Strip-shaped lamp
By setting a second light-transmitting element and a sealing structure in the mounting cavity of the strip light, the safety hazards and production cost problems caused by rainwater infiltration are solved, achieving high-efficiency waterproof performance and low-cost production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520157998.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing strip lights are prone to short circuits on the substrate when used outdoors due to rainwater seepage, posing a safety hazard. At the same time, traditional potting and sealing methods increase production costs and reduce production efficiency.
A second light-transmitting element is provided in the mounting cavity of the strip light along the length direction. The second light-transmitting element is sealed to the substrate. Combined with the sealing strip and slot structure, rainwater is prevented from contacting the substrate, and the potting sealant method is eliminated.
The waterproof performance of the strip lights has been improved, production costs have been reduced and production efficiency has been increased, the safety of the substrate and light source has been ensured, and normal lighting function has been maintained.
Smart Images
Figure CN223610085U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of lighting lamps and lanterns, especially a bar lamp. BACKGROUND
[0002] It is known that with the development of society and the continuous progress of science and technology, the style of lamps and lanterns is more and more, one of which is a bar lamp, the bar lamp mainly adopts LED light emitting chip as light source, which has the advantages of high brightness, low energy consumption, environmental protection and long service life, so it becomes the first choice of people to replace traditional fluorescent lamp tube, so the bar lamp is widely used in various environments for lighting.
[0003] The bar lamp generally adopts the following structure at present, including the bar lamp body in the shape of a long strip, the bar lamp body is generally produced by the way of aluminum extrusion forming, the inside of the bar lamp body is provided with an installation cavity with an open upper part, the front and rear ends of the bar lamp body are both provided with a communication port in communication with the installation cavity, a substrate is detachably installed inside the installation cavity, a plurality of LED light emitting chips capable of emitting light when powered are evenly and electrically connected on the substrate, a light transmission piece is detachably installed on the upper part of the bar lamp body, front and rear end cover pieces are detachably installed on the bar lamp body, when the LED light emitting chip is powered to emit light, the light emitted by the LED light emitting chip is shot at and passes through the light transmission piece, thereby illuminating the area opposite to the bar lamp.
[0004] Although the above-mentioned bar lamp can meet the needs of users for lighting, when the bar lamp is applied to outdoor environment, the bar lamp is easy to be drenched by rainwater, at this time, the rainwater can seep into the inside of the installation cavity along the gap between the light transmission piece and the bar lamp body, when the rainwater contacts the substrate, short circuit or damage to the substrate is easy to occur, thus there is a safety hazard.
[0005] Therefore, when producing the bar lamp, the enterprise generally installs the substrate in the installation cavity of the bar lamp body, then adopts the way of pouring glue to wrap and seal the substrate, LED light emitting chip and the like in the inside of the installation cavity, and then installs the light transmission piece on the upper part and the end cover pieces on the two ends of the bar lamp body correspondingly. By adopting the above-mentioned structure, even if the rainwater drenches the bar lamp and seeps into the inside of the bar lamp, the rainwater cannot contact the substrate or the LED light emitting chip, thus the probability of short circuit of the bar lamp is greatly reduced, the bar lamp is well protected, but the way of pouring glue to wrap the substrate and the LED light emitting chip makes the production process of the bar lamp complex, leads to the reduction of the production efficiency of the bar lamp, and also increases the production cost of the bar lamp. TECHNICAL PROBLEM
[0006] The utility model aims at solving one of the technical problems in the prior art. To this end, the utility model provides a bar lamp which can improve the waterproof performance of the bar lamp and the production efficiency of the bar lamp.
[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a strip light, comprising a strip light body, a first light-transmitting element, a substrate, and a second light-transmitting element. The strip light body is elongated and has an internal mounting cavity. A light-emitting port communicating with the mounting cavity is formed on the upper or lower surface of the strip light body. The first light-transmitting element is detachably mounted to the strip light body and covers and seals the light-emitting port. A light source capable of emitting light when energized is provided on the surface of the substrate. The substrate is disposed inside the mounting cavity, and the light emission direction of the light source faces the first light-transmitting element. The second light-transmitting element is arranged along the length of the strip light body inside the mounting cavity, and is located between the first light-transmitting element and the substrate. The two sides of the second light-transmitting element are correspondingly sealed to the inner walls of the opposite sides of the mounting cavity.
[0008] The beneficial effects of a strip light according to certain embodiments of this utility model:
[0009] This embodiment of a strip light features a second light-transmitting element arranged along the length of the strip light body within a mounting cavity. The second light-transmitting element is located between the first light-transmitting element and the substrate, and both sides of the second light-transmitting element are sealed to the inner walls of the mounting cavity on opposite sides. Therefore, the second light-transmitting element isolates the first light-transmitting element from the substrate. When the strip light is used outdoors, rainwater seeps into the mounting cavity through the gap between the first light-transmitting element and the strip light body, but cannot pass through the second light-transmitting element to reach the substrate. This effectively protects the substrate and the light source, significantly improving the waterproof performance of the strip light. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for the traditional method of sealing the substrate and light source with glue, thus improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.
[0010] In some embodiments of this utility model, the inner walls of the opposite sides of the mounting cavity are provided with a second slot located between the first light-transmitting element and the substrate. The second slot is arranged along the length direction of the strip lamp body. The two sides of the second light-transmitting element are correspondingly embedded in the two second slots. A first sealing structure for sealing the gap between the second slot and the second light-transmitting element is provided between each second slot and the second light-transmitting element.
[0011] In some embodiments of this utility model, the first sealing structure includes one or more sealing strips, which are arranged inside the second slot along the length direction of the strip lamp body, and the sealing strips seal the gap between the second slot and the strip lamp body.
[0012] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first sealing structure includes two sealing strips, two sealing strips are arranged in the second slot along the length direction of the bar lamp body, and one of the sealing strips is located between the inner wall of the second slot and the upper surface of the second light -transmitting piece, and the other sealing strip is located between the inner wall of the second slot and the lower surface of the second light -transmitting piece.
[0013] In some embodiments of the utility model, the second light -transmitting piece is a glass piece.
[0014] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first light -transmitting piece has a connecting portion connected with the bar lamp body, and the connecting portion is provided with a plug -in block on both sides, when the first light -transmitting piece is connected with the bar lamp body, two plug -in blocks are embedded in two first slots one by one.
[0015] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first light -transmitting piece is a diffusion plate.
[0016] In some embodiments of the utility model, the end of the bar lamp body is provided with a communication port in communication with the mounting cavity, and the end of the bar lamp body is detachably provided with an end cover piece capable of opening or plugging the communication port.
[0017] In some embodiments of the utility model, a sealing gasket is arranged between the end of the bar lamp body and the end cover piece, and when the end cover piece is mounted on the end of the bar lamp body, the sealing gasket seals the gap between the end cover piece and the end of the bar lamp body.
[0018] In some embodiments of the utility model, the two side walls of the mounting cavity are provided with a third slot at the corresponding position, and two third slots are arranged along the length direction of the bar lamp body, when the substrate is mounted in the mounting cavity, the two sides of the substrate are embedded in two third slots one by one. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] The utility model will be further explained in detail in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0020] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic diagram of the bar lamp of some embodiments of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 It is a partial structure exploded schematic diagram of the end cover piece, the sealing gasket and the bar lamp body in the bar lamp;
[0022] Figure 3 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp removal end cover member and a sealing gasket according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0023] Figure 4 Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of A in Fig. 2; Figure 3 Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a first light-transmitting member in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0024] Figure 5 Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp main body and a substrate in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 Fig. 6 is a parts view of the first light-transmitting member in the strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp main body and a substrate in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0025] Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp main body and a substrate in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp main body and a substrate in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a structure of a strip lamp main body and a substrate in a strip lamp according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present application in detail. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, which are used to supplement the description of the text part and make people understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the present application intuitively and visually. However, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.
[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right and the like, is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0028] In the description of the present application, the meaning of several is one or more, and the meaning of multiple is more than three. Greater than, less than, more than and the like are not included in the number, and above, below and the like are included in the number. If it is described as first, second and the like, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the sequence of indicated technical features.
[0029] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and the person skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical scheme.
[0030] Figures 1 to 6 Fig. 1 is a schematic view of some embodiments of a strip lamp according to the present application.
[0031] Referring to Figures 1 to 6 , and mainly referring to Figure 2 ,Figure 3 and Figure 4 According to the strip-shaped lamp of some embodiments of the utility model, for the convenience of description, sometimes only referred to as "strip-shaped lamp" in the following, a strip-shaped lamp comprises a strip-shaped lamp body 100, a first light-transmitting piece 200, a substrate 300 and a second light-transmitting piece 400. The strip-shaped lamp body 100 is in the shape of a long strip, and the strip-shaped lamp body 100 is internally provided with a mounting cavity 110. The upper surface or the lower surface of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 is provided with a light outlet 120 in communication with the mounting cavity 110. In this embodiment, the light outlet 120 is provided on the upper surface of the strip-shaped lamp body 100. The first light-transmitting piece 200 is detachably mounted on the upper part of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and the first light-transmitting piece 200 covers and blocks the light outlet 120. The substrate 300 is arranged inside the mounting cavity 110, and the upper surface of the substrate 300 is arranged with a plurality of light sources 310 capable of emitting light in an energized state at intervals. The light emitting directions of all the light sources 310 are directed towards the first light-transmitting piece 200. The second light-transmitting piece 400 is arranged inside the mounting cavity 110 along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and the second light-transmitting piece 400 is located between the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the substrate 300. The two sides of the second light-transmitting piece 400 are sealingly connected with the two opposite inner walls of the mounting cavity 110 respectively.
[0032] The strip-shaped lamp of this embodiment is provided with the second light-transmitting piece 400 arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 in the mounting cavity 110. The second light-transmitting piece 400 is located between the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the substrate 300, and the two sides of the second light-transmitting piece 400 are sealingly connected with the two opposite inner walls of the mounting cavity 110 respectively. Therefore, the second light-transmitting piece 400 separates the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the substrate 300 from each other. When the strip-shaped lamp of this embodiment is applied outdoors, rainwater can seep into the inside of the mounting cavity 110 from the gap between the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the strip-shaped lamp body 100, but the rainwater cannot contact the substrate 300 by passing through the second light-transmitting piece 400. Therefore, the substrate 300 and the light sources 310 are well protected, and the waterproof performance of the strip-shaped lamp of this embodiment is greatly improved. In addition, when the light sources 310 are energized to emit light, the light can pass through the second light-transmitting piece 400 and the first light-transmitting piece 200 in turn and irradiate to the outside of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, so that the strip-shaped lamp of this embodiment can be normally illuminated and used. The strip-shaped lamp of this embodiment does not need to use the sealing mode of pouring glue to wrap the substrate and the light sources as the traditional strip-shaped lamp does. Therefore, the production efficiency of the strip-shaped lamp is improved, and the production cost of the strip-shaped lamp is reduced.
[0033] With reference to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5In order to facilitate the two sides of the second light-transmitting piece 400 and the two opposite side walls of the mounting cavity 110 to be connected in a one-to-one correspondence, in some embodiments of the present application, the two opposite side walls of the mounting cavity 110 are provided with second insertion grooves 112, and the second insertion grooves 112 are located between the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the base plate 300. Each second insertion groove 112 is arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100. When the second light-transmitting piece 400 is embedded in the mounting cavity 110, the two sides of the second light-transmitting piece 400 are embedded in the two second insertion grooves 112 in a one-to-one correspondence, that is, one side of the second light-transmitting piece 400 is embedded in one of the second insertion grooves 112, and the other side of the second light-transmitting piece 400 is embedded in the other second insertion groove 112. A first sealing structure for sealing the gap between the second insertion groove 112 and the second light-transmitting piece 400 is arranged between each second insertion groove 112 and the second light-transmitting piece 400. By using the above-mentioned mode, the second light-transmitting piece 400 and the two opposite side walls of the mounting cavity 110 can be easily connected and sealed, and assembly is facilitated.
[0034] In order to make the structure of the strip-shaped lamp of the present embodiment more compact, in some embodiments of the present application, the first sealing structure comprises one or more sealing strips 410, which are arranged in the second insertion groove 112 along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and the sealing strip 410 seals the gap between the second insertion groove 112 and the strip-shaped lamp body 100.
[0035] In order to improve the sealing performance of the first sealing structure, in some embodiments of the present application, the first sealing structure comprises two sealing strips 410, which are arranged in the second insertion groove 112 along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and one of the two sealing strips 410 is located between the inner wall of the second insertion groove 112 and the upper surface of the second light-transmitting piece 400, and the other sealing strip 410 is located between the inner wall of the second insertion groove 112 and the lower surface of the second light-transmitting piece 400. By arranging two sealing strips 410 in each second insertion groove 112, the two sealing strips 410 simultaneously seal the gap between the second insertion groove 112 and one side of the second light-transmitting piece 400, achieving a double sealing effect, thereby greatly enhancing the sealing performance of the first sealing structure, and making the sealing connection effect between the two opposite side walls of the mounting cavity 110 and the second light-transmitting piece 400 better.
[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the second light-transmitting piece 400 is a glass piece, specifically, the second light-transmitting piece 400 is a long strip-shaped glass sheet. By using the above-mentioned structure, when the second light-transmitting piece 400 is installed in the mounting cavity 110, the second light-transmitting piece 400 can not only separate the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the base plate 300, but also the light emitted by the light source 310 can pass through the second light-transmitting piece 400 and irradiate to the first light-transmitting piece 200, thereby ensuring the light efficiency of the strip-shaped lamp.
[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to avoid the strip-shaped lamp from producing glare, the first light-transmitting piece 200 is a diffusion plate. By setting the first light-transmitting piece 200 as a diffusion plate, when the light emitted by the light source 310 is irradiated to the first light-transmitting piece 200, the first light-transmitting piece 200 diffuses the light, so that the strip-shaped lamp uniformly emits light without forming glare. In the present embodiment, the first light-transmitting piece 200 is an acrylic plate. Since the acrylic plate is a known technology in the art, no further description is given here.
[0038] With reference to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , in order to facilitate the connection between the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the strip-shaped lamp body 100, in some embodiments of the present application, the opposite two side walls of the mounting cavity 110 are provided with first insertion grooves 111 adjacent to the light outlet 120, and the first light-transmitting piece 200 is provided with a connecting portion 210 connected to the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and the two sides of the connecting portion 210 are provided with insertion blocks 211. When the first light-transmitting piece 200 is connected to the strip-shaped lamp body 100, the two insertion blocks 211 are correspondingly embedded in the two first insertion grooves 111. By using the above structure, when the first light-transmitting piece 200 is connected to the strip-shaped lamp body 100, it is only necessary to correspondingly embed the insertion blocks 211 of the first light-transmitting piece 200 in the two first insertion grooves 111, which is simple and convenient to operate.
[0039] In order to facilitate the installation of the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the second light-transmitting piece 400 in the mounting cavity 110 of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, in some embodiments of the present application, the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 is provided with a communication opening 130 communicating with the mounting cavity 110, and the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 is detachably provided with an end cover 140 capable of opening or blocking the communication opening 130. By using the above structure, when the first light-transmitting piece 200 and the second light-transmitting piece 400 need to be installed, the end cover 140 can be removed first, then the two insertion blocks 211 of the first light-transmitting piece 200 are aligned with the two first insertion grooves 111 from the communication opening 130 at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, then the first light-transmitting piece 200 is pushed to move to the other end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, so that the two insertion blocks 211 of the first light-transmitting piece 200 are correspondingly inserted into the two first insertion grooves 111. Similarly, the second light-transmitting piece 400 is aligned with the two second insertion grooves 112 from the communication opening 130 at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, then the second light-transmitting piece 400 is pushed to move to the other end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, so that the second light-transmitting piece 400 is inserted into the two second insertion grooves 112. Finally, the end cover 140 is installed at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 and blocks the communication opening 130, which is simple and convenient to operate.
[0040] In order to facilitate the installation of the substrate 300 in the installation cavity 110, in some embodiments of the present application, the third slot 113 is arranged on the corresponding position of the inner wall of the installation cavity 110, and the third slot 113 is arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped lamp body 100. When the substrate 300 is installed in the installation cavity 110, the two sides of the substrate 300 are embedded in the two third slots 113 one by one. Through the above structure, when the substrate 300 is installed, only the end cover 140 is removed from the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and then the substrate 300 is inserted into the two third slots 113 from the communication 130 at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, and finally the end cover 140 is installed at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100. It greatly facilitates the installation of the substrate 300.
[0041] In order to avoid rainwater from the gap between the end cover 140 and the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 into the installation cavity 110, in some embodiments of the present application, the sealing pad 150 is arranged between the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 and the end cover 140. When the end cover 140 is installed at the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100, the sealing pad 150 seals the gap between the end cover 140 and the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100. Through the above structure, the end cover 140 and the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 are sealed and connected, effectively preventing rainwater from the gap between the end cover 140 and the end of the strip-shaped lamp body 100 into the installation cavity 110, protecting the substrate 300 and the light source 310, and further enhancing the waterproof performance of the strip-shaped lamp of the present application.
[0042] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application.
Claims
1. A strip lamp, characterized in that The utility model relates to a bar lamp, which comprises a bar lamp body (100), a first light-transmitting piece (200), a substrate (300), and a second light-transmitting piece (400). The bar lamp body (100) is long and narrow, and has an installation cavity (110) inside. An upper surface or a lower surface of the bar lamp body (100) is provided with a light outlet (120) that is in communication with the installation cavity (110). The first light-transmitting piece (200) is detachably installed on the bar lamp body (100) and covers and seals the light outlet (120). The substrate (300) is provided with a light source (310) that can emit light when powered on. The substrate (300) is arranged inside the installation cavity (110), and the light source (310) is arranged to emit light towards the first light-transmitting piece (200). The second light-transmitting piece (400) is arranged inside the installation cavity (110) along the length direction of the bar lamp body (100). The second light-transmitting piece (400) is located between the first light-transmitting piece (200) and the substrate (300), and is sealingly connected to the two opposite inner walls of the installation cavity (110).
2. The bar lamp according to claim 1, wherein: The two opposite inner walls of the installation cavity (110) are each provided with a second insertion slot (112) that is located between the first light-transmitting piece (200) and the substrate (300). The second insertion slot (112) is arranged along the length direction of the bar lamp body (100). The two sides of the second light-transmitting piece (400) are each correspondingly embedded in a second insertion slot (112). A first sealing structure is arranged between each second insertion slot (112) and the second light-transmitting piece (400) to seal the gap between the second insertion slot (112) and the second light-transmitting piece (400).
3. The bar lamp according to claim 2, wherein: The first sealing structure comprises one or more sealing strips (410). The sealing strips (410) are arranged inside the second insertion slot (112) along the length direction of the bar lamp body (100). The sealing strips (410) seal the gap between the second insertion slot (112) and the bar lamp body (100).
4. The bar lamp according to claim 3, wherein: The first sealing structure comprises two sealing strips (410). The two sealing strips (410) are arranged inside the second insertion slot (112) along the length direction of the bar lamp body (100). One of the two sealing strips (410) is located between the inner wall of the second insertion slot (112) and the upper surface of the second light-transmitting piece (400), and the other sealing strip (410) is located between the inner wall of the second insertion slot (112) and the lower surface of the second light-transmitting piece (400).
5. The bar lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The second light-transmitting piece (400) is a glass piece.
6. The bar-shaped lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first light-transmitting piece (200) is provided with a connecting portion (210) connected with the bar-shaped lamp body (100), and both sides of the connecting portion (210) are provided with plug-in blocks (211), When the first light-transmitting piece (200) is connected with the bar-shaped lamp body (100), the two plug-in blocks (211) are embedded in the two first insertion grooves (111) one by one.
7. The bar-shaped lamp according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The first light-transmitting piece (200) is a diffusion plate.
8. The bar-shaped lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the bar-shaped lamp body (100) is provided with a communication port (130) communicated with the mounting cavity (110), and the end of the bar-shaped lamp body (100) is detachably provided with an end cover piece (140) capable of opening or blocking the communication port (130).
9. The bar-shaped lamp according to claim 8, characterized in that: The end of the bar-shaped lamp body (100) and the end cover piece (140) are provided with a sealing gasket (150), and when the end cover piece (140) is installed on the end of the bar-shaped lamp body (100), the sealing gasket (150) seals the gap between the end cover piece (140) and the end of the bar-shaped lamp body (100).
10. The bar-shaped lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two side inner walls of the mounting cavity (110) are provided with third insertion grooves (113) at corresponding positions, and the two third insertion grooves (113) are arranged along the length direction of the bar-shaped lamp body (100); When the substrate (300) is installed in the mounting cavity (110), the two sides of the substrate (300) are embedded in the two third insertion grooves (113) one by one.