Electric energy distribution circuit
By using MOSFETs as switching circuits in electronic devices, the complexity of switching between multiple power types is solved, enabling fast and prioritized power supply switching and reducing hardware costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422911173.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing electronic devices lack dedicated power switching and power-on logic when connected to multiple power types, and the switching of multiple power types usually relies on program control and additional chips, resulting in complex design and high hardware costs.
Using a field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as the switching circuit, priority switching between multiple power supply interfaces is achieved through voltage difference control, simplifying the circuit design and avoiding the use of additional chips.
It enables fast, priority power switching between multiple power supply interfaces, reducing hardware costs and improving manufacturing efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223553058U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power distribution technology, and more specifically, to a power distribution circuit. Background Technology
[0002] In certain specific application scenarios and environmental conditions, some electronic devices have multiple types of power supply methods. Currently, the most common type of electronic product on the market is the dual power supply mode, which mainly uses two power supply types to achieve power supply complementarity. In addition, the existing power switching implementation methods in this field are mostly based on the dual power supply requirements and use ideal diode solutions of integrated circuits.
[0003] However, when electronic devices can connect to multiple power sources such as PoE, USB, and adapters, some common electronic devices currently lack dedicated switching and power-on logic for two power sources. This is because two power sources are relatively simple and play a complementary role in power supply, so there is no need to consider power supply switching in many cases. Furthermore, even if there are electronic products that involve switching between multiple power supply types, most of them are controlled by programs and integrated into the product program algorithm, which is difficult to detect, and require additional chips for switching control. Utility Model Content
[0004] This invention provides an electrical power distribution circuit that can overcome some or all of the defects of the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution, which includes:
[0006] A power distribution circuit, comprising:
[0007] A power supply interface group, comprising a first power supply interface and a second power supply interface, both of which are used to supply power to the load; and
[0008] A switching circuit is provided between the power supply interface group and the load. The switching circuit is used to cut off the power supply from the first power supply interface to the load when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface are supplying power to the load together.
[0009] Based on the above, it is possible to better select the higher-priority second power supply interface to supply power to the load when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface supply power to the load at the same time.
[0010] Preferably, the switching circuit includes a field-effect transistor Q1, the gate of which is electrically connected to the second power supply interface, and the drain of which is electrically connected to the first power supply interface; the voltage difference between the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface is less than the threshold voltage of the field-effect transistor Q1.
[0011] Based on the above, the field-effect transistor can be kept in the off state when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface supply power to the load at the same time, thereby cutting off the power supply from the first power supply interface at the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1 to the load, and keeping the power supply from the second power supply interface at the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 to the load, thus achieving a better fast switching of the power supply interface.
[0012] Preferably, a Zener diode D2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, it can better stabilize the voltage in the circuit.
[0013] Preferably, a protective resistor R2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. This ensures a better bias voltage is provided to the field-effect transistor, guaranteeing that Q1 remains stable during driving.
[0014] Preferably, a reverse protection diode D1 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, it can better protect the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 from the effects of excessive voltage.
[0015] Preferably, the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded through a pull-down resistor R1.
[0016] Therefore, it can better ensure that the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is kept at a low level when it is not activated.
[0017] Preferably, the first power supply interface is a battery power supply interface.
[0018] Preferably, the second power supply interface is a USB power supply interface.
[0019] Based on the above, it is possible to better enable the load to be powered by the electrical energy received by the USB power interface when both USB power and battery power are present. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of an electrical power distribution circuit according to Example 1. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To further understand the content of this utility model, a detailed description of the utility model is provided in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the utility model.
[0022] Example 1
[0023] Due to different application scenarios and environmental conditions, some electronic devices have multiple power supply methods. Currently, the most common power supply mode in electronic products on the market is dual power supply, which mainly uses two power supply types to achieve power supply complementarity. However, when electronic devices have more power supply possibilities, such as an electronic device that can connect to multiple types of power sources such as PoE, USB, and adapters, the existing power supply solutions for switching between multiple power types are mostly controlled by programs and integrated into the product program algorithms, which are difficult to detect. This requires additional hardware costs such as chips to achieve power switching.
[0024] Therefore, this embodiment provides a power distribution circuit that achieves switching between battery power and USB power in a device through a circuit built from electronic components and / or discrete devices. The selection is made smoothly according to power supply priority, eliminating the need for a separate chip. Figure 1 As shown, it includes:
[0025] The power supply interface group includes a first power supply interface and a second power supply interface, both of which are used to supply power to the load. To visually represent the power transmission path when the first and second power supply interfaces supply power to the load, the load in this embodiment is... Figure 1 The resistor R3 in the figure represents; and
[0026] A switching circuit is provided between the power supply interface group and the load. The switching circuit is used to cut off the power supply from the first power supply interface to the load when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface are supplying power to the load together.
[0027] Based on the above, it is possible to better select the higher-priority second power supply interface to supply power to the load when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface supply power to the load at the same time.
[0028] In this embodiment, the switching circuit includes a field-effect transistor Q1, which can be a MOSFET. The gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the second power supply interface, and the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first power supply interface.
[0029] The voltage difference between the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface is less than the threshold voltage of the field-effect transistor Q1.
[0030] Based on the above, the field-effect transistor can be kept in the off state when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface supply power to the load at the same time, thereby cutting off the power supply from the first power supply interface at the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1 to the load, and keeping the power supply from the second power supply interface at the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 to the load, thus achieving a better fast switching of the power supply interface.
[0031] In this embodiment, a Zener diode D2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, the voltage in the circuit can be stabilized more effectively.
[0032] In this embodiment, a protective resistor R2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, it is possible to provide a bias voltage for the field-effect transistor to ensure that the field-effect transistor Q1 remains stable during the driving process.
[0033] In this embodiment, a reverse protection diode D1 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, it can effectively protect the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 from the effects of excessive voltage.
[0034] In this embodiment, the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded through a pull-down resistor R1.
[0035] Therefore, it can better ensure that the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is kept at a low level when it is not activated.
[0036] In this embodiment, the first power supply interface is a battery power supply interface, and the battery power supply interface is... Figure 1 VBAT in Chinese.
[0037] In this embodiment, the second power supply interface is a USB power supply interface. Figure 1 VDD in the middle.
[0038] Based on the above, it is possible to better enable the load to be powered by the electrical energy received by the USB power interface when both USB power and battery power are present.
[0039] In this embodiment, when only battery power is supplied, resistor R1 is grounded (at this time Va=0V), which pulls the gate of field-effect transistor Q1 low. At this time, field-effect transistor Q1 is turned on (i.e. Vb-Va is greater than the threshold voltage of field-effect transistor Q1), and power is supplied to the load through the battery power supply interface.
[0040] When both battery power and USB power are present, the USB power supply pulls the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 high (i.e., Va=VDD). At this time, the field-effect transistor Q1 is turned off (i.e., Vb-Va is less than the threshold voltage of the field-effect transistor Q1). The load is powered by the USB power interface through the anti-reverse diode D1. When both USB power and battery power are present, the USB power supply is selected first, and the load is powered by the power from the USB power interface.
[0041] Based on the above, this embodiment can better realize the switching of electronic devices between battery power and USB power, select the power supply according to the priority of the power supply interface, and no longer requires a chip to implement it, which simplifies circuit design, improves manufacturing efficiency, and reduces hardware costs.
[0042] It is readily understood that those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments provided in this application to obtain other embodiments, all of which do not exceed the protection scope of this application.
[0043] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited to this. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A power distribution circuit, characterized in that, include: A power supply interface group, which includes a first power supply interface and a second power supply interface, both of which are used to supply power to the load; as well as A switching circuit is provided between the power supply interface group and the load. The switching circuit is used to cut off the power supply from the first power supply interface to the load when the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface are supplying power to the load together.
2. The power distribution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching circuit includes a field-effect transistor Q1, the gate of which is electrically connected to the second power supply interface, and the drain of which is electrically connected to the first power supply interface; the voltage difference between the first power supply interface and the second power supply interface is less than the threshold voltage of the field-effect transistor Q1.
3. The power distribution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: A Zener diode D2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1.
4. The power distribution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: A protective resistor R2 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1.
5. The power distribution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: A reverse protection diode D1 is provided between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor Q1.
6. The power distribution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded through a pull-down resistor R1.
7. The power distribution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power supply interface is a battery power supply interface.
8. The power distribution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second power supply interface is a USB power supply interface.