Rock abrupt slope alien soil spray-seeding gravel hydrophobic layer structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rock abrupt slope alien soil spray seeding gravel hydrophobic layer structure which comprises a gravel layer, a steel wire mesh layer, an alien soil layer and a vegetation layer planted on the alien soil layer which are sequentially laid on a base slope, the steel wire mesh layer is fixed through anchor rods, and an ecological framework is laid in the gravel layer. The ecological skeleton is an ecological rod, a straw rod or a bamboo chip, the zongzi gravel layer is formed by laying zongzi-shaped ceramsite, the appearance of the zongzi-shaped ceramsite is a tetrahedron-like shape with micropores inside and slightly convex and hardened outside, and the particle sizes of the zongzi-shaped ceramsite are respectively 10-25mm, 8-12mm and 6-8mm. The gravel layer is used as a high and steep side slope alien soil seepage cushion layer, and the reed-shaped gravel can construct a relatively stable light gravel layer between the waterproof bed rock and the alien soil layer by means of the anchor rod steel wire mesh framework, so that moisture can be preserved, water can be drained, and soil and roots can be fixed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a hydrophobic layer structure for topsoil spraying on steep rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Soil hydroseeding is an effective technical solution for the ecological restoration of high and steep slopes. It typically employs anchor bolts and wire mesh as a soil stabilization framework, with soil barriers such as eco-sticks, straw sticks, and bamboo strips underneath. However, failures such as soil slippage and sliding still occur. The reason is that rocky slopes have poor permeability, easily leading to the formation of a supersaturated soil layer between the slope and the soil layer, reducing internal friction and ultimately causing slippage or sliding, or even the formation of subsurface flows that erode the underlying soil layer, resulting in project failure and restoration failure.

[0003] Using industrial and mining solid waste to produce ceramsite has the advantages of being lightweight and having moderate hardness, making it one of the solutions for the conversion and utilization of solid waste. However, existing ceramsite is basically oval or near-spherical in shape, and compared with pebbles, its only advantage is its lightness; compared with gravel, apart from being lightweight, its physical and chemical properties are not particularly special. Existing ceramsite, apart from its applications in lightweight building aggregates and permeable fillers, has limited room for expansion into other application areas.

[0004] Hydroseeding with netting is one of the main engineering techniques for slope revegetation projects. However, it requires a high degree of slope flatness, and steep, bedding rock slopes are prone to soil slippage and detachment after construction due to saturation and water retention in the bottom layer. Therefore, it is necessary to study a water-saving and soil-retaining measure. Drawing inspiration from the drainage system of expanded clay pebbles used in flower planting to prevent root rot caused by oversaturation of the bottom soil, a tetrahedral, dumpling-shaped expanded clay pebble layer is created to construct a highly permeable, biomimetic gravel layer on the surface of the rock slope, thus inhibiting soil detachment during hydroseeding. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a hydrophobic gravel layer structure for topsoil spraying on steep rock slopes. By creating tetrahedral shaped gravel, a biomimetic gravel layer with good permeability is constructed on the surface of the rock slope. Its accumulation stability is far superior to that of weathered gravel layers. This allows the topsoil layer sprayed with topsoil to form a composite topsoil layer with shaped gravel on the rock slope, thereby solving the two major problems of topsoil drainage and slope stabilization. In the process of ecological restoration, this invention achieves the technological goal of resource transformation from waste to treasure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a hydrophobic layer structure for topsoil spraying on steep rock slopes, comprising a gravel layer, a wire mesh layer, a topsoil layer, and a vegetation layer planted on the topsoil layer, laid sequentially on the slope. The wire mesh layer is fixed by anchor bolts. An ecological framework is laid inside the gravel layer, which can be an ecological rod, straw rod, or bamboo strip. The gravel layer is made of zongzi-shaped expanded clay granules, which are tetrahedral in shape with internal micropores and a slightly convex, hardened exterior. The zongzi-shaped expanded clay granules have three particle size grades: 10–25 mm, 8–12 mm, and 6–8 mm.

[0007] Preferably, the thickness of the zongzi gravel layer is 3 to 5 centimeters.

[0008] Preferably, the volume percentages of the three gravel sizes (10-25mm, 8-12mm, and 6-8mm) of the zongzi-shaped ceramsite in the zongzi gravel layer are 10%-20%, 40%-50%, and 30%-40%, respectively.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0010] The ceramic gravel drainage layer structure of this invention utilizes a tetrahedral, zongzi-shaped structure. This structure retains the common properties of porous cores and hard outer shells of general ceramic particles and the lightweight nature of their constituent materials, while also possessing unique characteristics such as resistance to tumbling, stable accumulation, and adjustable porosity. Using this zongzi-shaped gravel layer as a seepage cushion for topsoil on steep slopes, the gravel can construct a relatively stable lightweight gravel layer between the impermeable bedrock and the topsoil layer using an anchor wire mesh framework. This layer effectively retains moisture and drains water, while also stabilizing the soil and roots. This achieves the technological goal of resource transformation—using waste to treat waste and turning waste into treasure—during ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrophobic layer for topsoil spraying onto a steep rock slope;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shape of a rice dumpling-shaped ceramic pellet. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] This utility model provides a hydrophobic layer structure for topsoil spraying on steep rock slopes, comprising a gravel layer 2, a wire mesh layer 3, a topsoil layer 4, and a vegetation layer 5 planted on the topsoil layer 4, laid sequentially on the base slope 1. The wire mesh layer 3 is fixed by anchor bolts 6. An ecological framework 7 is laid inside the gravel layer 2. The ecological framework 7 is an ecological rod, straw rod, or bamboo strip. The gravel layer 2 is made of zongzi-shaped ceramsite. The zongzi-shaped ceramsite has a tetrahedral shape with internal micropores and a slightly convex hardened exterior. The zongzi-shaped ceramsite has three gravel diameter grades: 10-25 mm, 8-12 mm, and 6-8 mm.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, firstly, an ecological framework 7, such as ecological sticks / straw sticks / bamboo strips, is set up on the base slope 1, and a wire mesh layer 3 is laid and fixed with anchor rods 6; then, a zongzi-shaped gravel layer, namely the zongzi gravel layer 2, is laid; a topsoil layer 4 containing shrub seeds is sprayed on the wire mesh layer 3 and the zongzi gravel layer 2; herbaceous plants are sprayed and planted on the topsoil layer 4 to form the vegetation layer 5, ultimately forming a near-natural mountain forest soil and vegetation community with topsoil leaching and a combination of grass and shrubs.

[0017] The zongzi-shaped ceramic pebbles used in layer 2 are manufactured using a roller granulation and firing technique. The prepared high-moisture powder is granulated using roller presses to form tetrahedral pebble embryos. The firing process produces artificial ceramic pebbles with internal micropores and externally convex, hardened zongzi-shaped particles. These zongzi-shaped ceramic pebbles have a rounded, tetrahedral structure, with four arc-shaped triangular faces, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The gravel is divided into three sizes: large, medium, and small. The gravel diameter is the diameter of a tetrahedral circumsphere, with large, medium, and small gravels measuring 10–25 mm, 8–12 mm, and 6–8 mm, respectively. The thickness and proportion of the gravel layer are determined based on the slope and elevation of the rock slope. The gravel layer is 3–5 cm thick, with large, medium, and small gravels accounting for 10%–20%, 40%–50%, and 30%–40% of the total, respectively, to form deposits with different permeabilities and porosities.

[0018] As a seepage cushion layer for topsoil on steep slopes, the zongzi-shaped gravel can form a relatively stable lightweight gravel layer between the impermeable bedrock and the topsoil layer with the help of anchor bolts and wire mesh framework. This can both retain moisture and drain water, and also stabilize the soil and roots.

[0019] The hydrophobic layer structure of this utility model can be constructed by referring to the following steps:

[0020] (1) First, ecological rods are set up and wire mesh is laid on the rock slope and fixed with anchor rods;

[0021] (2) Then, a 3 cm thick layer of terracotta gravel is laid. The gravel diameter is 10%, 50%, and 40% of the gravel, respectively. The terracotta gravel layer is reinforced to stabilize the soil and drain water from the rock surface, eliminate the friction in the saturated water-holding layer, and reduce the problem of leakage.

[0022] (3) Spray a layer of topsoil containing shrub seeds onto the wire mesh and the zongzi-shaped gravel layer;

[0023] (4) Spraying herbaceous plants onto the topsoil layer to achieve a near-natural forest soil and vegetation community that combines topsoil leaching and grass and shrubs.

[0024] The ceramic gravel drainage layer structure of this invention utilizes a tetrahedral, zongzi-shaped structure. This structure retains the common properties of porous cores and hard outer shells of general ceramic particles and the lightweight nature of their constituent materials, while also possessing unique characteristics such as resistance to tumbling, stable accumulation, and adjustable porosity. Using this zongzi-shaped gravel layer as a seepage cushion for topsoil on steep slopes, the gravel can construct a relatively stable lightweight gravel layer between the impermeable bedrock and the topsoil layer using an anchor wire mesh framework. This layer effectively retains moisture and drains water, while also stabilizing the soil and roots. This achieves the technological goal of resource transformation—using waste to treat waste and turning waste into treasure—during ecological restoration.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of this utility model or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of this utility model, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solution claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A hydrophobic layer structure for topsoil spraying on steep rock slopes, characterized in that: The structure includes a gravel layer (2), a wire mesh layer (3), a topsoil layer (4), and a vegetation layer (5) planted on the topsoil layer (4) laid sequentially on the base slope (1). The wire mesh layer (3) is fixed by anchor rods (6). An ecological framework (7) is laid inside the gravel layer (2). The ecological framework (7) is an ecological rod, straw rod, or bamboo strip. The gravel layer (2) is made of zongzi-shaped ceramsite. The zongzi-shaped ceramsite has a tetrahedral shape with internal micropores and external convex hardening. The zongzi-shaped ceramsite has three gravel diameter grades: 10-25mm, 8-12mm, and 6-8mm.

2. The ceramic gravel hydrophobic layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the zongzi gravel layer (2) is 3 to 5 centimeters.

3. The ceramic gravel hydrophobic layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the zongzi gravel layer (2), the volume percentages of zongzi-shaped ceramic particles with three gravel sizes of 10-25mm, 8-12mm, and 6-8mm are 10%-20%, 40%-50%, and 30%-40%, respectively.

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