Broadband branch line sum-difference device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of microwave devices, and particularly discloses a broadband branch line sum-difference device which comprises a first input end used for receiving an external first input signal; the second input end is used for receiving an external second input signal; the sum signal output end is used for outputting a sum signal to the outside, and the sum signal is a signal obtained by adding the first input signal and the second input signal; the difference signal output end is used for outputting a difference signal to the outside, and the difference signal is a signal obtained by subtracting the first input signal from the second input signal; each annular bridge comprises a first end, a second end, a sum end and a difference end; the impedance of the first end, the impedance of the second end, the impedance of the sum end and the impedance of the difference end are all smaller than the impedance of the first input end, the impedance of the second input end, the impedance of the sum signal output end and the impedance of the difference signal output end. And the impedance conversion networks are used for impedance matching. The sum-difference device not only can meet the requirement of large bandwidth, but also is convenient to process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave devices, and in particular to a wideband branch line and hybrid. BACKGROUND

[0002] In various phased array radars, the hybrid plays a very important role. When transmitting signals, the transmitting signals from the transmitter are input to the sum signal end of the hybrid through the transceiver circulator, and are divided into four paths and distributed to the four-quadrant feed network respectively to complete the transmitting excitation of the T / R (Transmit / Receive) components. When receiving signals, the radio frequency signals from the antenna array are synthesized by the quadrant feed network to form four receiving signals, which are then sent to the hybrid to form the sum beam, the azimuth difference beam and the elevation difference beam, or are sent to the receiver through the transceiver circulator. With the increasing demand for radar null depth, angle and distance measurement accuracy, weight, etc., the development of the hybrid closely follows the demand of the radar, and further requirements for the bandwidth, lightweight, easy integration, etc. of the hybrid are put forward.

[0003] At present, the most commonly used transmission line in the millimeter wave frequency band (30GHz-300GHz) is mainly in the form of a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), so the branch line and hybrid based on the PCB transmission line are most commonly used. However, due to the principle limitation of the branch line and hybrid, the working bandwidth is relatively narrow. In order to expand the bandwidth, the branches need to be increased, and in order to better match the impedance, the impedance of the increased branches needs to be increased, but the transmission line with a larger impedance is difficult to process due to the narrow line width. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a wideband branch and hybrid suitable for the millimeter wave frequency band, which can meet the demand of large bandwidth and make the line width larger and easier to process.

[0005] The wideband branch and hybrid proposed by the present application comprises:

[0006] a first input end for receiving an external first input signal, the impedance of the first input end being a first impedance;

[0007] a second input end for receiving an external second input signal, the impedance of the second input end being the first impedance;

[0008] a sum signal output end for outputting a sum signal to the outside, the sum signal being the signal obtained by adding the first input signal and the second input signal, the impedance of the sum signal output end being the first impedance;

[0009] a difference signal output terminal for outputting a difference signal to an outside, the difference signal being a signal obtained by subtracting the second input signal from the first input signal, the difference signal output terminal having an impedance of a first impedance;

[0010] at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges, wherein the at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges have different line widths, the ring-shaped electrical bridges including a first terminal, a second terminal, a sum terminal, and a difference terminal corresponding to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, the sum signal output terminal, and the difference signal output terminal, respectively, the first terminal, the second terminal, the sum terminal, and the difference terminal having an impedance of a second impedance, the second impedance being less than the first impedance;

[0011] a plurality of impedance transformation networks for impedance matching, respectively arranged between the first input terminal and the first terminal, between the second input terminal and the second terminal, between the sum signal output terminal and the sum terminal, and between the difference signal output terminal and the difference terminal.

[0012] The sum-difference device described above, the impedance transformation network includes a quarter wavelength transmission line, the impedance of the impedance transformation network is (Z01×Z02) 0.5 wherein Z01 is the first impedance, Z02 is the second impedance, and the quarter wavelength is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency.

[0013] The sum-difference device described above, the impedance transformation network includes a plurality of impedance transformation lines, the plurality of impedance transformation lines have different impedances, and the length of each of the impedance transformation lines is equal to a quarter wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency of the sum-difference device; or,

[0014] The impedance transformation network includes a gradually changing impedance transformation line, the gradually changing impedance transformation line has a gradually changing line width, the line width is thinner near the first impedance and thicker near the second impedance, and the length of the gradually changing impedance transformation line is greater than or equal to a half wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency of the sum-difference device and less than or equal to a wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency of the sum-difference device.

[0015] The sum-difference device described above, the first terminal and the second terminal pass through the same path length to reach the sum terminal, and the first terminal and the second terminal pass through path lengths with a phase difference of 180° to reach the difference terminal.

[0016] The sum-difference device described above, the plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges share the first terminal, the second terminal, the sum terminal, and the difference terminal.

[0017] The plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges include a first ring-shaped electrical bridge and a second ring-shaped electrical bridge, wherein,

[0018] The first ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a third impedance, and a line width of the first ring-shaped electrical bridge is a first width.

[0019] The second ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a fourth impedance, and at least part of a line width of the second ring-shaped electrical bridge is a second width.

[0020] An impedance value of the third impedance is less than an impedance value of the fourth impedance, and the line width of the first width is greater than the line width of the second width.

[0021] The sum-and-difference device described above, the first ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises: a first 90° branch, a second 90° branch, a third 90° branch and a first 270° branch, the first 90° branch is connected between the first end and the sum end, the second 90° branch is connected between the second end and the sum end, the third 90° branch is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the first 270° branch is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the first 90° branch, the second 90° branch, the third 90° branch and the first 270° branch is the first width.

[0022] The second ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises: a fourth 90° branch, a fifth 90° branch, a 180° branch and a 360° branch, the fourth 90° branch is connected between the first end and the sum end, the fifth 90° branch is connected between the second end and the sum end, the 180° branch is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the 360° branch is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the fourth 90° branch, the fifth 90° branch, the 180° branch and the 360° branch is the second width.

[0023] The sum-and-difference device described above, a plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges are connected in a ladder structure: the first 90° branch and the fourth 90° branch are multiplexed, the second 90° branch and the fifth 90° branch are multiplexed, the third 90° branch and the 180° branch are partially multiplexed, and the first 270° branch and the 360° branch are partially multiplexed.

[0024] The sum-and-difference device described above, the sum-and-difference device further comprises a first input branch, a second input branch, a sum output branch and a difference output branch, the first input branch, the second input branch, the sum output branch and the difference output branch have a second impedance and a fourth width of line width;

[0025] The first 90° branch and the third 90° branch are connected to the first end through the first input branch.

[0026] The second 90° branch and the first 270° branch are connected to the second end through the second input branch;

[0027] The third 90° branch and the first 270° branch are connected to the difference end through the difference output branch;

[0028] The first 90° branch and the second 90° branch are connected to the sum end through the sum output branch.

[0029] The above sum-difference device, the plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges further comprise a third ring-shaped electrical bridge, the third ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter wavelength transmission line with a fifth impedance, at least part of the line width of the third ring-shaped electrical bridge is a third width;

[0030] The impedance value of the fourth impedance is less than the impedance value of the fifth impedance, and the line width of the second width is greater than the line width of the third width;

[0031] The third ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a sixth 90° branch, a seventh 90° branch, a second 270° branch and a 450° branch, the sixth 90° branch is connected between the first end and the sum end, the seventh 90° branch is connected between the second end and the sum end, the second 270° branch is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the 450° branch is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the sixth 90° branch, the seventh 90° branch, the second 270° branch and the 450° branch is the third width, and the second 270° branch and the third 90° branch, the 180° branch are partially multiplexed respectively.

[0032] The above sum-difference device, the ratio of the impedance values of the second impedance, the third impedance, the fourth impedance and the fifth impedance is 1:1.35-1.45:1.75-1.85:1.95-2.05.

[0033] In the scheme, the first input end, the second input end, the sum signal output end and the difference signal output end of the sum-difference device need to be matched with the impedance of the front and rear devices, so the impedance of the first input end, the second input end, the sum signal output end and the difference signal output end is a first impedance (generally 50 ohm).

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the wideband branch line and difference device of the application comprises at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges, the line widths of the at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges are different, the ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a first end, a second end, a sum end and a difference end, and is used for adding and subtracting signals. Because the line widths of the plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges are different, the different line widths can have different impedances, and the plurality of impedance ring-shaped electrical bridges have a coupling effect, which can effectively expand the bandwidth of the sum-difference device.

[0035] The impedance of the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end is the second impedance, which is smaller than the first impedance (usually 50 ohms), and the smaller the impedance is, the larger the line width is. Compared with the impedance of the first input end, the second input end, the sum signal output end and the difference signal output end, the impedance of the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end is the first impedance. The scheme increases the line width of each of the plurality of ring-shaped bridges by reducing the impedance of the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end. After the line width is increased, it is beneficial to form the ring-shaped bridges on the PCB board, and the processing difficulty is reduced.

[0036] The impedance transformation network is respectively arranged between the first input end and the first end, between the second input end and the second end, between the sum signal output end and the sum end, and between the difference signal output end and the difference end. The first impedance of the first input end, the second input end, the sum signal output end and the difference signal output end can be matched to the second impedance of the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end, so as to realize the matching between different impedances, and the plurality of ring-shaped bridges can be matched with the front and rear devices in impedance.

[0037] In the application, the plurality of ring-shaped bridges share the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end, so that only four impedance transformation networks are needed to complete the impedance matching, and the circuit area is saved.

[0038] In the application, the sum and difference device further includes a first input branch, a second input branch, a sum output branch and a difference output branch. The impedance of the first input branch, the second input branch, the sum output branch and the difference output branch is the second impedance, so that the impedance matching can be better performed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped bridge according to the application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a sum and difference device including three ring-shaped bridges according to some embodiments of the application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a sum and difference device including two ring-shaped bridges according to some embodiments of the application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a composition of an impedance transformation network according to some embodiments of the application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a composition of another impedance transformation network according to some embodiments of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing it in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other possible options or modifications. To provide a deep understanding of this application, many specific details will be included in the following description. This application may also be implemented without using these details. In addition, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0045] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures, and is assumed to be the same definition.

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] First, let me introduce the structure and working principle of a ring bridge in this application. Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of a ring bridge according to this application.

[0048] As shown in the figure, the ring bridge includes a first input stub 3, a second input stub 4, an output stub 5, and a difference output stub 6. The first input stub 3 is used to receive an external first input signal (e.g., signal a), which is a radio frequency signal. The second input stub 4 is used to receive an external second input signal (e.g., signal b), which is also a radio frequency signal. The output stub 5 is used to output a sum signal (e.g., signal a+b), which is the sum of the first and second input signals. The difference output stub 6 is used to output a difference signal (e.g., signal ab), which is the difference between the first and second input signals.

[0049] The ring-shaped electrical bridge includes three 90° branches and one 270° branch. A signal passing through a 90° branch is phase-shifted by 90°, and a signal passing through a 270° branch is phase-shifted by 270°. The first 90° branch 7 is a signal path (or a part of a signal path) between the first input branch 3 and the output branch 5; the second 90° branch 15 is a signal path (or a part of a signal path) between the second input branch 4 and the output branch 5; the third 90° branch 9 is a signal path (or a part of a signal path) between the first input branch 3 and the difference output branch 6; and the first 270° branch, corresponding to the branches 1 and 8 shown in the figure, is a signal path (or a part of a signal path) between the second input branch 4 and the difference output branch 6. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the first 90° branch, the second 90° branch, the third 90° branch, and the first 270° branch form a square ring. In other embodiments, the ring can be circular or have other shapes, as long as it forms a closed loop.

[0050] Specifically, one end of the first input branch 3 is connected to one end of the first 90° branch 7 and one end of the third 90° branch 9, respectively; one end of the second input branch 4 is connected to one end of the second 90° branch 15 and one end of the first 270° branch 1, 8, respectively; one end of the output branch 5 is connected to the other end of the first 90° branch 7 and the other end of the second 90° branch 15, respectively; and one end of the difference output branch 6 is connected to the other end of the third 90° branch 9 and the other end of the first 270° branch 1, 8, respectively.

[0051] The lengths of the branches described above are related to the length of a quarter-wave transmission line. The quarter-wave length is one quarter of the wavelength of the center operating frequency of the ring-shaped electrical bridge. The center operating frequency of the ring-shaped electrical bridge is the frequency at which the ring-shaped electrical bridge is designed to operate most effectively. At this frequency, the performance of the ring-shaped electrical bridge is optimal, including signal distribution, isolation, and matching.

[0052] In this application, the shortest length of a quarter-wave transmission line that causes a 90° phase shift in a radio frequency signal is defined as the base length L of a branch. That is, when a radio frequency signal passes through a branch with a length of the base length L, the phase of the radio frequency signal changes by 90°. Figure 1 The lengths of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5, the difference output branch 6, the first 90° branch 7, the second 90° branch 15, the third 90° branch 9, and the first 270° branch 1, 8 shown in the figure are all integer multiples of the base length L. Furthermore, the lengths of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5, and the difference output branch 6 are equal; the lengths of the first 90° branch 7 and the second 90° branch 15 are equal; and the lengths of the third 90° branch 9 and the first 270° branch 1, 8 differ by two base lengths (the phase difference remains 180°). In some embodiments, the lengths of the first 90° branch 7 and the second 90° branch 15 can differ by one base length (the phase difference remains 90°).Figure 1 In order to clearly show the length relationship of each branch, each branch is spliced and displayed in units of base length L. In actual products, all branches can be a whole, that is, the ring-shaped electrical bridge is integrally formed. Similarly, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 In the ring-shaped electrical bridge shown in the figure, each branch is spliced and displayed in units of base length L.

[0053] In the ring-shaped electrical bridge shown in the figure, Figure 1 In the ring-shaped electrical bridge shown in the figure, the first input branch 3 inputs a radio frequency signal a, and the second input branch 4 inputs a radio frequency signal b. The signal flows as follows:

[0054] 1) After the radio frequency signal a passes through the first input branch 3, it is divided into two paths as shown by the dashed arrows. One path passes through the first 90° branch 7 and enters the sum output branch 5, and the other path passes through the third 90° branch 9 and enters the difference output branch 6.

[0055] 2) After the radio frequency signal b passes through the second input branch 4, it is divided into two paths as shown by the solid arrows. One path passes through the sum and the second 90° branch 15 and enters the sum output branch 5, and the other path passes through the first 270° branch 1, 8 and enters the difference output branch 6.

[0056] 3) The sum output branch 5 leads out a signal at the connection point of the first 90° branch 7 and the second 90° branch 15. The radio frequency signal a and the radio frequency signal b flow through the same path / length in each branch, that is, the phase change is also the same. The radio frequency signal a and the radio frequency signal b are superimposed in the sum output branch 5 to form a sum signal, and the sum output branch 5 outputs the sum signal a+b.

[0057] 4) The difference output branch 6 leads out a signal at the intersection of the third 90° branch 9 and the first 270° branch 1, 8. The length of the branch through which the radio frequency signal b flows is one branch 8 longer than the length of the branch through which the radio frequency signal a flows. The length of the branch 8 is set to two base lengths, or six, ten, … base lengths, so that the phase of the radio frequency signal b changes by 180°. Then the radio frequency signal a and the radio frequency signal b are subtracted in the difference output branch 6 to form a difference signal, and the difference output branch 6 outputs the difference signal a-b.

[0058] In the ring-shaped electrical bridge shown in the figure, the impedance of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the sum output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6 is standard 50 ohms, which matches the impedance of other devices.

[0059] The working bandwidth of a single ring-shaped electrical bridge is too narrow to meet the requirement of large bandwidth. In order to expand the bandwidth, multiple ring-shaped electrical bridges can be provided. Because the line widths of multiple ring-shaped electrical bridges are different, different line widths can have different impedances, and multiple impedance ring-shaped electrical bridges can effectively expand the bandwidth of the difference.

[0060] Generally, the smaller the signal line width of the transmission line, the greater the impedance. In order to expand the bandwidth of the hybrid, the number of parallel ring bridges needs to be increased, because the working bandwidth will be expanded due to the coupling effect between different ring bridges. When the number of ring bridges is greater than two, the transmission line impedance of at least one ring bridge needs to be greater than the standard 50 ohm. This will cause the transmission line width of the at least one ring bridge to be too small to be realized by PCB processing at this stage.

[0061] For this purpose, Figure 2 A further improved hybrid is proposed, which can expand the bandwidth of the hybrid and facilitate processing. In Figure 2 The embodiment shown in the figure is described by taking a hybrid containing three ring bridges (a first ring bridge 25, a second ring bridge 26 and a third ring bridge 27) as an example.

[0062] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the hybrid 10 can include four input and output terminals, wherein the first input terminal 11 is used to receive an external first input signal a, the first input signal a is a radio frequency signal, and the impedance of the first input terminal 11 is a first impedance; the second input terminal 12 is used to receive an external second input signal b, the second input signal b is a radio frequency signal, and the impedance of the second input terminal 12 is also the first impedance; the sum signal output terminal 13 is used to output a sum signal to the outside, the sum signal is the sum of the first input signal and the second input signal, which is the sum a+b of the two signals, and the impedance of the sum signal output terminal is the first impedance; the difference signal output terminal 14 is used to output a difference signal to the outside, the difference signal is the difference between the first input signal and the second input signal, which is the difference a-b of the two signals, and the impedance of the difference signal output terminal 14 is the first impedance. Those skilled in the art can know that the first input terminal 11, the second input terminal 12, the sum signal output terminal 13 and the difference signal output terminal 14 are the ports of the hybrid 10 connected with the front and rear devices, and the port impedance, i.e. the size of the first impedance, needs to be matched with the port impedance of the front and rear devices to improve the power transmission efficiency, reduce signal reflection and loss. In this embodiment, the matching impedance of each port adopts the common port impedance of 50 ohm, i.e. the first impedance in this embodiment is 50 ohm.

[0063] Among them, the impedance of the first input terminal 11, the second input terminal 12, the sum signal output terminal 13 and the difference signal output terminal 14 is the first impedance, which can be understood as that from the inside of the hybrid 10, the impedance of the four terminals is the first impedance 50 ohm.

[0064] In the embodiment, the sum-difference device 10 includes three ring-shaped bridges, which form a triple bridge. The triple bridge includes a first ring-shaped bridge 25, a second ring-shaped bridge 26, and a third ring-shaped bridge 27. The three ring-shaped bridges are all formed by high-frequency transmission lines. The first ring-shaped bridge 25 includes a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a third impedance and a first width. The second ring-shaped bridge 26 includes a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a fourth impedance and a second width. The third ring-shaped bridge 27 includes a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a fifth impedance and a third width. The first width is greater than the second width, the second width is greater than the third width, the third impedance is less than the fourth impedance, and the fourth impedance is less than the fifth impedance. Figure 2 In the structure shown, the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the second ring-shaped bridge 26, and the third ring-shaped bridge 27 share some branches, forming a ladder-shaped structure.

[0065] In the embodiment, the widths of the high-frequency transmission lines in the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the second ring-shaped bridge 26, and the third ring-shaped bridge 27 are set to different widths. The coupling between the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the second ring-shaped bridge 26, and the third ring-shaped bridge 27 can increase the operating bandwidth of the sum-difference device 10. For example, if there is only the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the operating bandwidth is 30G±1G; if the second ring-shaped bridge 26 is added to the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the operating bandwidth is 30G±4G; if the third ring-shaped bridge 27 is added to the first ring-shaped bridge 25 and the second ring-shaped bridge 26, the operating bandwidth is 30G±8G. Different signal components in the input radio frequency signals a and b can be transmitted through different ring-shaped bridges. Compared with a sum-difference device with only one ring-shaped bridge, the embodiment achieves the purpose of expanding the bandwidth by increasing the number of ring-shaped bridges.

[0066] In the embodiment, the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the second ring-shaped bridge 26, and the third ring-shaped bridge 27 share the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23, and the difference end 24. The shared ends can save the volume / area of the sum-difference device 10. The first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23, and the difference end 24 are respectively connected to the first input end 11, the second input end 12, the sum signal output end 13, and the difference signal output end 14, for receiving the first input signal a, the second input signal b, the output sum signal a+b, and the output difference signal a-b. In other embodiments, the first ring-shaped bridge 25, the second ring-shaped bridge 26, and the third ring-shaped bridge 27 can not share the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23, and the difference end 24.

[0067] The impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is less than the first impedance 50 ohm, and the impedance of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6 is equal to the first impedance 50 ohm, that is, the impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is greater than the impedance of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6. The impedance (second impedance) of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 can be understood as the impedance less than the first impedance 50 ohm from the inside of the ring bridge to the four ends.

[0068] Because the impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is less than the first impedance 50 ohm, the line width of the three ring bridges is larger, which is easier to manufacture on the PCB board and reduces the difficulty of process processing.

[0069] Between the four input and output ends and the three ring bridges, four impedance transformation networks 20 are arranged, which are used to match the impedance and match between the second impedance and the first impedance, so that the impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is less than the first impedance 50 ohm, and the impedance inside the summer-difference device 10 is matched to a standard / common impedance, so that the summer-difference device 10 can match the impedance of the front and rear devices.

[0070] Specifically, the four impedance transformation networks 20 are arranged between the first input end 11 and the first end 21, the second input end 12 and the second end 22, the sum signal output end 13 and the sum end 23, and the difference signal output end 14 and the difference end 24, respectively.

[0071] The following will be described in detail Figure 2 The ladder-shaped structure of the triple bridge shown in the figure:

[0072] The first ring bridge 25 in the triple bridge includes a first 90° branch 31, a second 90° branch 49, a third 90° branch 33 and a first 270° branch (including branches 34 and 32). The first 90° branch 31 is connected between the first end 21 and the sum end 23, the second 90° branch 49 is connected between the second end 22 and the sum end 23, the third 90° branch 33 is connected to the first end 21 at one end and connected to the difference end 24 through the branch 36 of the second ring bridge 26 and the branch 39 of the third ring bridge 27 at the other end, and the first 270° branch is connected to the second end 22 at one end and connected to the difference end 24 through the branch 36 of the second ring bridge 26 and the branch 39 of the third ring bridge 27 at the other end. In combination with the description of the first ring bridge 25, the second ring bridge 26 and the third ring bridge 27, the impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is less than the first impedance 50 ohm, and the impedance of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6 is equal to the first impedance 50 ohm, that is, the impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is greater than the impedance of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6. The impedance (second impedance) of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 can be understood as the impedance less than the first impedance 50 ohm from the inside of the ring bridge to the four ends. Figure 1As shown in the description of the first input terminal 11 inputting the radio frequency signal a and the second input terminal 12 inputting the radio frequency signal b, the radio frequency signal a is transmitted along the dotted arrow in the first loop bridge 25, and the radio frequency signal b is transmitted along the solid arrow in the first loop bridge 25.

[0073] The line width of the first 90° branch, the second 90° branch, the third 90° branch and the first 270° branch is the first width.

[0074] The second loop bridge 26 in the triple bridge includes a fourth 90° branch 31, a fifth 90° branch 49, a 180° branch (including branches 33, 36) and a 360° branch (including branches 34, 37, 35). It can be seen that the fourth 90° branch is multiplexed with the first 90° branch, the fifth 90° branch is multiplexed with the second 90° branch, the branch 33 in the 180° branch is also multiplexed with the third 90° branch, and the branch 34 in the 360° branch is multiplexed with the branch 34 in the first 270° branch. Similarly, in combination with the description of the first input terminal 11 inputting the radio frequency signal a and the second input terminal 12 inputting the radio frequency signal b, the radio frequency signal a is transmitted along the dotted arrow and the radio frequency signal b is transmitted along the solid arrow. Those skilled in the art can understand that, since the embodiment is arranged to multiplex the partial branches of the three bridges in order to reduce the area / volume occupied by the loop bridge, the partial branches can be part of the first loop bridge 25 or part of the second loop bridge 26. The line width of the fourth 90° branch, the fifth 90° branch, the 180° branch and the 360° branch is the second width, and the part multiplexed with the first loop bridge 25 adopts the width of the branch in the first loop bridge 25. Figure 1

[0075] The third loop bridge 27 in the triple bridge includes a sixth 90° branch 31, a seventh 90° branch 49, a second 270° branch (including branches 33, 36, 39) and a 450° branch (including branches 34, 37, 40, 38). Similarly, the sixth 90° branch is multiplexed with the first 90° branch, the seventh 90° branch is multiplexed with the second 90° branch, the second 270° branch is connected between the first end 21 and the difference end 24, and the branches 33, 36 are multiplexed with the branches 33, 36 in the first loop bridge 25 and the second loop bridge 26, and the 450° branch is connected between the second end 22 and the difference end 24, and the branches 34, 37 are multiplexed with the branches 34, 37 in the first loop bridge 25 and the second loop bridge 26. The line width of the sixth 90° branch, the seventh 90° branch, the second 270° branch and the 450° branch is the third width, and the part multiplexed with the first loop bridge 25 and the second loop bridge 26 adopts the width of the branch in the first loop bridge 25 and the second loop bridge 26.

[0076] ​In a ladder-shaped structure, the branches 32 in the first 270° branch, the branches 35 in the 360° branch, and the branches 38 in the 450° branch can be arranged in parallel, which is called a "step" or "staircase".

[0077] In some embodiments, the sum and difference circuit 10 may further include a first input branch 3, a second input branch 4, a sum output branch 5, and a difference output branch 6, which serve as input and output branches shared by the three ring bridges, thereby simplifying the circuit and saving PCB area.

[0078] Considering the same connection relationships, this embodiment uses a triple bridge multiplexing input / output stubs and impedance transformation network, i.e., as follows: Figure 2 The first input stub 3, the second input stub 4, the output stub 5, the differential output stub 6, and the four impedance transformation networks 20 shown are multiplexed by a triple bridge. The impedance transformation networks 20 are used for impedance matching, matching the impedance of the triple bridge to a standard 50 ohms so that the sum and difference circuit 10 can match the impedances of the preceding and following stages. The first input stub 3, the second input stub 4, the output stub 5, and the differential output stub 6 are located between the four impedance transformation networks 20 and the triple bridge, respectively, serving to connect the triple bridge and the impedance transformation networks. The impedance of the first input stub 3, the second input stub 4, and the output stub 5 is the second impedance, and the linewidth is the fourth width. The fourth width is greater than the first width, the first width is greater than the second width, and the second width is greater than the third width impedance; the impedance value of the second impedance is less than the impedance value of the third impedance, the impedance value of the third impedance is less than the impedance value of the fourth impedance, and the impedance value of the fourth impedance is less than the impedance value of the fifth impedance. The impedances of the first input stub 3, the second input stub 4, the output stub 5, and the differential output stub 6 are all the same as the impedances of the first terminal, the second terminal, the sum terminal, and the differential terminal, which can better achieve impedance matching.

[0079] For the convenience of connecting with the impedance transformation network 20, the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the sum output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6 are led out from the triple bridge by high frequency transmission lines. One end of the first input branch 3 is the first end 21, one end of the first impedance transformation network 20 is connected with the first input end 11, and the other end is connected with the first end 21; the other end of the first input branch 3 is connected with the intersection of the sum branch 31 and the third 90° branch 33 in the first loop bridge 25. One end of the second input branch 4 is the second end 22, one end of the second impedance transformation network 20 is connected with the second input end 12, and the other end is connected with the second end 22; the other end of the second input branch 4 is connected with the intersection of the sum branch 31 and the first 270° branch 34 in the first loop bridge 25. One end of the sum output branch 5 is the sum end 23, one end of the third impedance transformation network 20 is connected with the sum signal output end 13, and the other end is connected with the sum end 23; the other end of the sum output branch 5 is connected with the connection point of the first 90° branch 31 and the second 90° branch 49 in the first loop bridge 25, so as to ensure that the path length of the radio frequency signal a and the radio frequency signal b is the same. One end of the difference output branch 6 is the difference end 24, one end of the fourth impedance transformation network 20 is connected with the difference signal output end 14, and the other end is connected with the difference end 24; the other end of the difference output branch 6 is connected with the intersection of the second 270° branch (including the branches 33, 36 and 39) and the third difference branch 38 in the third loop bridge 27, so as to ensure that the path length of the radio frequency signal b is more than that of the radio frequency signal a by 180° phase. In the embodiment, the port impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24 is less than the first impedance, and the four impedance transformation networks 20 match the port impedance of the first end 21, the second end 22, the sum end 23 and the difference end 24, so as to realize the impedance matching with the front and rear devices. In addition, the line width of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, the sum output branch 5 and the difference output branch 6 is the branch width, and the impedance is the second impedance. The appropriate transmission line width means the appropriate impedance, and good impedance matching can be realized.

[0080] RF signals a and b are input from the first input terminal 11 and the second input terminal 12 respectively, and the RF signal a passes through the first input terminal 11, the impedance transformation network 20, the first end 21, the first input branch 3, the first 90° branch 31, and the output branch 5, and the end 23, the impedance transformation network 20 to the and signal output terminal 13 in sequence, and the RF signal b passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second end 22, the second input branch 4, the second 90° branch 49, and the output branch 5, and the end 23, the impedance transformation network 20 to the and signal output terminal 13 in sequence. Since the RF signals a and b pass through high-frequency transmission lines of the same length, the phase of the two signals does not change relatively, and the signal output by the and signal output terminal 13 is a+b. The RF signal a can also pass through the first input terminal 11, the impedance transformation network 20, the first end 21, the first input branch 3, the second 270° branch (corresponding to the branches 33, 36, and 39), the difference output branch 6, the difference end 24, and the impedance transformation network 20 to the difference signal output terminal 14 in sequence as indicated by the dashed arrow, and the RF signal b can also be divided into three parts as indicated by the solid arrow:

[0081] The first part passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second end 22, the second input branch 4, the first 270° branch (corresponding to the branches 34 and 32), the branch 36, the branch 39, the difference end 24, and the impedance transformation network 20 to the difference signal output terminal 14 in sequence; for the RF signal b of the first part, compared with the RF signal a, the path walked by the RF signal b is longer by the branch 32, which is two basic lengths of high-frequency transmission line, that is, the phase of the two signals changes by 180° relatively;

[0082] The second part passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second end 22, the second input branch 4, the 360° branch (corresponding to the branches 34, 37, and 35), the branch 39, the difference end 24, and the impedance transformation network 20 to the difference signal output terminal 14 in sequence; for the RF signal b of the second part, compared with the RF signal a, the path walked by the RF signal b is longer by the branch 35, which is two basic lengths of high-frequency transmission line, that is, the phase of the two signals changes by 180° relatively;

[0083] The third part passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second end 22, the second input branch 4, the 450° branch (corresponding to the branches 34, 37, 40, and 38), the difference end 24, and the impedance transformation network 20 to the difference signal output terminal 14 in sequence. For the RF signal b of the third part, compared with the RF signal a, the path walked by the RF signal b is longer by the branch 38, which is two basic lengths of high-frequency transmission line, that is, the phase of the two signals changes by 180° relatively;

[0084] Therefore, the phase amplitude of each part of the RF signal b and RF signal a has changed by 180° relative to each other, and the signal output by the difference signal output terminal 14 is ab. In this embodiment, two high-frequency transmission lines are used as an example. In actual implementation, it can be a high-frequency transmission line with a length of two basic lengths, or it can be a high-frequency transmission line with a length of 4n+2 basic lengths, where n is a natural number.

[0085] High-frequency transmission lines often have the following characteristics: thin dielectric thickness, narrow signal line width, small overall size, high processing difficulty, and difficulty in processing PCB transmission lines with characteristic impedance greater than 50 ohms. In this embodiment, the line widths of the three ring bridges used decrease sequentially. When the ring bridge with the smallest line width (e.g., Figure 2 When the impedance of the third ring bridge 27 in the circuit is around 50 ohms, the processing difficulty of the other two rings is still within a reliable range. However, if the resistance of the third ring bridge 27, which has the smallest linewidth, is greater than 50 ohms, its processing will be significantly more difficult. Therefore, based on theoretical guidance and experimental comparison, this embodiment determines the impedance ratio of the second, third, fourth, and fifth impedances to be 1:1.35~1.45:1.75~1.85:1.95~2.05, which can effectively expand the bandwidth. For example, if the impedance ratio of the second, third, fourth, and fifth impedances is 1:1.414:1.8:2, and the maximum impedance is 50 ohms, the impedance values ​​of the second, third, fourth, and fifth impedances are 25 ohms, 35.35 ohms, 45 ohms, and 50 ohms, respectively. These four impedance values ​​are relatively easy to process with current technology, thus reducing manufacturing difficulty. However, since the total impedance of the three ring bridges is much smaller than the first impedance (50 ohms), it is not conducive to the cascading of the sum and difference circuit 10 with the preceding and following stage devices. Therefore, this embodiment sets up the aforementioned impedance transformation network 20 to match the impedance.

[0086] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a sum and difference circuit comprising two ring bridges, according to some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 The results are different. Figure 3The middle two looped electrical bridges are relatively independent and do not have multiplexed transmission lines. As shown, the middle small circle part is the first looped electrical bridge 25, which includes the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, and the output branch 5, the difference output branch 6, the first 90° branch 41, the second 90° branch 50, the third 90° branch 43, and the first 270° branch (including branches 44, 42). One end of the first input branch 3 is the first end 21, which is connected to the first input end 11 after being connected to the impedance conversion network 20, and the other end of the first input branch 3 is connected to the intersection of the first 90° branch 41 and the third 90° branch 43; one end of the second input branch 4 is the second end 22, which is connected to the second input end 12 after being connected to the impedance conversion network 20, and the other end of the second input branch 4 is connected to the intersection of the second 90° branch 4250 and the first 270° branch 44, 42; and one end of the output branch 5 is the sum end 23, which is connected to the sum signal output end 13 after being connected to the impedance conversion network 20, and the other end of the output branch 5 is connected to the connection point of the first 90° branch 41 and the second 90° branch 50; one end of the difference output branch 6 is the difference end 24, which is connected to the difference signal output end 14 after being connected to the impedance conversion network 20, and the other end of the difference output branch 6 is connected to the intersection of the third 90° branch 43 and the first 270° branch 44, 42. The line width of the first input branch 3, the second input branch 4, and the output branch 5, the difference output branch 6 is the fourth width, and the line width of the first 90° branch 41, the second 90° branch 50, the third 90° branch 43, and the first 270° branch 44, 42 is the first width.

[0087] The outer circle part is the second looped electrical bridge 26, which includes: the fourth 90° branch 45, the fifth 90° branch 47, the sixth 90° branch 47, and the second 270° branch (including branches 48, 46). In Figure 3In the figure, the fourth 90° stub 45, the fifth 90° stub 47, the sixth 90° stub 47 and the second 270° stub (including stubs 48, 46) are longer in length, and for the sake of clarity, they are not shown in units of base length L. The fourth 90° stub 45 is connected at one end to the impedance transformation network 20 of the first input terminal 11 and at the other end to the impedance transformation network 20 of the second input terminal 12, and the connection point of the fourth 90° stub 45 and the fifth 90° stub 51 is connected to the impedance transformation network 20 of the sum signal output terminal 13. The sixth 90° stub 47 is connected at one end to the impedance transformation network 20 of the difference signal output terminal 14 and at the other end to the impedance transformation network 20 of the first input terminal 11; the second 270° stub 48, 46 is connected at one end to the impedance transformation network 20 of the second input terminal 12 and at the other end to the impedance transformation network 20 of one end of the difference signal output terminal 14. In the second loop bridge 26, the radio frequency signal a passes through the first input terminal 11, the impedance transformation network 20, the first terminal 21, the fourth 90° stub 45, and the terminal 23, the impedance transformation network 20 in turn to reach the sum signal output terminal 13; the radio frequency signal b passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second terminal 22, the fourth 90° stub 45, and the terminal 23, the impedance transformation network 20 in turn to reach the sum signal output terminal 13, so that the sum signal a+b is obtained at the sum signal output terminal 13. The radio frequency signal a also passes through the first input terminal 11, the impedance transformation network 20, the first terminal 21, the sixth 90° stub 47, the difference terminal 24, the impedance transformation network 20 in turn to reach the difference signal output terminal 14, and the radio frequency signal b also passes through the second input terminal 12, the impedance transformation network 20, the second terminal 22, the second 270° stub 48, 46, the difference terminal 24, the impedance transformation network 20 in turn to reach the difference signal output terminal 14. Because the first 270° stub 44, 42 of the first loop bridge 25 in the figure is two base lengths longer than the high-frequency transmission line of the third 90° stub 43, the phase of the radio frequency signal b reaching the difference terminal 24 (the difference signal output terminal 14) has changed by 180° relative to the radio frequency signal a, and the difference signal a-b is obtained at the difference signal output terminal 14.

[0088] Because the first loop bridge 25 and the second loop bridge 26 are relatively independent, their center operating frequencies can also be different, that is, the embodiment is equivalent to arranging two independent loop bridges in a sum-difference device to meet different design requirements. In other embodiments, the embodiments shown in Figs. 1-3 can also be combined to obtain a sum-difference device with multiple frequency points and high bandwidth. Figure 2 and Figure 3

[0089] Figure 4 ​is a schematic diagram of an impedance transformation network according to some embodiments of the present application. In this embodiment, the impedance transformation network includes multiple impedance transformation lines (multi-section impedance transformation), and the multiple impedance transformation lines are connected in series. The impedances of the multiple impedance transformation lines are different from each other. For example, the transformation lines Z1, Z2 and Z3 with different impedance values can be connected together to form the impedance transformation network. The transformation line Z1 is connected to the input / output terminal of the hybrid coupler, and the impedance of the input / output terminal is the first impedance Z01. The transformation line Z3 is connected to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the sum / difference terminal, and the impedance of the first terminal, the second terminal, and the sum / difference terminal is the second impedance Z02, so as to perform impedance matching. As an example, the first impedance Z01 is 50 ohm, and the second impedance Z02 is 25 ohm.

[0090] The impedance values of Z1, Z2 and Z3 can be obtained by looking up a table. Specifically, binomial transformation or Chebyshev transformation can be selected, and the corresponding tables of different transformations are not the same, and the values of Z1, Z2 and Z3 obtained by looking up are different. For example, the number of transformation lines can be set as N, N is greater than or equal to 2, and then according to N, Z01 and Z02, the impedance ratio of each section of the transformation line can be obtained by looking up the table. Since the impedance is related to the width, the width ratio of each section of the transformation line can be obtained according to the impedance ratio of each section of the transformation line. The length of each section of the transformation line can be an integer multiple of the basic length L.

[0091] In this embodiment, Z01>Z02, so Z1>Z2>Z3. The lengths of the transformation lines Z1, Z2 and Z3 are all one-quarter wavelength corresponding to the operating center frequency of the hybrid coupler, and the widths are inversely proportional to the values of Z1, Z2 and Z3. The greater the impedance of the transformation line, the smaller the width. It is known to those skilled in the art that the more the number of transformation lines in multi-section impedance transformation, the better the matching effect, but it will also be more complex, and the overall space required by the device will be larger. Therefore, the number N of transformation lines cannot be blindly increased, and generally 2-3 transformation lines are used.

[0092] Figure 5Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another impedance transformation network according to some embodiments of the present application. In this embodiment, the impedance transformation network includes a tapered impedance transformation line Z4, which has a gradually changing line width. One end of the tapered impedance transformation line Z4 is connected to the input / output of the hybrid coupler, which has a first impedance Z01. The other end of the tapered impedance transformation line Z4 is connected to the first port, the second port, and the sum or difference port, which have a second impedance Z02, for impedance matching. When Z01 > Z02, the end of the transformation line Z4 closer to Z01 is thin, and the end closer to Z02 is thick. The length of the transformation line Z4 needs to be greater than one-half wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the hybrid coupler. In general, the longer the better, but when the length is greater than one wavelength, the improvement effect of further increasing the length is not obvious, and the device requires more space. Therefore, the length of the transformation line Z4 is preferably controlled within one wavelength.

[0093] In other words, Figure 4 and Figure 5 The impedance transformation network shown in Fig. 4 is equivalent to a quarter- wavelength transmission line with a characteristic impedance of (Z01 x Z02) 0.5 , where Z01 is the first impedance (usually 50 ohms), and Z02 is the second impedance. When Z01 is 50 ohms and Z02 is 25 ohms, the impedance of the impedance transformation network is (50 x 25) 0.5 = 35.35 ohms.

[0094] It should be noted that the description provided in the present application provides a large number of specific details. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without some or all of these specific details. In some examples, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail in order not to obscure understanding of the present description.

[0095] Similarly, to simplify the present application and help understand one or more of the various aspects, in the above description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, various features of the present application are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatuses in the embodiments can be adapted and placed in one or more apparatuses other than that of the embodiments. The modules or units or components in the embodiments can be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore can be split into multiple sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Any combination of all the features disclosed in the specification, and any method or device so disclosed, can be made and used in any combination, excepting that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Unless explicitly stated, each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by an alternative feature serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose.

[0097] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features of the different embodiments can be combined in any combination, meaning that the scope of the application is intended to cover all such combinations.

Claims

1. A wideband hybrid and differencer, characterized by The and-difference device comprises: a first input end for receiving an external first input signal, the impedance of the first input end being a first impedance; a second input end for receiving an external second input signal, the impedance of the second input end being the first impedance; a sum signal output end for outputting a sum signal to the outside, the sum signal being a signal obtained by adding the first input signal and the second input signal, the impedance of the sum signal output end being the first impedance; a difference signal output end for outputting a difference signal to the outside, the difference signal being a signal obtained by subtracting the second input signal from the first input signal, the impedance of the difference signal output end being the first impedance; at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges, wherein the line widths of the at least two ring-shaped electrical bridges are different, the ring-shaped electrical bridges comprising a first end, a second end, a sum end and a difference end, which correspond to the first input end, the second input end, the sum signal output end and the difference signal output end respectively, the impedances of the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end being a second impedance, the second impedance being smaller than the first impedance; a plurality of impedance transformation networks for impedance matching, which are respectively arranged between the first input end and the first end, between the second input end and the second end, between the sum signal output end and the sum end, and between the difference signal output end and the difference end.

2. The sum and difference device of claim 1 wherein, The impedance transformation network includes a quarter wavelength transmission line, and an impedance of the impedance transformation network is (Z01×Z02) 0.5 wherein Z01 is the first impedance, Z02 is the second impedance, and the quarter wavelength is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency.

3. The sum and difference device of claim 2 wherein, The impedance transformation networks comprise a plurality of impedance transformation lines, the impedances of the plurality of impedance transformation lines being different, and the lengths of each of the impedance transformation lines being equal to a quarter wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the and-difference device; or The impedance transformation networks comprise a gradually changing impedance transformation line, the line width of the gradually changing impedance transformation line gradually changing, the line width being thinner near the first impedance and thicker near the second impedance, and the length of the gradually changing impedance transformation line being greater than or equal to a half wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the and-difference device and smaller than or equal to a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the and-difference device.

4. The sum and difference device of claim 1 wherein, The first end and the second end pass through the same path length to reach the sum end, and the first end and the second end pass through path lengths with a phase difference of 180° to reach the difference end.

5. The sum and difference device of claim 1 wherein, The plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges share the first end, the second end, the sum end and the difference end. The plurality of ring-shaped electrical bridges comprise a first ring-shaped electrical bridge and a second ring-shaped electrical bridge, wherein the first ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter wavelength transmission line with an impedance of a third impedance, and the line width of the first ring-shaped electrical bridge is a first width; the second ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter wavelength transmission line with an impedance of a fourth impedance, and at least part of the line width of the second ring-shaped electrical bridge is a second width; the impedance value of the third impedance is smaller than the impedance value of the fourth impedance, and the line width of the first width is greater than the line width of the second width.

6. The and-difference device according to claim 5, wherein The first ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a first 90° stub, a second 90° stub, a third 90° stub and a first 270° stub, the first 90° stub is connected between the first end and the sum end, the second 90° stub is connected between the second end and the sum end, the third 90° stub is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the first 270° stub is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the first 90° stub, the second 90° stub, the third 90° stub and the first 270° stub is the first width; The second ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a fourth 90° stub, a fifth 90° stub, a 180° stub and a 360° stub, the fourth 90° stub is connected between the first end and the sum end, the fifth 90° stub is connected between the second end and the sum end, the 180° stub is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the 360° stub is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the fourth 90° stub, the fifth 90° stub, the 180° stub and the 360° stub is the second width.

7. The sum-and-difference generator of claim 6 wherein, A plurality of the ring-shaped electrical bridges are connected in a ladder structure: the first 90° stub and the fourth 90° stub are multiplexed, the second 90° stub and the fifth 90° stub are multiplexed, the third 90° stub and the 180° stub are partially multiplexed, and the first 270° stub and the 360° stub are partially multiplexed.

8. The sum-and-difference generator of claim 7 wherein, The sum-difference device further comprises a first input stub, a second input stub, a sum output stub and a difference output stub, the impedance of the first input stub, the second input stub, the sum output stub and the difference output stub is a second impedance, and the line width is a fourth width; The first 90° stub and the third 90° stub are connected to the first end through the first input stub; The second 90° stub and the first 270° stub are connected to the second end through the second input stub; The third 90° stub and the first 270° stub are connected to the difference end through the difference output stub; The first 90° stub and the second 90° stub are connected to the sum end through the sum output stub.

9. The sum-and-difference generator of claim 8 wherein, A plurality of the ring-shaped electrical bridges further comprise a third ring-shaped electrical bridge, the third ring-shaped electrical bridge comprises a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a fifth impedance, and at least part of the line width of the third ring-shaped electrical bridge is a third width; The impedance value of the fourth impedance is smaller than the impedance value of the fifth impedance, and the line width of the second width is greater than the line width of the third width; The third ring-shaped bridge comprises a sixth 90° branch, a seventh 90° branch, a second 270° branch and a 450° branch, the sixth 90° branch is connected between the first end and the sum end, the seventh 90° branch is connected between the second end and the sum end, the second 270° branch is connected between the first end and the difference end, and the 450° branch is connected between the second end and the difference end; the line width of the sixth 90° branch, the seventh 90° branch, the second 270° branch and the 450° branch is the third width, and the second 270° branch is partially multiplexed with the third 90° branch and the 180° branch respectively.

10. The sum-and-difference generator as recited in claim 9, wherein, The ratio of the impedance values of the second impedance, the third impedance, the fourth impedance and the fifth impedance is 1:1.35-1.45:1.75-1.85:1.95-2.05.

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