Device for preparing activated carbon by asphalt spray carbonization

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for preparing activated carbon by spray carbonization of asphalt. The device comprises a spray carbonization tower, a product cooler, a gas-solid separator, a washing tower and a liquid separation tank, a feeding hole of the spray carbonization tower is respectively connected with the asphalt raw material pump and the hot blast stove, and the hot blast stove is used for heating inert gas and combustion gas and conveying the inert gas and the combustion gas into the spray carbonization tower; a discharge hole of the spray carbonization tower is respectively connected with the product cooler and the gas-solid separator; the product cooler and the gas-solid separator are also connected with each other; a discharge port of the gas-solid separator is connected with the washing tower, and the washing tower is connected with the liquid separation tank; a tail gas treatment system is also arranged on the liquid separation tank; according to the device, the asphalt can be effectively utilized, and the asphalt can be converted into activated carbon which is suitable for being used as an electrode material of a supercapacitor.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of activated carbon preparation, in particular to a device for preparing activated carbon by spraying and carbonizing pitch. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularization of electric vehicles, the key component of electric vehicles is a power supply system capable of providing high specific energy and high specific power. The basic requirements of the power supply system of electric vehicles are: long service life, high pulse large current charging and discharging, high specific energy, high energy recovery rate, etc. The power supply should also be cheap and environmentally friendly to meet the use requirements of consumers. Currently, the commonly used batteries will cause internal heating and temperature rise when discharging at a large pulse current or when rapidly charging, which reduces the service life of the battery and even causes danger. Supercapacitors are a new type of energy device that has appeared in recent years. High specific energy and high specific power supercapacitors not only have potential applications in electric vehicles, but also will be widely used in communication, industry and other fields as backup power and independent power.

[0003] There are still many problems with carbon-based supercapacitor carbon electrode materials, which need to be further improved. Developing new activated carbon raw materials and activation technologies is very meaningful for improving the performance of carbon-based supercapacitors.

[0004] For activated carbon materials, the main parameters affecting their performance are specific surface area, surface functional groups, pore size and distribution, etc. These parameters are largely dependent on the device for preparing activated carbon. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new activated carbon preparation devices that are suitable for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

[0005] Coal pitch and petroleum pitch are directly used as boiler fuel and gasification raw materials without treatment, and the high value-added utilization potential of pitch has not been realized, resulting in waste of resources. How to effectively utilize pitch has become an urgent problem to be solved at the present stage. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present application aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provides a device for preparing activated carbon by spraying and carbonizing pitch, which can effectively utilize pitch and convert it into activated carbon suitable for use as electrode material for supercapacitors.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a device for preparing activated carbon by spraying and carbonizing asphalt, which comprises a spraying and carbonizing tower, a product cooler, a gas-solid separator, a washing tower and a liquid separator; the feeding ports of the spraying and carbonizing tower are connected with the asphalt raw material pump and the hot blast furnace respectively, the hot blast furnace is used for heating inert gas and combustion gas and delivering them into the spraying and carbonizing tower; the discharging ports of the spraying and carbonizing tower are connected with the product cooler and the gas-solid separator respectively; the product cooler and the gas-solid separator are also connected with each other; the discharging port of the gas-solid separator is connected with the washing tower, and the washing tower is connected with the liquid separator; the liquid separator is further provided with a tail gas treatment system.

[0008] With the above structure, the device of the present application can pump the asphalt raw material into the spraying and carbonizing tower through the raw material pump, and heat the inert gas and combustion gas through the hot blast furnace and then deliver them into the spraying and carbonizing tower as heat medium, so that the asphalt raw material is repeatedly sprayed and carbonized in the spraying and carbonizing tower to form carbon particles, in addition to a small amount of cracked oil gas, inert gas and other media; the carbon particles enter the product cooler for collection and cooling, and the cracked oil gas, inert gas and other media enter the gas-solid separator for gas-solid separation, the separated solids enter the product cooler again for collection and cooling, and the separated gas enters the washing tower for cleaning and then enters the liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, and the separated gas is discharged after being treated by the tail gas treatment system; the device can convert the asphalt raw material into activated carbon, and the waste gas and waste liquid generated can be fully treated and recovered or discharged up to standard; the activated carbon obtained by the spraying and carbonizing tower is suitable for use as electrode material of supercapacitor.

[0009] Further, the washing tower is further connected with a washing liquid circulating pump and a washing liquid cooler, the washing liquid circulating pump is connected with the liquid outlet of the washing tower through a pipeline, and one end of the washing liquid cooler is connected with the outlet of the washing liquid circulating pump through a pipeline and the other end is connected with the liquid inlet of the washing tower through a pipeline; with this structure, the washing liquid obtained in the washing tower can be washed repeatedly, effectively realizing purification and making the components of the gas discharged from the washing tower more pure.

[0010] Still further, a filter is arranged between the washing liquid cooler and the liquid inlet of the washing tower; with this structure, the solid particles, i.e. carbon particles, in the washing liquid can be effectively filtered and separated by the filter, so that the carbon particles can be more fully recovered.

[0011] Further, the tail gas treatment system comprises a tail gas incineration system or an activated carbon adsorption system or a fan circulation system; the discharge port of the fan circulation system is communicated with the hot blast furnace; by adopting the above structure, the gas separated from the liquid separation tank can be discharged after high-temperature incineration, or can be discharged after activated carbon adsorption, or can be recycled to the inlet of the hot blast furnace after pressure boosting by the fan circulation system, and is used as raw material gas, so that energy consumption is saved.

[0012] Further, the discharge port of the asphalt raw material pump is communicated with the top of the spray carbonization tower, and the discharge port of the hot blast furnace is communicated with the sidewall of the spray carbonization tower; by adopting the scheme, the asphalt raw material entering the spray carbonization tower can be sprayed from the top of the tower downward, and is fully contacted with the ascending inert gas and combustion gas from the hot blast furnace, so that the activated carbon product in an ideal form is obtained.

[0013] Further, the bottom of the spray carbonization tower is communicated with the top of the product cooler; by adopting the structure, the activated carbon obtained after carbonization of the spray carbonization tower can naturally fall into the bottom of the spray carbonization tower by gravity, and then more conveniently enters the product cooler for effective cooling.

[0014] Further, the asphalt raw material pump is one or several of a plunger pump, a gear pump or a special high-solid-content centrifugal pump; by adopting the scheme, the asphalt can be smoothly conveyed into the spray carbonization tower.

[0015] Further, the hot blast furnace can adopt a hot blast furnace, a tube furnace, an electric heater or other heating types; by adopting the scheme, the inert gas and the combustion gas can be fully heated.

[0016] Further, the gas-solid separator is a gas-solid separator of a type such as sedimentation separation, cyclone separation or filtration separation; by adopting the scheme, the complex medium from the spray carbonization tower can be adapted to realize effective separation of the gas-solid components of the medium.

[0017] Further, the product cooler (or referred to as a heat exchanger) is a circulating water-solid particle cooler or a solid particle cooler; effective cooling of the collected material can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Fig. 1 An example structure schematic diagram of an asphalt spray carbonization device for preparing activated carbon.

[0019] Fig. 2 An example structure schematic diagram of an asphalt spray carbonization device for preparing activated carbon.

[0020] As shown in the drawings: 1. Spray carbonization tower, 2. Product cooler, 3. Gas-solid separator, 4. Washing tower, 5. Liquid separation tank, 6. Pitch raw material pump, 7. Hot blast stove, 8. Tail gas treatment system, 9. Washing liquid circulating pump, 10. Washing liquid cooler, 11. Filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present application;

[0022] In addition, it should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed" to another component, it can be directly on the other component or can be fixed thereto through another intermediate component. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or can be connected thereto through another intermediate component. When a component is referred to as being "provided on" another component, it can be directly provided on the other component or can be provided thereon through another intermediate component. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", and the like used herein are only for the purpose of illustration; the front end of the present application is the end where the pen tip is stretched in the use state, and the rear end is the end where the pressing portion is located. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more relevant listed items.

[0023] As shown in the drawings: Figs. 1-2As shown, it is an asphalt spray carbonization device for preparing activated carbon, which comprises a spray carbonization tower 1, a product cooler 2, a gas-solid separator 3, a washing tower 4 and a liquid separation tank 5; the feed inlet of the spray carbonization tower 1 is connected with the asphalt raw material pump 6 (through which the asphalt raw material is pumped into the spray carbonization tower for carbonization reaction) and the hot blast furnace 7 respectively, the hot blast furnace 7 is used for heating inert gas (such as argon, helium, etc.) and combustion gas (here, the combustion gas can be fuel gas, coal gas, natural gas, etc.), after heating, the inert gas and the combustion gas are delivered to the spray carbonization tower 1 through the delivery pipeline (the flow ratio of the inert gas and the combustion gas is not specially limited, as long as it can meet the requirement of obtaining the activated carbon, the operator can make routine adjustment according to the need of activated carbon yield); the discharge outlet of the spray carbonization tower 1 is connected with the product cooler 2 and the gas-solid separator 3 respectively; the product cooler 2 and the gas-solid separator 3 are also connected with each other; the discharge outlet of the gas-solid separator 3 is connected with the washing tower 4, and the washing tower 4 is connected with the liquid separation tank 5; the liquid separation tank 5 is also provided with a tail gas treatment system 8; wherein the product cooler 2 in the figure is also provided with CWS and CWR, wherein CWS represents "circulating cooling water upper water", which is a pipeline for the cooling system, which introduces water from the outside for heat dissipation in the circulating cooling process; CWR is "circulating cooling water return water", which is opposite to CWS, it refers to the pipeline that the water cooled by the cooling system returns to the circulating system, this part of water is usually recycled again; they are all conventional representations in the field of chemical industry, which do not need to be described and explained in detail here.

[0024] Adopting the above structure, the device can pump the asphalt raw material into the spray carbonization tower through the raw material pump, and the inert gas and combustion gas are heated by the hot blast furnace and then introduced into the spray carbonization tower as heat medium, so that the asphalt raw material is repeatedly sprayed and carbonized in the spray carbonization tower to form carbon particles, and a small part of cracked oil gas, inert gas and other media; the carbon particles enter the product cooler to be collected and cooled, and the cracked oil gas, inert gas and other media enter the gas-solid separator to be gas-solid separated, and the separated solid enters the product cooler to be collected and cooled again, and the separated gas enters the washing tower to be washed, and then enters the liquid separation tank to be gas-liquid separated, and the separated gas is treated by the tail gas treatment system and then discharged; the device can convert the asphalt raw material into activated carbon, and the waste gas and waste liquid can be fully treated and recovered or discharged up to the standard; the activated carbon obtained by the spray carbonization tower is suitable for being used as an electrode material of a super capacitor; the device structure for preparing activated carbon from asphalt raw material is provided for the first time, and each connecting part and device of the device structure does not need a specific structure design, and can adopt conventional equipment in the prior art, and then connected with each other in the specific connection mode, so that the asphalt can be converted into activated carbon.

[0025] As shown in the accompanying drawings Fig. 2 The washing tower 4 is further connected with a washing liquid circulating pump 9 and a washing liquid cooler 10, the washing liquid circulating pump 9 is connected with the liquid outlet of the washing tower 4 through a pipeline, one end of the washing liquid cooler 10 is connected with the outlet of the washing liquid circulating pump 9 through a pipeline, and the other end is connected with the liquid inlet of the washing tower 4 through a pipeline; the liquid outlet is located at the bottom of the washing tower, and the liquid inlet is located at the side wall of the washing tower; adopting the structure, the washing liquid obtained in the washing tower can be washed repeatedly, the purification can be effectively realized, and the composition of the gas discharged from the washing tower is more pure.

[0026] As shown in the accompanying drawings Fig. 2 The washing liquid cooler 10 and the liquid inlet of the washing tower 4 are further provided with a filter 11; adopting the structure, the solid particles, i.e. carbon particles, in the washing liquid can be effectively filtered and separated by the filter, so that the carbon particles can be more fully recovered.

[0027] As an example, the tail gas treatment system 8 described in the application includes a tail gas incineration system or an activated carbon adsorption system or a fan circulation system; the discharge port of the fan circulation system is communicated with the hot blast furnace 7; by using the above structure, the gas separated from the liquid separation tank can be discharged after high temperature incineration, or can be discharged after activated carbon adsorption, or can be recycled to the inlet of the hot blast furnace after pressure boosting by the fan circulation system, and is used as raw material gas to save energy consumption; at this time, the tail gas incineration system can be connected with a high temperature ignition port on the tail gas treatment system 8 to burn the gas, the activated carbon adsorption system is connected with a filter device filled with activated carbon on the tail gas treatment system 8, and the gas is purified by activated carbon; the fan circulation system is connected with a fan or a compressor on the tail gas treatment system 8 to pressurize the gas and recycle it to the hot blast furnace 7 as feed gas.

[0028] As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1-2 The discharge port of the asphalt raw material pump 6 described in the application is communicated with the top of the spray carbonization tower 1, and the discharge port of the hot blast furnace 7 is communicated with the side wall of the spray carbonization tower 1; by using this scheme, the asphalt raw material entering the spray carbonization tower can be sprayed from the top of the tower downward, and fully contacted with the inert gas and combustion gas rising from the hot blast furnace for carbonization, so that the activated carbon product in the ideal form is obtained.

[0029] As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1-2 The bottom of the spray carbonization tower 1 described in the application is communicated with the top of the product cooler 2; by using this structure, the activated carbon obtained after carbonization of the spray carbonization tower can naturally fall into the bottom of the spray carbonization tower by gravity, and then more conveniently enter the product cooler for effective cooling.

[0030] As an example, the asphalt raw material pump described in the application can be one or more of a plunger pump, a gear pump or a special high solid content centrifugal pump; by using this scheme, the asphalt can be successfully delivered to the spray carbonization tower.

[0031] As an example, the hot blast furnace described in the application can use a hot blast furnace, a tube furnace, an electric heater or other heating types; by using this scheme, the inert gas and combustion gas can be fully heated.

[0032] As an example, the gas-solid separator described in the application is a gas-solid separator of types such as sedimentation separation, cyclone separation and filtration separation; by using this scheme, the complex medium coming out of the spray carbonization tower can be adapted to realize effective separation of the gas-solid components of the medium.

[0033] As an example, the product cooler (or called heat exchanger) described in the application is a circulating water solid particle cooler or a solid particle cooler; effective cooling of the collected material can be realized.

[0034] The working principle and process of the asphalt spray carbonization device for preparing activated carbon of the present application are as follows: (1) The asphalt is sent to the spray carbonization tower for spray carbonization, and fuel gas, inert gas, etc. are sent to the spray carbonization tower as heat medium after being combusted or heated by the hot blast furnace. After the asphalt is spray carbonized, carbon particles, pyrolysis oil gas, inert gas, etc. are formed. (2) After the oil gas, carbonization gas, inert gas, etc. generated after the asphalt is pyrolyzed are separated from carbon particles by the gas-solid separator and the filter, and then sent to the oil gas washing tower, the gas is sent to the tail gas treatment system after being separated and washed to remove dust. A washing liquid cooler is arranged on the washing tower to reduce the temperature of the washing liquid. The carbon particles carried in the gas are recovered by washing and filtering. (3) The carbon particles at the bottom of the spray carbonization tower and the gas-solid separator are collected and further cooled to room temperature by heat exchange. The operating pressure of the spray carbonization tower of the present application is 0-100 KPa (G), and the operating temperature is 200-1500℃. The material of the spray drying tower is high-temperature-resistant metal or non-metal or combined material, etc. The heat medium is heat-conducting oil, and the operating temperature thereof is about 310-350℃. The spray head of the spray carbonization tower adopts multiple groups of pressure spray heads, and the pressure drop of the spray head is 0-2 MPa to meet the full atomization requirement. The spray head is adjusted according to the production. Valves can be arranged on the medium conveying pipeline to perform closing and starting actions. The hot blast furnace of the present application can adopt a hot blast furnace, a tubular furnace, an electric heater or other heating types. The gas-solid separator of the present application can adopt types such as sedimentation separation, cyclone separation and filtration separation, and the equipment can withstand a temperature of 0-1500℃. The washing tower of the present application adopts a high-temperature-resistant washing tower, which is provided with multiple groups of spray heads for washing and is provided with a tray or a packing for washing at the upper portion. The tail gas treatment system of the present application can discharge the tail gas after treatment to meet the standard and meet the VOC standard. The gas can also be pressurized by a fan or a compressor and then recycled to the hot blast furnace as feed gas. The product cooler of the present application can adopt a circulating water solid particle cooler or a solid particle cooling device, etc.

[0035] The activated carbon preparation device of the present application has the advantages that the impurity content of the asphalt is low, the prepared activated carbon has good adsorption performance, a large specific surface area and uniform particle distribution; the discharge specific capacitance and charge-discharge efficiency of the activated carbon prepared by the device of the present application are superior to those of foreign activated carbon for capacitors; the spray carbonization tower of the present application can make the material pyrolyze quickly without the need for additional heat medium and without the generation of dead zones, and the thermal efficiency is relatively high; the device of the present application is safer, easier to implement, has small investment, high efficiency and high automation degree during use.

Claims

1. A device for producing activated carbon by bitumen spray carbonization, characterized by: The device comprises a spray carbonization tower, a product cooler, a gas-solid separator, a washing tower and a liquid separation tank; the feed inlet of the spray carbonization tower is connected with the asphalt raw material pump and the hot blast furnace respectively, the hot blast furnace is used for heating inert gas and combustion gas and delivering them into the spray carbonization tower; the discharge outlet of the spray carbonization tower is connected with the product cooler and the gas-solid separator respectively; the product cooler and the gas-solid separator are also connected with each other; the discharge outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected with the washing tower, the washing tower is connected with the liquid separation tank; the liquid separation tank is further provided with a tail gas treatment system.

2. The apparatus for spray-charring bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The washing tower is further connected with a washing liquid circulating pump and a washing liquid cooler, the washing liquid circulating pump is connected with the liquid outlet of the washing tower through a pipeline, one end of the washing liquid cooler is connected with the outlet of the washing liquid circulating pump through a pipeline and the other end is connected with the liquid inlet of the washing tower through a pipeline.

3. The apparatus for spray-charring bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein: A filter is further arranged between the washing liquid cooler and the liquid inlet of the washing tower.

4. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The tail gas treatment system comprises a tail gas incineration system or an activated carbon adsorption system or a fan circulation system; the discharge outlet of the fan circulation system is communicated with the hot blast furnace.

5. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The discharge outlet of the asphalt raw material pump is communicated with the top of the spray carbonization tower, and the discharge outlet of the hot blast furnace is communicated with the side wall of the spray carbonization tower.

6. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the spray carbonization tower is communicated with the top of the product cooler.

7. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The asphalt raw material pump is one or several of a plunger pump, a gear pump or a special high solid content centrifugal pump.

8. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The hot blast furnace adopts a heating type of a hot blast furnace, a tubular furnace or an electric heater.

9. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The gas-solid separator is a gas-solid separator of a sedimentation separation, a cyclone separation or a filtration separation type.

10. The apparatus for spray-charring of bitumen into activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The product cooler is a circulating water solid particle cooler or a solid particle cooler.

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