Hydrogen fuel cell controller

Abstract

A hydrogen fuel cell controller belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, the controller comprises a power supply module, a microprocessor module and a function module, the function module comprises a CAN communication module, an LIN communication module, an analog signal input detection module, a digital signal input detection module, an Ethernet communication module and a Peakamp; a Hold output module, a high side / H bridge output module, and a low side / PWM output module; the controller can support receiving and transmitting of analog signals, digital signals, CAN signals, LIN signals and the like, efficiently and rapidly transmit external signals, meet the signal transmission requirements of various sensors, provide rapid remote and high-speed signal transmission, provide a convenient interface for remote updating, have multiple paths of high-power and high-frequency high-side, low-side and H-bridge power output, and are high in reliability and high in reliability. Current detection is carried out on each path of power output, the load state of each path can be known in real time while multiple loads are provided, integration enables the size and cost of the system to be reduced, and the reliability of the system is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to hydrogen fuel cell technical field, specifically related to a hydrogen fuel cell controller. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the dual pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution, environmental protection and energy saving have become the theme of the development of today's automobile industry, and new energy vehicles are highly valued and vigorously supported due to their energy saving, environmental protection and pollution free advantages. Among them, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have great advantages compared with ordinary pure electric vehicles because of short hydrogen fuel filling time and long cruising range. Hydrogen fuel cell is not a traditional electric energy storage device, but an electrochemical power generation device, which directly converts chemical energy into electric energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen fuel and oxidant.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cell is a complex system involving electrochemistry, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electrical engineering and automatic control, etc. In the operation process, there are many physical quantities and parameters that need to be adjusted and controlled. In order to make the hydrogen fuel cell system run safely and reliably, battery controller must be configured to manage and control it. Hydrogen fuel cell controller needs to have strong operation processing capacity and rich peripheral resource interface to effectively manage and coordinate each parameter and control execution component in the system operation process, so as to ensure the long-term safe and stable power generation of battery system.

[0004] The existing hydrogen fuel cell controller is used to realize the management and control of hydrogen fuel cell system, involves the management, coordination, monitoring and communication of each link to ensure the reliable and efficient operation of the system, mainly realizes the online detection, real-time control and fault diagnosis of hydrogen fuel cell system to ensure the stable and reliable work of the system. The functions of hydrogen fuel cell main controller include gas path management, water and heat management, electrical management, communication function and fault diagnosis, etc. The operating conditions of reaction gas pressure, humidity, internal humidity and temperature of stack directly affect the performance and service life of stack.

[0005] However, the existing hydrogen fuel cell controller still has the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. The controller has few communication modes, few types of received and transmitted external signals, and few types of supported sensor signals, which cannot meet the needs of some sensor signal transmission.

[0007] 2. The output power and frequency are low, there is no load monitoring, and the actuator cannot be quickly switched.

[0008] 3. The controller has poor expandability and poor electromagnetic compatibility, and is seriously affected by external electromagnetic interference.

[0009] 4. The analog signal acquisition accuracy is low, which causes inaccurate external signal acquisition and leads to unstable hydrogen fuel cell voltage.

[0010] 5. Existing hydrogen fuel cell controllers have low power and limited functions, and cannot be multiplexed.

[0011] 6. Insufficient redundancy of hardware resources; the channels of some functional modules can only meet the current needs and cannot be expanded for future functions. Utility Model Content

[0012] To address the aforementioned problems of existing hydrogen fuel cell controllers, this invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell controller capable of supporting analog, digital, CAN, LIN, and SENT signal transmission and reception. It efficiently and quickly transmits external signals, meeting the signal transmission requirements of various sensors. An Ethernet module provides fast, remote, and high-speed signal transmission, offering a convenient interface for remote updates. It features multiple high-power, high-frequency high-side, low-side, and H-bridge power outputs, and performs current detection on each power output to monitor the status of each load in real time even under multiple loads. It also provides a high-power, fast-start signal output, enabling rapid response from solenoid valve loads. The integrated functional modules reduce system size and cost, while improving system reliability. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0013] A hydrogen fuel cell controller includes a power supply module and a microprocessor module. The power supply module is connected to the microprocessor module, and both the power supply module and the microprocessor module are connected to functional modules. The functional modules include a CAN communication module, a LIN communication module, an analog signal input detection module, a digital signal input detection module, an Ethernet communication module, a Peak & Hold output module, a high-side / H-bridge output module, and a low-side / PWM output module. The power supply module supplies power to each functional module. The microprocessor module is used for program downloading and debugging. The CAN communication module is used for communication with controllers in the vehicle's CAN network, providing faster information exchange. Interaction; the LIN communication module is used to communicate with external sensors and components with LIN functionality; the analog signal input detection module is used to acquire analog signals output by external sensors; the digital signal input detection module is used to detect the status signals of external relays and switches in the fuel cell stack; the Ethernet communication module integrates the hydrogen fuel cell stack safety system and communication subsystem to build an on-board Ethernet system; the Peak & Hold output module is used to drive solenoid valves with a peak power of less than 158W; the high-side / H-bridge output module outputs drive signals, including those for driving relays, solenoid valves, and motors; the low-side / PWM output module is used to drive equipment, including vehicle water pumps and fans.

[0014] The microprocessor module comprises a microprocessor chip, and peripheral circuits connected to the microprocessor chip, including a clock signal circuit, an air pressure monitoring circuit, a JTAG interface circuit, a power supply interface circuit and a reset circuit; the clock signal circuit adopts a 20M passive crystal oscillator, is matched with two matching capacitors, and two output signals are directly connected to clock pins of the microprocessor; the clock signal circuit provides an oscillation signal required by the microprocessor chip for running; the air pressure monitoring circuit adopts an atmospheric pressure monitoring chip, is connected to I2C pins of the microprocessor chip, is used for monitoring an air pressure state in real time, enables external equipment to make real-time adjustment under different air pressure values, and ensures that a hydrogen fuel cell controller and an external system can work stably; the JTAG interface circuit is led out from the microprocessor chip pins to a 10-Pin JTAG interface, and the pins are pulled up to 5V or pulled down to the ground through 10K resistors in series; the JTAG interface circuit is used for realizing program downloading and debugging functions; an input end of the power supply interface circuit is used for being connected to a power module; power supply voltages come from 5V and 3.3V power supplies of the power module; the power supply interface circuit is connected to decoupling capacitors on each power supply pin of the microprocessor chip, ensures voltage stability and filters low-frequency interference; and the reset circuit is used for resetting and starting working again in time in the case that the controller is dead or has a fault.

[0015] The power module adopts BUCK1 chip, BUCK2 chip, LDO1 chip, LDO2 chip, LDO3 chip and LDO4 chip, the power supply range of the BUCK1 chip and the BUCK2 chip is 3.3V-40V, the combination of the BUCK1 chip and the LDO1 chip can provide seven voltage rails: six 5V and one 3V voltage output, which is used to supply power for the internal chips of the controller; the combination of the BUCK2 chip and the LDO2 chip, the LDO3 chip and the LDO4 chip can provide four voltage rails: one 7V and three 5V voltage output, which is used to supply power for the external sensors, and each 5V output provides 400mA current for the external sensors; meanwhile, the BUCK1 chip has a watchdog function, a GPIO pin of the microprocessor chip is connected to the watchdog signal input pin of the BUCK1 chip as a dog feeding signal, so that the power supply can be reset and restarted in time in case of program runaway or crash of the microprocessor chip, and the hydrogen fuel cell controller can continue to work; the BUCK1 chip and the BUCK2 chip are also connected with a power supply filtering circuit and a wake-up signal input circuit, the input end of the power supply filtering circuit is connected with a storage battery, which can filter out the interference signals on the power supply line and the influence of surge voltage and current on the stability of the power module, and filter out the external electromagnetic interference signals generated by the power module; the wake-up signal input circuit adopts the parallel input mode of automobile ignition wake-up and other wake-up sources, the other wake-up sources include CAN wake-up, LIN wake-up and vehicle start wake-up, and the output end of the wake-up signal input circuit is connected to the enable pin of the BUCK1 chip, when the controller is woken up, the digital output pin of the ignition switch is high, so that the BUCK1 chip still has an enable signal to keep normal work and supply power for the whole controller when the other wake-up signals disappear, realizing the power-on self-support function and controlled power-off function of the controller.

[0016] The CAN communication module is used for the controller to correctly receive CAN information and communicate with external systems in real time; the CAN communication module takes a 6-channel CAN transceiver as the core and has 3 independent enable and disable control functions, one end of the CAN transceiver is connected with the CAN controller carried by the microprocessor chip, and the other end is connected with the CAN physical bus interface circuit, and the interface circuit realizes the same way, that is, a common mode choke coil, a bypass capacitor and a balance resistor are connected in series on the two differential signals of the output end.

[0017] The LIN communication module adopts a LIN communication chip TJA1021, and the INH and LIN pins of the LIN communication chip are connected in series with a diode and a resistor to realize the active working mode of the LIN communication module.

[0018] The analog signal input detection module provides 38 external analog signal input detection channels and 3 5V sensor power supply detection channels; among the 38 external analog signal input detection channels, 28 external analog signal detection channels are composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, can be transformed into voltage type detection or resistance type detection according to specific needs, meet different detection needs, 2 are resistance type temperature acquisition detection channels, which are composed of a differential amplification multi-channel integrated operational amplifier circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, the actual measurement value of the external sensor is collected with a gain of 10 times through the differential circuit, 8 external 0-12V voltage type analog signal input detection channels are composed of a protection circuit and a conversion circuit, and are directly collected through a conversion chip; the protection circuit provided in each external analog signal input detection channel is used to ensure the safety of the external analog signal input detection channel when the 5V sensor power supply voltage or high voltage pulse signal interference is exceeded, to protect the microprocessor chip from being damaged and to improve the anti-interference performance; the 3 5V sensor power supply detection channels are composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, which can ensure that the controller can monitor the sensor power supply voltage in real time and ensure voltage stability.

[0019] The digital signal input detection module provides 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 4 external SENT signal detection circuits and 4 external capture signal detection circuits; among the 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 19 are composed of a conversion circuit and transmitted to the microprocessor module through a conversion chip, and 4 are composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a protection circuit and a filter circuit; the 4 external SENT signal detection circuits are composed of a pull-up protection circuit, a voltage dividing circuit and a filter circuit, and the external SENT signal detection circuit can process signals transmitted by special sensors and process external sensor signals in a wide range; the 4 external capture signal detection circuits are composed of a protection circuit, a voltage dividing circuit and a filter circuit; each signal has a protection circuit to ensure that the controller is not damaged and to improve the system safety.

[0020] The Ethernet communication module uses an Ethernet chip to improve the speed of external communication, process external signals or other module communication signals more quickly, understand the information of each part of the vehicle body in real time, respond quickly and ensure the safety of the vehicle and the driver.

[0021] The Peak&Hold output module is used for driving the electromagnetic valve with the peak power less than 158W, provides large current in a short time at the beginning of driving to accelerate the opening speed of the electromagnetic valve, reduces the current after reaching the working point, and maintains the opening state; the Peak&Hold output module takes the Peak&Hold chip as the core, matches peripheral devices to provide output, provides high-power output, and increases the interface protection circuit at the port of the Peak&Hold chip to ensure that the internal Peak&Hold chip is not disturbed or damaged under the condition of stable output.

[0022] The high-side / H-bridge output module comprises a high-side chip and an H-bridge chip, the high-side chip is connected with a protection circuit, and provides 12 high-side outputs, wherein 4 outputs are 1A current, 2 outputs are 8A current, 4 outputs are 5A current, and 2 outputs are 6A current; the H-bridge chip is connected with a protection circuit, and provides 6 H-bridge outputs, the output current is 10A and has a current detection function; the microprocessor module controls the high-side / H-bridge output module in the mode of sending commands through an SPI serial bus and a GPIO port to control the opening or closing of corresponding output channels; the high-side / H-bridge output module performs pull-up processing on the data input line and the chip selection signal of the SPI bus, prevents the control signals and data of the microprocessor from being interfered and distorted in the transmission process, and causes accidental control actions; the high-side chip and the H-bridge chip both have an overcurrent protection mechanism, when the output current exceeds the threshold value that can be borne by the chip, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage.

[0023] The low-side / PWM output module adopts a low-side / PWM output chip, the low-side / PWM output chip is connected with a protection circuit, and provides 30 low-side outputs, wherein 24 low-side outputs support PWM output; the first to eighth low-side outputs are 3A / 2KHz and support current detection function, the ninth to twenty-fourth low-side outputs are 2A / 10KHz, and the twenty-fifth to thirtieth low-side outputs are low-side outputs; the microprocessor module controls the low-side / PWM output module in the mode of sending commands through a GPIO channel to control the opening or closing of corresponding output channels; the low-side / PWM output module performs pull-up processing on the data input line and the chip selection signal of the SPI bus, prevents the control signals and data of the microprocessor module from being interfered and distorted in the transmission process, and causes accidental control actions; the low-side / PWM output chip has an overcurrent protection mechanism, when the output current exceeds the threshold value that can be borne by the chip, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen fuel cell controller has the beneficial effects that:

[0025] The hydrogen fuel cell controller can support analog quantity, digital quantity, CAN, LIN, SENT signal transceiving, efficiently and quickly transfer external signals, meet the signal transmission requirements of various sensors, the Ethernet module provides fast remote, high-speed signal transmission, provides a convenient interface for remote updating, has multi-path high-power, high-frequency high-side, low-side and H-bridge power outputs, and detects the current of each power output, so that the real-time load state of each path can be known while multiple loads exist, and a high-power fast start signal output can be provided, so that the solenoid valve type load can quickly respond, the functional module integration reduces the volume and cost of the system, and the system reliability is improved.

[0026] The microprocessor module is a basic circuit capable of enabling the microprocessor to work stably and reliably, is a core module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller, is directly related to the real-time performance of the whole system, and whether the normal work directly affects the realization of the system function;The utility model discloses the external circuit of microprocessor module, can the good protection microprocessor stable and reliable work.

[0027] The CAN module is the hardware basis for communication between the hydrogen fuel cell controller and other controllers, and only when the CAN module works normally, the hydrogen fuel cell controller can correctly receive CAN information and communicate with external systems in real time;The utility model discloses a special CAN communication module circuit, the CAN channel adopts the same interface circuit, all are in the two-way differential signal on the output end and are connected in series with common mode choke coil, bypass capacitor and balance resistance, improve the stability and anti-interference of CAN network communication, guarantee the accuracy of signal transmission, and wherein 3 have independent enable / disable control function, provide more flexibility for communication control strategy.

[0028] Four, the vehicle-mounted Ethernet module improves the speed of external communication, more quickly handles external signals or communication signals of other modules, real-time understands the information of each component of the vehicle body, and makes a corresponding response more quickly, to ensure the safety of the vehicle and the driver.

[0029] Five, the high-side / H-bridge output module selects a multi-channel, high-power and high-current chip as the core device. The high-side output has 12 channels, and the H-bridge output has 6 channels, with an output current of 10A and a current detection function. The control end has a special enable pin to control the working state of the chip. The control mode adopts SPI serial bus to send commands and control the corresponding channel to open or close. The data input line and the chip selection signal of the SPI bus are pulled up to prevent the control signal and data of the microprocessor from being disturbed and distorted during transmission, causing unexpected control actions. The chip itself has an overcurrent protection mechanism. When the output current exceeds the threshold that the chip can withstand, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage.

[0030] Six, low edge / PWM output module selects multi-channel, high power, high current low edge switch chip as the core device, and the control end has a special enable pin to control the chip working state. The low edge output is 30 channels. The control mode adopts SPI serial bus to send commands to control the corresponding channel on or off. The data input line and chip select signal of the SPI bus are pulled up to prevent the control signal and data of the microprocessor from being disturbed and distorted during transmission, causing unexpected control actions. The chip itself has an overcurrent protection mechanism. When the output current exceeds the threshold that the chip can withstand, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage.

[0031] Seven, the power module plays a very key role in the hydrogen fuel cell controller hardware circuit, and its stability is directly related to whether the entire hydrogen fuel cell controller can work normally. Its working environment is very harsh, the external power supply voltage range is large, and sometimes it also has to face the impact of inrush current on the power module. Therefore, the power module needs to have wide power input and high stability, high reliability of power output. The power module of the utility model adopts automobile special power supply BUCK1 chip, BUCK2 chip, LDO1 chip, LDO2 chip, LDO3 chip, LDO4 chip, the BUCK1 chip and the LDO1 chip are combined to build a circuit that can provide seven voltage rails; the BUCK2 chip and the LDO2, LDO3, LDO4 chip combination circuit can provide four voltage rails; at the same time, the BUCK1 chip has a watchdog function, and a GPIO pin is selected from the microprocessor and connected to the signal input pin of the chip watchdog as a dog feeding signal, so that the microprocessor can be reset and start working again in time in case of program runaway or crash, ensuring that the hydrogen fuel cell controller can work continuously. The power supply input end adds a power supply filtering circuit, which filters out the interference signals on the power supply line and the influence of inrush voltage and current on the stability of the power supply chip, and filters out the external electromagnetic interference signals generated by the power supply chip. The enable pin of the power supply chip is controlled by the wake-up signal input circuit, which adopts the parallel input mode of automobile ignition wake-up and other wake-up sources. When the hydrogen fuel cell controller wakes up, the digital output pin of the ignition switch is high, so that when other wake-up signals disappear, the power supply chip still has an enable signal to work normally, providing power for the entire hydrogen fuel cell controller, realizing the power self-sustaining function and controlled power-off function of the hydrogen fuel cell controller.

[0032] In conclusion, the hydrogen fuel cell controller is carefully designed and debugged, the power supply is a multi-output power supply chip supporting function safety related applications, high stability wide power supply is realized through the matching of the specially designed power input protection circuit, and the safety of the system is ensured. The main control chip (microprocessor chip) selects a 6-core 300MHz chip, which efficiently and quickly processes each signal to ensure stable program operation. Support multiple communication methods to meet the communication needs of various external devices and easily integrate into customer systems. High-precision external signal detection, high-power high-low side, PWM, H-bridge, Peak & Hold output integration, high power, low manufacturing cost, and small storage volume. The PCB design of the hardware circuit uses electronic professional knowledge and a large amount of practical experience to realize good electromagnetic compatibility, has good isolation measures and EMC anti-interference ability, and greatly improves the stability and safety of the hardware circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a hardware architecture schematic diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, and an architecture schematic diagram of the connection of the microprocessor module and the power module;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a microprocessor chip circuit diagram in the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a clock signal circuit and a connection circuit diagram of the clock signal circuit and the microprocessor chip (part of the interface) in the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a gas pressure monitoring circuit and a connection circuit diagram of the gas pressure monitoring circuit and the microprocessor chip (part of the interface) in the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a JTAG interface circuit and a connection circuit diagram of the JTAG interface circuit and the microprocessor chip (part of the interface) in the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a power supply interface circuit and a connection circuit diagram of the power supply interface circuit and the microprocessor chip (part of the interface) in the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 8In the microprocessor module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller, the reset circuit, and the connection circuit diagram of the reset circuit and the microprocessor chip (partial interface);

[0041] Figure 9 The utility model relates to a power module framework schematic drawing of a hydrogen fuel cell controller,

[0042] Figure 10 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, wake -up signal input circuit diagram,

[0043] Figure 11 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, power supply filter circuit diagram,

[0044] Figure 12 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, BUCK1 circuit diagram,

[0045] Figure 13 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, BUCK2 circuit diagram,

[0046] Figure 14 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, LDO1 circuit diagram,

[0047] Figure 15 The utility model relates to a power module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, LDO2, LDO3 or LDO4 circuit diagram,

[0048] Figure 16 The utility model relates to a CAN communication module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the framework schematic drawing of CAN communication module and microprocessor module connection,

[0049] Figure 17 The utility model relates to a CAN communication module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, CAN1, CAN2 or CAN3 bus CAN transceiver and physical bus interface circuit circuit diagram in,

[0050] Figure 18 The utility model relates to a CAN communication module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, CAN4, CAN5 or CAN6 bus CAN transceiver and physical bus interface circuit circuit diagram in,

[0051] Figure 19 The utility model relates to a LIN communication module of a hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the framework schematic drawing of LIN communication module and microprocessor module and power module connection,

[0052] Figure 20LIN communication module circuit diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell controller;

[0053] Figure 21 The utility model relates to a kind of analog signal input detection module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of analog signal input detection module and microprocessor module connection;

[0054] Figure 22 In the analog signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the circuit diagram of the external analog signal detection channel of any one of the first 1 to 28th;

[0055] Figure 23 In the analog signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the circuit diagram of the resistance type temperature acquisition detection channel of any one of the 29th to 30th;

[0056] Figure 24 In the analog signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the overall circuit diagram of the voltage type analog signal input detection channel of the 31st to 38th;

[0057] Figure 25 In the analog signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the circuit diagram of any one of 3-way 5V sensor power supply internal detection circuit;

[0058] Figure 26 The utility model relates to a kind of digital signal input detection module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of digital signal input detection module and microprocessor module connection;

[0059] Figure 27 In the digital signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the overall circuit diagram of the first 1 to 19th external digital signal detection circuit (conversion circuit);

[0060] Figure 28 In the digital signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the circuit diagram of the external digital signal detection circuit of any one of the 20th to 23rd;

[0061] Figure 29 In the digital signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the overall circuit diagram of the first 1 to 4th external SENT signal detection circuit;

[0062] Figure 30 In the digital signal input detection module of the hydrogen fuel cell controller of the utility model, the circuit diagram of the external capture signal detection circuit of any one of the first 1 to 4th;

[0063] Figure 31 For the utility model discloses a kind of Ethernet communication module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of Ethernet communication module and microprocessor module connection;

[0064] Figure 32 For the utility model discloses a kind of Ethernet communication module of hydrogen fuel cell controller circuit diagram;

[0065] Figure 33 For the utility model discloses a kind of Peak&Hold output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of Peak&Hold output module and microprocessor module connection;

[0066] Figure 34 For the utility model discloses a kind of Peak&Hold output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller circuit diagram;

[0067] Figure 35 For Figure 34 A part of enlargement in middle;

[0068] Figure 36 For Figure 34 B part of enlargement in middle;

[0069] Figure 37 For the utility model discloses a kind of high side / H bridge output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of high side / H bridge output module and microprocessor module connection;

[0070] Figure 38 For the utility model discloses a kind of high side / H bridge output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, high side output and part low side output circuit diagram;

[0071] Figure 39 For the utility model discloses a kind of high side / H bridge output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, arbitrary H bridge output circuit diagram in;

[0072] Figure 40 For the utility model discloses a kind of low side / PWM output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller, and the architecture schematic diagram of low side / PWM output module and microprocessor module connection;

[0073] Figure 41 For the utility model discloses a kind of low side / PWM output module of hydrogen fuel cell controller circuit diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following is combined with specific implementation case and attached Figures 1-41 Further illustrate the utility model, but the utility model is not limited to these embodiments.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] A hydrogen fuel cell controller, as shown in Figure 1 The controller includes a power module and a microprocessor module, the power module is connected to the microprocessor module, and the power module and the microprocessor module are respectively connected to a function module, the function module includes a CAN communication module, a LIN communication module, an analog signal input detection module, a digital signal input detection module, an Ethernet communication module, a Peak&Hold output module, a high side / H bridge output module, and a low side / PWM output module; the power module supplies power to each function module; the microprocessor module is used to realize the functions of program downloading and debugging; the CAN communication module is used for communication between the controller and the controllers in the vehicle CAN network, providing faster information interaction; the LIN communication module is used for communication with external sensors and components with LIN function; the analog signal input detection module is used to collect analog signals output by external sensors; the digital signal input detection module is used to detect the state signals of the external relay and switch of the stack; the Ethernet communication module integrates the hydrogen stack safety system and the communication subsystem to build a vehicle Ethernet system; the Peak&Hold output module is used to drive electromagnetic valves with peak power less than 158W; the high side / H bridge output module outputs driving signals, including driving relays, electromagnetic valves and motor equipment; and the low side / PWM output module is used to drive equipment, including vehicle water pumps and fans.

[0077] As shown in Figure 2 The microprocessor module includes a microprocessor chip, and the peripheral circuit connected to the microprocessor chip includes a clock signal circuit, an air pressure monitoring circuit, a JTAG interface circuit, a power supply interface circuit and a reset circuit; the circuit of the microprocessor chip is as shown in Figure 3 The clock signal circuit adopts a 20M passive crystal oscillator, is matched with two capacitors, and two output signals are directly connected to the clock pin of the microprocessor, so that the clock signal circuit provides an oscillation signal required for the microprocessor chip to run, as shown in Figure 4 The air pressure monitoring circuit adopts an atmospheric pressure monitoring chip, is connected to the I2C pin of the microprocessor chip, is used to monitor the air pressure state in real time, makes external equipment make real-time adjustment under different air pressure values, and ensures that the hydrogen fuel cell controller and the external system can work stably, as shown in Figure 5 The JTAG interface circuit is led out from the pin of the microprocessor chip to a 10-Pin JTAG interface, and the pin is pulled up to 5V or pulled down to the ground through a 10K resistor in series, the JTAG interface circuit is used to realize the functions of program downloading and debugging, as shown in Figure 6 The input end of the power supply interface circuit is used to be connected to the power module, the power supply voltage comes from the 5V and 3.3V power supply of the power module, and the power supply interface circuit is connected to a decoupling capacitor on each power supply pin of the microprocessor chip, so as to ensure voltage stability and filter out low-frequency interference, as shown in Figure 7The reset circuit is used for resetting and restarting the controller in case of program crash or failure. Figure 8

[0078] As shown in Figure 9 , the power module uses BUCK1 chip, BUCK2 chip, LDO1 chip, LDO2 chip, LDO3 chip, LDO4 chip, the power supply range of BUCK1 chip and BUCK2 chip is 3.3V-40V, the combination of BUCK1 chip and LDO1 chip can provide 7 voltage rails: 6 paths of 5V and 1 path of 3V voltage output, which is used for power supply of internal chips of the controller; the combination of BUCK2 chip and LDO2 chip, LDO3 chip, LDO4 chip can provide 4 voltage rails: 1 path of 7V and 3 paths of 5V voltage output, which is used for power supply of external sensors, each path of 5V output provides 400mA current for external sensors; at the same time, the BUCK1 chip has a watchdog function, a GPIO pin selected from the microprocessor chip is connected to the watchdog signal input pin of the BUCK1 chip as a dog feeding signal, so as to ensure that the microprocessor chip can reset and restart the work in time in case of program runaway or crash, and ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell controller can work continuously; the BUCK1 chip and the BUCK2 chip are also connected with a power supply filtering circuit and a wake-up signal input circuit, the input end of the power supply filtering circuit is connected with a storage battery, on the one hand, the power supply filtering circuit filters out the interference signals on the power supply line and the influence of inrush voltage and current on the stability of the power module, on the other hand, the power module generates external electromagnetic interference signals which are filtered out; the wake-up signal input circuit adopts the parallel input mode of automobile ignition wake-up and other wake-up sources, the other wake-up sources include CAN wake-up, LIN wake-up and vehicle start wake-up, the output end of the wake-up signal input circuit is connected to the enable pin of the BUCK1 chip, when the controller wakes up, the digital output pin of the ignition switch is high, so that when other wake-up signals disappear, the BUCK1 chip still has an enable signal to keep normal work, which realizes the power-on self-support function and controlled power-off function of the controller. Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15

[0079] As shown in Figure 16 ​​​​​​​As shown, the CAN communication module is used for making the controller correctly receive CAN information and communicate with external systems in real time; the CAN communication module takes a 6-way CAN transceiver as the core and has 3-way independent enable and disable control functions, one end of the CAN transceiver is connected with the CAN controller carried by the microprocessor chip, and the other end is connected with the CAN physical bus interface circuit, the interface circuit is realized in the same way, that is, a common mode choke coil, a bypass capacitor and a balance resistor are connected in series on the two-way differential signal of the output end; the circuit of the CAN communication module is as shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18 .

[0080] As shown in Figure 19 , the LIN communication module adopts a LIN communication chip TJA1021, the INH and LIN pins of the LIN communication chip are connected in series with a diode and a resistor to realize the active working mode of the LIN communication module, and the circuit of the LIN communication module is as shown in Figure 20 .

[0081] As shown in Figure 21 , the analog signal input detection module provides 38-way external analog signal input detection channels and 3-way 5V sensor power supply detection channels; among the 38-way external analog signal input detection channels, 28-way external analog signal detection channels are composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, can be transformed into voltage type detection or resistance type detection according to specific needs, meet different detection needs, 2-way resistance type temperature acquisition detection channels are composed of a differential amplification multi-channel integrated operational amplifier circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, through a differential circuit gain of 10 times, high-precision acquisition of external sensor actual measurement value, 8-way external 0-12V voltage type analog signal input detection channels are composed of a protection circuit and a conversion circuit, through a conversion chip for direct acquisition; the protection circuit provided in each external analog signal input detection channel is used to ensure the safety of the external analog signal input detection channel when the 5V sensor power supply voltage or high voltage pulse signal interference is exceeded, to protect the microprocessor chip from being damaged and to improve the anti-interference performance; the 3-way 5V sensor power supply detection channels are composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, to ensure that the controller can monitor the sensor power supply voltage in real time and ensure voltage stability; the circuit of the analog signal input detection module is as shown in Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 24 , Figure 25 ; in Figure 24 , AI29-AI38 in the frame line at C are the 31st to 38th analog signal detection channels in the analog signal input detection module.

[0082] As shown in Figure 26As shown, the digital signal input detection module provides 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 4 external SENT signal detection circuits, and 4 external capture signal detection circuits. Of the 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 19 are composed of conversion circuits, transmitting signals to the microprocessor module via conversion chips; 4 are composed of voltage divider circuits, protection circuits, and filter circuits. The 4 external SENT signal detection circuits are composed of pull-up protection circuits, voltage divider circuits, and filter circuits, enabling them to process signals transmitted from special sensors and providing a wide range of external sensor signal processing capabilities. The 4 external capture signal detection circuits are composed of protection circuits, voltage divider circuits, and filter circuits. Each signal has a protection circuit to ensure the controller is not damaged and improve system safety. The digital signal input detection module circuit is as follows: Figure 27 , Figure 28 , Figure 29 , Figure 30 As shown.

[0083] like Figure 31 As shown, the Ethernet communication module uses an Ethernet chip to improve the speed of external communication, process external signals or communication signals from other modules more quickly, understand the information of various parts of the vehicle in real time, and react quickly to ensure the safety of the vehicle and the driver; the Ethernet communication module circuit is as follows: Figure 32 As shown.

[0084] like Figure 33 As shown, the Peak&Hold output module is used to drive solenoid valves with a peak power of less than 158W. It provides a large current for a short initial period at the start of the drive to accelerate the opening speed of the solenoid valve, and then reduces the current after reaching the operating point to maintain the open state. The Peak&Hold output module uses the Peak&Hold chip as its core and matches peripheral components to provide output. The Peak&Hold output module provides high-power output and adds interface protection circuitry at the Peak&Hold chip port to ensure that the Peak&Hold chip is protected from interference or damage under stable output conditions. The circuit of the Peak&Hold output module is as follows: Figure 34 , Figure 35 , Figure 36 As shown.

[0085] like Figure 37As shown, the high-side / H-bridge output module includes a high-side chip and an H-bridge chip. The high-side chip is connected to a protection circuit and provides 12 high-side outputs, including 4 outputs of 1A current, 2 outputs of 8A current, 4 outputs of 5A current, and 2 outputs of 6A current. The H-bridge chip is connected to a protection circuit and provides 6 H-bridge outputs with an output current of 10A and current detection function. The microprocessor module controls the high-side / H-bridge output module by sending commands through the SPI serial bus and GPIO ports to control the corresponding output channels to open or close. The high-side / H-bridge output module performs pull-up processing on the SPI bus data input lines and chip select signals to prevent interference and distortion of the microprocessor's control signals and data during transmission, which could cause unexpected control actions. Both the high-side chip and the H-bridge chip have their own overcurrent protection mechanisms. When the output current exceeds the chip's withstand threshold, the chip automatically shuts off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage. The circuit of the high-side / H-bridge output module is shown below. Figure 38 and Figure 39 As shown.

[0086] like Figure 40 As shown, the low-side / PWM output module uses a low-side / PWM output chip, which is connected to a protection circuit and provides 30 low-side outputs, of which 24 support PWM output. Channels 1 to 8 are 3A / 2KHz and support current detection; channels 9 to 24 are 2A / 10KHz; and channels 25 to 30 are low-side outputs. The microprocessor module controls the low-side / PWM output module by sending commands through the GPIO channel to control the corresponding output channels to turn on or off. The low-side / PWM output module performs pull-up processing on the SPI bus data input lines and chip select signal to prevent interference and distortion of the microprocessor module's control signals and data during transmission, which could cause unexpected control actions. The low-side / PWM output chip itself has an overcurrent protection mechanism; when the output current exceeds the chip's withstand threshold, the chip automatically shuts off the output, thus protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage. The circuit of the low-side / PWM output module is shown below. Figure 38 and Figure 41 As shown, the 3A / 2KHz outputs of channels 1 to 8 are... Figure 41 The L9362013 chip controls the output, with channels 9 through 24 providing 2A / 10kHz. Figure 38 and Figure 41 The L9301 chip controls the output; the low-side outputs of channels 25 to 30 are... Figure 41 The 74HC chip controls the output.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell controller characterized by comprising: The controller comprises a power module and a microprocessor module, the power module is connected to the microprocessor module, and the power module and the microprocessor module are respectively connected to a function module, the function module comprises a CAN communication module, a LIN communication module, an analog signal input detection module, a digital signal input detection module, an Ethernet communication module, a Peak&Hold output module, a high-side / H-bridge output module and a low-side / PWM output module; the power module supplies power for each function module; the microprocessor module is used for realizing program downloading and debugging functions; the CAN communication module is used for communication between the controller and controllers in a vehicle CAN network, and provides faster information interaction; the LIN communication module is used for communication with external sensors and components with LIN functions; the analog signal input detection module is used for collecting analog signals output by external sensors; the digital signal input detection module is used for detecting external relay, switch state signals of a battery pack; the Ethernet communication module integrates a hydrogen battery safety system and a communication subsystem, and constructs a vehicle Ethernet system; the Peak&Hold output module is used for driving electromagnetic valves with a peak power less than 158 W; the high-side / H-bridge output module outputs driving signals, including driving relays, electromagnetic valves and motor equipment; and the low-side / PWM output module is used for driving equipment, including vehicle water pumps and fans.

2. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The microprocessor module comprises a microprocessor chip, and peripheral circuits connected to the microprocessor chip comprise a clock signal circuit, an atmospheric pressure monitoring circuit, a JTAG interface circuit, a power supply interface circuit and a reset circuit; the clock signal circuit adopts a 20M passive crystal oscillator, is matched with two matching capacitors, and two output signals are directly connected to clock pins of the microprocessor; the clock signal circuit provides an oscillation signal required for running of the microprocessor chip; the atmospheric pressure monitoring circuit adopts an atmospheric pressure monitoring chip, is connected to I2C pins of the microprocessor chip, is used for monitoring an atmospheric pressure state in real time, makes external equipment make real-time adjustment under different atmospheric pressure values, and ensures that a hydrogen fuel cell controller and external systems can work stably; the JTAG interface circuit is led out from pins of the microprocessor chip to a 10-Pin JTAG interface, and the pins are pulled up to 5V or pulled down to the ground through a 10K resistor in series; the JTAG interface circuit is used for realizing program downloading and debugging functions; an input end of the power supply interface circuit is used for being connected to the power module, power supply voltages come from 5V and 3.3V power supplies of the power module, and the power supply interface circuit is connected to a decoupling capacitor on each power supply pin of the microprocessor chip, so as to ensure voltage stability and filter low-frequency interference; and the reset circuit is used for resetting and starting working again in time in the case that the controller is dead or has a fault.

3. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The power module adopts BUCK1 chip, BUCK2 chip, LDO1 chip, LDO2 chip, LDO3 chip and LDO4 chip, the power supply range of the BUCK1 chip and the BUCK2 chip is 3.3V-40V, the combination of the BUCK1 chip and the LDO1 chip can build a circuit to provide seven voltage rails: six 5V and one 3V voltage output, which is used to supply power for the internal chip of the controller; the combination of the BUCK2 chip, the LDO2 chip, the LDO3 chip and the LDO4 chip can build a circuit to provide four voltage rails: one 7V and three 5V voltage output, which is used to supply power for the external sensor, and each 5V output provides 400mA current for the external sensor; meanwhile, the BUCK1 chip has a watchdog function, a GPIO pin selected from the microprocessor chip is connected to the watchdog signal input pin of the BUCK1 chip as a dog feeding signal, so that the power supply can be reset and restarted in time in the case of program runaway or crash of the microprocessor chip, and the hydrogen fuel cell controller can work continuously; the BUCK1 chip and the BUCK2 chip are also connected with a power supply filtering circuit and a wake-up signal input circuit, the input end of the power supply filtering circuit is connected with a storage battery, on the one hand, the power supply filtering circuit filters out the interference signals on the power supply line and the influence of surge voltage and current on the stability of the power module, on the other hand, the power supply filtering circuit filters out the external electromagnetic interference signals generated by the power module; the wake-up signal input circuit adopts the parallel input mode of automobile ignition wake-up and wake-up source, the wake-up source includes CAN wake-up, LIN wake-up and vehicle start wake-up, the output end of the wake-up signal input circuit is connected to the enable pin of the BUCK1 chip, when the controller is woken up, the digital output pin of the ignition switch is high, so that the BUCK1 chip still has an enable signal to keep normal work when the wake-up signal disappears, and the whole controller is powered, realizing the power-on self-support function and controlled power-off function of the controller.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell controller of claim 1, wherein, The CAN communication module is used for making the controller correctly receive CAN information and communicate with the external system in real time; the CAN communication module takes a 6-channel CAN transceiver as the core and has 3 independent enable and disable control functions, one end of the CAN transceiver is connected with the CAN controller carried by the microprocessor chip, and the other end is connected with the CAN physical bus interface circuit, the interface circuits are realized in the same way, that is, a common mode choke coil, a bypass capacitor and a balance resistor are connected in series on the two differential signals at the output end.

5. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The LIN communication module adopts a LIN communication chip TJA1021, and the INH and LIN pins of the LIN communication chip are connected in series with a diode and a resistor to realize the active working mode of the LIN communication module.

6. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The analog signal input detection module provides 38 external analog signal input detection channels and 3 5V sensor power supply detection channels; among the 38 external analog signal input detection channels, 28 external analog signal detection channels are each composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, can be transformed into voltage type detection or resistance type detection according to specific needs, meet different detection needs, 2 are resistance type temperature acquisition detection channels, each composed of a differential amplification multi-channel integrated operational amplifier circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, through a differential circuit gain of 10 times, high-precision acquisition of external sensor actual measurement value, 8 external 0~12V voltage type analog signal input detection channels are each composed of a protection circuit and a conversion circuit, directly collected through a conversion chip; the protection circuit provided in each external analog signal input detection channel is used to ensure the safety of the external analog signal input detection channel when the 5V sensor power supply voltage or high voltage pulse signal interference is exceeded, to protect the microprocessor chip from being damaged and to improve the anti-interference performance; the 3 5V sensor power supply detection channels are each composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a filter circuit and a protection circuit, to ensure that the controller can monitor the sensor power supply voltage in real time and ensure voltage stability.

7. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The digital signal input detection module provides 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 4 external SENT signal detection circuits and 4 external capture signal detection circuits; among the 23 external digital signal detection circuits, 19 are each composed of a conversion circuit and transmitted to the microprocessor module through a conversion chip, and 4 are each composed of a voltage dividing circuit, a protection circuit and a filter circuit; the 4 external SENT signal detection circuits are each composed of a pull-up protection circuit, a voltage dividing circuit and a filter circuit, and the external SENT signal detection circuit can process external sensor signals; the 4 external capture signal detection circuits are each composed of a protection circuit, a voltage dividing circuit and a filter circuit; each signal has a protection circuit to ensure that the controller is not damaged and to improve system safety.

8. A hydrogen fuel cell controller according to claim 1, wherein, The Ethernet communication module uses an Ethernet chip to improve the speed of external communication, more quickly process external signal or module communication signals, real-time understand the information of each component of the vehicle body, quickly respond and ensure the safety of the vehicle and the driver.

9. The hydrogen fuel cell controller of claim 1, wherein, The Peak&Hold output module is used to drive electromagnetic valves with peak power less than 158W, provides large current in a short time at the beginning of driving to speed up the opening speed of the electromagnetic valve, reduces the current after reaching the working point and maintains the opening state; the Peak&Hold output module takes a Peak&Hold chip as the core, matches peripheral devices to provide output; an interface protection circuit is added at the port of the Peak&Hold chip to ensure that the Peak&Hold chip is not disturbed or damaged under stable output.

10. The hydrogen fuel cell controller of claim 1, wherein, The high-side / H-bridge output module comprises a high-side chip and an H-bridge chip, the high-side chip is connected with a protection circuit, and 12 high-side outputs are provided, wherein 4 outputs are 1A current, 2 outputs are 8A current, 4 outputs are 5A current, and 2 outputs are 6A current; the H-bridge chip is connected with a protection circuit, and 6 H-bridge outputs are provided, the output current is 10A and has a current detection function; the microprocessor module controls the high-side / H-bridge output module in the mode of sending commands by using an SPI serial bus and a GPIO port to control the opening or closing of the corresponding output channel; the high-side / H-bridge output module performs pull-up processing on the data input line and the chip selection signal of the SPI bus, prevents the control signals and data of the microprocessor from being interfered and distorted in the transmission process, and causes unexpected control actions; the high-side chip and the H-bridge chip both have an overcurrent protection mechanism, when the output current exceeds the threshold value that can be borne by the chip, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage; The low-side / PWM output module adopts a low-side / PWM output chip, the low-side / PWM output chip is connected with a protection circuit, and 30 low-side outputs are provided, wherein 24 low-side outputs support PWM output; the first to eighth low-side outputs are 3A / 2KHz and support current detection function, the ninth to twenty-fourth low-side outputs are 2A / 10KHz, and the twenty-fifth to thirtieth low-side outputs are low-side outputs; the microprocessor module controls the low-side / PWM output module in the mode of sending commands by using a GPIO channel to control the opening or closing of the corresponding output channel; the low-side / PWM output module performs pull-up processing on the data input line and the chip selection signal of the SPI bus, prevents the control signals and data of the microprocessor module from being interfered and distorted in the transmission process, and causes unexpected control actions; the low-side / PWM output chip has an overcurrent protection mechanism, when the output current exceeds the threshold value that can be borne by the chip, the chip automatically turns off the output, thereby protecting the chip and preventing overcurrent damage.

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