Environment-friendly multi-source micro-grid
By integrating photovoltaic, wind power, and fuel cell power generation, and combining the exhaust gas recycling of aluminum-air-hydrogen fuel cells, the problems of fuel depletion shutdown and exhaust gas pollution of microgrid generator sets have been solved, realizing stable power supply and low-cost operation of environmentally friendly multi-source microgrids.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423226556.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-26
AI Technical Summary
In existing microgrids, generators shut down when they run out of fuel, and exhaust gas purification devices are expensive, making it impossible to achieve complete self-sufficiency and harmful to the environment.
The system integrates photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and fuel cell power generation, including aluminum-air fuel cells and hydrogen fuel cells, using a DC power supply system. It recycles exhaust gas through a gas-liquid separator and a water tank, and automatically controls the power supply sequence in conjunction with the main control power supply module to achieve multi-source power supply and environmentally friendly exhaust gas treatment.
It enables automatic power generation without human intervention for extended periods, reducing power generation costs and environmental pollution, and ensuring a stable power supply for the microgrid.
Smart Images
Figure CN223652011U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microgrid technology, and in particular to an environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, microgrids are a key development area in modern energy system planning. Compared to grid power, microgrids possess autonomous characteristics, including self-control, protection, and management. Building microgrids can effectively absorb new energy sources and solve major problems encountered when distributed power sources are connected to the grid. Microgrids typically include wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, generator sets, energy storage devices, and power distribution and control systems. Renewable energy generation such as solar and wind power is highly intermittent and random, significantly affected by the environment, and often experiences voltage and frequency instability. Therefore, generator sets are the preferred power generation equipment to compensate for the shortcomings of wind and solar energy. However, in actual use, there are problems. Generator sets require diesel or gasoline fuel, and fuel consumption varies depending on their power output. When fuel is depleted, the generators shut down. Therefore, most existing microgrids cannot achieve true self-sufficiency in power generation. Furthermore, generator exhaust purification devices are expensive, and even when exhaust emissions meet standards, these devices are not installed on the generator sets, meaning they are not entirely harmless to the environment. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid that can introduce new energy sources into a general power grid, making it environmentally friendly and sustainable, and ensuring long-term unattended power supply.
[0004] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:
[0005] An environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid includes a DC power supply system, an AC power supply system, and a main control power supply module.
[0006] The AC power supply system adopts mains power supply and diesel generator power supply. The mains power and generator set are integrated on the AC bus and switched by ATS. The AC power is directly supplied to the AC load.
[0007] The DC power supply system includes: a photovoltaic power generation unit for absorbing solar energy through solar photovoltaic modules, and a photovoltaic controller (DC-CDC) for converting the energy from the solar energy into a DC bus;
[0008] The wind power generation unit is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine generator. The wind power controller DC-DC converter feeds the energy converted from wind energy to the DC bus generator set.
[0009] Fuel cell units are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is fed to the DC bus through a DC-DC converter. Different types of power generation modules are integrated on the DC bus.
[0010] Energy storage batteries are used to transmit electrical energy to the DC bus and to receive and store excess electrical energy provided by the aforementioned units.
[0011] The fuel cell unit includes an aluminum-air fuel cell, a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator, and a water tank. The water tank is filled with pure water, and has a first inlet and a second inlet on each side of the bottom, and an outlet on the top of one side. The exhaust port of the aluminum-air fuel cell is connected to the first inlet of the water tank through the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the water tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the drain port of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the second inlet of the water tank. The electrical output of the aluminum-air fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell is output externally through a DC-DC power supply module connected to the DC bus, for use by DC electrical appliances or for storage in the energy storage battery unit. The main control power supply module is used to control the power supply sequence between the power supply units in the DC power supply system and the AC power supply system.
[0012] The main control power supply module includes a controller and multiple independent DC / DC modules. The modules are connected in parallel and can work independently or simultaneously. The controller automatically starts the number of working modules according to the load current.
[0013] The multiple independent DC / DC modules include a first unidirectional DC / DC module, a second unidirectional DC / DC module, a third unidirectional DC / DC module, a main control power supply DC / DC module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, and a bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module. The photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via a photovoltaic controller and the first unidirectional DC / DC module; the wind power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via a wind power controller and the second unidirectional DC / DC module; the fuel cell unit is connected to the DC bus via the third unidirectional DC / DC module; the DC bus is connected to the DC load via the main control power supply DC / DC module; the bidirectional DC / DC module is used to connect the energy storage battery unit to the DC bus; and the bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module is used to connect the AC bus to the DC bus.
[0014] The energy storage battery unit includes multiple battery box modules. Each battery box module mainly includes a battery pack, a BMS module, a housing, and sensors. The battery pack is used for storing and releasing electricity. The BMS module is used for charging and managing the battery status of the battery box, and has the functions of fault self-checking and fault information transmission. The sensors are used to collect battery operating status information for the BMS.
[0015] The energy storage battery unit has a hot-swappable function. When a single battery box module fails and needs to be replaced, it can be plugged and unplugged separately without powering on, enabling online replacement and maintenance of the battery box module without affecting the overall operation of the energy storage battery.
[0016] This invention incorporates solar power generation, wind power generation, and fuel cell power generation on the basis of mains power supply and diesel power supply equipment. The fuel cell power generation uses aluminum-air batteries and hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity simultaneously. This allows the byproducts of both fuel cells to be reused, thereby greatly reducing power generation costs and improving power generation efficiency. This meets the needs of unattended automatic power generation, and also greatly reduces the impact of exhaust emissions on the environment. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is the electrical schematic diagram of this utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell unit described in this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this utility model includes a DC power supply system, an AC power supply system, and a main control power supply module.
[0022] On the AC side, the mains power supply and diesel generator power supply are used. The mains power and generator set are integrated on the AC bus and switched by ATS. The AC power is directly supplied to the AC load.
[0023] On the DC side, the energy storage battery unit transmits its electrical energy to the DC bus. The solar photovoltaic module absorbs solar energy and, through the photovoltaic controller DC-DC converter, converts the solar energy into electrical energy and feeds it to the DC bus. The wind turbine converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and, through the wind power controller DC-DC converter, feeds the wind energy into electrical energy to the DC bus. The fuel cell unit converts chemical energy into electrical energy and, through the DC-DC converter, feeds the electrical energy to the DC bus. Different types of power generation modules are integrated on the DC bus and output to the outside through the main control DC-DC power supply module connected to the DC bus, supplying power to DC electrical appliances. Excess electricity is stored in the energy storage battery unit.
[0024] The wind power generation unit is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine generator. The wind power controller DC-DC converter feeds the energy converted from wind energy to the DC bus generator set.
[0025] Fuel cell units are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is fed to the DC bus through a DC-DC converter. Different types of power generation modules are integrated on the DC bus.
[0026] Energy storage battery, used to transmit electrical energy to the DC bus, and to receive and store excess electrical energy provided by the above-mentioned unit;
[0027] The fuel cell unit includes an aluminum-air fuel cell, a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator, and a water tank. The water tank is filled with pure water, and has a first inlet and a second inlet on each side of the bottom, and an outlet on the top of one side. The exhaust port of the aluminum-air fuel cell is connected to the first inlet of the water tank through the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the water tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the drain port of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the second inlet of the water tank. The electrical output of the aluminum-air fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell is output externally through a main control power supply DC-DC module connected to the DC bus, for use by DC electrical appliances or for storage in the energy storage battery unit. The main control power supply DC-DC module is used to control the power supply sequence between the power supply units in the DC power supply system and the AC power supply system. In practical use, both types of fuel cells operate simultaneously. The aluminum-air fuel cell produces hydrogen and water as its products. Hydrogen is the feedstock for the hydrogen fuel cell, but it is not pure hydrogen; it contains electrolyte water vapor. Therefore, this system includes a gas-liquid separator and a water tank filled with pure water (preferably pure water, but tap water is also acceptable). After passing through the gas-liquid separator, the liquid from the aluminum-air fuel cell flows back into the aluminum-air fuel cell, effectively recycling the electrolyte. The gas enters the bottom of the water tank, where it is washed with pure water, dissolving the electrolyte water vapor and leaving only pure hydrogen to participate in the hydrogen fuel cell reaction. For the hydrogen fuel cell, the only product is water, which is collected in the water tank. The generator set produces exhaust gases including CO and N2. Oxygen ions (OX), HC, SO2, CO2, particulate matter, etc., are emitted from the generator set. The exhaust gas passes through the exhaust pipe to the muffler for initial silencing, and then undergoes multi-stage treatment using physical or chemical methods. Usually, since the exhaust gas already meets the standards after particulate capture, no exhaust gas purification device is installed on the generator set. In this system, to make emissions more environmentally friendly, the generator set's exhaust gas is piped into a water tank. Taking advantage of the fact that most of the generator set's exhaust gas is easily soluble in water, exhaust gas pollution is further reduced. The water in the tank is gradually increased as hydrogen fuel cell products flow in to prevent dissolution saturation. The pure water only needs to be replaced after each operation of the microgrid. The water tank plays an environmental protection role for the entire system. Even if the water in the tank is replaced during long-term operation, it will not affect the overall power supply of the system.
[0028] The main control power supply module includes a controller and multiple independent DC / DC modules connected in parallel. These modules can operate independently or simultaneously, and the controller automatically activates the number of operating modules based on the load current. The multiple independent DC / DC modules include a first unidirectional DC / DC module, a second unidirectional DC / DC module, a third unidirectional DC / DC module, a main control power supply DC / DC module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, and a bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module. The photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via the photovoltaic controller and the first unidirectional DC / DC module; the wind power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via the wind power controller and the second unidirectional DC / DC module; the fuel cell unit is connected to the DC bus via the third unidirectional DC / DC module; the DC bus is connected to the DC load via the main control power supply DC / DC module; the bidirectional DC / DC module is used to connect the energy storage battery unit to the DC bus; and the bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module is used to connect the AC bus to the DC bus.
[0029] The energy storage battery unit includes multiple battery box modules. Each battery box module mainly includes a battery pack, a BMS module, a housing, and sensors. The battery pack is used for storing and releasing electricity. The BMS module is used for charging and managing the battery status of the battery box, and has the functions of fault self-checking and fault information transmission. The sensors are used to collect battery operating status information for the BMS.
[0030] In practical use, the energy storage battery unit has a hot-swappable function. When a single battery module fails and needs to be replaced, it can be plugged in and unplugged individually without powering on, enabling online replacement and maintenance of the battery module without affecting the overall operation of the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery unit includes multiple battery modules, and the energy storage battery unit has a hot-swappable function. When a single battery module fails and needs to be replaced, it can be plugged in and unplugged individually without powering on, enabling online replacement and maintenance of the battery module without affecting the overall operation of the energy storage battery.
[0031] The controller in this invention controls the power flow of each power source based on the distributed power station automatic monitoring system. The system's automatic detection circuit prioritizes mains power supply. When the mains power fails, solar and wind power generation continues to operate, ensuring the energy storage battery is fully charged. When the output power of renewable solar and wind power can meet the system's existing power requirements, they will supply power. When the energy storage battery capacity is below 30%, the ATS automatically switches to generator power supply, one path supplying AC loads and the other path charging the energy storage battery via the bidirectional AC / DC rectifier DC bus. When both the generator's fuel tank level and the energy storage battery capacity are below 30%, the system issues a fuel level alarm, prompting the generator to refuel and activating the fuel cell unit power supply mode. The aluminum-air fuel cell and hydrogen fuel cell supply power simultaneously. The electrolyte used in the battery is recyclable. The hydrogen fuel cell receives hydrogen from the aluminum-air fuel cell to compensate for the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen fuel cell, extending the power supply time. The two work together to achieve high specific energy and high efficiency. When the fuel cell is working, it can add fuel to the unit. Conversely, when the unit restores power, it can replace the anode aluminum plate of the aluminum-air fuel cell (the aluminum-air fuel cell consumes the anode aluminum plate during the reaction process. Taking a commonly used aluminum plate of 200*300*3mm as an example, its full power generation can maintain power supply for 10 hours). The power supply of the unit and the working time of the fuel cell compensate for each other, achieving the effect of uninterrupted power supply of the microgrid. When the mains power is restored, the system automatically switches to the mains power supply state.
[0032] To ensure long-term power supply, the system is not limited to setting up oil depots at the user site to guarantee continuous power supply from the generator set; nor is it limited to setting up warehouses to store aluminum anode plates and electrolytes to ensure the continuous operation of the aluminum-air fuel cell. As long as the aluminum-air fuel cell guarantees continuous power supply, the entire system can guarantee uninterrupted power supply. The fuel cell unit provides a final backup power source for the entire power supply system, compensating for generator set failures or refueling shutdowns, truly forming an uninterrupted power microgrid. Automatic control is centered on the generator set controller, achieving effective scheduling based on power supply strategies and priorities, forming an environmentally friendly, reliable, long-term multi-source microgrid.
[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that for directional terms, such as "center," "lateral," and "vertical," the appropriate terms may be used.
[0034] The directions and positional relationships indicated by symbols such as "direction", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention.
[0035] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.
[0036] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment and application of the technical principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and may include many other effective embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. An environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid, characterized in that: Includes a DC power supply system, an AC power supply system, and a main control power supply module. The AC power supply system adopts mains power supply and diesel generator power supply. The mains power and generator set are integrated on the AC bus and switched by ATS. The AC power is directly supplied to the AC load. The DC power supply system includes: a photovoltaic power generation unit for absorbing solar energy through solar photovoltaic modules, and a photovoltaic controller (DC-CDC) for converting the energy from the solar energy into a DC bus; The wind power generation unit is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine generator. The wind power controller DC-DC converter feeds the energy converted from wind energy to the DC bus generator set. Fuel cell units are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is fed to the DC bus through a DC-DC converter. Different types of power generation modules are integrated on the DC bus. Energy storage batteries are used to transmit electrical energy to the DC bus and to receive and store excess electrical energy provided by the aforementioned units. The fuel cell unit includes an aluminum-air fuel cell, a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator, and a water tank. The water tank is filled with pure water, and has a first inlet and a second inlet on each side of the bottom, and an outlet on the top of one side. The exhaust port of the aluminum-air fuel cell is connected to the first inlet of the water tank through the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the water tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the drain port of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the second inlet of the water tank. The electrical output of the aluminum-air fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell is output externally through a DC-DC power supply module connected to the DC bus, for use by DC electrical appliances or for storage in the energy storage battery unit. The main control power supply module is used to control the power supply sequence between the power supply units in the DC power supply system and the AC power supply system.
2. The environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control power supply module includes a controller and multiple independent DC / DC modules. The modules are connected in parallel and can work independently or simultaneously. The controller automatically starts the number of working modules according to the load current.
3. The environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple independent DC / DC modules include a first unidirectional DC / DC module, a second unidirectional DC / DC module, a third unidirectional DC / DC module, a main control power supply DC / DC module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, and a bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module. The photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via a photovoltaic controller and the first unidirectional DC / DC module; the wind power generation unit is connected to the DC bus via a wind power controller and the second unidirectional DC / DC module; the fuel cell unit is connected to the DC bus via the third unidirectional DC / DC module; the DC bus is connected to the DC load via the main control power supply DC / DC module; the bidirectional DC / DC module is used to connect the energy storage battery unit to the DC bus; and the bidirectional AC / DC rectifier module is used to connect the AC bus to the DC bus.
4. The environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy storage battery unit includes multiple battery box modules. Each battery box module mainly includes a battery pack, a BMS module, a housing, and sensors. The battery pack is used for storing and releasing electricity. The BMS module is used for charging and managing the battery status of the battery box, and has the functions of fault self-checking and fault information transmission. The sensors are used to collect battery operating status information for the BMS.
5. The environmentally friendly multi-source microgrid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy storage battery unit has a hot-swappable function. When a single battery box module fails and needs to be replaced, it can be plugged and unplugged separately without powering on, enabling online replacement and maintenance of the battery box module without affecting the overall operation of the energy storage battery.