Tail gas treatment system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tail gas treatment system and a vehicle. The tail gas treatment system comprises a gas inlet pipeline, a tail gas diffusion device, a tail gas reaction device, a catalysis device and a tail gas pipeline. The first end of the gas inlet pipeline is connected with an electric pile of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second end of the gas inlet pipeline is connected with the first end of the tail emission reaction device; the gas inlet pipeline is used for conveying a gas-liquid mixture discharged by an electric pile into the tail discharge reaction device; the tail exhaust diffusion device is arranged at the first end of the tail exhaust reaction device and is used for diffusing the gas-liquid mixture, so that the gas-liquid mixture is uniformly diffused in the tail exhaust reaction device; the catalytic device is arranged in the tail emission reaction device, and the catalytic device is used for carrying out catalytic reaction on hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture to form water; the second end of the tail discharge reaction device is connected with a tail discharge pipeline, and the tail discharge pipeline is used for discharging a gas-liquid mixture which does not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device. Therefore, the concentration of exhaust hydrogen is reduced, and the use safety of the hydrogen fuel cell in the vehicle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle exhaust treatment technology, specifically to an exhaust treatment system and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, as a clean energy mode of transportation, primarily offer environmental benefits by emitting only water vapor and no direct carbon emissions during operation. However, in actual hydrogen fuel cell operation, the incomplete electrochemical reaction results in a small amount of unreacted hydrogen being emitted through the exhaust system. Hydrogen is highly flammable; if exhaust hydrogen accumulates in a confined or poorly ventilated space, it can easily cause a fire or explosion once it reaches a certain concentration. Therefore, exhaust hydrogen treatment is crucial for improving vehicle safety. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an exhaust gas treatment system and vehicle to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides an exhaust gas treatment system for use in a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising: an intake pipe, an exhaust diffuser, an exhaust reaction device, a catalytic converter, and an exhaust pipe.

[0005] The first end of the air intake pipe is connected to the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second end of the air intake pipe is connected to the first end of the tail gas reaction device; the air intake pipe is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture emitted by the stack to the tail gas reaction device.

[0006] The tail-out diffusion device is disposed at the first end of the tail-out reaction device, and the tail-out diffusion device is used to diffuse the gas-liquid mixture so that the gas-liquid mixture is uniformly diffused in the tail-out reaction device.

[0007] The catalytic device is installed in the tail gas reaction device, and the catalytic device is used to catalytically react hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture into water.

[0008] The second end of the tail discharge reaction device is connected to the tail discharge pipeline, which is used to discharge the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device.

[0009] Optionally, the catalytic device is a mesh catalytic device, which includes multiple layers of mesh structures with catalytic functions arranged at intervals.

[0010] Optionally, the mesh structure is circular, and the diameter of the mesh structure matches the inner diameter of the tail-end reaction device. A catalyst is disposed on the mesh structure, and the catalyst is used to catalyze the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0011] Optionally, the mesh structure includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the second metal layer being disposed on the outer surface of the first metal layer, the first metal layer including a titanium metal layer, and the second metal layer including a platinum metal layer.

[0012] Optionally, the exhaust gas treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell further includes: a water storage device and a water distribution device; the exhaust pipeline includes a liquid exhaust pipeline and a gas exhaust pipeline;

[0013] The water separation device is located between the tail discharge reaction device and the tail discharge pipeline. The water separation device is used to separate the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device, and to transport the separated gas to the gas discharge pipeline, and to transport the separated liquid to the water storage device through the liquid discharge pipeline.

[0014] The water storage device is wrapped around the outer wall of the tail gas reactor and is used to store the heat generated by the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the tail gas reactor.

[0015] Optionally, the water storage device includes: a temperature sensor and an electrically controlled drain valve;

[0016] The first end of the temperature sensor is connected to the water storage device, and the second end of the temperature sensor is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve. The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the liquid in the water storage device.

[0017] The electrically controlled drain valve is located at the bottom of the water storage device. When the liquid temperature is greater than a first threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens; when the liquid temperature is less than a second threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve closes; and when the liquid temperature is less than a third threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0018] Optionally, the water storage device further includes a control module, which is connected to the temperature sensor and the electrically controlled drain valve;

[0019] The temperature sensor is used to detect the liquid temperature in the water storage device and transmit the liquid temperature to the control module;

[0020] The control module is used to send an open signal to the electrically controlled drain valve when the liquid temperature is greater than the first threshold; send a close signal to the electrically controlled drain valve when the liquid temperature is less than the second threshold; and send a close signal to the electrically controlled drain valve when the liquid temperature is less than the third threshold.

[0021] The electrically controlled drain valve is used to open the electrically controlled drain valve when the opening signal is received, or to close the electrically controlled drain valve when the closing signal is received.

[0022] Optionally, the water storage device includes: a liquid level sensor and an electrically controlled drain valve;

[0023] The first end of the liquid level sensor is connected to the water storage device, and the second end of the liquid level sensor is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve; the liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level in the water storage device.

[0024] The electrically controlled drain valve is located at the bottom of the water storage device. When the liquid level is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens; when the liquid level is less than or equal to the second liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve closes.

[0025] Optionally, the exhaust gas treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell further includes: a hydrogen concentration sensor and a stack outlet valve;

[0026] The hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the fuel cell stack outlet valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the fuel cell stack and send an opening signal to the fuel cell stack outlet valve when the hydrogen concentration is less than a set concentration threshold.

[0027] The fuel cell stack exhaust valve is located at the first end of the air inlet pipe. When the exhaust valve receives the opening signal, it opens.

[0028] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a vehicle including a hydrogen fuel cell and an exhaust gas treatment system as described in any one of the first aspects of this disclosure.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, at least the following beneficial technical effects can be achieved:

[0030] In the above technical solution, an exhaust gas treatment system is provided for use in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The exhaust gas treatment system includes: an intake pipe, an exhaust diffuser, an exhaust reaction device, a catalytic converter, and an exhaust pipe. The first end of the intake pipe is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the second end of the intake pipe is connected to the first end of the exhaust reaction device. The intake pipe is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture emitted from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust reaction device. The exhaust diffuser is disposed at the first end of the exhaust reaction device and is used to diffuse the gas-liquid mixture to ensure uniform diffusion within the device. A mesh catalytic converter is disposed within the exhaust reaction device and is used to catalytically react hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture into water. The second end of the exhaust reaction device is connected to the exhaust pipe, which is used to discharge any unreacted gas-liquid mixture from the exhaust reaction device. Thus, the exhaust diffuser ensures sufficient diffusion of the exhaust gas, increases the effective reaction area of ​​the catalyst, and allows the hydrogen and oxygen in the exhaust gas to react fully, reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust and improving the safety of the hydrogen fuel cell in the vehicle.

[0031] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exhaust gas treatment method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0036] Fuel cell stack exhaust valve-1, fuel cell stack water outlet-2, tail diffuser-3, tail reaction device-4, catalytic converter-5, stabilizing steel pipe-6, water separator-7, gas exhaust pipeline-8, liquid exhaust pipeline-9, water storage device-10, liquid level sensor-11, temperature sensor-12, electrically controlled drain valve-13, hydrogen concentration sensor-14, control module-15. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0038] The working principle of a hydrogen-consuming exhaust system is that, under certain conditions of catalyst and temperature, hydrogen and oxygen undergo a chemical reaction to produce water, releasing heat in the process. Maintaining the reaction at a suitable temperature can efficiently promote hydrogen consumption. Furthermore, the exhaust gases and water vapor from fuel cell vehicles typically range from 60°C to 90°C, carrying a significant amount of heat. Utilizing this heat to maintain the temperature of the catalytic reaction saves energy and further promotes hydrogen consumption in the exhaust.

[0039] In related technologies, the hydrogen-consuming exhaust gas treatment system and method for fuel cell hydrogen vehicles treats unreacted hydrogen in the exhaust gas before it is emitted into the atmosphere. The oxidation-reduction reaction consumes the hydrogen in the exhaust gas, and a cooling subsystem cools the exhaust gas treatment device. However, this method involves directly introducing gas into the exhaust, resulting in uneven gas distribution and reduced contact area between the gas and the catalyst. Furthermore, the catalyst consists of multiple irregularly arranged platinum meshes, leading to low effective utilization and waste of platinum catalyst. Although a circulating cooling system is included, comprising a coolant storage tank, internal heat exchange tubes, a water pump for pumping coolant, and circulation piping, external energy input is required to regulate the pump speed and maintain the internal temperature. The lack of a hydrogen concentration sensor to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas within a safe range increases the risk of excessive hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas treatment system, potentially causing safety accidents.

[0040] In view of this, this embodiment discloses a tail gas treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell. A tail gas diffuser is installed to fully diffuse the gas entering the cylindrical tail gas, ensuring its uniform distribution within the tail gas. A multi-layered, ordered, circular, porous platinum-titanium mesh catalyst is installed, with the diameter of the titanium mesh being the inner diameter of the tail gas. This reduces the amount of catalyst used while ensuring sufficient contact between the catalyst and the tail gas hydrogen, increasing the effective reaction area. A tail gas waste heat recovery device is installed, including a gas-liquid separator (water separator), a cylindrical water storage tank, and a water transmission pipeline, to separate the tail gas and water, and store the water. The water storage tank surrounds the tail gas, and the stored water insulates the tail gas while transferring heat from the tail gas and part of the heat from the hydrogen-oxygen reaction to the water storage tank. A hydrogen concentration sensor controls the hydrogen entering the tail gas reactor to a safe concentration, and a liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor control the opening and closing of the drain valve to regulate the water storage volume and temperature.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exhaust gas treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust gas treatment system, which is applied to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, includes: an intake pipe, an exhaust diffuser 3, an exhaust reaction device 4, a catalytic converter 5, and an exhaust pipe.

[0042] The first end of the air intake pipe is connected to the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second end of the air intake pipe is connected to the first end of the exhaust reaction device 4; the air intake pipe is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture emitted from the stack to the exhaust reaction device 4.

[0043] Tail-end diffusion device 3 is disposed at the first end of tail-end reaction device 4. Tail-end diffusion device 3 is used to diffuse the gas-liquid mixture so that the gas-liquid mixture is uniformly diffused in tail-end reaction device 4.

[0044] The mesh catalytic device 5 is installed inside the tail gas reaction device 4. The catalytic device 5 is used to catalytically react hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture into water.

[0045] The second end of the tail discharge reaction device 4 is connected to the tail discharge pipeline, which is used to discharge the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device 4.

[0046] For example, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment system is applied to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which is a new energy vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel and converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a hydrogen fuel cell to drive the vehicle. During the chemical reaction of hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell stack, due to the incompleteness of the electrochemical reaction, a small amount of unreacted hydrogen is discharged through the exhaust system. Hydrogen is highly flammable; if the exhaust hydrogen accumulates in a closed or poorly ventilated enclosure, it can easily cause a fire or even an explosion once the hydrogen concentration reaches a certain level. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the hydrogen emitted from the hydrogen fuel cell stack to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust system of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and improve vehicle safety.

[0047] For example, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment system is connected to the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell. The gas-liquid mixture emitted from the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell is transported to the exhaust reaction device 4 through the air intake pipe in the exhaust gas treatment system. The exhaust reaction device 4 performs a chemical reaction on the hydrogen in the gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the gas-liquid mixture.

[0048] Optionally, in some embodiments, the exhaust gas treatment system for the hydrogen fuel cell further includes: a hydrogen concentration sensor 14 and a stack outlet valve 1;

[0049] The hydrogen concentration sensor 14 is connected to the fuel cell stack outlet valve 1. The hydrogen concentration sensor 14 is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the fuel cell stack and send an opening signal to the fuel cell stack outlet valve 1 when the hydrogen concentration is less than a set concentration threshold.

[0050] The fuel cell stack exhaust valve 1 is located at the first end of the air inlet pipe. When the exhaust valve 1 receives an opening signal, it opens.

[0051] For example, a fuel cell stack outlet valve 1 is installed in the intake pipe of the exhaust gas treatment system. Normally, this outlet valve 1 is in a closed state to block the exhaust gas treatment system during the fuel cell stack reaction, preventing hydrogen leakage during the electrochemical reaction. This outlet valve 1 is connected to a hydrogen concentration sensor 14, which detects the hydrogen content in the fuel cell stack. When the hydrogen content in the stack is less than a set concentration threshold, it indicates that the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack is complete. At this point, the waste gas and waste liquid in the stack need to be discharged so that the electrochemical reaction can continue next time. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 14 detects that the hydrogen concentration in the stack is less than the set concentration threshold, it sends an opening signal to the outlet valve 1, which opens to allow the fuel cell stack to deliver the gas-liquid mixture to be treated to the exhaust reaction device 4.

[0052] It should be noted that when the hydrogen fuel cell stack stops reacting, air pressure can be released to the stack via an air pressure device (e.g., an air compressor), causing the gas-liquid mixture in the stack to be discharged into the air via the path of stack-intake pipeline-exhaust diffuser 3-exhaust reactor 4-catalytic converter 5-exhaust pipeline. In the exhaust reactor 4, the hydrogen in the gas-liquid mixture undergoes a catalytic reaction in the catalytic converter 5, converting it into other non-hazardous compounds, which are then discharged into the air along with other substances in the gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

[0053] For example, in some embodiments, when the hydrogen concentration sensor 14 detects that the hydrogen concentration in the fuel cell stack is greater than a set concentration threshold, it sends a shut-off signal to the fuel cell stack outlet valve 1, thereby shutting off the fuel cell stack outlet valve 1, isolating the fuel cell stack from the tail gas reaction device, and improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, the exhaust gas treatment system further includes a fuel cell stack water outlet, which is connected to the air intake pipe. The waste liquid generated by the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack is discharged to the tail gas reaction device 4 through the air intake pipe via the fuel cell stack water outlet.

[0055] For example, in this embodiment, the input end of the tail-end reaction device 4 is provided with a tail-end diffusion device 3. This tail-end diffusion device 3 can diffuse the transported gas-liquid mixture to increase the diffusion area of ​​the gas-liquid mixture in the tail-end reaction device 4, enabling uniform diffusion of the gas-liquid mixture within the tail-end reaction device 4. This increases the contact area between the gas-liquid mixture and the mesh catalytic device 5 in the tail-end reaction device 4, thereby improving the chemical reaction efficiency of the gas-liquid mixture in the tail-end reaction device 4. For example, the tail-end diffusion device 3 can be a porous emission device. Based on its porous structure, it increases the propagation direction of the gas-liquid mixture in the tail-end reaction device 4, thereby enabling uniform diffusion of the gas-liquid mixture in the tail-end reaction device 4, increasing the contact area between the gas-liquid mixture and the catalytic device 5 in the tail-end reaction device 4, and improving the catalytic efficiency of hydrogen.

[0056] The exhaust reaction device 4 includes a catalytic device 5, which contains a catalyst to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture to produce water. It should be noted that this embodiment utilizes the principle of hydrogen and oxygen reacting chemically to produce water under the action of a catalyst. The catalyst is placed in the catalytic device 5, and through the catalytic reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen and oxygen combine to convert into water, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

[0057] Optionally, in some embodiments, the catalytic device 5 is a mesh catalytic device 5, which includes multiple layers of catalytically functional mesh structures spaced apart. The mesh structure is circular, and its diameter matches the inner diameter of the tail-end reaction device 4. A catalyst is disposed on the mesh structure, which catalyzes the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The mesh structure includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer, with the second metal layer disposed on the outer surface of the first metal layer. The first metal layer includes a titanium metal layer, and the second metal layer includes a platinum metal layer.

[0058] For example, as mentioned above Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the tail gas reaction device 4 has a cylindrical structure plus two conical structures. The catalytic device 5 is disposed within the cylindrical body of the tail gas reaction device 4, and the catalytic device 5 has a multi-layered circular mesh structure. To increase the contact area between the gas-liquid mixture and the catalytic device 5, the catalytic device 5 can be circular and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the gas-liquid mixture. The catalytic device 5 is fixed by a stabilizing steel pipe 6, thereby preventing the catalytic device 5 from being affected by the gas-liquid mixture and ensuring that the catalytic device 5 is always perpendicular to the propagation direction of the gas-liquid mixture. In this embodiment, the mesh structure of the catalytic device 5 consists of a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The first metal layer constitutes the main body of the mesh structure of the catalytic device 5. The first metal layer is a titanium metal layer, which utilizes the stability of titanium to improve the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the catalytic device 5. The second metal layer is a platinum metal layer, which acts as a catalyst for the oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. By catalyzing the oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture through the second metal layer, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas.

[0059] The gas-liquid mixture emitted from the fuel cell stack undergoes a hydrogen and oxygen catalytic reaction to produce water via the catalytic device 5 in the tail discharge reaction device 4. The unreacted gas-liquid mixture and the generated water can then be discharged into the air through the tail discharge pipeline.

[0060] Optionally, in some embodiments, the exhaust gas treatment system for the hydrogen fuel cell further includes: a water storage device 10 and a water distribution device 7; the exhaust pipeline includes a liquid exhaust pipeline 9 and a gas exhaust pipeline 8.

[0061] The water separation device 7 is installed between the tail discharge reaction device 4 and the tail discharge pipeline. The water separation device 7 is used to separate the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device 4, and to transport the separated gas to the gas discharge pipeline 8, and to transport the separated liquid to the water storage device 10 through the liquid discharge pipeline 9.

[0062] A water storage device 10 is wrapped around the outer wall of the tail gas reactor 4. The water storage device 10 is used to store the heat generated by the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the tail gas reactor 4.

[0063] It should be noted that when hydrogen and oxygen undergo a hydrogen-oxygen reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst, a large amount of heat is released. This heat can improve the efficiency of the hydrogen-oxygen catalytic reduction reaction. The heat released during the hydrogen-oxygen reduction reaction is absorbed by the water generated by the catalyst. Therefore, the heat released during the hydrogen-oxygen reaction can be preserved by recovering the liquid. In this embodiment, a water storage device 10 and a water separator 7 are provided on the outer wall of the tail-end reaction device 4. The water separator 7 is used to separate the gas-liquid mixture transported by the tail-end reaction device 4, discharging the gas through the tail-end pipeline to the control center, and transporting the liquid through the liquid discharge pipeline 9 to the water storage device 10 for storage. The liquid absorbs the heat released during the hydrogen-oxygen reduction reaction and has a high temperature. The water storage device 10 stores the liquid and is wrapped around the outer wall of the tail-end reaction device 4, releasing the heat from the liquid into the tail-end reaction device 4 through heat conduction.

[0064] Optionally, in some embodiments, the water storage device 10 includes: a temperature sensor 12 and an electrically controlled drain valve 13;

[0065] The first end of the temperature sensor 12 is connected to the water storage device 10, and the second end of the temperature sensor 12 is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve 13. The temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10.

[0066] The electrically controlled drain valve 13 is located at the bottom of the water storage device 10. When the liquid temperature is less than or equal to the first threshold and the liquid temperature is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is opened. When the liquid temperature is less than or equal to the first threshold and the liquid temperature is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is closed.

[0067] For example, the hydrogen-oxygen reduction reaction needs to be controlled within a reasonable temperature range; excessively high or low temperatures will inhibit the catalytic reaction. For instance, the catalytic temperature for the hydrogen-oxygen reduction reaction cannot exceed 80°C. Therefore, the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 needs to be controlled below 80°C. In this embodiment, the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 is detected by a temperature sensor 12. An electrically controlled drain valve 13 is installed at the bottom of the water storage device 10. When the liquid temperature exceeds a first threshold, it indicates that the temperature in the water storage device 10 is too high, and some liquid needs to be drained to lower the liquid temperature. During the draining process, when the liquid temperature falls below a second threshold, it indicates that the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 has returned to normal, and the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is closed. When the liquid temperature falls below the second threshold, to prevent the liquid in the water storage device 10 from freezing, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 needs to be opened to empty the liquid in the water storage device 10. For example, the first threshold is 80°C, the second threshold is 30°C, and the third threshold is 5°C. The temperature of the liquid in the water storage device 10 is detected by the temperature sensor 12. When the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 is greater than 80°C, the drain valve is opened to discharge the stored liquid to prevent the temperature from being too high and affecting the reaction efficiency. When the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 is less than 30°C, the drain valve is closed to stop the drainage. When the liquid temperature in the water storage device 10 is less than 5°C, the drain valve is opened to discharge the stored liquid.

[0068] Optionally, in some embodiments, the water storage device 10 further includes a control module 15, which is connected to the temperature sensor 12 and the electrically controlled drain valve 13.

[0069] Temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the liquid temperature in water storage device 10 and transmit the liquid temperature to control module 15;

[0070] The control module 15 is used to send an open signal to the electrically controlled drain valve 13 when the liquid temperature is greater than a first threshold; send a close signal to the electrically controlled drain valve 13 when the liquid temperature is less than a second threshold; and send a close signal to the electrically controlled drain valve 13 when the liquid temperature is less than a third threshold.

[0071] The electrically controlled drain valve 13 is used to open the electrically controlled drain valve 13 when an open signal is received, or to close the electrically controlled drain valve 13 when a close signal is received.

[0072] For example, in this embodiment, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is normally closed. The control module 15 sends a close signal or an open signal to the electrically controlled drain valve 13. The control module 15 is connected to the temperature sensor 12 and is used to acquire the liquid temperature detected by the temperature sensor 12. Based on this liquid temperature, it determines whether to send a close signal or an open signal to the electrically controlled drain valve 13.

[0073] Optionally, in some embodiments, the water storage device 10 includes: a liquid level sensor 11 and an electrically controlled drain valve 13;

[0074] The first end of the liquid level sensor 11 is connected to the water storage device 10, and the second end of the liquid level sensor 11 is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve 13; the liquid level sensor 11 is used to detect the liquid level in the water storage device 10.

[0075] The electrically controlled drain valve 13 is located at the bottom of the water storage device 10. When the liquid level is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 opens, and when the liquid level is less than or equal to the second liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 closes.

[0076] For example, in this embodiment, the water storage device 10 also includes a liquid level sensor 11 and an electrically controlled drain valve 13. The liquid level sensor 11 detects the liquid level in the water storage device 10, and the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is located at the bottom of the water storage device 10. When the liquid level sensor 11 detects that the liquid level in the water storage device 10 is greater than a first liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is opened to drain the liquid in the water storage device 10 to avoid excess liquid in the water storage device 10. When the liquid level sensor 11 detects that the liquid level in the water storage device 10 is less than or equal to a second liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve 13 is closed.

[0077] In the above technical solution, an exhaust gas treatment system is provided for use in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The exhaust gas treatment system includes: an intake pipe, an exhaust diffuser 3, an exhaust reaction device 4, a catalytic converter 5, and an exhaust pipe. The first end of the intake pipe is connected to the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second end of the intake pipe is connected to the first end of the exhaust reaction device 4. The intake pipe is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture emitted from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust reaction device 4. The exhaust diffuser 3 is disposed at the first end of the exhaust reaction device 4 and is used to diffuse the gas-liquid mixture to ensure uniform diffusion within the exhaust reaction device 4. The mesh catalytic converter 5 is disposed within the exhaust reaction device 4 and is used to catalytically react hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture into water. The second end of the exhaust reaction device 4 is connected to the exhaust pipe, which is used to discharge any unreacted gas-liquid mixture from the exhaust reaction device 4. This allows the exhaust gas to diffuse fully through the exhaust diffuser 3, increasing the effective reaction area of ​​the catalyst, enabling the hydrogen and oxygen in the exhaust gas to react fully, reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas, and improving the safety of using hydrogen fuel cells in vehicles.

[0078] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exhaust gas treatment method according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2As shown, this is applied to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which includes the hydrogen processing system described in the above embodiment. The control module receives detection information from a hydrogen concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level sensor, and controls the opening or closing of the fuel cell stack outlet valve and the electronically controlled drain valve based on this detection information.

[0079] 1) When the hydrogen concentration sensor at the fuel cell stack exhaust port detects that the hydrogen concentration is less than the threshold V (for example, the average hydrogen volume concentration within 3 consecutive seconds at any time exceeds 4%), the fuel cell stack exhaust valve opens and the gas enters the tail gas reactor; otherwise, the fuel cell stack exhaust gas cannot enter the tail gas reactor.

[0080] 2) When the water level in the storage tank reaches the threshold L (for example, the water level exceeds the tail discharge reaction device by 5cm), open the electrically controlled drain valve to discharge the stored water and prevent the water from clogging the pipeline in time.

[0081] 3) When the temperature of the water in the storage tank is greater than 80℃, open the drain valve to drain the stored water to prevent the temperature from being too high and affecting the reaction efficiency.

[0082] 4) When the temperature of the water in the storage tank is less than 5°C, open the drain valve to drain the stored water to prevent the stored water from freezing at low temperatures.

[0083] In this example, the gas and liquid discharged from the fuel cell stack's outlet and outlet enter the tail diffuser for uniform diffusion, and then enter the tail reactor. The hydrogen and oxygen in the gas contact with the multi-layered mesh catalyst, reacting to produce water, thus removing hydrogen from the tail gas. Unreacted gas, along with the water, is discharged. After passing through a gas-liquid separator (water separator), the separated water flows into a storage tank, while the gas is released into the atmosphere. The water in the storage tank insulates the tail reactor, and the heat from the tail gas and the hydrogen-oxygen reaction is transferred to the storage tank for preservation, maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction. A hydrogen concentration sensor controls the hydrogen entering the tail reactor to a safe concentration, and a level sensor and a temperature sensor control the opening and closing of the drain valve to regulate the water volume and temperature.

[0084] By employing the above methods, a tailpipe diffuser is installed to fully diffuse the gas entering the cylindrical tailpipe, ensuring its uniform distribution and improving the hydrogen-oxygen catalytic efficiency of the tailpipe gas. A multi-layered, ordered, circular, porous platinum-titanium mesh catalyst is used, with the mesh diameter equal to the tailpipe's inner diameter. This reduces catalyst usage while ensuring sufficient contact between the catalyst and the tailpipe hydrogen, increasing the effective reaction area. A tailpipe waste heat recovery device is installed to store the tailpipe wastewater, a process requiring no external energy input. Simultaneously, the stored water recovers heat from the tailpipe and some of the heat from the hydrogen-oxygen reaction. A control module uses hydrogen concentration, liquid level, and temperature sensors to control the opening and closing of the fuel cell stack's outlet valve and drain valve, regulating the hydrogen concentration entering the tailpipe reactor, and the water temperature and volume in the storage tank.

[0085] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, which includes a computer program executable by a processor, which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the exhaust gas treatment method described above.

[0086] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0087] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction.

[0088] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas treatment system, characterized in that, For use in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the exhaust gas treatment system includes: an intake pipe, an exhaust diffuser, an exhaust reaction device, a catalytic converter, and an exhaust pipe; The first end of the air intake pipe is connected to the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second end of the air intake pipe is connected to the first end of the tail gas reaction device; the air intake pipe is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture emitted by the stack to the tail gas reaction device. The tail-out diffusion device is disposed at the first end of the tail-out reaction device, and the tail-out diffusion device is used to diffuse the gas-liquid mixture so that the gas-liquid mixture is uniformly diffused in the tail-out reaction device. The catalytic device is installed in the tail gas reaction device, and the catalytic device is used to catalytically react hydrogen and oxygen in the gas-liquid mixture into water. The second end of the tail discharge reaction device is connected to the tail discharge pipeline, which is used to discharge the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device.

2. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The catalytic device is a mesh catalytic device, which includes multiple layers of mesh structures with catalytic functions arranged at intervals.

3. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh structure is circular, and the diameter of the mesh structure matches the inner diameter of the tail-end reaction device. A catalyst is disposed on the mesh structure, and the catalyst is used to catalyze the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

4. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mesh structure includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the second metal layer being disposed on the outer surface of the first metal layer, the first metal layer including a titanium metal layer, and the second metal layer including a platinum metal layer.

5. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The exhaust gas treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell also includes: a water storage device and a water distribution device; the exhaust pipeline includes a liquid exhaust pipeline and a gas exhaust pipeline. The water separation device is located between the tail discharge reaction device and the tail discharge pipeline. The water separation device is used to separate the gas-liquid mixture that did not participate in the reaction in the tail discharge reaction device, and to transport the separated gas to the gas discharge pipeline, and to transport the separated liquid to the water storage device through the liquid discharge pipeline. The water storage device is wrapped around the outer wall of the tail gas reactor and is used to store the heat generated by the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the tail gas reactor.

6. The exhaust gas treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water storage device includes: a temperature sensor and an electrically controlled drain valve; The first end of the temperature sensor is connected to the water storage device, and the second end of the temperature sensor is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve. The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the liquid in the water storage device. The electrically controlled drain valve is located at the bottom of the water storage device. When the liquid temperature is greater than a first threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens; when the liquid temperature is less than a second threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve closes; and when the liquid temperature is less than a third threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

7. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water storage device also includes a control module, which is connected to the temperature sensor and the electrically controlled drain valve. The temperature sensor is used to detect the liquid temperature in the water storage device and transmit the liquid temperature to the control module; The control module is used to send an opening signal to the electrically controlled drain valve when the liquid temperature is greater than the first threshold. If the liquid temperature is less than the second threshold, a shut-off signal is sent to the electrically controlled drain valve; if the liquid temperature is less than the third threshold, a shut-off signal is sent to the electrically controlled drain valve. The electrically controlled drain valve is used to open the electrically controlled drain valve when the opening signal is received, or to close the electrically controlled drain valve when the closing signal is received.

8. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water storage device includes: a liquid level sensor and an electrically controlled drain valve; The first end of the liquid level sensor is connected to the water storage device, and the second end of the liquid level sensor is connected to the electrically controlled drain valve; the liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level in the water storage device. The electrically controlled drain valve is located at the bottom of the water storage device. When the liquid level is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve opens; when the liquid level is less than or equal to the second liquid level threshold, the electrically controlled drain valve closes.

9. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The exhaust gas treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell also includes: a hydrogen concentration sensor and a stack outlet valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the fuel cell stack outlet valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the fuel cell stack and send an opening signal to the fuel cell stack outlet valve when the hydrogen concentration is less than a set concentration threshold. The fuel cell stack exhaust valve is located at the first end of the air inlet pipe. When the exhaust valve receives the opening signal, it opens.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including hydrogen fuel cells, and the exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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