in thermal runaway, avoid negative effects on the cover of the battery box, the shell of the battery module, the adjacent battery module, and the adjacent battery box, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0005] To achieve this object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model discloses a directional exhaust structure, the directional exhaust structure includes the exhaust body that is established on the shell, the exhaust body is connected in the outer wall of the shell and surrounds the exhaust hole on the shell and sets up, the exhaust body has the exhaust chamber, the exhaust chamber has the exhaust opening and the exhaust chamber communicates with the exhaust hole, the exhaust chamber can guide the gas discharged from the exhaust hole to the outer wall surface of the shell.

[0007] In some embodiments, the exhaust body comprises a connecting portion and a guiding portion, one end of the connecting portion is connected to the outer wall of the shell, the guiding portion is connected to the other end of the connecting portion and is arranged in parallel with the outer wall of the shell, and the projection of the connecting portion on the outer wall of the shell covers the exhaust hole.

[0008] In some embodiments, the exhaust body comprises a connecting portion connected to the shell, and the distance between the connecting portion and the outer wall of the shell towards the side wall of the shell is L, L satisfies the relationship: 1mm≤L≤5mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the exhaust body comprises a connecting portion integrally formed with the shell.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, the exhaust body comprises a connecting portion and a guiding portion integrally formed, and the connecting portion and the connecting portion and the guiding portion are both formed with rounded corners.

[0011] The utility model discloses still a kind of battery module, including shell, electric core and the directional exhaust structure described in the foregoing, the outer wall of the shell is equipped with exhaust hole, the directional exhaust structure is connected to the shell, and it is set corresponding the exhaust hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, the shell has two first side walls and two second side walls, the two first side walls are spaced apart along a first direction, the two second side walls are spaced apart along a second direction, and the first side wall and / or the second side wall are each provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and the plurality of exhaust holes are spaced apart along a third direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the shell has two first side walls spaced apart along a first direction, and the first side wall is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, each exhaust hole is provided with a directional exhaust structure, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are uniformly oriented towards one side of a second direction or a third direction.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, the plurality of exhaust holes on the first side wall are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns along the third direction and the second direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the shell has two second side walls spaced apart along a second direction, and the second side wall is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, each exhaust hole is provided with a directional exhaust structure, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are uniformly oriented towards one side of a third direction or one side of a second direction downward.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: in the actual working process, if the battery cell inside the shell appears thermal runaway phenomenon, the gas generated by thermal runaway is discharged from the exhaust hole into the exhaust cavity, the exhaust cavity can guide the gas discharged from the exhaust hole to the outer wall surface of the shell, the gas generated by thermal runaway finally flows along the outer wall surface of the shell, so that the gas generated by thermal runaway neither impacts the battery box nor the box cover of the battery module, and neither impacts the battery module adjacent to the battery module of thermal runaway nor the battery box, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0017] The additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be partially given in the following description, some will become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the directional exhaust structure of the utility model embodiment one;

[0019] Figure 2 is the airflow flow direction schematic diagram of the directional exhaust structure of the utility model embodiment one;

[0020] Figure 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the battery module of the utility model embodiment two.

[0021] REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0022] 100, exhaust body;110, connecting part;120, guide part;130, exhaust cavity;

[0023] 200, shell;210, first side wall;220, second side wall;230, exhaust hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The utility model will be further described in detail in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the utility model, and not limited to the utility model. In addition, it should be noted that, in order to facilitate the description, only the part related to the utility model is shown in the drawings, not all structures.

[0025] In the description of the utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", "fixed" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrated;It can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection;It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.

[0026] The above terms can be understood in the specific meaning in the present application by those skilled in the art. In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature "on", "above" and "over" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "under", "below" and "under" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0027] In the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "horizontal", "vertical", and other orientation or position relationships are based on the orientation or position relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0028] Embodiment one:

[0029] The utility model discloses a directional exhaust structure, refer to Figure 1 And Figure 2 As shown, the directional exhaust structure includes an exhaust body 100 arranged on the shell 200, the exhaust body 100 is connected to the outer wall of the shell 200 and is arranged around the exhaust hole 230 on the shell 200, the exhaust body 100 has an exhaust cavity 130, the exhaust cavity 130 has an exhaust opening, and the exhaust cavity 130 is communicated with the exhaust hole 230, and the exhaust cavity 130 can guide the gas discharged from the exhaust hole 230 to the outer wall surface of the shell 200. Wherein, the shell 200 can be the shell structure of the battery module, the battery module includes the shell structure and the battery cell (which can be a soft package battery cell or other battery cell) arranged inside the shell structure, of course, the shell 200 can also be the box body of the battery box, and the battery box includes the box body and the plurality of battery modules arranged in the box body.

[0030] It can be understood that in actual work process, if the battery cell inside the shell 200 appears thermal runaway phenomenon, the gas generated by thermal runaway is discharged from the exhaust hole 230 into the exhaust cavity 130, because the exhaust cavity 130 can guide the gas discharged from the exhaust hole 230 to the outer wall surface of the shell 200, the gas generated by thermal runaway finally flows along the outer wall surface of the shell 200, so that the gas generated by thermal runaway neither impacts the cover of the battery box nor the shell 200 of the battery module, and neither impacts the adjacent battery module or the adjacent battery box of the battery module with thermal runaway, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the exhaust body 100 includes an integrally formed connecting portion 110 and a guiding portion 120, one end of the connecting portion 110 is connected with the outer wall of the shell 200, the guiding portion 120 is connected to the other end of the connecting portion 110 and is arranged parallel to the outer wall of the shell 200, and the projection of the connecting portion 110 on the outer wall of the shell 200 covers the exhaust hole 230. It can be understood that because the guiding portion 120 is arranged parallel to the outer wall of the shell 200, the inner wall of the guiding portion 120 can ensure that the high-temperature gas is guided to the outer wall surface of the shell 200 during the high-temperature gas discharge process, thereby facilitating the reduction of the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0032] Optionally, the exhaust body 100 includes a connecting portion 110, and the connecting portion 110 and the shell 200 are an integrally formed structure. It can be understood that in actual manufacturing process, the protruding structure can be directly formed on the outer wall of the shell 200 by stamping, and the protruding structure defines the exhaust cavity 130. Thus, it is not necessary to set a separate directional exhaust structure and install it on the shell 200, which is beneficial to simplify the assembly process of the battery module and improve the manufacturing cost of the battery module.

[0033] Optionally, the exhaust body 100 includes a connecting portion 110 and a guiding portion 120, and the connecting portion 110 and the guiding portion 120 are integrally formed. It can be understood that in actual manufacturing process, the connecting portion 110 and the guiding portion 120 can be directly formed on the outer wall of the shell 200 by stamping, and the connecting portion 110 and the guiding portion 120 define the exhaust cavity 130. Thus, it is not necessary to set a separate directional exhaust structure and install it on the shell 200, which is beneficial to simplify the assembly process of the battery module and improve the manufacturing cost of the battery module.

[0034] Optionally, the exhaust body 100 comprises a connecting portion 110 connected with the shell 200, and the distance between the connecting portion 110 and the outer wall of the shell 200 is L, which satisfies the relationship: 1mm≤L≤5mm. Specifically, the distance L between the connecting portion 110 and the outer wall of the shell 200 can be selected as 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3mm, 3.1mm, 3.2mm, 3.3mm, 3.4mm, 3.5mm, 3.6mm, 3.7mm, 3.8mm, 3.9mm, 4mm, 4.1mm, 4.2mm, 4.3mm, 4.4mm, 4.5mm, 4.6mm, 4.7mm, 4.8mm, 4.9mm, 5mm according to actual needs. Of course, other values in the range of 1mm-5mm can also be selected, and are not limited to the above examples. It can be understood that if the distance between the connecting portion 110 and the outer wall of the shell 200 is too large, the high-temperature gas will diffuse to other directions, thereby increasing the risk of thermal runaway spreading. If the distance is too small, it is not conducive to the rapid discharge of high-temperature gas. In this embodiment, the distance between the connecting portion 110 and the outer wall of the shell 200 is controlled to be between 1mm and 5mm, which can control the diffusion of high-temperature gas and ensure that the high-temperature gas can be discharged rapidly.

[0035] Embodiment two:

[0036] The utility model discloses a battery module, refer to Figure 3 It can be understood that, since the battery module of the embodiment has the directional exhaust structure described above, if the battery cell inside the shell 200 experiences thermal runaway during actual operation, the gas generated by thermal runaway is discharged from the exhaust hole 230 and enters the exhaust chamber 130. Since the exhaust chamber 130 can guide the gas discharged from the exhaust hole 230 to the outer wall surface of the shell 200, the gas generated by thermal runaway eventually flows along the outer wall surface of the shell 200, so that the gas generated by thermal runaway will not impact the lid of the battery box and the shell 200 of the battery module, nor will it impact the adjacent battery module or the adjacent battery box of the battery module experiencing thermal runaway, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0037] Reference Figure 3As shown, the housing 200 has two first side walls 210 and two second side walls 220. The two first side walls 210 are arranged along a first direction ( Figure 3 The two second side walls 220 are spaced apart along the second direction ( Figure 3 The first side wall 210 and / or the second side wall 220 are provided with a plurality of exhaust holes 230, and the plurality of exhaust holes 230 are arranged along the third direction ( Figure 3 The vent holes 230 are spaced apart in the X-direction (shown), and are arranged perpendicularly in pairs in the first, second, and third directions. It will be appreciated that in the embodiments of the present invention, the distribution of the vent holes 230 can be selected based on actual needs. In some embodiments, both first sidewalls 210 are provided with vent holes 230; in some embodiments, both second sidewalls 220 are provided with vent holes 230; in some embodiments, one first sidewall 210 and one second sidewall 220 are provided with vent holes 230; in some embodiments, two first sidewalls 210 and one second sidewall 220 are provided with vent holes 230; and in some embodiments, one first sidewall 210 and two second sidewalls 220 are provided with vent holes 230. The specific distribution can be selected based on actual needs.

[0038] refer to Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of exhaust holes 230 are provided on the first side wall 210, and each exhaust hole 230 is correspondingly provided with a directional exhaust structure, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities 130 of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are oriented in the same direction. It can be understood that when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the high-temperature gas is discharged from the outlet of one exhaust cavity 130 and flows along the first side wall 210. When it flows to the adjacent directional exhaust structure, since the outlets of the exhaust cavities 130 of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are oriented in the same direction, the high-temperature gas will not enter the exhaust cavity 130 from the outlet of the directional exhaust structure when it flows to the adjacent directional exhaust structure, thereby further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway spreading. Optionally, the outlet of the exhaust cavity 130 of the directional exhaust structure on the first side wall 210 faces one side of the second direction ( Figure 3 The direction shown is the positive Y direction, and the direction pointed by the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0039] Optionally, the plurality of exhaust holes 230 on the first side wall 210 are arranged in multiple rows and columns along the third direction and the second direction, thereby enabling rapid exhaust of high-temperature gas inside the housing 200 when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, thereby further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway spreading.

[0040] Optionally, the second side wall 220 is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes 230, and each exhaust hole 230 is provided with a directional exhaust structure, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities 130 of the directional exhaust structures are consistent in direction. When the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas is discharged from the outlet of one exhaust cavity 130 and flows along the first side wall 210, and when the high-temperature gas flows to the adjacent directional exhaust structure, the high-temperature gas cannot enter the exhaust cavity 130 from the outlet of the directional exhaust structure due to the consistent direction of the outlets of the exhaust cavities 130 of the plurality of directional exhaust structures, thereby further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway spreading. Optionally, the outlet of the exhaust cavity 130 of the directional exhaust structure on the second side wall 220 is toward the side of the second direction (X direction) (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction). Figure 3 The positive direction of the X direction is shown, and the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction.

[0041] Embodiment three:

[0042] The structure of the battery module of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment two, except that the outlet direction of the exhaust cavity 130 provided on the second side wall 220 is the negative direction of the X direction (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0043] Embodiment four:

[0044] The structure of the battery module of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment two, except that the outlet direction of the exhaust cavity 130 provided on the second side wall 220 is the negative direction of the Z direction (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0045] Embodiment five:

[0046] The structure of the battery module of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment two, except that the outlet direction of the exhaust cavity 130 provided on the first side wall 210 is the negative direction of the Y direction (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0047] Embodiment six:

[0048] The structure of the battery module of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment two, except that the outlet direction of the exhaust cavity 130 provided on the first side wall 210 is the positive direction of the X direction (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0049] Embodiment seven:

[0050] The structure of the battery module of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment two, except that the outlet direction of the exhaust cavity 130 provided on the first side wall 210 is the negative direction of the X direction (the direction of the arrow in the figure is the positive direction).

[0051] In the description of the specification, the description referring to the terms "some embodiments", "other embodiments", etc., means that the particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic being described is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. The appearances of the above-described terms in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments of the application are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the application. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the scope of the application. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A directional exhaust structure, characterized in that: The directional exhaust structure comprises an exhaust body (100) provided on a housing (200), wherein the exhaust body (100) is connected to the outer wall of the housing (200) and is arranged around an exhaust hole (230) on the housing (200), wherein the exhaust body (100) has an exhaust cavity (130), wherein the exhaust cavity (130) has an exhaust opening and is in communication with the exhaust hole (230), and wherein the exhaust cavity (130) is capable of directing the gas exhausted from the exhaust hole (230) to the outer wall surface of the housing (200).

2. The directional exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust body (100) comprises an integrally formed connecting portion (110) and a guiding portion (120), one end of the connecting portion (110) being connected to the outer wall of the outer shell (200), the guiding portion (120) being connected to the other end of the connecting portion (110) and being arranged parallel to the outer wall of the outer shell (200), and the projection of the connecting portion (110) on the outer wall of the outer shell (200) covering the exhaust hole (230).

3. The directional exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust body (100) comprises a connecting portion (110) connected to the outer shell, and a distance L between a side wall of the connecting portion (110) facing the outer shell (200) and an outer wall of the outer shell (200) satisfies the relationship: 1 mm ≤ L ≤ 5 mm.

4. The directional exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust body (100) includes a connecting portion (110) integrally formed with the outer shell (200).

5. The directional exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust body (100) comprises an integrally formed connecting portion (110) and a guiding portion (120), and the connection between the connecting portion (110) and the housing (200) and the connection between the connecting portion (110) and the guiding portion (120) are both formed with rounded corners.

6. A battery module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (200), a battery cell and a directional exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an exhaust hole (230) is provided on the outer wall of the housing (200), and the directional exhaust structure is connected to the housing (200) and is arranged corresponding to the exhaust hole (230).

7. The battery module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The housing (200) has two first side walls (210) and two second side walls (220), the two first side walls (210) are spaced apart along a first direction, the two second side walls (220) are spaced apart along a second direction, and the first side walls (210) and / or the second side walls (220) are each provided with a plurality of exhaust holes (230), and the plurality of exhaust holes (230) are spaced apart along a third direction, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are arranged perpendicularly in pairs.

8. The battery module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The housing (200) has two first side walls (210) spaced apart along a first direction, a plurality of exhaust holes (230) are provided on the first side wall (210), each exhaust hole (230) is correspondingly provided with a directional exhaust structure, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities (130) of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are oriented in the same direction and are arranged toward one side of the second direction or one side of the third direction.

9. The battery module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of exhaust holes (230) on the first side wall (210) are arranged in multiple rows and columns along the third direction and the second direction.

10. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein: The housing (200) has two second side walls (220) spaced apart along a second direction, a plurality of exhaust holes (230) are provided on the second side walls (220), each exhaust hole (230) is correspondingly provided with one of the directional exhaust structures, and the outlets of the exhaust cavities (130) of the plurality of directional exhaust structures are oriented in the same direction and are arranged toward one side of the third direction or toward the side downward in the second direction.

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