Concrete pump pipe fixing device

The opening clamp structure formed by the opening sealing plate and the arc-shaped pressure plate, combined with the positioning components, solves the problem of pump pipe vibration and displacement in the traditional fixing method, realizes the stable fixing of concrete pump pipe, improves construction efficiency and safety, and reduces costs.

CN223579155UActive Publication Date: 2025-11-21四川省建筑机械化工程有限公司 +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202520341423.3
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-02-28
Publication Date
2025-11-21
Estimated Expiration
2035-02-28

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Traditional concrete pump pipe fixing methods suffer from problems such as unstable connections, complex processes, high costs, serious material waste, and numerous safety hazards. In particular, pump pipe vibration and displacement during vertical penetration of floors leads to low construction efficiency and increased safety risks.

Method used

An opening clamp structure is formed by using an opening sealing plate and an arc-shaped pressure plate to fix the pump pipe in the vertical direction and stabilize it in the horizontal direction through a positioning component, including a second back rib and a positioning plate, to ensure the stability of the pump pipe in both the vertical and horizontal directions. At the same time, the opening sealing plate closes the reserved opening to reduce safety hazards.

Benefits of technology

It achieves stable fixation of the pump pipe in both vertical and horizontal directions, reduces construction costs and labor consumption, improves construction efficiency, reduces safety hazards, and the device can be reused.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a concrete pump pipe fixing device, which relates to the field of building construction and comprises two groups of hole closing plates and arc-shaped pressing plates, the two groups of hole closing plates are symmetrically arranged above a reserved hole of a concrete pump pipe, each group of hole closing plates is connected with the arc-shaped pressing plate, and the arc-shaped pressing plates are connected with the hole closing plates. The arc-shaped pressing plates located on the two sides form an opening hoop structure for clamping the pump pipe at the reserved hole of the concrete pump pipe, the lower surface of the opening hoop structure is connected with a positioning assembly, and the positioning assembly is tightly attached to the inner wall of the reserved hole of the concrete pump pipe. The floor-penetrating pump pipe is fixed in the vertical direction through the opening hoop structure formed on the upper portion of the hole sealing plate, and the floor-penetrating pump pipe is fixed in the horizontal direction through the positioning assembly on the lower portion of the hole sealing plate, so that the problem of vibration deviation of the vertical floor-penetrating pump pipe is solved; and potential safety hazards are reduced, repeated use is achieved, and cost and labor are saved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building construction, specifically to a concrete pump pipe fixing device. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction industry, concrete pouring is a critical process, and the rationality of the concrete pump pipe fixing method directly affects construction quality, safety, and efficiency. Currently, the traditional fixing method for pump pipes that vertically penetrate floors has a series of serious problems.

[0003] When timber beams are fixed to steel pipes, the timber beams are prone to deformation and decay under long-term stress, and the connection between them and the steel pipes, secured with wire or fasteners, is unstable. The strong vibrations generated by the pump pipes transporting concrete make this fixing method extremely prone to loosening, leading to displacement of the pump pipes. This not only requires frequent inspections and reinforcement by construction personnel, consuming significant manpower and time, increasing construction costs and reducing efficiency, but also risks the loosened pump pipes impacting the main structure and damaging its stability.

[0004] Pre-embedded bolts require precise positioning and installation before concrete pouring, a complex process that is difficult to adjust if deviations occur. After use, stress is concentrated at the bolts, which can easily damage the concrete structure. They are also difficult to disassemble, and residual bolts affect the structural appearance and subsequent construction. Furthermore, the poor versatility of their connectors leads to increased material costs and management difficulties.

[0005] Expansion bolts are used for fixing concrete after it has been poured and reached a certain strength. Drilling and expansion fixing can damage the concrete structure, and the edges are difficult to repair. After use, the stress is concentrated at the bolts, which can easily cause damage to the concrete structure. They are also difficult to disassemble, and the remaining bolts affect the appearance of the structure and subsequent construction.

[0006] Welding for fixing requires highly skilled construction workers, and poor welding quality can easily cause the weld to crack under the vibration of the pump pipe. The high temperature generated during welding can damage the surrounding concrete structure, reducing its strength and durability. Furthermore, disassembling the pump pipe after welding is extremely difficult, requiring cutting, which damages both the pump pipe and the concrete structure, hinders material recycling, and results in resource waste and increased costs.

[0007] In summary, the vibration and displacement of pump pipes caused by traditional fixing methods lead to safety hazards such as concrete leakage and collisions. At the same time, they are inefficient and costly. Pump pipe vibration and displacement cause safety hazards such as concrete leakage and collisions, and also seriously affect construction efficiency and increase construction costs. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a concrete pump pipe fixing device. The device solves the problem of vibration and displacement of the vertical pump pipe by fixing the pump pipe through the floor in the vertical direction through the opening clamp structure formed on the upper part of the opening sealing plate and fixing the pump pipe through the floor in the horizontal direction through the positioning component at the lower part of the opening sealing plate. At the same time, the opening sealing plate closes the reserved opening, reducing safety hazards. It can be reused and saves costs and labor.

[0009] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] A concrete pump pipe fixing device, comprising:

[0011] The opening sealing plate is provided in two sets and symmetrically arranged above the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe;

[0012] Arc-shaped pressure plate, each set of the opening sealing plate is connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate, and the arc-shaped pressure plates on both sides form an opening clamping structure for holding the pump pipe at the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe;

[0013] A positioning component is connected to the lower surface of the opening clamp structure, and the positioning component is in close contact with the inner wall of the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe.

[0014] In this design, two sets of symmetrically arranged opening-sealing plates above the reserved openings of the concrete pump pipe provide basic support and positioning benchmarks for the entire fixing device, ensuring accurate and stable relative positioning between the fixing device and the reserved openings. The arc-shaped pressure plates connected to each set of opening-sealing plates form an open clamping structure at the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe, tightly clamping the pump pipe and effectively preventing vertical displacement or shaking, thus ensuring the stability of the pump pipe during concrete delivery. The positioning components connected to the lower surface of the open clamping structure are tightly attached to the inner wall of the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe, further enhancing the horizontal positioning capability of the fixing device. This allows it to withstand the horizontal forces generated by the pump pipe during operation, preventing horizontal displacement or loosening of the pump pipe, effectively solving the problem of vibration and displacement of vertically penetrating floor pump pipes. Simultaneously, the opening-sealing plates also seal the reserved openings, reducing safety hazards. The entire device is reusable, achieving cost and labor savings.

[0015] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the cross-section of the arc-shaped pressure plate is semi-circular, and the inner rings of the two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates are spliced ​​together to form a complete circle, which covers the outside of the pump pipe.

[0016] In this design, the arc-shaped pressure plate adopts a semi-circular arc design, and the two sets of inner rings are spliced ​​together to form a complete circle covering the outside of the pump pipe, thus structurally achieving all-around wrapping of the pump pipe. This tight wrapping greatly increases the contact area between the arc-shaped pressure plate and the pump pipe, thereby significantly improving the friction between them. This allows the pump pipe to be more firmly fixed in the vertical direction, effectively resisting the vertical displacement that may be caused by the strong vibration generated during concrete transportation. In the horizontal direction, the complete circular wrapping structure also provides a certain degree of constraint on the pump pipe, limiting its possible lateral swaying and further enhancing the overall stability of the pump pipe fixation.

[0017] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the outer side wall of the arc-shaped pressure plate is evenly distributed with first back ribs, and the right-angle ends of the first back ribs are respectively connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate and the opening sealing plate.

[0018] In this design, the first back rib provides additional support for the arc-shaped pressure plate, effectively preventing deformation when subjected to pump pipe pressure and vibration, ensuring its continuous and stable clamping of the pump pipe. Simultaneously, through its connection with the opening sealing plate, the first back rib transfers the force on the arc-shaped pressure plate to the opening sealing plate, further dispersing stress and creating a more robust overall structure for the entire fixing device, thus improving its effectiveness in securing the pump pipe.

[0019] As an optimized solution for fixing the device, the inner wall of the arc-shaped pressure plate is connected with an anti-slip pad.

[0020] In this design, the presence of the anti-slip mat further enhances the friction between the arc-shaped pressure plate and the pump pipe, thereby more effectively preventing the pump pipe from sliding or shifting during operation. When the pump pipe transports concrete, it generates strong vibrations. The anti-slip mat, with its special material and surface properties, can tightly adhere to the surface of the pump pipe, absorbing some of the vibration energy and reducing the impact of vibration on the pump pipe's fixation effect.

[0021] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, in order to further enhance the friction between the arc-shaped pressure plate and the pump pipe, the anti-slip pad is semi-circular, the inner diameter of the anti-slip pad is the same as the outer diameter of the pump pipe, and the inner surface of the anti-slip pad is in close contact with the pump pipe.

[0022] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the arc-shaped pressure plate is connected to a yoke plate on both sides, and the yoke plates on both sides are locked to the open clamp structure by a locking assembly.

[0023] In this design, the haunch plates connected to both sides of the arc-shaped pressure plate are locked into the open clamp structure via locking components, greatly enhancing the fixation effect on the pump pipe. The haunch plates structurally strengthen the overall strength of the arc-shaped pressure plate, enabling it to better withstand various forces transmitted by the pump pipe, especially maintaining a stable clamping state under the strong vibrations and high pressures generated when the pump pipe is conveying concrete. The locking components further ensure the tightness of the open clamp structure, effectively preventing the pump pipe from loosening or shifting vertically due to vibration.

[0024] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the locking assembly includes bolts, and bolt holes matching the bolts are provided between the armhole plates located on opposite sides.

[0025] In this design, the use of bolts allows the armhole plates to be tightly connected, thereby enhancing the clamping force of the arc-shaped pressure plate on the pump pipe and effectively preventing displacement of the pump pipe in both vertical and horizontal directions. By tightening the bolts, the tightness of the clamping structure can be precisely adjusted according to actual needs, adapting to different specifications of pump pipes and the requirements for pump pipe fixation stability under different working conditions.

[0026] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the positioning component includes a second back rib extending into the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe. The second back rib is connected to the lower end of each set of opening sealing plates and is evenly distributed along the outer edge of the corresponding arc-shaped pressure plate.

[0027] In this design, the second back rib in the positioning assembly extends towards the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe and connects to the lower end of the opening sealing plate, evenly distributed along the outer edge of the arc-shaped pressure plate. Structurally, this enhances the horizontal positioning capability of the fixing device. When the pump pipe is subjected to horizontal external forces, the second back rib can evenly distribute these forces to the opening sealing plate and surrounding structure, preventing the pump pipe from shifting or swaying horizontally, thus ensuring the pump pipe maintains an accurate position during vertical penetration through floors. The design of the second back rib being evenly distributed along the outer edge of the arc-shaped pressure plate allows it to better adapt to the shape of the pump pipe, forming a tight fit with it, further improving the accuracy and stability of positioning, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the concrete delivery process, and reducing the risk of damage to the reserved opening and surrounding structure due to pump pipe displacement.

[0028] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, the positioning component also includes a positioning plate. The inner end of the positioning plate is connected to the second back rib at the lower end of each set of opening sealing plates to form a whole, and the outer end of the positioning plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe.

[0029] In this design, the positioning plate, as part of the positioning assembly, is integrated with the second back rib at its inner end, enhancing the overall integrity and stability of the structure. Its outer end is tightly fitted against the inner wall of the pre-reserved opening in the concrete pump pipe, playing a crucial role in precise positioning and enhancing friction. Horizontally, the positioning plate's close contact with the inner wall of the opening restricts the overall horizontal movement of the pump pipe fixing device, ensuring that the pump pipe maintains a stable position even under significant horizontal forces during concrete delivery. This effectively prevents the pump pipe from shifting or swaying horizontally, ensuring accurate delivery of concrete to the designated location. Simultaneously, the positioning plate, along with the second back rib and the opening sealing plate, further disperses the various forces transmitted from the pump pipe, distributing them evenly across the surrounding structure of the pre-reserved opening, reducing localized stress concentration, and protecting the integrity of the pre-reserved opening and surrounding building structures.

[0030] As an optimized solution for the fixing device, in order to further reduce local stress concentration and protect the integrity of the reserved opening and the surrounding building structure, the positioning component also includes a reinforcing plate. One end of the reinforcing plate is connected to the lower end of the opening sealing plate, and the other end of the reinforcing plate extends outward.

[0031] The outer end of the reinforcing plate is connected to the second back rib at the lower end of each set of opening sealing plates to form a whole.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This utility model achieves effective vertical fixation of the pump pipe through an opening clamp structure formed by two sets of symmetrically arranged opening-sealing plates above the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe and connected arc-shaped pressure plates. Compared with traditional fixing methods, this design can more accurately adapt to the shape of the pump pipe, provide uniform and stable clamping force, and effectively prevent the pump pipe from shifting or shaking in the vertical direction due to vibration during concrete transportation.

[0034] 2. The positioning component connected to the open clamp structure of this utility model includes a second back rib extending towards the reserved opening and evenly distributed, and a positioning plate tightly attached to the inner wall of the opening. This provides reliable horizontal positioning of the pump pipe. The second back rib evenly distributes the force, while the positioning plate ensures a tight fit between the entire fixing device and the inner wall of the opening, preventing the pump pipe from shifting when subjected to horizontal force. In contrast, the pre-embedded bolt fixing method has limited horizontal positioning capability, and once the bolts loosen or the pre-embedded position deviates, it can easily lead to pump pipe instability. The horizontal positioning of this utility model is more stable and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the structure marked A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a side view of the structure of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the structure of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the structure of Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0043] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0044] 1-Concrete floor slab, 2-Opening sealing plate, 3-Pump pipe, 4-Arc-shaped pressure plate, 5-First back rib, 6-Anti-slip pad, 7-Halfing plate, 8-Bolt, 9-Positioning plate, 10-Second back rib, 11-Reinforcing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment 1 provides a concrete pump pipe fixing device, such as... Figures 1-3As shown, the device includes an opening closure plate 2 and an arc-shaped pressure plate 4. The opening closure plate 2, as a basic support component, can be circular or polygonal. In this embodiment, the opening closure plate 2 is set to be circular, which makes it convenient to install without considering the installation direction. The opening closure plate 2 is provided in two sets and is symmetrically placed above the concrete floor slab 1 and above the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe. Each set of opening closure plates 2 is connected to an arc-shaped pressure plate 4. The arc-shaped pressure plates 4 on both sides form an open clamping structure for holding the pump pipe 3 at the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe. The positioning component is connected to the lower surface of the open clamping structure and fits tightly with the inner wall of the reserved opening to achieve stable fixation of the pump pipe 3.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the radial section of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 is designed as a semi-circular arc. The radius of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 matches the outer diameter of the pump 3. An arc-shaped pressure plate 4 is welded on each set of opening sealing plates 2. The two arc-shaped pressure plates 4 are set opposite to each other at the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe. The inner rings of the two arc-shaped pressure plates 4 can be spliced ​​together to form a complete circular clamp structure, which can tightly cover the outside of the pump pipe 3. The two sides of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 are connected to the armhole plates 7. The armhole plates 7 on both sides are locked to the opening clamp structure by locking components. In this embodiment, the locking components include bolts 8. Bolt holes matching bolts 8 are provided between the armhole plates 7 on opposite sides. By tightening the bolts 8, the tightness of the clamp structure can be precisely adjusted according to actual needs. Of course, the locking components can also be pipe clamps or other quick-release structures.

[0049] Meanwhile, to further disperse stress and improve the fixing effect of the fixing device on the pump pipe 3, the outer side wall of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 is evenly distributed with first back ribs 5. The right-angle ends of the first back ribs 5 are respectively connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 and the opening sealing plate 2. The force on the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 is transmitted to the opening sealing plate 2 through the first back ribs 5. In addition, to further improve the fixing effect of the fixing device on the pump pipe 3, the inner side wall of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 is connected with anti-slip pads 6, which further enhances the friction between the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 and the pump pipe 3, thereby more effectively preventing the pump pipe 3 from sliding or deviating during operation.

[0050] In some embodiments, the anti-slip pad 6 is a component made of rubber, silicone, polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride, and its radial cross-sectional shape is semi-circular, so that the inner diameter of the anti-slip pad 6 is the same as the outer diameter of the pump pipe 3, and the inner surface of the anti-slip pad 6 is in close contact with the pump pipe 3, thereby further enhancing the friction between the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 and the pump pipe 3.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 3-5As shown, the positioning assembly includes a second back rib 10 extending into the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe and a positioning plate 9. One end of the second back rib 10 is vertically welded to the lower end of each set of opening sealing plates 2 and is evenly distributed along the outer edge of the corresponding arc-shaped pressure plate 4. The inner end of the positioning plate 9 is welded to the other end of the second back rib 10 to form a whole, forming a stable frame structure. The outer end of the positioning plate 9 is in close contact with the inner wall of the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe. When the pump pipe 3 is subjected to a horizontal external force, such as the lateral impact force generated by the flow of concrete in the pump pipe or the wind blowing at the construction site, the outer end of the positioning plate 9 is in close contact with the inner wall of the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe, transferring the external force to the concrete structure around the opening. At the same time, the second back rib 10 evenly distributes the force to prevent the pump pipe 3 from being damaged due to horizontal displacement or shaking.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment 2 provides a concrete pump pipe fixing device based on embodiment 1, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, in order to prevent the pump pipe 3 from being squeezed and damaged when it may shift or shake in the horizontal direction, the lower end of the anti-slip pad 6 extends to the lower end of the second back rib 10, so that the gap between the pump pipe 3 and the second back rib 10 is filled by the anti-slip pad 6. Due to the buffering capacity of the anti-slip pad 6, the pump pipe 3 and the second back rib 10 can be prevented from being squeezed and damaged.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This embodiment 3 provides a concrete pump pipe fixing device based on embodiment 2, such as... Figures 6-7 As shown, the positioning assembly also includes a reinforcing plate 11. One end of the reinforcing plate 11 is connected to the lower end of the opening closure plate 2. Here, the reinforcing plate 11 is a downward extension of the arc-shaped pressure plate 4, forming a whole. Of course, in other embodiments, the reinforcing plate 11 and the arc-shaped pressure plate 4 can also be two components, but this would increase welding work and the overall integrity would be worse than when they are one piece. The other end of the reinforcing plate 11 extends outward from the reserved opening of the concrete pump pipe, and the outer end of the reinforcing plate 11 is connected to the second back rib 10 at the lower end of the opening closure plate 2, so that the positioning plate 9, the second back rib 10 and the reinforcing plate 11 form a whole. At the same time, the inner end of the reinforcing plate 11 is in contact with the anti-slip pad 6. When the pump pipe 3 is subjected to a horizontal external force, such as the lateral impact force generated by the concrete flowing in the pump pipe or the wind blowing at the construction site, the positioning plate 9, the second back rib 10 and the reinforcing plate 11 work together to further reduce local stress concentration and protect the integrity of the reserved opening and the surrounding building structure.

[0056] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A concrete pump hose securing device, characterized by, The utility model relates to a concrete pump pipe reserved hole sealing device, including: Hole closure plate (2) is provided with two groups and is symmetrically arranged above concrete pump pipe reserved hole, Arc pressing plate (4) is connected with every group hole closure plate (2), and the arc pressing plate (4) on both sides forms the opening hoop structure that clamps pump pipe (3) at concrete pump pipe reserved hole, Wherein, the lower surface of the opening hoop structure is connected with the positioning assembly, and the positioning assembly is close to the inner wall of the concrete pump pipe reserved hole.

2. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 1, wherein, The cross section of the arc pressing plate (4) is semicircular, and the inner circle of the two groups of arc pressing plates (4) is spliced to form a whole circle and is wrapped outside the pump pipe (3).

3. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 1, wherein, The outer side wall of the arc pressing plate (4) is uniformly provided with the first back rabbet (5), and the right angle end of the first back rabbet (5) is connected with the arc pressing plate (4) and the hole closure plate (2) respectively.

4. The concrete pump pipe securing device of claim 1, wherein, The inner side wall of the arc pressing plate (4) is connected with the antiskid pad (6).

5. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 4, wherein, The antiskid pad (6) is semicircular, the inner diameter of the antiskid pad (6) is same with the outer diameter of the pump pipe (3), and the inner surface of the antiskid pad (6) is closely combined with the pump pipe.

6. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 1, wherein, The both sides of the arc pressing plate (4) are connected with the haunch plate (7), and the haunch plate (7) on both sides locks the opening hoop structure through the locking assembly.

7. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 6, wherein, The locking assembly includes a bolt (8), and the bolt hole matched with the bolt (8) is arranged between the haunch plates (7) on opposite sides.

8. A concrete pump hose securing device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that The positioning assembly includes the second back rabbet (10) extending to the concrete pump pipe reserved hole, the second back rabbet (10) is connected to the lower end of every group hole closure plate (2) and is uniformly distributed along the outer side line of the corresponding arc pressing plate (4).

9. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 8, wherein, The positioning assembly further includes a positioning plate (9), the inner side end of the positioning plate (9) is connected with the second back rabbet (10) of the lower end of every group hole closure plate (2) as a whole, and the outer side end of the positioning plate (9) is close to the inner wall of the concrete pump pipe reserved hole.

10. A concrete pump hose securing device according to claim 9, wherein, The positioning assembly further includes a reinforcing plate (11), one end of the reinforcing plate (11) is connected with the lower end of the hole closure plate (2), and the other end of the reinforcing plate (11) extends outward, Wherein, the outer side end of the reinforcing plate (11) is connected with the second back rabbet (10) of the lower end of every group hole closure plate (2) as a whole.