Biomass charcoal production device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of biological carbonization, and particularly provides a biomass charcoal production device which comprises a horizontal carbonization furnace and a heating device, the horizontal carbonization furnace is used for performing high-temperature carbonization on input biological raw materials and outputting biomass charcoal; the heating device comprises a heater and heat exchange equipment arranged on the outer surface of the horizontal carbonization furnace; the heater is connected with the heat exchange equipment through a pipeline, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline. Therefore, the problems that biomass charcoal and biomass gas produced by a horizontal biomass charcoal co-production furnace in the related technology are low in quality and poor in quality are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biochar technology, especially to a biomass charcoal production device BACKGROUND

[0002] In the related art, the horizontal biomass hot charcoal cogeneration furnace is activated by smoke after the volatile components are analyzed out by relying on smoke carbonization in a mechanical converter. The high-temperature gas and by-products take away part of the energy without secondary utilization, resulting in low energy conversion and utilization efficiency. The high-temperature carbonization increases the heat transfer temperature difference from the furnace body to the outside, which not only has high energy consumption but also has large heat loss. The most important problem is that the quality of the biomass charcoal cannot be guaranteed, the mechanical components consume a large amount of electricity and have a short service life. In addition, the produced gas tar and ash are relatively high, which requires high-cost purification treatment equipment for secondary utilization.

[0003] For the horizontal biomass charcoal cogeneration furnace in the related art, there is a problem of low quality and poor quality of the produced biomass charcoal and biomass gas. Currently, no effective solution has been proposed. SUMMARY

[0004] The biomass charcoal production device provided by the embodiment of the utility model solves at least the problem of low quality and poor quality of the produced biomass charcoal and biomass gas of the horizontal biomass charcoal cogeneration furnace in the related art.

[0005] According to an aspect of the embodiment of the utility model, a biomass charcoal production device is provided, which comprises: a horizontal carbonization furnace, a heating device; the horizontal carbonization furnace is used for high-temperature carbonization of input biological raw materials and outputs biomass charcoal; the heating device comprises a heater and a heat exchange equipment arranged on the outer surface of the horizontal carbonization furnace; the heater is connected with the heat exchange equipment through a pipeline, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline.

[0006] As an optional embodiment, the horizontal carbonization furnace comprises a cylindrical main body and a spiral feeding mechanism; one end of the cylindrical main body is provided with an input port, and the other end is provided with an output gas port and an output material port; the spiral feeding mechanism is arranged inside the cylindrical main body, and the spiral feeding mechanism is arranged to be driven by a driving motor to spiral push the biological raw materials of the input port, and after being treated by different carbonization areas of the cylindrical main body, the biological raw materials are output to the output material port.

[0007] As an optional embodiment, the heat exchange device comprises heat exchange pipes wound on the cylindrical body, and an insulation layer arranged outside the heat exchange pipes; one end of the heat exchange pipes is connected with the heater, and the other end of the heat exchange pipes is connected with the heat recovery device; the one end of the heat exchange pipes connected with the heater is wound on the cylindrical body from the one end of the output port of the cylindrical body to the one end of the input port of the cylindrical body.

[0008] As an optional embodiment, the one end of the heat exchange pipes connected with the heater is further provided with a pressurizing device for pressurizing the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipes; and the one end of the heat exchange pipes connected with the heat recovery device is further provided with an extraction device for extracting the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipes.

[0009] As an optional embodiment, the different carbonization zones of the cylindrical body from the one end of the input port to the one end of the output port are in sequence a drying zone, a dry distillation carbonization zone, and a carbonization activation zone; the average working temperature of the drying zone is 200-400℃; the average working temperature of the dry distillation carbonization zone is 500-700℃; and the average working temperature of the carbonization activation zone is 800-1000℃.

[0010] As an optional embodiment, the horizontal carbonization furnace further comprises a feeding device and a carbon storage device; the feeding device is connected with the input port and is used for transmitting the preliminarily processed biological raw material into the horizontal carbonization furnace after the biological raw material is inputted and temporarily stored; and the carbon storage device is connected with the output port and is used for receiving and storing the biomass carbon outputted from the output port.

[0011] As an optional embodiment, the horizontal carbonization furnace further comprises a heat recovery device; the heat recovery device is connected with the output port of the heat exchange device and is used for recovering the heat of the heat exchange medium outputted from the heat exchange device; wherein, the one end of the heat exchange device connected with the heater is provided with an input port, and the other end of the heat exchange device away from the input port is provided with an output port; the output port is used for outputting the heat exchange medium which has been heat exchanged, and the output port is connected with the heat recovery device.

[0012] As an optional embodiment, the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the feeding device; and / or, the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with a load device; and / or, the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the heater, so as to recycle the heat exchange medium to the heater for re-heating.

[0013] As an optional embodiment, the output gas port is connected with the heater, so as to provide fuel for the heater; and / or, the output gas port is further connected with a load device, so as to provide fuel for the load device.

[0014] As an optional embodiment, the exhaust port of the feeding device is connected with the water film dust removal tower, the exhaust port is used for discharging the flue gas generated after the recycled heat exchange medium heats the biomass raw material, and the output end of the water film dust removal tower is connected with the exhaust device of the load device.

[0015] The biomass charcoal production device provided by the embodiment of the application provides heat energy for the process of outputting biomass charcoal by heating the heat exchange medium by the external heating device, transmitting the heated heat exchange medium to the horizontal carbonization furnace through the pipeline, and heating the horizontal carbonization furnace through the heat exchange equipment, and high-temperature carbonizing the biomass raw material in the horizontal carbonization furnace. Different regions of the horizontal carbonization furnace are in different temperature ranges, so that the biomass raw material is processed in different procedures, and carbonization is effectively performed. Compared with the traditional horizontal carbonization furnace, the low-temperature mode is adopted, the tar and ash in the biomass raw material can be better volatilized at high temperature, and the quality and quantity of the generated biomass charcoal and biomass fuel gas are improved, and the technical effect of reducing the impurities of the biomass charcoal and biomass fuel gas is achieved. Thus, the problem of low quality and poor quality of the biomass charcoal and biomass fuel gas produced by the horizontal biomass charcoal co-production furnace in the related art is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, and the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass charcoal production device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a continuous biomass charcoal production device structure according to an embodiment of the application.

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a continuous biomass charcoal production system according to an embodiment of the application.

[0020] Among them, the above drawings include the following reference signs:

[0021] 101, horizontal carbonization furnace; 102, heating device; 1021, heater; 1022, heat exchange equipment; 1023, pipeline;

[0022] 201, speed regulation motor; 202, screw feeding device; 203, carbonization reactor; 204, external hot flue gas passage device; 205, charcoal storage device; 206, feeding device; 207, heat recovery device; 208, combustion furnace; 209, gas distribution device; 210, combustion load device; 211, exhaust device;

[0023] 1, carbonization and activation integrated reactor; 2, temperature-resistant layer; 3, outer hot flue gas passage outer cylinder; 4, spiral passage; 5, inner cylinder scraper; 6, outer hot flue gas passage inner cylinder; 7, spiral material feeder; 8, speed regulating motor; 9, feeder damper; 10, flap valve; 11, air inlet; 12, discharge port; 13, material storage device; 14, water film dust removal tower; 15, flue gas discharge port; 16, induced draft fan; 17, heat exchanger; 18, air inlet; 19, air compressor; 20, controller; 21, air volume regulating valve; 22, flue gas inlet; 23, fuel gas outlet; 24, gas path shunt; 25, carbon storage chamber; 26, electric double-layer heavy hammer flap valve; 27, carbon outlet damper; 28, mechanical sealing device; 29, air blower; 30, first flame retardant; 31, burner; 32, high-temperature combustion furnace; 33, variable frequency fan; 34, second flame retardant; 35, low-nitrogen burner; 36, boiler equipment; 37, chimney; 38, drying zone; 39, dry distillation carbonization zone; 40, carbonization and activation zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should also be understood that the terms "comprise" and / or "include" as used in the specification indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangements of the components and steps illustrated in these embodiments and the numerical expressions and values set forth in the examples are not meant to limit the scope of the present application. It should also be understood that the size of the various parts shown in the figures can not be to scale for ease of illustration. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the present disclosure where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely an example, and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters in the following drawings represent similar items, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be discussed further in subsequent drawings.

[0027] Activated carbon is widely used in environmental protection, medicine, food, chemical industry, military industry and other fields due to its advantages such as developed pore structure, large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. It has become an indispensable carbon adsorption material in modern industry and people's life.

[0028] In the related art, one of the relatively mature biomass heat and carbon co-production equipment is a kiln type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace, and the other is a horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace.

[0029] The kiln type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace adopts the production principle of biomass carbonization dry distillation, is an intermittent production, and has high labor intensity of manual operation, long production cycle, large pollution, high system energy consumption and difficult recycling of by-products. The most important problem is that the quality of the raw material is extremely high, the type range of the usable biomass raw material is narrow, the water content and ash content are low, and the like. The advantages are that the quality of the biomass carbon is good, the heating is uniform, the carbonization surface area is large, the carbonization time is controllable, the one-time investment is low, and the single project scale is large.

[0030] The horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace relies on flue gas carbonization in a mechanical converter to volatilize, and the energy conversion and utilization efficiency is low. This is because part of the energy is not utilized secondarily due to the high-temperature gas and by-products. Moreover, the outer cylinder of the horizontal type furnace body is rotated by a motor, causing high energy consumption. The high-temperature carbonization of the horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace increases the heat transfer temperature difference of the furnace body to the outside, causing large heat loss.

[0031] The most important problem is that the horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace activates the carbonized biomass carbon by using flue gas, causing the quality of the biomass carbon to be unable to be guaranteed, and often having many impurities. Moreover, the mechanical parts consume large power and have short service life. In addition, the biomass tar cannot be completely decomposed due to the low-temperature carbonization, and a large amount of ash is taken away by the flue gas and biomass raw material, causing the produced gas tar and ash to be large, and the impurities of the biomass gas to be many and the quality to be poor. High-cost purification treatment equipment is needed for secondary utilization.

[0032] However, compared with the kiln type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace, the horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace has simple equipment installation, simple operation and control, and can be miniaturized and modularized, and the system production is continuous and stable. Therefore, the embodiment improves the main problems of the horizontal type biomass heat and carbon co-production furnace in the related art, and proposes a biomass carbon production device.

[0033] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, the application provides a biomass carbon production device, which comprises a horizontal carbonization furnace 101 and a heating device 102.

[0034] The horizontal carbonization furnace 101 is used for high-temperature carbonization of input biological raw materials, and outputs biomass charcoal; the heating device 102 comprises a heater 1021 and a heat exchange equipment 1022 arranged on the outer surface of the horizontal carbonization furnace 101; the heater 1021 is connected with the heat exchange equipment 1022 through a pipeline 1023, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline 1023.

[0035] The production device for biomass charcoal provided by the embodiment of the application uses the heater to heat the heat exchange medium through the external heating device, transmits the heated heat exchange medium to the heat exchange equipment through the pipeline, and heats the horizontal carbonization furnace, so as to provide heat energy for the process of high-temperature carbonization of the biological raw materials in the horizontal carbonization furnace and output of the biomass charcoal. Different regions of the horizontal carbonization furnace are in different temperature ranges, so that the biological raw materials are processed in different procedures, and the carbonization is effectively performed. Compared with the traditional horizontal carbonization furnace, the low and medium temperature is used, the tar and ash in the biological raw materials can be better volatilized at high temperature, and the technical effects of improving the quality and quantity of the generated biomass charcoal and biomass gas and reducing the impurities of the biomass charcoal and biomass gas are achieved.

[0036] The horizontal carbonization furnace 101 can be understood as a carbonization furnace arranged horizontally as a whole, and the biological raw materials mainly move in the horizontal direction in the horizontal carbonization furnace. Compared with the horizontal carbonization furnace in the related art which uses low and medium temperature for carbonization, the low and medium temperature is not more than 700 DEG C, and the horizontal carbonization furnace in the embodiment is carbonized by high-temperature carbonization, that is, more than 700 DEG C.

[0037] The high-temperature carbonization can make the volatile components and carbonization components of the biological raw materials separate more thoroughly, so that the impurities in the finally obtained biomass charcoal and biomass gas are reduced, and the quality of the biomass charcoal and biomass gas is improved.

[0038] In order to realize high-temperature carbonization, the heating device is further provided in the embodiment, that is, the high-temperature carbonization of the horizontal carbonization furnace is realized by using external heating. The external heating mode can select a heating mode with higher efficiency, or more energy saving and environmental protection, or lower cost. Moreover, the external heating mode can also realize energy recycling through the external circulation of the carbonization furnace.

[0039] The heating device in the embodiment comprises the heater 1021 and the heat exchange equipment 1022 arranged on the outer surface of the horizontal carbonization furnace 101. The heater 1021 can heat the heat exchange medium in various forms such as electric heating, coal, photovoltaic, hydrogen energy and gas.

[0040] The heater 1021 is connected with the heat exchange device 1022 through the pipeline 1023, which is used for heating the horizontal carbonization furnace 101 through the heat exchange medium, so that different regions of the horizontal carbonization furnace 101 are in different temperature ranges. Thus, when the biomass raw material moves to different regions, the corresponding carbonization activation operation is performed by using the corresponding temperature. The specific details are described later.

[0041] When the horizontal carbonization furnace is heated by the heat exchange medium, on the one hand, the heat loss can be avoided by setting the heat preservation layer, and on the other hand, the heat can be recycled by recycling the heat exchange medium, which is more energy-saving and makes the energy utilization efficiency of the entire horizontal carbonization furnace higher.

[0042] The heat exchange medium can be air, water or other fluids that can exchange heat.

[0043] As an optional embodiment, the horizontal carbonization furnace includes a cylindrical body and a spiral feeding mechanism. One end of the cylindrical body is provided with an input port, and the other end is provided with an output gas port and an output material port. The spiral feeding mechanism is arranged inside the cylindrical body and is driven by a driving motor to push the biomass raw material in the input port spirally, and after being treated by different carbonization regions of the cylindrical body, the biomass raw material is output to the output material port.

[0044] As shown in Figure 2 The cylindrical body of the horizontal carbonization furnace is horizontally arranged, one end of the cylindrical body is provided with an input port for inputting biomass raw material, and the other end is provided with an output gas port and an output material port, the output material port is used for outputting biomass charcoal, and the output gas port is used for outputting biomass fuel gas.

[0045] The spiral feeding mechanism is arranged inside the cylindrical body, and the spiral feeding mechanism is driven by a driving motor to slowly push the biomass raw material input by the input port through the spiral blade, and after being carbonized and activated in the cylindrical body, the biomass raw material forms biomass charcoal and is output to the output material port. The biomass fuel gas generated therein is transmitted to the output gas port.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, the heat exchange device includes a heat exchange pipe wound on the cylindrical body and a heat preservation layer arranged outside the heat exchange pipe. One end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the heater, and the other end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the heat recovery device. The end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heater is wound on the cylindrical body from the output port end of the cylindrical body to the input port end of the cylindrical body.

[0047] The heat exchange device includes a heat exchange pipe wound on the cylindrical body. By winding the heat exchange pipe, the heating temperature can be adjusted by changing the winding distance and the winding mode, so that different temperatures can be achieved in different regions of the horizontal carbonization furnace.

[0048] The heat exchange pipe is further provided with an insulation layer outside, which can avoid heat dissipation in the heat exchange process, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and avoiding energy waste.

[0049] One end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the heater, which is used to receive the heat exchange ring heated to a certain temperature by the heater, for example, in the case of air as the heat exchange ring, the above-mentioned temperature can be more than 1000℃.

[0050] The other end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the heat recovery device, which can make secondary use of the residual heat in the heat exchange medium after the heat exchange is completed, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0051] The end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heater is wound around the cylindrical body from the output end of the cylindrical body to the input end of the cylindrical body, so that the area with higher temperature requirement can be heated by the heat exchange medium with higher temperature. For example, the carbonization activation zone at the output end of the cylindrical body requires the highest temperature, which is 900℃, therefore, the heat exchange medium with high temperature needs to be input from the output end of the cylindrical body for heat exchange.

[0052] As an optional embodiment, the end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heater is further provided with a pressurizing device, which is used to pressurize the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipe; and the end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heat recovery device is further provided with an extraction device, which is used to extract the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipe.

[0053] The end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heater is further provided with a pressurizing device, for example, an air compressor, which can pressurize the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipe, especially in the case of gas as the heat exchange medium, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by pressurization.

[0054] The end of the heat exchange pipe connected with the heat recovery device is further provided with an extraction device, for example, an induced draft fan, which can extract the gaseous heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipe, so that the gaseous heat exchange ring in the heat exchange pipe can flow stably and effectively at a certain rate, which not only can improve the operation stability, but also can ensure the stability of the heat exchange.

[0055] As an optional embodiment, the different carbonization zones of the cylindrical body from the input end to the output end are in turn a drying zone, a dry distillation carbonization zone and a carbonization activation zone; the average working temperature of the drying zone is 200-400℃; the average working temperature of the dry distillation carbonization zone is 500-700℃; and the average working temperature of the carbonization activation zone is 800-1000℃.

[0056] Preferably, the average working temperature of the drying zone is 300℃; the average working temperature of the dry distillation carbonization zone is 600℃; and the average working temperature of the carbonization activation zone is 900℃.

[0057] The biomass raw material is first evaporated and rapidly heated in the drying zone.

[0058] Then to dry distillation carbonization zone will volatile gas (hydrocarbons, alkyl, phenolic, etc.) and difficult to decompose tar slowly out, at this time the biomass raw material into carbonized dry material.

[0059] Finally into the carbonization activation zone, under high temperature conditions, biomass tar can be completely decomposed, dry carbon base and water vapor reaction to produce combustible gas hydrogen and carbon monoxide, etc., in the carbonization activation zone carbonized dry material complete activation reaction, forming activated carbon.

[0060] As an optional embodiment, further comprising: a feeding device, a carbon storage device; the feeding device is connected with the input port, used for transmitting the input and temporarily stored biomass raw material into the horizontal carbonization furnace after preliminary processing; the carbon storage device is connected with the output port, used for receiving and storing the biomass carbon output by the output port.

[0061] The feeding device is connected with the input port of the cylindrical main body, and the feeding device is used for transmitting the input biomass raw material into the horizontal carbonization furnace after preliminary processing. The preliminary processing can include cleaning, screening, drying and the like.

[0062] The carbon storage device is connected with the output port, and the carbon storage device is used for receiving and storing the biomass carbon output by the output port.

[0063] It should be noted that the feeding device and the carbon storage device are both devices connected between the inside and the outside environment of the horizontal carbonization furnace, and need to be cut off by the valve plate and the air lock fan, so that the solid material can be transmitted, but the gas environment is isolated.

[0064] Specifically, the carbon storage device and the output port of the horizontal carbonization furnace are provided with a carbon outlet air lock and an electric double-layer heavy hammer flap valve to ensure that the fuel gas will not leak with the carbon discharge. The feeding device and the input port of the horizontal carbonization furnace are provided with a feeding port air lock and a flap valve to ensure that the biomass raw material feeding will not cause the fuel gas in the horizontal carbonization furnace to leak.

[0065] As an optional embodiment, further comprising: a heat recovery device; the heat recovery device is connected with the output port of the heat exchange equipment, used for heat recovery of the heat exchange medium output by the heat exchange equipment; wherein one end of the heat exchange equipment connected with the heater is provided with an input port, and the other end away from the input port is provided with an output port, the output port is used for outputting the heat exchange medium which has been heat exchanged, and the output port is connected with the heat recovery device.

[0066] The heat exchange equipment outputs the heat exchange medium which has been heat exchanged, and still has certain heat. For example, in the embodiment, the flue gas with a temperature of more than 1000℃ is heat exchanged in the horizontal carbonization furnace, and the flue gas output by the heat exchange equipment can reach a temperature of 200℃-300℃, still having high heat.

[0067] Therefore, the heat recovery device is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange equipment, so that the heat exchange medium output by the heat exchange equipment can be recovered. In an embodiment, the heat recovery device can be a heat exchanger, which can transfer the heat of the heat exchange medium by heat exchange and output to the equipment in need of heat for recycling.

[0068] As an optional embodiment, the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the feeding device, and / or the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the load equipment, and / or the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the heater for recycling the heat exchange medium to the heater for reheating.

[0069] In the embodiment, the output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the feeding device, which can be used for preheating the biomass raw material in the feeding device.

[0070] The output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the load equipment, which can heat the load equipment to a certain extent.

[0071] The output end of the heat recovery device is connected with the heater, which can recycle the heat exchange medium to the heater for reheating, so as to avoid waste of the heat exchange medium and heat.

[0072] As an optional embodiment, the output gas port is connected with the heater for providing fuel for the heater, and / or the output gas port is also connected with the load equipment for providing fuel for the load equipment.

[0073] The biomass fuel gas output by the output gas port is difficult to store due to its complex composition, and can be directly combusted for further energy utilization.

[0074] The output gas port is connected with the heater for providing fuel for the heater, which can heat the heat exchange medium with the generated biomass fuel gas, so as to heat the horizontal carbonization furnace, thereby realizing energy recycling and making the external heating type high-temperature carbonization more energy-saving.

[0075] The output gas port can also be connected with the load equipment for providing fuel for the load equipment, which can provide necessary fuel for the load equipment that needs to be heated by gas, thereby saving the use cost of the load equipment.

[0076] As an optional embodiment, the smoke exhaust port of the feeding device is connected with the water film dust removal tower, and the smoke exhaust port is used for exhausting the flue gas generated after the recycled heat exchange medium heats the biomass raw material; the output end of the water film dust removal tower is connected with the smoke exhaust equipment of the load device.

[0077] Thus, the existing smoke exhaust equipment is used to realize smoke exhaust, thereby avoiding the problem of high cost caused by separately setting the smoke exhaust equipment for the feeding device.

[0078] The smoke exhaust device can be a chimney, and a water film dust removal tower is further arranged between the feeding device and the chimney to remove dust from the waste gas before discharging.

[0079] It should be noted that the embodiment also provides an optional implementation, which will be described in detail below.

[0080] The present application provides a continuous controllable biomass and charcoal co-production device and method, which has the following advantages: (1) the biomass and charcoal co-production furnace is continuously controllable (charcoalization temperature, time and atmosphere are controllable) during operation, and heat transfer in the furnace is uniform; (2) the biomass charcoal yield is high, and the product quality and characteristics are good; (3) the entire device and system are pollution-free during production, by-products can be reused, and the energy utilization rate is high; (3) the entire device and system are easy to operate, maintain, safe, stable and have a long service life; (4) the system has low energy consumption, low cost and small footprint; (5) the adaptability to biomass raw materials is strong, and the technical requirements are low.

[0081] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the continuous production device of the biomass charcoal of the embodiment of the present application, as Figure 2 The working principle of the present embodiment is as follows:

[0082] The feeding device 206 conveys the collected and crushed biomass raw materials to the charcoalization reactor 203 through the feeding auger, and the spiral feeding device 202 in the charcoalization reactor 203 slowly outputs the biomass raw materials under the driving of the speed regulating motor 201.

[0083] The drying zone, the dry distillation and charcoalization zone, and the charcoalization and activation zone are sequentially arranged in the charcoalization reactor 203 from the inlet end to the carbon production end. The charcoalization and activation in the charcoalization reactor 203 adopts the high-temperature heat exchange principle, the high-temperature flue gas passes through the external heating flue gas passage device to heat the reactor, and the initial flue gas temperature entering the reactor is above 1000℃.

[0084] The drying zone in the charcoalization reactor 203 can quickly precipitate all water vapor in the biomass raw materials; the dry distillation and charcoalization zone can precipitate all volatile components such as hydrocarbons, alkanes, phenols and tar in the biomass raw materials and make them in a gaseous state; the charcoalization and activation zone can not only decompose part of the tar and volatile components that are difficult to crack into combustible gas, but also can use the moisture in the biomass raw materials for activation reaction to react the dry base charcoal into activated carbon, which is output to the charcoal storage device 205.

[0085] The high-temperature flue gas produced by the charcoalization reactor 203 has very low dust content due to slow precipitation and uniform heat and mass transfer in the spiral feeding device 202, and the combustible gas does not contain tar, wood vinegar and other difficult-to-decompose impurities.

[0086] The clean biomass gas enters the flow regulating device 209, and a part thereof is combusted into high-temperature flue gas by the combustion furnace 208 to enter the outer hot flue gas passage device 204 of the carbonization reactor 203 to provide a heat source for the carbonization reactor 203. Another part of the gas enters the combustion load device 210 to provide a cheap heat source for the heat equipment of the load such as a boiler, a drying furnace, a kiln, a metallurgical furnace and the like.

[0087] The high-temperature flue gas discharged from the outer hot flue gas passage device 204 has a temperature of 300 DEG C or above, can enter the heat recovery device 207, and a part of the heat is used for drying the raw material of the feeding device 206, and a part of the heat is used for the air distribution system of the combustion load device 210 to warm the air, and finally the low-temperature waste gas is collected to the exhaust gas device 211 for purification and discharge.

[0088] By using the above working principle, the above biomass hot carbon co-production furnace is continuously controllable during the operation process, including controllable carbonization temperature, time and atmosphere, and the heat transfer in the furnace is uniform. The biomass carbon yield is high, and the product quality and characteristics are good. The whole device and system have no pollution to the environment during the production process, the by-products can be secondarily utilized, and the energy utilization rate is high. The whole device and system are easy to operate, easy to maintain and repair, safe and stable, and have a long service life. The system has low energy consumption, low cost, small occupation area, strong adaptability to biomass raw materials, and low technical requirements.

[0089] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a continuous production system of biomass carbon of an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 3 shown, is an example of an actually implemented continuous production system of biomass carbon based on the above principle.

[0090] The biomass raw material enters the storage device 13 from the discharge port 12, enters the carbonization and activation integrated reactor 1 under the control of the flap valve 10, and the carbonization and activation integrated reactor 1 is hereinafter referred to as the reactor 1. In order to prevent air or gas penetration, the intermediate pipeline is provided with a feed inlet air lock 9. The biomass raw material is transported to the other end of the reactor 1 at a controlled speed and flow rate by the screw feeder 7, wherein the screw feeder 7 is driven by the speed regulating motor 8.

[0091] The biomass raw material is first evaporated and rapidly heated in the drying zone 38 of the reactor 1. Then, when the volatile gas (hydrocarbons, alkanes, phenols and the like) and the difficult-to-decompose tar are slowly separated in the dry distillation carbonization zone 39 of the reactor 1, the biomass raw material becomes carbonized dry material. When the carbonized dry material enters the carbonization and activation zone 40 of the reactor 1, the biomass tar can be completely decomposed under high-temperature conditions, the dry carbon base reacts with water vapor to produce combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the carbonized dry material completes the activation reaction in the carbonization and activation zone 40 to form activated carbon.

[0092] The reactor 1 is provided with an inner cylinder scraper 5 to remove impurities adhering to the inner wall of the screw conveyor 7. The end of the reactor 1 outputting the biomass charcoal and the biomass gas is also provided with a mechanical seal device 28 to avoid gas leakage.

[0093] The outer part of the screw conveyor 7 is an outer hot flue gas passage, which includes an outer hot flue gas passage outer cylinder 3, an outer hot flue gas passage inner cylinder 6, and a spiral passage 4 arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 6.

[0094] The spiral passage 4 allows the flue gas to uniformly exchange heat with the substances inside the screw conveyor 7. The spiral passage 4 has a flue gas inlet 22 and a flue gas outlet 15 at both ends. The flue gas inlet 22 is also provided with an air compressor 19 to pressurize the flue gas entering the spiral passage 4, and a controller 20 and a wind volume adjusting valve 21 are arranged to adjust the pressure and wind volume of the flue gas entering the spiral passage 4 according to the demand.

[0095] The outer layer of the outer hot flue gas passage outer cylinder 3 has a temperature-resistant layer 2 to avoid unnecessary heat dissipation and further improve the heat recovery efficiency.

[0096] The other end of the carbonization and activation integrated reactor 1 is a carbon storage device and a gas outlet 23. The carbon storage device includes a carbon storage chamber 25 and a carbon outlet check valve 27 between which an electric double-layer heavy hammer flap valve 26 is arranged to ensure that the gas does not leak with the carbon discharge.

[0097] The high-temperature clean gas produced by the reactor 1 enters the gas path distributor 24 through the gas outlet 23. At this time, the gas flow is adjusted according to the design load and heat demand. Part of the gas enters the burner 31 of the high-temperature combustion furnace 32 to be burned into high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the reactor 1, and the other part of the gas enters the low-nitrogen burner 35 of the boiler equipment 36 to provide heat.

[0098] The high-temperature combustion furnace 32 is also provided with a blower 29 to blow the biomass gas transmitted from the gas path distributor 24 into the burner 31. In addition, to ensure safety, a first flame retardant 30 is arranged between the blower 29 and the burner 31.

[0099] Similarly, in the boiler equipment 36, a variable frequency blower 33 is also arranged, which has a similar function to the blower 29 and blows the biomass gas transmitted from the gas path distributor 24 into the low-nitrogen burner 35. Similarly, to ensure safety, a second flame retardant 34 is arranged between the variable frequency blower 33 and the low-nitrogen burner 35.

[0100] The flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge port 15 of the spiral channel 4 has part of the residual heat, which enters the heat exchanger 17 through the induced draft fan 16. Part of the heat enters the air inlet 11 of the storage hopper 13 for drying the raw materials, and then enters the water film dust removal tower 14 for purification, and is finally discharged through the chimney 37. Another part of the heat is used for the air distribution system of the boiler equipment 36 to heat the air, and finally the low-temperature waste gas is collected and discharged through the chimney 37 for purification.

[0101] It should be noted that the air inlet 18 is arranged on the heat exchanger 17 to exchange heat with external air, and heat energy is recovered during transmission.

[0102] The embodiment also provides parameter data for producing carbon in actual implementation. Specifically, the storage hopper stores freshly collected wood chips (crushed forestry waste, with a water content of more than 40%). 500 kg of material is fed into the carbonization and activation integrated reactor every hour, the motor power of the screw feeder is 45 kw, the reactor is made of temperature-resistant steel material, and the size is 5 m in length, 1.2 m in outer diameter, 0.2 m in thickness of the temperature-resistant layer, and 0.2 m in flue gas spiral channel.

[0103] The active carbon produced in the reactor every hour is 65 kg, the heat value of the produced fuel gas is 2500 kcal / Nm3, and the fuel gas flow is 300 Nm3 per hour. Of which, 100 Nm3 enters the high-temperature combustion furnace to burn and generate 1000℃ flue gas for the carbonization and activation heat of the reactor, and another 200 Nm3 enters the boiler low-nitrogen burner to burn and generate 0.75 tons of steam for industrial production.

[0104] The average temperature of the drying zone in the carbonization and activation integrated reactor is 300℃, the average temperature of the dry distillation carbonization zone is 600℃, and the average temperature of the carbonization and activation zone is 900℃.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the output is increased, and the output quality is ensured. The produced fuel gas has less impurities, high heat value, and high energy utilization rate of the whole system.

[0106] The embodiment adopts an external heating type high-temperature carbonization and activation mode, which is domestically created and widens the adaptability of the equipment to the biomass raw materials (the types of the raw materials can be more, the water content requirement of the raw materials is lower, and the raw materials are no longer limited to the requirement that the water content is controlled to be less than 25%, but the freshly collected biomass wet material can be directly crushed and carbonized), and is convenient for application in multiple regions.

[0107] The carbonization and activation integrated reactor device provided by the embodiment uniformly feeds the biomass raw materials under the action of the screw feeder, uniformly transfers heat for carbonization, uses the water content of the raw materials as the activator required by the high-temperature activation zone, and has good quality of the produced active carbon, continuous controllability, controllable feeding process and drying and carbonization process through speed regulation of the motor, and adjustable external heating temperature through the gas distribution device and the high-temperature combustion furnace to control the flue gas temperature.

[0108] And the generated biomass gas is clean, does not contain tar, and has high calorific value. The biomass gas includes a gas generated by biomass pyrolysis gasification, a gas generated by biomass tar cracking, and hydrogen and carbon monoxide generated by reaction of water vapor and carbonized material.

[0109] The entire biomass hot carbon cogeneration system of the embodiment can perform heat recovery, the generated waste heat is highly consistent with the heat utilization equipment, the energy of the biomass itself is fully utilized, waste of byproducts is avoided, the energy utilization rate is high, the internal material feeder of the reactor is used for regulating the feeding and discharging, the high energy consumption problem of the large motor of the horizontal converter is avoided, the control and maintenance are simple, and the technical use threshold is reduced.

[0110] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "upper", "top", "up", and the like can be used herein to describe the spatial relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above" or "above" the other device or structure will be positioned "below" or "below" the other device or structure. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below" orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0111] In addition, it should be noted that the use of the words "first", "second", and the like to describe components is merely intended to facilitate the differentiation of the corresponding components, and the above words have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0112] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar production apparatus, characterized in that, include: Horizontal carbonization furnace, heating device; The horizontal carbonization furnace is used to carbonize the input biological raw materials at high temperature and output biochar. The heating device includes a heater and a heat exchange device disposed on the outer surface of the horizontal carbonization furnace; The heater is connected to the heat exchange device via a pipe, and the pipe contains a heat exchange medium. The horizontal carbonization furnace includes a horizontally arranged cylindrical body and a spiral feeding mechanism; One end of the cylindrical body is provided with an inlet, and the other end is provided with an outlet for air and an outlet for material. The spiral feeding mechanism is located inside the cylindrical body and is driven by a drive motor to spirally push the biological raw material at the input port. After being processed by different carbonization zones of the cylindrical body, the raw material is output to the output port. The cylindrical body consists of three carbonization zones from the inlet to the outlet: a drying zone, a dry distillation carbonization zone, and a carbonization activation zone. The average operating temperature of the drying zone is 200℃-400℃. The average operating temperature of the dry distillation carbonization zone is 500℃-700℃. The average operating temperature of the carbonization activation zone is 800℃-1000℃.

2. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange device includes a heat exchange tube wound around the cylindrical body and an insulation layer disposed outside the heat exchange tube; One end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the heater, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the heat recovery device; The heat exchange tube, connected to the heater, begins to wind around the cylindrical body from the output end to the input end.

3. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the heat exchange tube connected to the heater is also provided with a pressurizing device for pressurizing the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube; The end of the heat exchange tube connected to the heat recovery device is also equipped with an extraction device for extracting the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube.

4. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Feeding device, carbon storage device; The feeding device is connected to the input port and is used to pre-process the input and temporarily stored biological raw materials and then transmit them into the horizontal carbonization furnace. The char storage device is connected to the output port and is used to receive and store the biochar output from the output port.

5. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Heat recovery device; The heat recovery device is connected to the output port of the heat exchange equipment and is used to recover heat from the heat exchange medium output by the heat exchange equipment. The heat exchange device has an inlet at one end connected to the heater and an outlet at the other end away from the inlet. The outlet is used to output the heat exchange medium that has been exchanged and is connected to the heat recovery device.

6. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The output end of the heat recovery device is connected to the feeding device; And / or, the output of the heat recovery device is connected to the load device; And / or, the output of the heat recovery device is connected to the heater for circulating the heat exchange medium to the heater for reheating.

7. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The outlet gas port is connected to the heater and is used to provide fuel to the heater; And / or, the output port is also connected to the load device for supplying fuel to the load device.

8. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The exhaust port of the feeding device is connected to the water film dust removal tower. The exhaust port is used to discharge the flue gas generated after the recovered heat exchange medium heats the biomass raw materials. The output end of the water film dust removal tower is connected to the smoke exhaust equipment of the load device.

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