Tunnel prefabricated side wall and tunnel

Abstract

The tunnel prefabricated side wall is formed by splicing a plurality of splicing pieces, each splicing piece comprises a concrete pouring layer and a steel plate layer in the thickness direction of the splicing piece, the steel plate layer is arranged on the inner side of the concrete pouring layer, the steel plate layer is provided with an arc-shaped inner edge, and the two sides of the inner edge are connected with a flange and a waterproof plate correspondingly; the flanges extend towards the inner side of the steel plate layer, the waterproof plates extend towards the outer side of the steel plate layer, the flanges on the multiple splicing pieces are sequentially connected to form a flange ring, the waterproof plates on the multiple splicing pieces are sequentially connected to form a waterproof ring, the steel plate layer is arranged on the concrete pouring layer outside the flange ring, and the waterproof plates are embedded in the concrete pouring layer. The waterproof plates are arranged on the inner sides of the steel plate layers of all the splicing pieces to form the waterproof rings, the waterproof barrier of the side wall of the tunnel is effectively enhanced, the waterproof plates are embedded in the concrete pouring layer, permeation of outside water through splicing gaps is prevented, and double waterproof protection is formed through the waterproof performance of concrete.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnels, in particular to a tunnel prefabricated side wall and a tunnel. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the vigorous development of global infrastructure and the continuous progress of technology, the construction method of subway connecting passages is also constantly innovating and optimizing. Traditional subway connecting passage construction mostly adopts the freezing method. Although this method can meet the construction requirements to a certain extent, it has a long construction period, high cost, and greater impact on the environment. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of functional equipment, mechanical method construction has gradually become the mainstream method of subway connecting passage construction.

[0003] Mechanical method construction realizes full mechanized operation, effectively improves construction efficiency, and significantly improves construction safety through isolation from external water and soil. However, mechanical method construction also faces some challenges, especially the sealing and water stopping problem in the construction process. Sealing and water stopping is particularly critical at the starting and receiving openings of the subway connecting passage, because any leakage can have a serious impact on the stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0004] In order to solve the sealing and water stopping problem, the current mechanical method connecting passage adopts two kinds of tunneling equipment, namely pipe jacking type and shield type. Both of these two tunneling equipment need to use specially prefabricated segments to build the structure of the tunnel during construction. The material of the special segment not only needs to meet the cutting requirements of the tunneling machine, but also needs to ensure that other segments outside the opening are not damaged during cutting to ensure the overall stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0005] In underground engineering construction, it is crucial to avoid groundwater leakage. Therefore, the starting and receiving openings of the mechanical method connecting passage adopt the method of connecting the sleeve to the special segment. However, the current connection between the sleeve and the special segment mainly adopts the welding method. Although welding connection can ensure the firmness of the connection to a certain extent, a large amount of heat will be generated during the welding process, which will be conducted to the pre-embedded steel plate on the surface of the special segment, causing cracks between the steel plate and the concrete. These cracks may become channels for groundwater leakage during the construction process and later use of the mechanical method connecting passage, posing a serious threat to the stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0006] More difficultly, since these cracks are located on the back of the steel plate, it is extremely difficult to seal them up. Once groundwater seeps into the tunnel through these cracks, it will not only affect the normal use of the tunnel, but also may cause a series of safety problems. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing segment connection method to avoid damage to the special segment caused by heat generated during welding. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel prefabricated side wall which can seal the water stop problem.

[0008] The above-mentioned purpose of the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A tunnel prefabricated side wall is formed by splicing a plurality of splicing pieces, each of which comprises a concrete pouring layer and a steel plate layer along the thickness direction thereof, the steel plate layer is arranged on the inner side of the concrete pouring layer, the steel plate layer has an arc-shaped inner edge, flanges and waterproof plates are connected to the two sides of the inner edge respectively, the flanges extend to the inner side of the steel plate layer, the waterproof plates extend to the outer side of the steel plate layer, the flanges on a plurality of splicing pieces are sequentially connected to form a flange ring, the waterproof plates on a plurality of splicing pieces are sequentially connected to form a waterproof ring, the steel plate layer is arranged on the concrete pouring layer outside the flange ring, and the waterproof plates are embedded in the concrete pouring layer.

[0010] The present application is further provided with corresponding embedded connecting pieces on adjacent splicing pieces, and threaded holes are arranged on the embedded connecting pieces.

[0011] The present application is further provided with a concrete matrix and embedded steel bars in the concrete pouring layer, and the steel bars are arranged outside the flange ring.

[0012] The present application is further provided with welded connection between the steel bars and the steel plate layer.

[0013] The present application is further provided with different sizes of a plurality of splicing pieces, and adjacent two splicing pieces are mutually attached.

[0014] A tunnel comprising the above-mentioned tunnel prefabricated side wall.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present application are:

[0016] 1. The present application sets a waterproof plate on the inner side of the steel plate layer of each splicing piece to form a waterproof ring, effectively enhancing the waterproof barrier of the tunnel side wall, and the waterproof plate is embedded in the concrete pouring layer, which not only prevents the penetration of external water through the splicing gap, but also forms double waterproof protection by utilizing the waterproof performance of the concrete itself.

[0017] 2. The present application solves the problem of cracks between the steel plate and the concrete caused by heat conduction in the traditional welding connection method by using a plurality of splicing pieces, avoids the risk of groundwater leakage, and ensures the long-term stability and safety of the tunnel structure.

[0018] 3. The application adopts splicing pieces, so that the tunnel side wall can be prefabricated in the factory, and only simple splicing and installation are needed on site, which greatly shortens the construction period. At the same time, complex welding operations are avoided, safety hazards in the construction process are reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the combined state of the tunnel prefabricated side wall.

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the separated state of the tunnel prefabricated side wall.

[0021] Figure 3 is a side view of the tunnel prefabricated side wall.

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the back of the splicing piece.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1, splicing piece; 11, steel plate layer; 111, inner edge; 112, flange; 113, waterproof plate; 12, concrete pouring layer; 2, embedded connecting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] As shown in Figures 1-4 , a tunnel prefabricated side wall is formed by splicing a plurality of splicing pieces 1, each splicing piece 1 includes a concrete pouring layer 12 and a steel plate layer 11 in the thickness direction of the splicing piece 1, and the steel plate layer 11 is arranged on the inner side of the concrete pouring layer 12. The thickness direction of the splicing piece 1 is the radial direction of the tunnel, and the concrete pouring layer 12 and the steel plate layer 11 form a stacked structure as shown in Figure 3 .

[0026] It is worth noting that the tunnel is arc-shaped, and the inside is the inner side and the outside is the outer side. The tunnel prefabricated side wall is at least arc-shaped as a side wall of a section of the tunnel, and the direction close to the center of the arc is the inner side, and the direction away from the center of the arc is the outer side. Specifically, Figure 4 the inner side is the left lower corner, and the outer side is the right upper corner.

[0027] The steel plate layer 11 has an arc-shaped inner edge 111, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 . Figure 1 is a view from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, Figure 1 the left-right direction in Figure 1 is the axial direction of the tunnel, and the tunnel prefabricated side wall is arc-shaped, Figure 3 is a side view, that is, from Figure 1As seen from above, the inner edge 111 of the steel plate is arc-shaped in the plane, with reference to Figure 3 The splicing sheet 1 is curved outward in an arc shape, so the inner edge 111 is curved in the Figure 1 direction perpendicular to the plane.

[0028] The inner edge 111 is connected with a flange 112 and a waterproof plate 113 on both sides, the flange 112 extends to the inner side of the steel plate layer 11, that is Figure 3 the left side direction; the waterproof plate 113 extends to the outer side of the steel plate layer 11, that is Figure 3 the right side direction, so the waterproof plate 113 enters the inside of the concrete pouring layer 12.

[0029] The concrete pouring layer 12 includes a concrete matrix and embedded steel bars, in the process, first connect the steel layer plate and the waterproof plate 113 and the steel layer plate and the flange 112, and then make the steel bars, weld between the steel plate layer 11 and the steel bars, weld between the waterproof plate 113 and the steel bars, and finally pour the concrete matrix.

[0030] The steel bars are distributed according to the predetermined layout and density to enhance the structural strength and carrying capacity of the layer. The steel bars include longitudinal steel bars and transverse steel bars, which are interwoven into a mesh structure to further improve the overall shear strength and bending capacity.

[0031] During the pouring process of the reinforced concrete layer, specific admixtures are also added to the concrete to improve the fluidity, durability or strength characteristics of the concrete, such as water-reducing agents, anti-permeation agents or reinforcing agents, etc., to optimize the performance of the concrete.

[0032] The tunnel prefabricated side wall adopts the laminated structure of the steel plate layer 11 and the concrete pouring layer 12, the steel plate layer 11 is located on the inner side, effectively enhancing the lateral pressure resistance and overall stiffness of the side wall. The arc-shaped design of the inner edge 111 of the steel plate layer 11 matches the tunnel arch shape, making the side wall more conforming to the tunnel shape and improving the stability and carrying capacity of the structure. The steel bars are embedded in the concrete pouring layer 12 in a mesh structure, significantly enhancing the shear strength and bending capacity of the concrete matrix, further improving the overall performance of the side wall.

[0033] The waterproof plate 113 is directly connected to the outer side of the steel plate layer 11 and extends into the concrete pouring layer 12, forming an effective waterproof barrier. The welded connection between the waterproof plate 113 and the steel bars ensures the continuity and integrity of the waterproof layer, effectively preventing the penetration of underground water.

[0034] The tunnel prefabricated side wall is designed by using splicing pieces 1, which realizes factory prefabrication and rapid on-site splicing, greatly shortening the construction period. The connection between the splicing pieces 1 uses flanges 112 and waterproof plates 113, avoiding complex welding operations and reducing construction difficulty and safety risks. The design of the splicing pieces 1 makes the replacement and repair of individual splicing pieces 1 simple and fast, reducing maintenance cost and difficulty.

[0035] Further, the flanges 112 on the plurality of splicing pieces 1 are sequentially connected to form a flange ring, which is used to connect with the sleeve. Underground engineering construction needs to avoid groundwater leakage, and the mechanical method connection channel starts and receives using a sleeve. The sleeve is connected with a special pipe piece, and the connection between the sleeve and the special pipe piece currently uses welding connection. However, the use of flanges 112 can avoid welding, and in an preferred embodiment, a plurality of threaded holes are provided on the flange 112, and a sleeve is fixed on the flange 112 by using bolts and nuts. Heat conduction caused by welding is avoided, and the structure is more stable.

[0036] The waterproof plates 113 on the plurality of splicing pieces 1 are sequentially connected to form a waterproof ring, and the waterproof plates 113 are embedded in the concrete pouring layer 12. The waterproof plates 113 are embedded in the concrete pouring layer 12, which not only prevents external water from penetrating through the splicing gap, but also utilizes the waterproof performance of the concrete itself to form double waterproof protection.

[0037] The steel plate layer 11 is provided on the concrete pouring layer 12 outside the flange ring, as shown in Figure 1 The concrete pouring layer 12 inside the flange ring is not covered by the steel plate layer 11, while the concrete pouring layer 12 outside the flange ring is covered by the steel plate layer 11, because the concrete pouring layer 12 inside the flange ring needs to be broken to place the sleeve during use.

[0038] Further, preferably, the steel bars are provided outside the flange ring to facilitate breaking the concrete pouring layer 12. The reason why the concrete pouring layer 12 is retained inside the flange ring is to facilitate the connection between the plurality of splicing pieces 1 during assembly. The sizes of the plurality of splicing pieces are different, and the adjacent two splicing pieces are attached to each other.

[0039] Preferably, glass fiber reinforced steel bars are provided at the positions of the concrete pouring layer 12 that need to be broken, facilitating cutting and improving the strength of the area during pouring and installation.

[0040] The steel bars connected with the steel plate layer 11 and the steel bars connected with the waterproof ring use anchor steel bars to increase the bonding force between the steel plate and the concrete, preventing cracks from forming after the concrete is solidified.

[0041] It is worth noting that the adjacent splicing pieces 1 are provided with corresponding embedded connecting pieces 2, and the embedded connecting pieces 2 are provided with threaded holes. The adjacent two splicing pieces 1 are also fixed by bolts.

[0042] AsFigure 1 As shown, part of the embedded connecting piece 2 is arranged on the steel plate layer 11, and part of the embedded connecting piece 2 is arranged on the concrete pouring layer 12.

[0043] The design of the flange ring fixes the sleeve on the flange 112 through bolts and nuts, avoiding the heat conduction and structural deformation problems that may be caused by traditional welding connection, making the structure more stable and able to withstand greater load and vibration.

[0044] The waterproof plates 113 are connected in sequence to form a waterproof ring and are embedded in the concrete pouring layer 12, which not only prevents external water from penetrating through the joint gap, but also utilizes the waterproof performance of concrete itself to form a double waterproof barrier, ensuring the long-term waterproof effect of the tunnel side wall.

[0045] The use of embedded connecting pieces 2 and bolt connections simplifies the splicing process, reduces construction difficulty and safety risk, and improves construction efficiency. The design of the splicing piece 1 makes it easy and fast to replace and repair individual splicing pieces 1, reducing maintenance cost and difficulty. The connection between the waterproof plate 113 and the steel bar makes it easier to inspect and repair the waterproof layer, ensuring the continuous effectiveness of the tunnel waterproof system.

[0046] Corresponding embedded connecting pieces 2 are arranged on adjacent splicing pieces 1 and are fixed through bolts, which not only improves the splicing accuracy but also enhances the stability of the connection points, ensuring the overall performance of the tunnel side wall.

[0047] The application also relates to a tunnel using the tunnel prefabricated side wall, and the tunnel prefabricated side wall is suitable for mechanical method connection channel construction in a shield tunnel.

[0048] The embodiments of the specific implementation mode are preferred embodiments of the utility model, and do not limit the protection scope of the utility model, so that: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the utility model should be covered within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A precast tunnel sidewall, characterized in that, Formed by splicing multiple splicing pieces (1), each splicing piece (1) includes a concrete pouring layer (12) and a steel plate layer (11) along its own thickness direction. The steel plate layer (11) is located inside the concrete pouring layer (12). The steel plate layer (11) has an arc-shaped inner edge (111). Flanges (112) and waterproof membranes (113) are respectively connected to both sides of the inner edge (111). The flanges (112) extend towards the steel plate layer (11). The waterproof membrane (113) extends to the inside of the steel plate layer (11), and the flanges (112) on the multiple splicing pieces (1) are connected in sequence to form a flange ring. The waterproof membranes (113) on the multiple splicing pieces (1) are connected in sequence to form a waterproof ring. The steel plate layer (11) is located on the concrete pouring layer (12) outside the flange ring, and the waterproof membrane (113) is embedded in the concrete pouring layer (12).

2. The precast tunnel sidewall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent splicing pieces (1) are provided with corresponding pre-embedded connectors (2), and the pre-embedded connectors (2) are provided with threaded holes.

3. The precast tunnel sidewall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete pouring layer (12) includes a concrete matrix and reinforcing bars embedded therein, the reinforcing bars being located outside the flange ring.

4. The precast tunnel sidewall according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reinforcing bars are welded to the steel plate layer (11).

5. The precast tunnel sidewall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The various splicing pieces are all of different sizes, and adjacent splicing pieces are fitted together.

6. A tunnel, characterized in that, Includes the precast tunnel sidewall as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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