Electrodialysis water purification filter element

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of water purification, in particular to an electrodialysis water purification filter element. The electrodialysis water purification filter element comprises a cathode, an anode and an ion exchange module, wherein the ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; a divalent cation chamber and a monovalent cation chamber are formed in the ion exchange module; under the action of an electric field of the anode and the cathode, monovalent cations in the divalent cation chamber are migrated to the monovalent cation chamber, and divalent cations in the divalent cation chamber are retained; the divalent cation chamber is used for being connected with a drinking water pipeline. Monovalent cations in the divalent cation chamber are moved forwards to the monovalent cation chamber, and the monovalent cations and the divalent cations in water are separated, so that the water quality is changed, and the problems that the content of calcium and magnesium ions is generally extremely low and the content of monovalent sodium ions is relatively high in an existing water purifier are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to water purification technical field, especially a kind of electrodialysis water filter element. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to water quality, and it has become a trend for families to equip water purification equipment; The existing water purification equipment can conveniently prepare pure water for drinking, but the water quality is relatively single. In addition, the human body needs a certain amount of calcium, magnesium and other minerals, but the calcium and magnesium ion content of the water purifier on the market is generally very low, and the monovalent sodium ion content is relatively high. Generally speaking, calcium and magnesium ions are needed by the human body, but there should not be too much in drinking water, otherwise the problem of water scale is serious when boiling water, and the sodium ion content of high-quality drinking water should be low. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides an electrodialysis water filter element, to solve the problem that the existing water purifier generally has very low calcium and magnesium ion content and relatively high monovalent sodium ion content.

[0004] The technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0005] An electrodialysis water filter element, comprising a cathode, an anode and an ion exchange module, the ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode;

[0006] A divalent cation chamber and a monovalent cation chamber are formed in the ion exchange module;

[0007] Under the action of the electric field of the anode and the cathode, the monovalent cations in the divalent cation chamber migrate to the monovalent cation chamber, and the divalent cations in the divalent cation chamber are retained;

[0008] The divalent cation chamber is used to be connected with a drinking water pipeline.

[0009] Further, the electrodialysis water filter element comprises a central pipe, a shell, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, the central pipe, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are all located in the shell;

[0010] One end of the upper end cover is connected with the upper end of the shell, and the other end cover is arranged at the upper end of the ion exchange module, the upper end cover and the upper end of the ion exchange module form a water inlet flow channel, and the shell is provided with a third interface, which is in communication with the water inlet flow channel;

[0011] The central pipe is connected with the upper end of the shell, the central pipe has an inner flow channel and an outer flow channel, the upper end of the shell is provided with a second interface and a first interface, the second interface is in communication with the inner flow channel, and the first interface is in communication with the outer flow channel;

[0012] The ion exchange module is arranged outside the outer wall of the central tube, the cathode is arranged between the inner wall of the ion exchange module and the outer wall of the central tube, the cathode and the inner wall of the ion exchange module form a cathode water chamber, and the cathode water chamber is in communication with the outer flow channel;

[0013] The anode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the anode and the outer wall of the ion exchange module form an anode water chamber.

[0014] The lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the ion exchange module, and the lower end cover and the lower end of the ion exchange module form a product water flow channel, the product water flow channel is in communication with the divalent cation chamber and the inner flow channel respectively, the lower end cover is provided with a communication port, and the communication port is in communication with the outer flow channel and the anode water chamber respectively.

[0015] The water inlet flow channel is in communication with the divalent cation chamber and the monovalent cation chamber respectively, the monovalent cation chamber is provided with at least two openings, at least one of the openings is in communication with the cathode water chamber, and at least another opening is in communication with the anode water chamber.

[0016] Further, the ion exchange module comprises a first grid, a selectively permeable anode membrane, a second grid and a cathode membrane, the first grid, the selectively permeable anode membrane, the second grid and the cathode membrane are sequentially stacked from inside to outside and spirally arranged so that the first grid is stacked on the cathode membrane, wherein the selectively permeable anode membrane is an anode membrane through which monovalent cations can pass and through which divalent and higher valence cations are retained.

[0017] Further, the cathode membrane and the selectively permeable anode membrane are sealingly connected at one end close to the central tube.

[0018] Further, the divalent cation chamber is composed of the selectively permeable anode membrane and the cathode membrane, and the second grid is arranged in the divalent cation chamber.

[0019] Further, one end of the divalent cation chamber away from the central tube is sealed by a glue line, and one end of the divalent cation chamber close to the product water flow channel is not sealed by a glue line to form a first flow channel port in communication with the product water flow channel.

[0020] Further, the monovalent cation chamber is composed of the selectively permeable anode membrane and the cathode membrane, and the first grid is arranged in the monovalent cation chamber.

[0021] Further, one end of the monovalent cation chamber away from the central tube is sealed by an intermittent glue line, and at least two openings are formed by the intermittent glue line, and one end of the divalent cation chamber close to the product water flow channel is sealed by a glue line.

[0022] Further, the cathode water chamber is formed by the selective permeation anode membrane, the cathode and the first grid, and the anode water chamber is formed by the cathode membrane and the anode.

[0023] Further, the electrodialysis water purification filter core comprises an anode lead wire and a cathode lead wire, one end of the anode lead wire is connected with the anode, the other end penetrates through the shell for being connected with a positive pole of a power supply, one end of the cathode lead wire is connected with the cathode, and the other end penetrates through the shell for being connected with a negative pole of the power supply.

[0024] According to the technical scheme, when the electrodialysis water purification filter core works, the concentration of the divalent cations in the water flowing out of the divalent cation chamber does not change, the concentration of the monovalent cations is greatly reduced, and the concentration of the monovalent cations in the monovalent cation chamber is increased, that is, the monovalent cations in the divalent cation chamber are moved forward to the monovalent cation chamber, the monovalent cations and the divalent cations in the water are separated, the water quality is changed, and the problem that the existing water purifier generally has a very low content of calcium and magnesium ions and a relatively high content of monovalent sodium ions is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a water flow schematic diagram of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a glue line schematic diagram of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 is another glue line schematic diagram of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 is another glue line schematic diagram of the electrodialysis water purification filter core provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] The cathode 11, the cathode lead wire 111, the anode 12, the anode lead wire 121, the ion exchange module 13, the first grid 131, the selective permeation anode membrane 132, the second grid 133, the cathode membrane 134 and the glue line 10 are provided.

[0032] The center tube 14, the shell 15, the first interface 151, the second interface 152, the third interface 153, the upper end cover 16 and the lower end cover 17 are provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the utility model and not to limit the utility model.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 The utility model discloses an electrodialysis water purification filter element, be applied to water purifier, including cathode 11, anode 12 and ion exchange module 13, the ion exchange module 13 is placed between the cathode 11 and the anode 12, the ion exchange module 13 forms divalent cation chamber and monovalent cation chamber, under the electric field effect of the anode 12 and the cathode 11, the monovalent cation in the divalent cation chamber moves to the monovalent cation chamber, and the divalent cation in the divalent cation chamber remains, the divalent cation chamber is used to connect with drinking water pipeline.

[0035] When the electrodialysis water purification filter element works, the current direction is positive to negative, and the cation in the electrodialysis water purification filter element moves along the current direction, and the anion moves against the current direction.

[0036] Water enters the divalent cation chamber and the monovalent cation chamber respectively, and under the action of the electric field, the monovalent cation in the divalent cation chamber enters the monovalent cation chamber, and the divalent cation cannot pass through and remains in the divalent cation chamber.

[0037] When the electrodialysis water purification filter element works, the concentration of the divalent cation in the water flowing out of the divalent cation chamber does not change, the concentration of the monovalent cation greatly reduces, and the concentration of the monovalent cation in the monovalent cation chamber increases, that is, the monovalent cation in the divalent cation chamber is moved forward to the monovalent cation chamber, the monovalent cation and the divalent cation in water are separated, so that the water quality is changed, and the problem that the existing water purifier is generally low in calcium and magnesium ion content and relatively high in monovalent sodium ion content is solved.

[0038] In the embodiment, the electrodialysis water purification filter element includes a center pipe 14, a shell 15, an upper end cover 16 and a lower end cover 17, and the center pipe 14, the upper end cover 16 and the lower end cover 17 are located in the shell 15.

[0039] One end of the upper end cover 16 is connected with the upper end of the shell 15, and the other end cover is arranged at the upper end of the ion exchange module 13, the upper end cover 16 and the upper end of the ion exchange module 13 form a water inlet flow channel, and the shell 15 is provided with a third interface 153, and the third interface 153 communicates with the water inlet flow channel. The third interface 153 is a water inlet end and is used for being connected with a pure water outlet of a membrane filter element.

[0040] The center pipe 14 is connected with the upper end of the shell 15, the center pipe 14 has an inner flow channel and an outer flow channel, the upper end of the shell 15 is provided with a second interface 152 and a first interface 151, the second interface 152 is communicated with the inner flow channel, and the first interface 151 is communicated with the outer flow channel. The second interface 152 is connected with a drinking water pipeline to output water in the divalent cation chamber, and the first interface 151 is connected with a waste water pipeline to discharge water in the monovalent cation chamber.

[0041] The ion exchange module 13 is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the center pipe 14, the cathode 11 is arranged between the inner wall of the ion exchange module 13 and the outer wall of the center pipe 14, the cathode 11 and the inner wall of the ion exchange module 13 form a cathode 11 water chamber, and the cathode 11 water chamber is communicated with the outer flow channel. The cathode water in the cathode 11 water chamber is discharged to the waste water pipeline through the outer flow channel and the first interface 151.

[0042] The anode 12 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 15, and the anode 12 and the outer wall of the ion exchange module 13 form an anode 12 water chamber.

[0043] The lower end cover 17 is arranged on the lower end of the ion exchange module 13, the lower end cover 17 and the lower end of the ion exchange module 13 form a water production flow channel, the water production flow channel is respectively communicated with the divalent cation chamber and the inner flow channel, and the lower end cover 17 is provided with a communication port, the communication port is respectively communicated with the outer flow channel and the anode 12 water chamber. The water in the divalent cation chamber is transported to the drinking water pipeline through the water production flow channel, the inner flow channel and the second interface 152. The cathode water in the anode 12 water chamber enters the outer flow channel through the communication port, and then is discharged to the waste water pipeline through the first interface 151.

[0044] The water inlet flow channel is respectively communicated with the divalent cation chamber and the monovalent cation chamber, the monovalent cation chamber is provided with at least two openings, at least one of the openings is communicated with the cathode 11 water chamber, and at least another opening is communicated with the anode 12 water chamber. Pure water enters the water inlet flow channel through the third interface 153, and then flows into the divalent cation chamber and the monovalent cation chamber respectively, the monovalent cation in the monovalent cation chamber migrates to the divalent cation chamber, and then the water in the monovalent cation chamber enters the cathode 11 water chamber and the anode 12 water chamber through the two openings respectively.

[0045] In some embodiments, the water inlet flow channel can also be communicated with the cathode 11 water chamber and the anode 12 water chamber.

[0046] In the embodiment, the ion exchange module 13 comprises a first grid 131, a selective permeable positive membrane 132, a second grid 133 and a negative membrane 134, which are sequentially stacked from inside to outside and spirally wound so that the first grid 131 is stacked on the negative membrane 134, wherein the selective permeable positive membrane 132 is a positive membrane that allows monovalent cations to pass through and blocks divalent and higher valence cations. The first grid 131 and the second grid 133 are used to separate the selective permeable positive membrane 132, the negative membrane 134 and the cathode 11 to form a water flow channel. The selective permeable positive membrane 132 can block anions and divalent cations, allowing monovalent cations to pass through; the negative membrane 134 blocks cations and allows anions to pass through. In addition, the ion exchange module 13 is in a spiral configuration and is placed in a cylindrical filter cartridge barrel, which can withstand higher water pressure and has better manufacturability.

[0047] In the embodiment, the negative membrane 134 and the selective permeable positive membrane 132 are sealingly connected to one end of the center tube 14. That is, the starting end of the spiral configuration is sealingly connected.

[0048] In the embodiment, the divalent cation chamber is formed by the selective permeable positive membrane 132 and the negative membrane 134, and the second grid 133 is arranged in the divalent cation chamber. The divalent cation chamber is formed by the selective permeable positive membrane 132, the negative membrane 134 and the second grid 133 sandwiched between the selective permeable positive membrane 132 and the negative membrane 134.

[0049] In the embodiment, the divalent cation chamber is sealed by the adhesive tape 10 away from one end of the center tube 14, and the divalent cation chamber is not sealed by the adhesive tape 10 near the water production flow channel to form a first flow channel opening in communication with the water production flow channel. That is, at the end of the spiral configuration, the divalent cation chamber is sealingly connected, the divalent cation chamber is not sealed by the adhesive tape 10 near the water production flow channel to form a first flow channel opening in communication with the water production flow channel, and the divalent cation chamber is also not sealed by the adhesive tape 10 near the water inlet flow channel to communicate with the water inlet flow channel.

[0050] In the embodiment, the monovalent cation chamber is formed by the selective permeable positive membrane 132 and the negative membrane 134, and the first grid 131 is arranged in the monovalent cation chamber. The monovalent cation chamber is formed by the selective permeable positive membrane 132, the negative membrane 134 and the first grid 131 sandwiched between the selective permeable positive membrane 132 and the negative membrane 134.

[0051] In the embodiment, the monovalent cation chamber is sealed by the intermittent glue line 10 at the end away from the central tube 14, and at least two openings are formed by the discontinuity of the intermittent glue line 10. The divalent cation chamber is sealed by the glue line 10 at the end close to the water production channel. That is, at the end of the spiral configuration, the monovalent cation chamber is sealed by the intermittent glue line 10. Because of the intermittent glue line 10, a gap is formed, i.e., the opening mentioned above. The two openings allow the monovalent cation chamber to have two directions of water outflow. The first direction is to mix with the water of the cathode 11 and flow into the outer channel of the central tube 14. The second direction is to flow out of the end away from the central tube 14 due to the gap of the glue line 10, mix with the water of the anode 12, and then flow into the outer channel of the central tube 14 to mix with the other part of the monovalent cation water of the water of the cathode 11 and then flow out of the first interface 151. The divalent cation chamber is not sealed by the glue line 10 at the end close to the water production channel to form a first flow channel opening in communication with the water production channel. The divalent cation chamber is also not sealed by the glue line 10 at the end close to the water inlet channel to be in communication with the water inlet channel.

[0052] In the embodiment, the water chamber of the cathode 11 is formed by the selectively permeable anode film 132, the cathode 11, and the first grid 131. The water chamber of the anode 12 is formed between the cathode 11 and the anode film 134. The first grid 131 is sandwiched between the selectively permeable anode film 132 and the cathode 11.

[0053] In the embodiment, the electro-dialysis water purification filter element includes an anode lead 121 and a cathode lead 111. One end of the anode lead 121 is connected to the anode 12, and the other end penetrates through the shell 15 to be connected to the positive pole of a power source. One end of the cathode lead 111 is connected to the cathode 11, and the other end penetrates through the shell 15 to be connected to the negative pole of the power source.

[0054] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, but should not be used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrodialysis water purification filter cartridge for use in a water purifier, characterized by comprising: The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 2. The electrodialytic water purification cartridge of claim 1, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 3. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 2, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 4. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 3, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 5. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 4, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 6. The electrodialytic water purification cartridge of claim 5, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; 7. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 4, wherein, The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the cathode and the anode; The ion exchange module is arranged between the 8. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 7, wherein, The monovalent cation chamber is sealed by a discontinuous rubber thread at one end away from the central tube, and at least two of the openings are formed by gaps in the discontinuous rubber thread, and the divalent cation chamber is sealed by a rubber thread at one end close to the water production channel.

9. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 3, wherein, The cathode water chamber is formed by the selectively permeable cation membrane, the cathode and the first grid, and the anode water chamber is formed between the anode and the anion membrane.

10. The electrodialytic water purification filter cartridge of claim 2, wherein, The electrodialysis water purification filter element includes an anode lead and a cathode lead, one end of the anode lead is connected to the anode, the other end penetrates through the shell for connection with the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the cathode lead is connected to the cathode, the other end penetrates through the shell for connection with the negative electrode of the power supply.

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