Brake and braking system for machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a brake and braking system for a machine tool, which comprises a clamping mechanism and two oppositely arranged clamping plates, one end of each clamping plate is a free end, the other end of each clamping plate is a fixed end, the free end is provided with a brake pad, and a brake gap for accommodating a brake disc is formed between the two oppositely arranged brake pads; in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc, the output end of the clamping mechanism is not restrained by the clamping plate; the output end can drive the free ends of the two oppositely-arranged clamping plates to be close to each other or away from each other, so that the brake pad makes contact with the brake disc to form a friction pair or the brake pad is separated from the brake disc, and the brake disc in the brake gap is braked or released. And safe and stable operation of the machine tool is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of brake technology, and in particular to a brake and braking system for machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] In the design of traditional machine tool brakes, a brake pad is provided on the output end of the clamping mechanism. When braking is required, the clamping mechanism drives the brake pad to fit tightly against the brake disc, and the brake pad applies pressure to the brake disc, thereby generating friction to achieve braking.

[0003] In practical applications, it has been found that traditional machine tool brakes struggle to handle high braking torque. The friction pair formed by the brake pads and brake disc directly transmits force to the clamping mechanism, which then transmits it to the fasteners (usually bolts) connecting the clamping mechanism and the machine tool. This force transmission places a significant load on the fasteners connecting the clamping mechanism and the machine tool, making them prone to deformation and causing instability in the brake.

[0004] Furthermore, when a hydraulic cylinder is used in the clamping mechanism, the force transmitted from the friction pair may cause the piston to deviate from the center of the cylinder cavity, thus causing a shift in the feed direction of the hydraulic cylinder. During the reciprocating force application process, this will cause a slight deflection of the brake disc. Since the brake disc is located at the rear end of the spindle, its deflection will be amplified at the front end of the spindle, thereby affecting machining accuracy; at the same time, the piston deviating from the center of the cylinder will also accelerate the wear of the piston and cylinder wall, easily damaging the sealing surface and ultimately leading to brake failure. These problems pose a potential threat to the stable operation and safety of the machine tool. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a brake and braking system for machine tools to overcome the above-mentioned problems and ensure that the machine tools can operate safely and stably.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A brake for a machine tool includes: a clamping mechanism and two opposing clamping plates, one end of each clamping plate being a free end and the other end being a fixed end, a brake pad being provided on the free end, and a brake gap for accommodating a brake disc being formed between the two opposing brake pads.

[0008] In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc, the output end of the clamping mechanism is not constrained by the clamping plate;

[0009] The output end can drive the free ends of two oppositely arranged clamps to move closer to each other or further away, so that the brake pads contact the brake disc to form a friction pair or separate the brake pads from the brake disc, so as to brake or release the brake disc in the brake gap.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes two output ends arranged opposite each other, and the side of the clamping plate away from the brake pad is provided with a linkage space to accommodate the end of the output end;

[0011] In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc, the output end does not contact the inner wall of the linkage space;

[0012] Along the axial direction of the brake disc, the output end can abut against the inner wall of the linkage space through displacement in the stroke direction of the clamping mechanism, so as to drive the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates to move closer to each other / away from each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which includes a cylinder body, symmetrically arranged piston rods and pressure caps, and the output end is the piston rod. The end of the piston rod away from the piston can drive the free ends of two oppositely arranged clamping plates to move closer to or further away from each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the clamping plate has a blind hole on the side away from the brake pad, and the piston rod has a linkage part placed in the blind hole at the end away from the piston. A limit block is fixed on the clamping plate, and the limit block and the blind hole form a linkage space. The limit block can prevent the linkage part from disengaging from the blind hole.

[0015] When the piston rod drives the free ends of the two opposing clamping plates to approach each other, the end of the linkage part away from the piston abuts against the bottom of the blind hole;

[0016] When the piston rod drives the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates to move away from each other, the end of the linkage near the piston abuts against the limiting block.

[0017] Furthermore, the end face of the linkage part away from the piston is an arc surface that bulges towards the clamping plate.

[0018] Furthermore, a gap is left between the outer periphery of the linkage and the inner wall of the blind hole.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting bracket, which includes a clamping plate connecting part and a machine tool connecting part;

[0020] Two opposing clamps are fixed on both sides of the clamp connection part, so that a brake gap that can accommodate the brake disc can be formed between the two opposing brake pads.

[0021] The machine tool connection part can be fixed to the machine tool by fasteners.

[0022] Furthermore, the size of the brake gap is equal to the sum of the thickness of the brake disc and twice the initial gap, wherein the size of the initial gap is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the clamp extends tangentially to the brake disc.

[0024] This utility model also provides a braking system for a machine tool, using the aforementioned brake, including a brake disc, and further including at least one of the aforementioned brakes.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] Compared to traditional machine tool brakes, the brake and braking system provided by this utility model, by adding a pair of opposing clamping plates to the brake, transfers the brake pads from the output end of the clamping mechanism to the clamping plates. At the same time, by making the output end unconstrained by the clamping plates in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc, the force transmission path is changed, so that the clamping mechanism only provides pressure and does not participate in the force transmission. Therefore, the high braking torque does not affect the clamping mechanism itself, thereby effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the machine tool. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of a brake and brake disc for a machine tool disclosed in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 CC section view;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a clamping plate for a machine tool brake disclosed in this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a clamping plate for a machine tool brake disclosed in this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a clamping plate for a machine tool brake disclosed in this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder body of a brake for a machine tool disclosed in this utility model;

[0034] Figure 7 This utility model discloses a schematic diagram of the oil circuit for a brake used in a machine tool. Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 8 This utility model discloses a schematic diagram of the oil circuit for a brake used in a machine tool. Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a limiting block for a machine tool brake disclosed in this utility model;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a braking system for a machine tool, as disclosed in Embodiment 2 of this utility model, mounted on the workpiece spindle.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a front view schematic diagram of a braking system for a machine tool disclosed in Embodiment 3 of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a front view schematic diagram of a braking system for a machine tool disclosed in Embodiment 4 of this utility model.

[0040] In the picture:

[0041] 1. Workpiece spindle;

[0042] 11. Brake disc;

[0043] 12. Connecting bracket; 121. Clamping plate connecting part; 122. Machine tool connecting part;

[0044] 13. Clamping plate; 131. Deformation groove; 132. Blind hole;

[0045] 14. Brake pads;

[0046] 15. Double-acting hydraulic cylinder; 151. Cylinder body; 152. Piston rod; 153. Pressure cap; 154. Linkage mechanism;

[0047] 16. Limit block. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a brake for a machine tool, such as... Figure 1and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a clamping mechanism and two opposing clamping plates 13, one end of each clamping plate 13 being a free end and the other end being a fixed end, as shown. Figure 3 As shown, a brake pad 14 is provided on the free end, and a brake gap is formed between two opposing brake pads 14 to accommodate the brake disc 11. In this embodiment, the brake pad 14 is made of resin material, which has a high coefficient of friction and low cost. The brake pad 14 is pasted on the clamping plate 13, making it easy to replace.

[0051] In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc 11, the output end of the clamping mechanism is not constrained by the clamping plate 13;

[0052] The output end can drive the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamps 13 to move closer to each other / away from each other, so that the brake pad 14 contacts the brake disc 11 to form a friction pair / so that the brake pad 14 separates from the brake disc 11, so as to brake / release the brake disc 11 in the brake gap;

[0053] Compared to traditional machine tool brakes, the brake for machine tools provided by this utility model adds a pair of opposing clamping plates 13 to the brake, which realizes the transfer of the brake pad 14 from the output end of the clamping mechanism to the clamping plates 13. At the same time, by making the output end free from the constraint of the clamping plates 13 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc 11, the force transmission path is changed, so that the clamping mechanism only provides pressure and does not participate in the force transmission. Therefore, the high braking torque does not affect the clamping mechanism itself, thereby effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the machine tool.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the clamping plate 13 extends tangentially along the brake disc 11 and also includes a connecting bracket 12, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the connecting bracket 12 includes a clamping plate connecting part 121 and a machine tool connecting part 122;

[0055] Two opposing clamping plates 13 are fixed to both sides of the clamping plate connecting part 121 by bolts, so that a brake gap can be formed between the two opposing brake pads 14 to accommodate the brake disc 11.

[0056] In this embodiment, the machine tool connection part 122 can be fixed to the workpiece spindle 1 of the machine tool by fasteners (bolts can be used in this embodiment);

[0057] The clamping plate 13, which extends tangentially along the brake disc 11, is in the same direction as the friction force, so as to maximize the use of the longitudinal rigidity of the clamping plate 13 and the connecting bracket 12.

[0058] In practical use, the dimensions of the connecting bracket 12 and the clamping plate 13 can be increased to further improve rigidity. The clamping plate 13 and the connecting bracket 12 can transfer the position of the fastener to the machine tool to an area on the machine tool that is not limited by space. Therefore, more fasteners can be added for connection to distribute the force and avoid fastener deformation.

[0059] Using excessively long fasteners can easily lead to stress concentration at the root of the fastener (bolt) due to the leverage principle, which can cause damage or deformation. Figure 2 As shown, the Z-shaped structure of the connecting bracket 12 provides a mounting base for the fasteners that extends from the machine tool, thus allowing for the use of shorter fasteners.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the clamping mechanism includes two output ends arranged opposite to each other, and the side of the clamping plate 13 away from the brake pad 14 is provided with a linkage space to accommodate the end of the output end;

[0061] In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc 11, the output end does not contact the inner wall of the linkage space, so that the output end of the clamping mechanism is not constrained by the clamping plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc 11.

[0062] Along the axial direction of the brake disc 11, the output end can abut against the inner wall of the linkage space through displacement in the stroke direction of the clamping mechanism, so as to drive the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates 13 to move closer to each other / away from each other, so that the brake pad 14 contacts the brake disc 11 to form a friction pair / so that the brake pad 14 separates from the brake disc 11.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the clamping mechanism is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 15, as... Figure 2 As shown, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 15 includes as follows Figure 6 The cylinder body 151, the symmetrically arranged piston rod 152 and the pressure plate 153 shown are provided. The output end is the piston rod 152. The end of the piston rod 152 away from the piston can drive the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates 13 to move closer to each other or further away.

[0064] In this embodiment, the cylinder body 151 is fixed to the workpiece spindle 1 of the machine tool by fasteners (bolts in this embodiment). The cylinder body 151 and the pressure cover 153 form two inner cavities. The piston rod 152 with the piston at one end is placed in the inner cavity and divides the inner cavity into a rod cavity and a rodless cavity. The two rod cavities share a common oil inlet and outlet port, and the two rodless cavities share a common oil inlet and outlet port.

[0065] The opening and clamping operations of the double-acting cylinder 15 are both hydraulically driven, which is fast-responding and efficient, and does not require additional system delay. The symmetrical layout of the piston rod 152 ensures that the pressure is sealed inside the clamping mechanism, thereby avoiding the application of axial force to the machine tool spindle bearing and preventing axial movement.

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, the cylinder block 151 is provided with an oil passage for connecting to the rodless chamber. Figure 7 The hole on the left side is the oil inlet and outlet. Injecting oil through this inlet and outlet allows the piston rods 152 to move closer together, thus clamping and braking the brake disc 11. Figure 7 The two holes in the upper middle part can be sealed with plugs, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the cylinder block 151 is provided with an oil passage for connecting to the rod chamber. Figure 8 The hole on the left side is the oil inlet and outlet. Injecting oil through this inlet and outlet will cause the piston rods 152 to move away from each other, thus releasing the brake disc 11 by loosening it. Figure 8 The two holes in the upper middle part can be sealed with plugs.

[0067] The clamping mechanism is preferably the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 15 mentioned above, but two single-rod hydraulic cylinders arranged opposite each other can also be used.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the clamping plate 13 has a blind hole 132 on the side away from the brake pad 14, such as Figure 2 As shown, the piston rod 152 has a linkage part 154 located in the blind hole 132 at the end away from the piston, and the clamping plate 13 is fixed with bolts as shown. Figure 9 The limiting block 16 shown forms a linkage space with the blind hole 132. The limiting block 16 can prevent the linkage part 154 from disengaging from the blind hole 132.

[0069] When the piston rod 152 drives the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates 13 to approach each other, the end of the linkage part 154 away from the piston abuts against the bottom of the blind hole 132.

[0070] When the piston rod 152 drives the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates 13 to move away from each other, the end of the linkage part 154 near the piston abuts against the limiting block 16.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the end face of the linkage part 154 away from the piston is an arc surface that protrudes toward the clamping plate 13;

[0072] The clamping mechanism can be divided into three stages: the first stage: the linkage 154 just contacts the clamping plate 13; the second stage: the linkage 154 pushes the clamping plate 13, causing the clamping plate 13 to deform, and the brake pad 14 on the free end begins to contact the brake disc 11; the third stage: the linkage 154 completely presses the brake pad 14 onto the brake disc 11.

[0073] In the second stage, the linkage 154 pushes the clamping plate 13, and the clamping plate 13 will exert a reaction force on the linkage 154. Since the fixed end is fixed and the free end is displaced, the clamping plate 13 is tilted. The reaction force will generate a component force along the radial direction of the piston rod 152.

[0074] If the end face of the linkage 154 is a plane, the point of application of the radial component of the piston rod 152 will be close to the outer edge of the linkage 154, forming a large overturning lever arm, which can easily cause the piston to deviate from the center of the inner cavity of the cylinder 151, resulting in the occurrence of "cylinder scoring".

[0075] By setting the end face to be an arc surface that protrudes towards the clamping plate 13, an arc segment is introduced for transition, which reduces the lever arm and prevents the force from changing abruptly but gradually increasing. This effectively prevents abrupt stress concentration between the piston and the cylinder 151, thereby avoiding the occurrence of "cylinder scoring".

[0076] The introduction of the arc segment also avoids stress concentration caused by the small contact area when the linkage part 154 and the clamping plate 13 initially come into contact, thereby reducing the wear of the linkage part 154 and the clamping plate 13 and extending their service life.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, a gap is left between the outer periphery of the linkage part 154 and the inner wall of the blind hole 132, which prevents the side wall of the blind hole 132 from contacting the linkage part 154 to form a force transmission path.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the size of the brake gap A is equal to the sum of the thickness B of the brake disc 11 and twice the initial gap s, and the size of the initial gap s is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0079] In the free state (when the clamping mechanism does not apply force to the clamping plate 13), the initial gap s between the brake pad 14 and the brake disc 11 should be as small as possible to ensure a rapid response of the clamping action, ensure high braking efficiency, and at the same time simplify the force state of the clamping plate 13.

[0080] If the initial gap s is large, for example, 1mm, the tilt angle of the clamping plate 13 will increase significantly when clamped. At this time, the clamping plate 13 will be subjected to bending deformation and braking force at the same time. Its stress condition is not good, it is easy to fail, and its service life will be affected. Under high oil pressure, the large tilt angle of the clamping plate 13 is more likely to cause the piston to deviate from the center of the inner cavity of the cylinder 151, causing "cylinder scoring".

[0081] In practical applications, the maximum oil pressure of the double-acting cylinder 15 can reach 30 MPa, and the braking torque of a single brake can reach 4000 Nm.

[0082] In a specific embodiment, the clamping plate 13 has a deformation groove 132 along its thickness direction to reduce the force required for deformation, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the deformation groove 132 can be opened on one side or on both sides.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment provides a braking system for a machine tool, employing the brake disclosed in Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 10 As shown, it includes a brake disc 11. In this embodiment, the brake disc 11 is disposed on the spindle of the workpiece spindle 1, and also includes a brake.

[0085] The clamp 13 performs best when subjected to longitudinal tensile force, i.e., braking. Figure 10 The brake disc 11 rotates clockwise for optimal effect. Braking occurs when the clamping plate 13 is under longitudinal pressure. Figure 10 When the brake disc 11 rotates counterclockwise, it may deform at the opening position of the deformation groove 132. If space permits, the clamping plate 13 should be designed to ensure that it can withstand longitudinal tension.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] This embodiment provides a braking system for machine tools. The main structure of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 2. The differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are as follows:

[0088] In Example 2, as Figure 10 As shown, it includes one of the aforementioned brakes.

[0089] In this embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the brake includes two symmetrically arranged brakes to brake the forward and reverse rotating brake discs 11 respectively, so that the clamping plates 13 are both subjected to longitudinal tension. Figure 11 The center is symmetrical from left to right, or it can be set to be symmetrical from top to bottom.

[0090] Example 4

[0091] This embodiment provides a braking system for machine tools. The main structure of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 2. The differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are as follows:

[0092] In Example 2, as Figure 10 As shown, it includes one of the aforementioned brakes.

[0093] In this embodiment, such as Figure 12As shown, the brake includes four brakes arranged symmetrically in pairs, two of which are brake discs 11 for forward rotation and the other two are brake discs 11 for reverse rotation, so that the clamping plate 13 is subjected to longitudinal tension.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A brake for a machine tool, characterized in that, include: The clamping mechanism and two opposing clamping plates (13) are provided. One end of the clamping plate (13) is a free end and the other end is a fixed end. A brake pad (14) is provided on the free end. A brake gap is formed between the two opposing brake pads (14) to accommodate the brake disc (11). In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc (11), the output end of the clamping mechanism is not constrained by the clamping plate (13); The output end can drive the free ends of two oppositely arranged clamps (13) to move closer to each other / away from each other, so that the brake pad (14) contacts the brake disc (11) to form a friction pair / so that the brake pad (14) separates from the brake disc (11) to brake / release the brake disc (11) in the brake gap.

2. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes two output ends arranged opposite each other, and the side of the clamping plate (13) away from the brake pad (14) is provided with a linkage space to accommodate the end of the output end; In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the brake disc (11), the output end does not contact the inner wall of the linkage space; Along the axial direction of the brake disc (11), the output end can abut against the inner wall of the linkage space through displacement in the stroke direction of the clamping mechanism, so as to drive the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamping plates (13) to move closer to each other / away from each other.

3. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (15), which includes a cylinder body (151), a symmetrically arranged piston rod (152) and a pressure cap (153). The output end is the piston rod (152), and the end of the piston rod (152) away from the piston can drive the free ends of two oppositely arranged clamping plates (13) to move closer to or further away from each other.

4. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamping plate (13) has a blind hole (132) on the side away from the brake pad (14), and the piston rod (152) has a linkage part (154) placed in the blind hole (132) at the end away from the piston. A limit block (16) is fixed on the clamping plate (13), and the limit block (16) and the blind hole (132) form a linkage space. The limit block (16) can prevent the linkage part (154) from disengaging from the blind hole (132). When the piston rod (152) drives the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamps (13) to approach each other, the end of the linkage (154) away from the piston abuts against the bottom of the blind hole (132); When the piston rod (152) drives the free ends of the two oppositely arranged clamps (13) to move away from each other, the end of the linkage (154) near the piston abuts against the limiting block (16).

5. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end face of the linkage part (154) away from the piston is an arc surface that protrudes toward the clamping plate (13).

6. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, A gap is left between the outer periphery of the linkage part (154) and the inner wall of the blind hole (132).

7. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting bracket (12), which includes a clamping plate connecting part (121) and a machine tool connecting part (122); Two opposing clamps (13) are fixed on both sides of the clamp connection part (121) so that a brake gap can be formed between the two opposing brake pads (14) to accommodate the brake disc (11); The machine tool connection part (122) can be fixed to the machine tool by fasteners.

8. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the brake gap is equal to the sum of the thickness of the brake disc (11) and twice the initial gap, wherein the size of the initial gap is 0.1-0.5 mm.

9. A brake for a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamp (13) extends tangentially along the brake disc (11).

10. A braking system for a machine tool, using the brake according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes a brake disc (11) and at least one of the brakes.

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