Equipment for producing concrete building component on site
By using equipment for on-site production of concrete building components, the difficulties of production and transportation in less industrialized countries have been solved, enabling efficient production at the component assembly location, reducing costs and time requirements, and making it suitable for operation by workers with low technical skills.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202390000262.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-03-18
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-03-17
AI Technical Summary
In less industrialized countries, the production and transportation of concrete building components are difficult, requiring specialized structures for pouring and drying, and relying on highly skilled labor, which increases construction time and costs.
A device for on-site production of concrete building components is provided, comprising a box-shaped housing structure, a support frame, formwork, a liquid concrete supply device, and an extraction device, which allows production at the component assembly location, reduces the need for transportation and construction of specialized structures, and is suitable for operation by workers with low skill levels.
It enables on-site production of components, reduces transportation and production costs, shortens construction time, and eliminates the need for specialized structures for casting and drying, making it suitable for the production of different types of components.
Smart Images
Figure CN223507345U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present solution relates to a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements.
[0002] Examples of such cementitious elements or artefacts can be slabs, panels, kerbs, urban building elements, etc. having different shapes and sizes.
[0003] The present solution is used in the field of construction, for example in the field of prefabricated buildings, in which various concrete elements, in particular panels, are assembled together to form living spaces, storage spaces, etc. BACKGROUND
[0004] As is known, the production process of concrete building elements is characterized by the use of large quantities of material and by the use of particularly bulky and expensive machinery, which is difficult to comfortably transport from one production site to another. For these reasons, building elements are usually manufactured at a single production site and are only subsequently transported to the place where they are assembled together, for example to form a prefabricated building.
[0005] This production and transport method is particularly inconvenient and unfeasible in low-industrialized countries, such as African countries.
[0006] The first difficulty encountered in these countries is usually that of the geographical conformation. In fact, in these countries, the connection between different places is particularly difficult due to the scarce infrastructure and the roughness of the territory. The transport of materials and machines suitable for manufacturing the elements is in fact difficult and expensive.
[0007] This means an increase in construction times and necessary resources.
[0008] The second difficulty also concerns the preparation of a suitable and practical site for carrying out the concrete casting.
[0009] In fact, in less industrialized countries, it is very difficult to install a suitable structure for performing the casting in order to form the elements in a reliable and fast manner.
[0010] Another difficulty is the storage of the produced elements and the waiting for use.
[0011] As is known, in order to be able to use the concrete elements, after the casting it is necessary to wait for a period of time for at least partial drying of the concrete elements. In more detail, the concrete is preferably subjected to a first drying inside the mould in which the concrete is cast to form the element. Subsequently, the concrete element is extracted in order to be subjected to a second drying, so that the element has the correct mechanical properties.
[0012] This means the need to have enough space (in terms of size, but also in terms of environmental conditions) in which to carry out at least the first drying.
[0013] Another difficulty comes from the fact that in less industrialized countries it is difficult to find a highly specialized labor force that can best exploit a specific innovative technology. Utility content
[0014] Therefore, the aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that is able to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art that have emerged.
[0015] Therefore, another aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that allows to produce the elements in the same location where they must be assembled, i.e. to allow a decentralized production of this product.
[0016] Therefore, another aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that is able to reduce the time and costs related to the transport of the concrete products and elements.
[0017] Therefore, another aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that is easily usable even by workers with a low technical level.
[0018] Another aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that allows to avoid having to build ad hoc structures on site to carry out the concrete pouring and / or to allow the latter to dry after pouring.
[0019] Another aim of the present solution is to provide a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements that can reduce the costs and production times of the elements themselves.
[0020] The present solution provides a plant for the on-site production of concrete building elements, wherein it comprises:
[0021] - a box-like containing structure adapted to convey and define a containing volume comprising a first sub-volume and a second sub-volume placed side by side with each other;
[0022] - a support frame housed in the first sub-volume and defining a plurality of support areas side by side with each other along a vertical stacking direction;
[0023] - at least two forms each configured to contain a preset amount of concrete to form at least one respective element, each form being slidably housed in a respective support area of the support frame to assume a stowed configuration, in which it is inserted into the support frame, and a extracted configuration, in which it is at least partially extracted from the support frame;
[0024] - extraction means configured to extract at least one formwork from the respective support area by moving the formwork at least along an extraction direction between the storage configuration and the extraction configuration;
[0025] - a liquid concrete feeding device at least partially arranged in the second sub-volume and configured to dispense the preset quantity of concrete to each formwork when the formwork is housed in the respective support area, the feeding device comprising at least one pump preferably arranged in a fixed position.
[0026] In some embodiments, the housing volume extends horizontally; and / or, the extraction direction is horizontal; and / or, the at least one pump is arranged in a fixed position.
[0027] In some embodiments, the extraction means has a support base and a support platform vertically movable to reach the height of the formwork to be extracted, and configured to assume a folded configuration defining a minimum overall size, and wherein the first sub-volume has a housing in its lower portion arranged at the lower side of the support area for housing the extraction means in the folded configuration.
[0028] In some embodiments, the support base is slidable, in particular slidably fitted to the support frame, to move the extraction means from the first sub-volume to an operating position suitable for extracting the formwork from the support area.
[0029] In some embodiments, the extraction means comprises a grab hook protruding from the support platform and configured to engage the edge of a formwork, the grab hook being slidably movable parallel to the extraction direction of the formwork to extract the formwork from the first sub-volume and transfer the formwork onto the support platform.
[0030] In some embodiments, at least one vibrating support is included, selectively associated or associable with one of the formworks, in particular with the bottom wall of the formwork, to generate vibrations of the formwork when the formwork is housed in the respective support area.
[0031] In some embodiments, the vibrating support is fitted to the support frame and vertically movable to achieve temporary support of the formwork.
[0032] In some embodiments, said vibrating support has a planar extension at least partially overlapping on each formwork and slidably movable in said first sub-volume along said stacking direction to be arranged in the space left by the formwork extracted from said first sub-volume and abutting above said formwork below in order to lift and vibrate said formwork.
[0033] In some embodiments, said vibrating support has four vertices defining respective anchoring points with lifting actuators, in particular cylinders or chains, and has an extension along said extraction direction of the formwork comprised between 50% and 90% of the length of said formwork.
[0034] In some embodiments, said liquid concrete feeding device comprises a mixer or cement mixer arranged in said second sub-volume and connected to said pump through a connection pipe, preferably of the flexible type.
[0035] In some embodiments, said mixer or cement mixer is operatively movable outside the containing structure.
[0036] In some embodiments, said mixer or cement mixer is provided with a lattice and / or box-like frame.
[0037] In some embodiments, a generator set is also included, configured to power at least said pump, and wherein said generator set is configured to be arranged in said second sub-volume.
[0038] In some embodiments, said generator set is operatively movable outside the containing structure.
[0039] In some embodiments, said generator set is provided with a lattice and / or box-like frame.
[0040] In some embodiments, said pump is selectively connectable to each formwork contained in a respective support area through a feeding pipe to dispense said preset quantity of concrete into said formwork; each formwork is provided with a feeding opening reversibly connectable to said feeding pipe.
[0041] In some embodiments, said feeding pipe is flexible; and / or, the feeding opening is located on a partition.
[0042] In some embodiments, said support frame is a lattice-type frame and is sized to be inserted into said containing structure for the measurements.
[0043] In some embodiments, each formwork has a jar-like shape with a bottom wall, a pair of side walls, a pair of partitions.
[0044] In some embodiments, the template is made of metal.
[0045] In some embodiments, the containing structure comprises a standard size container.
[0046] In some embodiments, the container is of the 20', 40' or 45' type.
[0047] Further features and advantages of the present solution will become more apparent from the following indicative, therefore non-limiting, description of an apparatus for the on-site production of concrete building elements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0048] Such a description will be made below with reference to the attached drawings, provided purely by way of illustration and therefore not limitation, in which:
[0049] - Figure 1A a perspective view of the apparatus of the present solution is shown in an operating configuration;
[0050] - Figure 1B a perspective view of the interior of the apparatus of the figure is shown;
[0051] - Figure 2 a perspective view of a portion of the apparatus of the figure is shown; Figure 1A Figure 1A ;
[0052] - Figure 3 a perspective view of two components of the apparatus of the figure is shown; Figure 1A
[0053] - Figure 4 a perspective view of the interior of the apparatus of the present solution is shown;
[0054] - Figure 5 a front view of a portion of the apparatus of the figure is shown; Figure 1A -
[0055] a perspective view of a component of the apparatus of the figure is shown; Figure 6 Figure 1A
[0056] - Figure 7A and 7B side views of two different configurations of the apparatus of the present solution are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] With reference to the attached drawings, 100 indicates an apparatus for the on-site production of concrete building elements, such as slabs, kerbs, etc., according to the present solution.
[0058] According to one aspect of the present solution, the apparatus 100 can also allow the production of elements for construction in pre-compressed concrete.
[0059] The device 100 comprises a box-like containing structure 10 suitable for transport.
[0060] The term "suitable for transport" means that the containing structure 10 is suitable for being loaded onto a ship, a train, a truck, a helicopter, etc., so that the entire device 100 can be transported to the place where it is intended to start the production of concrete elements and subsequently build with such elements.
[0061] Preferably, the device 100 has a total weight comprised between 15 tons and 30 tons.
[0062] Even more preferably, the device 100 has a total weight comprised between 20 tons and 25 tons.
[0063] In the case of transport by helicopter, the device 100 has a weight of about 21 tons.
[0064] According to one possible embodiment, the containing structure 10 comprises a container of standard size, preferably of the 20', 40' or 45' type (the symbol' indicates the unit of measurement in feet).
[0065] Preferably, the container can be of the HCC high-cube container type.
[0066] Advantageously, the use of the container facilitates the ease of movement and handling of the entire device 100 in order to transport it when necessary.
[0067] As shown in the attached drawings, the containing structure 10 defines a containing volume "V" preferably having a horizontal extension.
[0068] The containing volume "V" comprises a first sub-volume "VI" and a second sub-volume "V2" placed side by side with each other.
[0069] The device 100 also comprises a support frame 20, which is housed in the first sub-volume "VI" and defines a plurality of support areas placed side by side with each other along a vertical stacking direction "Y".
[0070] That is, the support frame 20 defines a shelving or vertical warehouse provided with shelves placed vertically side by side with each other along the stacking direction "Y".
[0071] According to one embodiment, the support frame 20 is a grid-type frame.
[0072] Advantageously, the use of a grid frame makes the entire device 100 lighter and easier to transport to the place where it is intended to start the production of building elements.
[0073] Preferably, the support frame 20 is formed by a plurality of tubes of rectangular section made of a metallic material, preferably iron or stainless steel, and welded together by MIG (metal-arc inert gas) welding.
[0074] Even more preferably, the pipe is surface-treated to maintain its mechanical properties.
[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the support frame 20 is sized to be inserted in the containment structure 10 so as to measure.
[0076] As shown in the attached figures, in fact, the support frame 20 is attached to the wall of the containment structure 10, so as to make the best use of the containment volume "V".
[0077] As shown in the attached figures, the apparatus 100 comprises at least two forms 30a, 30b, 30c, each form being configured to contain a preset quantity of concrete for forming at least one respective component.
[0078] In the embodiment shown by way of non-limiting example in the attached figures, the apparatus 100 comprises three forms 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0079] Each form 30a, 30b, 30c is slidably contained in a respective support area of the support frame 20.
[0080] Preferably, each form 30a, 30b, 30c is slidably movable at least along the extraction direction "E", preferably along a horizontal direction.
[0081] As shown in the attached figures, each form 30a, 30b, 30c is slidably movable to assume a storage configuration (Figures 1 and 2) Figure 1A , 1B ) and an extraction configuration (Figures 3 and 4), in the storage configuration the form 30a, 30b, 30c is inserted into the support frame 20, in the extraction configuration the form 30a, 30b, 30c is at least partially extracted from the support frame 20. Figure 2
[0082] In particular, as will be described in detail below, when filled with liquid concrete, each form 30a, 30b, 30c assumes the storage configuration so that, when the form 30a, 30b, 30c is placed inside the containment structure 10, the liquid concrete can at least partially dry. Each form 30a, 30b, 30c assumes the storage configuration even when it is empty and must be filled with liquid concrete.
[0083] Advantageously, the presence of the support frame 20 allows the forms 30a, 30b, 30c to be filled directly inside the apparatus 100, without the need to build special structures or supports for filling the forms 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0084] Advantageously, the presence of the support frame 20 allows the forming components to be stored within the templates 30a, 30b, 30c (at least during partial drying) without the need to form a special structure outside the equipment 100.
[0085] According to one aspect of this specification, as shown in the accompanying drawings, each template 30a, 30b, 30c is accommodated within a corresponding support area so as to have main dimensions arranged along the extraction direction “E” and parallel to the accommodating structure 10.
[0086] In other words, each template 30a, 30b, 30c is accommodated in the corresponding support area so as to serve as a drawer or removable shelf along the pull-out direction “E” for supporting the frame 20.
[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, each template 30a, 30b, 30c has the shape of a tank, such as a tank with a rectangular cross-section, having a bottom wall 31, a pair of opposing side walls 32 and a pair of opposing partitions 34.
[0088] As shown in the attached figures, each template 30a, 30b, 30c is accommodated within a corresponding support area so as to have sidewalls 32 arranged along the extraction direction “E”.
[0089] According to one aspect of this solution, the sidewall 32 is fixed, preferably welded, to the bottom wall 31.
[0090] According to another aspect of this scheme, the partitions 34 in the pair of partitions can move towards and away from each other along the extraction direction "E" to change the accommodating volume of the templates 30a, 30b, and 30c.
[0091] Advantageously, the relative positions of the partitions 34 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the size and volume of the templates 30a, 30b, and 30c, which makes the equipment 100 flexible and capable of producing different types of components.
[0092] Preferably, each template 30a, 30b, 30c is made of metal material, and even more preferably of metal sheet.
[0093] According to one aspect of this solution, each template 30a, 30b, 30c includes at least one indicator device (not shown), such as a laser, which is configured to project a filling pattern for the templates 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0094] In detail, the indicator device is configured to identify a positioning area within the template 30a, 30b, 30c which indicates to the operator the point at which the profile (for example a box-like element, a wedge, etc.) must be positioned in order to obtain the shaped member before pouring the concrete. For example, if it is necessary to make the member carry a hole in a predetermined position (i.e. at a predetermined distance from the outer edge), the indicator device will project on the template 30a, 30b, 30c a graphic which indicates the point at which it is necessary to position the profile having the shape and size of the hole to be obtained. In this case, after positioning the profile, the concrete can be poured in the template 30a, 30b, 30c, thus obtaining the desired perforated member.
[0095] Preferably, the profile is magnetic so as to be able to reversibly but stably adhere to the lateral wall 32a and / or to the partition 34 and / or to the bottom wall 31 of the template 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0096] According to one possible embodiment, on the partition 34 each template 30a, 30b, 30c comprises a feeding opening 32a and a lid 32b movable between a closed position, in which it closes the feeding opening 32a so as to prevent the liquid concrete contained in the template 30a, 30b, 30c from leaking, and an open position, in which it is distanced from the feeding opening 32a to allow the template 30a, 30b, 30c to be filled with concrete, as will be described in detail below.
[0097] Preferably, the feeding opening 32a is formed on the partition 34 near the bottom wall 31 so as to fill the template 30a, 30b, 30c from below.
[0098] Advantageously, the fact of filling each template 30a, 30b, 30c from below prevents the formation of a large number of air bubbles during pouring.
[0099] According to one aspect of the present description, the apparatus 100 further comprises a liquid concrete feeding device 50, which is arranged at least partially in the second sub-volume "V2" and is configured to dispense a preset quantity of concrete to each template 30a, 30b, 30c when it is contained in the respective support area.
[0100] According to another aspect of the present description, the feeding device 50 comprises at least one pump 51.
[0101] The pump 51 is selectively connected to each template 30a, 30b, 30c contained in the first sub-volume "V1", i.e. in the support frame 20, by means of a feeding pipe 51a, preferably flexible, so as to dispense a preset quantity of concrete in the template 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0102] In more detail, as Figure 5As shown, in order to perform the filling of each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c housed in the support frame 20, the feeding pipe 51a is reversibly connected to the feeding opening 32a of the first formwork 30a, 30b, 30c to dispense therein a preset quantity of concrete. At the end of this dispensing, the feeding pipe 51a is removed from the feeding opening 32a and the lid 32b is brought into the closed position. Subsequently, the feeding pipe 51a is connected to the feeding opening 32a of the second formwork 30a, 30b, 30c to fill it with concrete.
[0103] For each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c housed in the support frame 20, the operation of removing and connecting the feeding pipe 51a to the feeding opening 32a of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c is repeated so that each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c is filled with liquid concrete.
[0104] In the preferred embodiment, the pump 51 is arranged in a fixed position.
[0105] In particular, as shown in the attached figures, the pump 51 is housed inside the second sub-volume "V2".
[0106] Preferably, the pump 51 is positioned so as to face the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c housed in the respective support areas of the support frame 20 and, in particular, their feeding openings 32a.
[0107] Even more preferably, the pump 51 is supported on a protrusion obtained in the support frame 20 so as to be positioned at a level equal to about half the height of the support frame 20 itself from the ground or the like ( Figure 5 ).
[0108] This positioning is advantageous because it allows the feeding pipe 51a to comfortably reach all the feeding openings 32a of the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c placed in the support frame 20 without the need to raise or lower the pump 51 inside the second sub-volume "V2".
[0109] As shown in the attached figures, the feeding device 50 also comprises a mixer or cement mixer 52 arranged in the second sub-volume "V2" and connected to the pump 51 by means of a connection pipe 54, preferably of the flexible type. Figure 1A and 1B As shown in the attached figures, the feeding device 50 also comprises a mixer or cement mixer 52 arranged in the second sub-volume "V2" and connected to the pump 51 by means of a connection pipe 54, preferably of the flexible type.
[0110] In this case, the liquid concrete treated by the mixer 52 is sent to the pump 51 through the connection pipe 54, which selectively dispenses the concrete to the formworks 30a, 30b to perform their filling by means of the feeding pipe 51a.
[0111] In the preferred embodiment, the mixer 52 defines a mixing chamber in which the cement mixture is mixed to form the liquid concrete.
[0112] exist Figure 6 In the preferred embodiment shown, the feeding device 50 further includes a feeding hopper 52a disposed above the mixer 52, which is configured to allow components of the cement mixture, such as sand, gravel, and water, to be inserted into the mixer 52.
[0113] In this case, the liquid concrete is distributed into the connecting pipe 54, so that it reaches the pump 51 and is distributed to each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0114] like Figure 7A , 7B As shown, the mixer or cement mixer 52 is operably movable outside the housing structure 10.
[0115] The mixer or cement mixer 52 can be moved inside or outside the housing structure 10, especially from the second sub-volume "V2", so that the equipment 100 can be transported easily and conveniently.
[0116] To further facilitate this movement, the mixer or cement mixer 52 is provided with a grid and / or box-shaped frame 53.
[0117] Advantageously, the grid and / or box frame 53 allows the mixer or cement mixer 52 to be engaged, for example by means of a device such as a forklift, crane, etc., so that it can be easily pulled out or retracted into the second sub-volume "V2" without excessively pressurizing the equipment 100.
[0118] Alternatively, the device 100 may provide a frame within the second sub-volume "V2" configured to support the mixer or cement mixer 52, which may be moved, for example by means of a hydraulic piston, in an automatic manner to extract or retract the mixer or concrete mixer 52.
[0119] Advantageously, the movable frame allows the mixer or cement mixer 52 to be pulled out or retracted without the aid of forklifts, cranes, etc.
[0120] Advantageously, the movable frame allows the mixer or cement mixer 52 to be pulled out or retracted more safely, avoiding damage to the mixer or cement mixer 52 itself and the operator.
[0121] According to one aspect of this specification, the device 100 also includes a generator set 80 configured to supply power to at least the pump 51.
[0122] Similar to mixer 52, generator set 80 is also configured to be arranged in the second sub-volume "V2".
[0123] Preferably, the generator set 80 is operatively movable outside the housing structure 10.
[0124] Therefore, like the mixer 52, the generator set 80 can also be extracted from the containing structure 10 when the plant 100 is in use, or can be housed in the containing structure 10 when the plant 100 is in transit.
[0125] Preferably, when the mixer 52 and the generator set 80 are both placed inside the second sub-volume "V2", they are next to each other.
[0126] As shown in the attached figures, the generator set 80 is also provided with a lattice and / or box-like frame 53.
[0127] Advantageously, the lattice and / or box-like frame 53 allows the generator set 80 to be engaged, for example by means of a forklift or the like, to be comfortably extracted or retracted inside the second sub-volume "V2" without excessively depressing the plant 100.
[0128] Advantageously, the lattice and / or box-like frame 53 also makes it possible to avoid the mixer 52 from being damaged by a collision when the plant 100 is in transit and both the generator set 80 and the mixer 52 are housed inside the second sub-volume "V2".
[0129] Alternatively, if the plant 100 provides a movable frame inside the second sub-volume "V2", the generator set 80 can also be mounted therein to move in an automatic manner from the second sub-volume "V2" to be extracted or retracted.
[0130] Therefore, in use, the plant 100 is transported to the place where it is intended to produce and assemble the concrete elements.
[0131] During this transport, the forms 30a, 30b, 30c, the generator set 80 and the mixer 52 are housed respectively inside the containing structure 10 and inside the support frame 20 and the second sub-volume V2.
[0132] Once the plant 100 is positioned, the generator set 80 and the mixer 52 are extracted from the second sub-volume "V2". In this case, the sand, gravel, sand or the like for making concrete are introduced through the feed hopper 52a into the mixing chamber, where they are mixed to form liquid concrete.
[0133] Subsequently, this liquid concrete is sent through the connection pipe 54 to the pump 51. In this case, the feed pipe 51a is connected to the feed opening 32a of the first forms 30a, 30b, 30c, so that the liquid concrete can be dispensed by the pump 51 to fill the forms 30a, 30b, 30c themselves.
[0134] At the end of the filling of the first mould 30a, 30b, 30c, the feed pipe 51a is disconnected, the cover 32b is brought to the closed position to close the feed opening 32a, and the pump 51 is stopped dispensing. Subsequently, the feed pipe 51a is connected to the feed opening 32a of the second mould 30a, 30b, 30c, the pump 51 is put into operation, and the liquid concrete is sent out.
[0135] The operations described above for connecting the feed pipe 51a and for filling are repeated for each mould 30a, 30b, 30c housed in the support frame 20.
[0136] To ensure that the concrete elements formed inside the moulds 30a, 30b, 30c have good quality and have correct mechanical properties, the apparatus 100 comprises at least one vibrating support 60 selectively associated or associable with one of the moulds 30a, 30b, 30c, in particular with the bottom wall 31 of the mould 30a, 30b, 30c, to generate vibrations of the mould 30a, 30b, 30c when the mould is housed in the respective support area.
[0137] In particular, the vibrating support 60 generates vibrations on the mould 30a, 30b, 30c when the mould has just been filled with liquid concrete, to facilitate the expulsion of the air contained therein.
[0138] As shown in Figure 4 , the vibrating support 60 is mounted on the support frame 20.
[0139] More in detail, the vibrating support 60 has four vertices which define the respective anchoring points “P1”, “P2”, “P3”, “P4” of the vibrating support 60 to the support frame 20.
[0140] In a preferred embodiment, the vibrating support 60 has an extension in plan view at least partially overlapping each mould 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0141] Preferably, the vibrating support 60 has an extension along the extraction direction “E” of the mould 30a, 30b, 30c comprised between 50% and 90% of the length of the mould.
[0142] Even more preferably, as shown in Figure 3 , the vibrating support 60 comprises an elongated portion 60a substantially rectangular in shape and extending along the extraction direction “E” of the mould 30a, 30b, 30c. The vibrating support 60 further comprises a first shaped portion 60b and a second shaped portion 60c near the ends of the elongated portion 60a, which extend transversely to the elongated portion 60a and project transversely therefrom to define the four anchoring points “P1”, “P2”, “P3”, “P4” of the vibrating support 60.
[0143] As Figure 3 shown, in the preferred embodiment, each form 30a, 30b, 30c comprises, on the outer surface of the bottom wall 31, an engagement structure 33, which is shaped in contrast to the vibration support 60, to reversibly constrain the form 30a, 30b, 30c to the vibration support 30, so that they vibrate simultaneously.
[0144] That is, the outer surface of the bottom wall 31 and the vibration structure 60 of each form 30a, 30b, 30c can be engaged to each other by shape connection, so that the form 30a, 30b, 30c is made integrally with the vibration support 60, so as to vibrate therewith.
[0145] Advantageously, the presence of the engagement structure 33 prevents the presence, during vibration, of a relative movement between the form 30a, 30b, 30c and the vibration support 60, which could cause the form 30a, 30b, 30c to slide on the vibration support 60 itself.
[0146] Therefore, in use, once the form 30a, 30b, 30c is filled with liquid concrete, the vibration support 60 is associated with the bottom wall 31 of the form 30a, 30b, 30c by means of the engagement structure 33 and is activated when vibrating.
[0147] According to one aspect of the present description, in order to abut against the bottom wall 31 of the form 30a, 30b, 30c, the vibration support 60 can be slidably moved along the stacking direction "Y" in a first sub-volume "VI".
[0148] In particular, the vibration support 60 is configured to be arranged in the space left free by the form 30a, 30b, 30c extracted from the first sub-volume "VI" and to abut below the form 30a, 30b, 30c, so as to raise the latter and make it vibrate.
[0149] The vibration support 60 is also configured to be moved vertically, so as to actuate the temporary support of the form 30a, 30b, 30c, as will be described in detail below.
[0150] Preferably, the vibration support 60 comprises a lifting actuator 70, in particular a cylinder or a chain, configured to move the vibration support 60 along the support frame 20 towards the form 30a, 30b, 30c, to vibrate or away from said form at the end of the vibration generation operation.
[0151] In Figure 4 the embodiment shown, the support frame 20 comprises a vertical rail or guide 21, inside which the chain is used to move the vibration support 60 along the stacking direction "Y".
[0152] Preferably, the vertical tracks or rails 21 are isolated with respect to the oscillating movement of the vibrating support 60, to avoid damaging the support frame 20.
[0153] In the preferred embodiment, in order to perform the vibration of each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c containing liquid concrete, the support frame 20 is filled from its top with the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c, so that the vibrating support 60 can be gradually arranged below each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c as they are housed in the support frame 20.
[0154] That is, as a non-limiting example, a first formwork 30a, 30b, 30c is housed in the respective support area close to the top of the support frame 20, and a predetermined amount of concrete is dispensed by the pump 51. At the end of the dispensing, the vibrating support 60 is slid vertically so as to abut against the bottom wall 31 of the first formwork 30a, 30b, 30c. In this case, the vibrating support 60 is located in the free space of the support frame 20, i.e. in the support area of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c not occupied by any formwork 30a, 30b, 30c. In this position, the vibrating support 60 engages with the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c above it, temporarily supports it and makes it vibrate, so as to expel the air from the concrete.
[0155] Subsequently, the vibrating support 60 rests the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c again inside the support frame 20 and disengages from the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c, moving away along the stacking direction "Y".
[0156] Subsequently, a second formwork 30a, 30b, 30c is housed in the support frame 20 below the first formwork 30a, 30b, 30c and is filled with concrete.
[0157] In this case, the vibrating support 60 is again actuated to abut against the bottom wall 31 of the second formwork 30a, 30b, 30c and to cause its vibration. For each formwork 30a, 30b, 30c gradually inserted into the support frame 20 and filled with concrete, the operations of inserting the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c into the support frame 20, filling the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c and moving the vibrating support 60 are repeated.
[0158] At the end of the operations of filling the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c and the action of the vibrating support 60 on each of them, the concrete begins to dry inside the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c housed in the support frame 20.
[0159] In order to extract the concrete elements from each template 30a, 30b, 30c and / or in order to reinsert each empty template 30a, 30b, 30c into the support frame 20 for a new concrete pouring, the apparatus 100 comprises an extraction device 40.
[0160] The extraction device 40 is configured to extract at least one template 30a, 30b, 30c from the respective support area by moving the template 30a, 30b, 30c between the storage configuration and the extraction configuration at least along the extraction direction "E".
[0161] According to one aspect of the present description, the extraction device 40 has, for example as shown in Figures 1A-2 the drawing, a support base 41, preferably made in the form of two mutually parallel skids.
[0162] The extraction device 40 also has a vertically movable support platform 42 which is to be brought to the height of the template 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted (or which can reach the height of the support area in which the template 30a, 30b, 30c is to be inserted).
[0163] In practice, in use, the support platform 42 is lowered or raised parallel to the stacking direction "Y" so as to be arranged at a height equal to that of the template 30a, 30b, 30c for extraction (or insertion) from the support frame 20, in which case, during extraction (or insertion), the template 30a, 30b, 30c is gradually slid onto the support platform 42, as will be described in detail below.
[0164] Preferably, the support platform 42 comprises a pair of sliding partitions 42a, 42b which extend along opposite edges of the support platform 42 itself. The pair of sliding partitions 42a, 42b is configured to guide the template 30a, 30b so that it passes from the storage configuration to the extraction configuration or vice versa without sliding or deviating with respect to the extraction direction "E".
[0165] According to one aspect of the present description, the extraction device 40 comprises a movement mechanism 45 interposed between the support platform 42 and the support base 41, configured to raise or lower the support platform 42 so as to place it at the height of the template 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted (or possibly inserted into the respective support area).
[0166] Preferably, the movement device 45 is made in the form of a scissor lift provided with a plurality of actuators, for example hydraulic actuators, configured to allow the lifting or lowering of the support platform 42.
[0167] Preferably, the actuators for the movement of the movement device 45 are powered by the generator set 80.
[0168] Alternatively, the actuator for the movement of the mobile means 45 is powered by a dedicated motor.
[0169] In order to perform the actual extraction, and therefore to take the templates 30a, 30b, 30c from the storage configuration to the extraction configuration, the extraction means 40 comprise a gripper 43 which protrudes from the support platform 42 and is configured to engage the edge of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0170] The gripper 43 is slidably movable parallel to the extraction direction "E" of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c, in order to extract the templates 30a, 30b, 30c from the respective support area and transfer them onto the support platform 42.
[0171] The gripper 43 is also slidably movable parallel to the extraction direction "E" of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c, in order to insert the templates 30a, 30b, 30c into the respective support area, transferring them from the support platform 42 to the support area itself.
[0172] In the preferred embodiment, the gripper 43 is slidably movable within a longitudinal guide 44 obtained in the centre line of the support platform 42.
[0173] Preferably, the gripper 43 is slidably movable by means of a chain, a belt or a ball screw which extends within the longitudinal guide 44, and can be actuated by a motor, for example by the same motor which activates the actuator of the mobile means 45, or by the generator set 80.
[0174] Therefore, in use, when it is necessary to extract the templates 30a, 30b, 30c, the mobile means 45 are activated in order to take the support platform 42 to the height of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted (H1) (Fig. 2). Figure 1A 、 1B ].
[0175] Preferably, the support platform 42 is moved vertically so as to be at the same height as the bottom wall 31 of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted.
[0176] After the movement of the support platform 42, the gripper 43 is slid along the longitudinal guide 44, approaching the edge of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted, preferably the lower edge thereof, and firmly engaging it. In this case, the gripper 43 is again slid in the opposite direction with respect to the previous one, in order to drag the templates 30a, 30b, 30c with it, which are therefore extracted from the respective support area, thus entering the extraction configuration (Fig. 3). Figure 2 ].
[0177] During the extraction of the templates 30a, 30b, 30c, as Figure 2As shown, the template rests gradually on the support platform 42 until the grappling hook 43 ends its sliding movement and the entire lower wall of the template 30a, 30b, 30c is found resting on the support platform 42.
[0178] After positioning the template 30a, 30b, 30c on the support platform 42, the extraction device 40 can be removed from the containment structure 10 and, possibly, the support platform 42 can be lowered so as to be able to perform the removal of the concrete member from the template 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0179] According to another aspect of the present solution, as Figure 7A As shown, the extraction device 40 is configured to assume a folded configuration which defines a minimum hindrance. In this case, the first sub-volume "VI" has, at its lower part, a housing "A" arranged below the support area, which is intended to house the extraction device 40 in the retracted configuration.
[0180] That is, when the template 30a, 30b, 30c does not need to be extracted and / or moved from the support frame 20, the extraction device 40 is brought into the folded configuration and is inserted into the housing "A" below the support area occupied by the template 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0181] Advantageously, the possibility of inserting the extraction device 40 inside the housing "A" when not in use allows to limit the dimensions of the plant 100, making it particularly easy to manage and easy to transport towards the place where the concrete member has to be produced.
[0182] According to Figure 7A , 7B As shown in the possible embodiment, the housing "A" extends completely below the support area and at least partially below the second sub-volume "V2" along the extraction direction "E".
[0183] Preferably, the housing "A" extends below the pump 51, thus raising the pump as previously described.
[0184] Therefore, in use, during the transport of the plant 100, the extraction device 40, as well as the generator set 80 and the concrete feeding device 50, are contained within the containment volume "V" delimited by the support structure 10.
[0185] After positioning the plant 100 in the place where the production of the concrete member is intended to be performed, the feeding device 50 and the generator set 80 are extracted from the second sub-volume "V2", while the extraction device 40 in the folded configuration is extracted from the housing "A".
[0186] Preferably, the extraction is performed by sliding the extraction device 40 parallel to the extraction direction "E".
[0187] Even more preferably, the support base 41 of the extraction device 40 is slidable, in particular slidably fitted to the support frame 20, to move the extraction device 40, upon extraction from the first sub-volume "V1", to an operating position suitable for extracting the formworks 30a, 30b, 30c from the support area.
[0188] In particular, in the operating position, the extraction device 40 is aligned with the containment structure 10 along the extraction direction "E" and faces the support frame 20 in which the formworks 30a, 30b are housed.
[0189] In this case, the movement device 45 can be actuated so as to move the support platform 42 vertically, so as to bring it to the height of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c to be extracted (7A, 7B), for example to the height of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c in which the liquid concrete has been distributed by means of the pump 51. Figure 1A 、 1B
[0190] After the positioning of the support platform 42, the gripper 43 is moved to approach the edge of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c and firmly engage such edge (7C). Figure 2
[0191] Subsequently, the gripper 43 is moved in a direction opposite to the previous one, so as to drag the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c with it, which is extracted from the respective support area and gradually arranged on the support platform 42. During the extraction, the pair of sliding partitions 42a, 42b guides the formwork 30a, 30b, avoiding its sliding with respect to the extraction direction "E".
[0192] At the end of the extraction of the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c, the extraction device 40 is moved away from the containment structure 10 by means of the support base 41 and, possibly, the support platform 42 is lowered vertically, so as to allow the extraction of the concrete element from the formwork 30a, 30b, 30c.
[0193] According to one aspect of the present solution, the plant 100 can comprise a plurality of containment structures 10, each suitable for containing machines and / or plants suitable for manufacturing concrete elements.
[0194] In particular, the plant 100 can comprise a containment structure 10 for a washing and sieving plant. The plant can also comprise a containment structure 10 for a crushing and sorting plant.
[0195] The present solution achieves the proposed objects, eliminating the drawbacks that arise in the known art.
[0196] In particular, the plant 100 is compact and easy to manage, thus being particularly suitable for being transported when necessary for the production of concrete elements.
[0197] The apparatus 100 is complete in that it allows to form concrete, to pour the concrete in the forms 30a, 30b, 30c, to store the forms 30a, 30b, 30c to dry the concrete and to move such forms 30a, 30b, 30c in order to extract the obtained components, without the need of external interventions and / or the aid of further devices / structures external to the apparatus 100.
[0198] The apparatus 100 is very easy to use, reducing the human errors during the formation of the cementitious components. Therefore, this apparatus 100 is particularly suitable for less industrialized places where the labor force is almost not specialized.
[0199] That is, the apparatus 100, although it comprises by itself all the functions of a factory for cementitious products, is simple and convenient to transport where it is needed. Moreover, it is easy to use.
[0200] The possibility of filling the forms 30a, 30b, 30c inside the apparatus 100 and the possibility of storing the forms 30a, 30b, 30c inside the apparatus 100 itself allow to protect the concrete components from the external environment, while maintaining their mechanical quality.
Claims
1. A device (100) for on-site production of concrete building components, characterized in that, include: - A box-shaped receiving structure (10) adapted to convey and define a receiving volume (V), the receiving volume (V) comprising a first sub-volume (V1) and a second sub-volume (V2) placed side by side with each other. - Support frame (20), which is housed in the first sub-volume (V1) and defines a plurality of support regions that are arranged side by side with each other along the vertical stacking direction (Y); - At least two templates (30a, 30b, 30c), each template being configured to receive a predetermined amount of concrete to form at least one corresponding member, each template (30a, 30b, 30c) being slidably received in a corresponding support area of the support frame (20) to present a storage configuration and a withdrawal configuration, wherein in the storage configuration the template (30a, 30b, 30c) is inserted into the support frame (20), and in the withdrawal configuration the template (30a, 30b, 30c) is at least partially withdrawn from the support frame (20); - Extraction device (40), the extraction device being configured to extract at least one template (30a, 30b, 30c) from the respective support area by moving the template (30a, 30b, 30c) at least along the extraction direction (E) between the storage structure and the extraction structure. - A liquid concrete feeding device (50), which is at least partially arranged in the second sub-volume (V2) and configured to distribute the preset amount of concrete to each template (30a, 30b, 30c) when the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) are contained in the respective support areas, the feeding device (50) including at least one pump (51).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The containment volume (V) extends horizontally; and / or the extraction direction is horizontal; and / or the at least one pump (51) is arranged in a fixed position.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction device (40) has a support base (41) and a support platform (42) that can move vertically to reach the height of the template (30A, 30b, 30c) to be extracted, and the support platform is configured to present a folded structure with a defined minimum overall size, wherein the first sub-volume (V1) has a housing (A) in its lower part arranged on the lower side of the support area for accommodating the extraction device (40) in the folded structure.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support base (41) is slidable, in particular slidably fitted to the support frame (20), to move the extraction device (40) from the first sub-volume (V1) to an operating position suitable for extracting the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) from the support area.
5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The extraction device (40) includes a gripper (43) that protrudes from the support platform (42) and is configured to engage the edges of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c). The gripper (43) is slidably movable parallel to the extraction direction (E) of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) to extract the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) from the first sub-volume (V1) and transfer the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) onto the support platform (42).
6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes at least one vibration support (60) that is selectively associated with or capable of being associated with one of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c), particularly with or capable of being associated with the bottom wall (31) of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c), to generate vibration of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) when the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) are accommodated in the respective support areas.
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vibration support (60) is assembled to the support frame (20) and can move vertically to provide temporary support for the templates (30a, 30b, 30c).
8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vibration support (60) has a planar extension that at least partially overlaps each template (30a, 30b, 30c) and is slidably movable in the first sub-volume (V1) along the stacking direction (Y) to be arranged in the space left by the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) withdrawn from the first sub-volume (V1) and above the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) below, so as to lift the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) and cause the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) to vibrate.
9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vibration support (60) has four vertices, which are defined by lifting actuators (70), in particular cylinders or chains, with corresponding anchor points (P1, P2, P3, P4), and the vibration support (60) has an extension along the extraction direction (E) of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c) between 50% and 90% of the length of the templates (30a, 30b, 30c).
10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid concrete feeding device (50) includes a mixer or cement mixer (52) arranged in the second sub-volume (V2) and connected to the pump (51) via a connecting pipe (54), preferably of a flexible type.
11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The mixer or cement mixer (52) is operably movable outside the housing structure (10).
12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The mixer or cement mixer (52) is provided with a grid and / or box frame (53).
13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a generator set (80) configured to supply power to at least the pump (51), wherein the generator set (80) is configured to be arranged in the second sub-volume (V2).
14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The generator set (80) is operably movable outside the housing structure (10).
15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The generator set (80) is provided with a grid and / or box frame (53).
16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pump (51) can be selectively connected to each template (30a, 30b, 30c) housed in the corresponding support area via a feed pipe (51a) to distribute the preset amount of concrete into the template (30a, 30b, 30c); each template (30a, 30b, 30c) is provided with a feed opening (32a) which can be reversibly connected to the feed pipe (51a).
17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The feed tube (51a) is flexible; and / or the feed opening (32a) is located on the partition (34).
18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support frame (20) is a lattice frame and its dimensions are determined to be inserted into the receiving structure (10) for measurement.
19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each template (30a, 30b, 30c) has a can shape, the can shape having a bottom wall (31), a pair of side walls (32), and a pair of partitions (34).
20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The templates (30a, 30b, 30c) are made of metal.
21. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The containment structure (10) includes a standard-sized container.
22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that, The container is of type 20', 40', or 45'.