Automatic seed cleaning test bed for potato resowing detection

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic seed cleaning test bed for potato resowing detection, which relates to the technical field of potato sowing testing, and is characterized in that a plurality of seed supporting spoons are uniformly arranged on a gear chain, and positioning grooves are formed in the seed supporting spoons and are used for mounting magnet sheets; the positioning plate is n-shaped, the two racks are fixedly connected, and a middle plate body of the positioning plate directly faces the gear chain; the two space capacitance sensors are arranged on the positioning plate, and the seed supporting spoon penetrates through a gap between the two space capacitance sensors; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are respectively arranged on the middle plate body of the positioning plate and are positioned between the two space capacitance sensors, and the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are vertically arranged; the mounting plate is arranged on the rack on one side; the nozzle is arranged on the mounting plate and is used for cleaning redundant potatoes in the seed supporting spoon; the device has the advantages of convenience in use, high test reliability, simple structure and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of potato sowing test, especially relates to a potato heavy sowing detection automatic seed cleaning test bench. BACKGROUND

[0002] Potato is widely planted in all over the world because of its rich nutritional value, strong environmental adaptability and various processing performance, and is the fourth largest food crop in China after wheat, rice and corn. According to the existing agricultural requirements, the cutting potato planting is still the mainstream form of potato mechanized planting, but due to the large difference in the shape of each piece of seed potato in the cutting process, the seed taking is arbitrary, and the seed spoon movement will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of taking too much, the seedling density is weak, and the seedling is too much to compete for fertilizer, which seriously affects the sowing yield, increases the input cost and restricts the rapid development of potato industry.

[0003] The large machines are generally used in European and American countries, the seed box volume is large, the seed filling surface is high, the seed block volume is large, the natural heavy sowing and the missing sowing rate are low, and the potato is not the main food crop in European and American countries, the population size is small, the land area is wide, the influence caused by these congenital yield reduction is not feared, so the research power for the potato heavy sowing problem is lacking, the existing achievements are mainly limited to basic information collection and alarm indication, and the situation in China is completely different. First of all, the potato planter in China is mainly small and medium-sized, due to the backwardness of precision agriculture technology, the yield reduction caused by the heavy sowing in the existing potato sowing link should be not less than 8%. Secondly, we must always stand in the angle of "only 7% of the land in the world, but must feed 18.3% of the population in the world" to think about all the problems related to national food security, especially the main food crops. The potato planting area in China is close to 1 / 3 of the world, and the yield only accounts for 1 / 5 of the world, so it is more urgent to use advanced technology for seed monitoring and take feasible measures to reduce this loss.

[0004] At present, the seeding quality detection system installed on the precision seeder is widely used in China. Liu Quanwei of Gansu Agricultural University developed a detection system based on ATmega16 single-chip microcomputer, which is programmed by C language and assembly language. The HE16 Hall sensor is used to detect whether the seed spoon reaches the position, and the photoelectric sensor is used to detect whether there are potato seeds in the seed spoon. However, the detection accuracy is greatly affected by dust after long-time field work, and the reliability still needs to be improved. Segment Hongbing et al. designed a tilting disc pneumatic potato precision seed metering device. The adsorption force provided by the airflow and the supporting force provided by the inclined placement of the seed metering disc realize the filling of the seed, and good seed metering performance is obtained. However, this seed metering device is only suitable for sowing virus-free potatoes. Lv Jinqing et al. designed and optimized the key components of the spoon belt type potato precision seed metering device, and theoretically analyzed the performance characteristics of the driving wheel and the vibration seed cleaning device. The bench test results show that the qualified rate of the improved seed metering device is 92.6%, the reseeding rate is 4.5%, and the missing seeding rate is 2.9%. However, the vibration seed cleaning requires an additional vibration seed cleaning device, which is complex in structure.

[0005] Therefore, the potato reseeding detection automatic seed cleaning test bench is provided to test the feasibility of the air blowing seed cleaning. Practical new type content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a potato reseeding detection automatic seed cleaning test bench to solve the problems of low reliability, complex structure and limitation to potato varieties of the potato reseeding seed cleaning equipment in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a potato reseeding detection automatic seed cleaning test bench, comprising

[0008] A bottom plate;

[0009] Two racks are arranged on the bottom plate in parallel;

[0010] A seeding pipe is arranged on the bottom plate, and the seeding pipe has a feeding port and a discharging port on one side wall;

[0011] A driving roller is rotatably arranged between the two racks, and a driving gear is arranged on the driving roller;

[0012] A driven roller is rotatably arranged between the two racks, and a driven gear is arranged on the driven roller;

[0013] A gear chain is sleeved on the driven gear and the driving gear and is engaged, and the gear chain passes through the feeding port and the discharging port;

[0014] A plurality of seed spoons are uniformly arranged on the gear chain, and a positioning groove is arranged on the seed spoon, and the positioning groove is used for installing a magnet piece;

[0015] The positioning plate is in the shape of "several" and is fixedly connected with the two racks, and the middle plate body of the positioning plate is opposite to the gear chain;

[0016] The two spatial capacitive sensors are arranged on the positioning plate, and the seed spoon passes through the gap between the two spatial capacitive sensors;

[0017] The first and second Hall sensors are arranged on the middle plate body of the positioning plate and located between the two spatial capacitive sensors, and the first and second Hall sensors are vertically arranged;

[0018] The mounting plate is arranged on one side of the rack;

[0019] The nozzle is arranged on the mounting plate, and the nozzle is used for cleaning the excess potatoes in the seed spoon.

[0020] Preferably, the middle plate body of the positioning plate is fixedly connected with an inclined guide plate, and the guide plate is used for blocking the blown potatoes from passing through the middle slot of the positioning plate.

[0021] Preferably, the rack is provided with a servo motor, and the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the driving roller.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are:

[0023] When the potatoes are tested, the tester puts a plurality of potatoes in a seed spoon at the same time, when the seed spoon reaches the second Hall sensor, the signal triggers the loop judgment program in the control program, the seed spoon continues to move upward to the detection range of the spatial capacitive sensor, the judgment program judges whether there is an excess seed potato in the seed spoon according to the pre-set capacitive threshold of a single seed potato, if the capacitive value exceeds the set capacitive threshold at this time, that is, there are multiple seed potatoes in the seed spoon, at this time, the nozzle blows air to clean the seed spoon after the first Hall sensor detects the corresponding seed spoon; if the capacitive value does not exceed the capacitive threshold at this time, that is, there is only a single seed potato in the seed spoon, at this time, the nozzle does not blow air after the first Hall sensor detects the corresponding seed spoon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a front view of the potato re-broadcast detection automatic seed cleaning test bench.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a rear view of the positioning plate.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the seed spoon.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a force diagram of the seed potato in the seed spoon.

[0028] Wherein: the base plate 10, the rack 20, the seeding tube 30, the feeding port 31, the discharge port 32, the gear chain 40, the driving gear 41, the driving roller 42, the servo motor 43, the driven roller 44, the driven gear 45, the seed spoon 50, the positioning groove 51, the induction structure 60, the positioning plate 61, the first Hall sensor 62, the second Hall sensor 63, the spatial capacitive sensor 64, the nozzle 70, the mounting plate 71, the guide plate 72. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0030] As Figures 1-3 In the first embodiment,

[0031] A potato reseeding detection automatic seed cleaning test bench, comprising

[0032] The base plate 10;

[0033] Two racks 20 are arranged on the base plate 10 in parallel;

[0034] The seeding tube 30 is arranged on the base plate 10, and the seeding tube 30 has a feeding port 31 and a discharge port 32 on one side wall;

[0035] The driving roller 42 is rotatably arranged between the two racks 20, and the driving roller 42 is provided with a driving gear 41;

[0036] The driven roller 44 is rotatably arranged between the two racks 20, and the driven roller 44 is provided with a driven gear 45;

[0037] The gear chain 40 is sleeved on the driven gear 45 and the driving gear 41 and is engaged, and the gear chain 40 passes through the feeding port 31 and the discharge port 32;

[0038] A plurality of seed spoons 50 are uniformly arranged on the gear chain 40, and the seed spoon 50 is provided with a positioning groove 51 for installing a magnet piece;

[0039] The positioning plate 61 is in the shape of a Chinese character "j", and the two racks 20 are fixedly connected, and the middle plate body of the positioning plate 61 faces the gear chain 40;

[0040] Two spatial capacitive sensors 64 are arranged on the positioning plate 61, and the seed spoon 50 passes through the gap between the two spatial capacitive sensors 64;

[0041] The first Hall sensor 62 and the second Hall sensor 63 are respectively arranged on the middle plate body of the positioning plate 61 and located between the two spatial capacitive sensors 64, and the first Hall sensor 62 and the second Hall sensor 63 are vertically arranged;

[0042] Mounting plate 71 is mounted on one side of the frame 20;

[0043] Nozzle 70, mounted on mounting plate 71, is used to clean excess potatoes from seed scoop 50.

[0044] This embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0045] When this application is in use, the drive roller 42 drives the drive gear 41 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gear 45 and the driven roller 44 to rotate, thereby driving the seed scoop 50 on the gear chain 40 to enter the feed hole 31 and move out of the discharge hole 32.

[0046] Since the main purpose of this study is to find out how to remove excess seed potatoes when potato replanting occurs, seed removal is carried out by manual seed placement.

[0047] When the seed scoop 50 reaches the second Hall sensor 63, the signal triggers the loop judgment program in the control program. The seed scoop 50 continues to move upward to the detection range of the space capacitance sensor 64. The judgment program judges whether there are extra seed potatoes in the seed scoop 50 according to the pre-set capacitance threshold of a single seed potato. If the capacitance value exceeds the set capacitance threshold at this time, there are multiple seed potatoes in the seed scoop 50. If the capacitance value does not exceed the capacitance threshold at this time, there is only a single seed potato in the seed scoop 50.

[0048] In actual planting work, there may be more than one seed potato that is pulled away from the seed group by the seed scoop 50. When it is determined that there are multiple seed potatoes in the seed scoop 50, the seed scoop 50 continues to move upward. When the first Hall sensor 62 detects the magnetic piece on the seed scoop 50, the nozzle 70 blows the excess seed potatoes away from the scoop, thus achieving automatic seed cleaning.

[0049] After the seed cleaning process, the seed potato scoop carries a single seed potato into the feed inlet 31.

[0050] Please see Figure 1 , 2 An inclined guide plate 72 is fixedly connected to the middle plate of the positioning plate 61. The guide plate 72 is used to prevent the blown potatoes from passing through the middle groove of the positioning plate 61.

[0051] By setting a guide plate 72 on the positioning plate 61, the blown potatoes can be prevented from passing through the middle groove of the positioning plate 61.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 A servo motor 43 is mounted on a frame 20, and the output end of the servo motor 43 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the drive roller 42.

[0053] The servo motor 43 can drive the drive roller 42 to rotate.

[0054] Blowing parameters calculation:

[0055] During the cleaning process, the cleaning gas flow should meet the requirements of the cleaning process, but it should not blow the seed potatoes off the bottom of the seed spoon, so the quantitative relationship between the cleaning gas flow and the weight of the potato should be established. When the seed spoon passes through the cleaning area, the force diagram of the seed potato is as shown in Figure 4 ;

[0056] Taking the centroid of the seed potato as the origin, the force balance equation of the seed potato in the seed spoon under the critical state is shown in equation 1:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, is the positive gas flow force generated by the left rear sharp nozzle of the seed spoon on the seed potato; is the positive gas flow force generated by the right rear sharp nozzle of the seed spoon on the seed potato; is the resultant force generated by and ; is the static friction coefficient between the seed potato and the seed spoon; is the support force of the seed spoon on the seed potato; in order to ensure that the excess seed potato can be blown away from the seed spoon, the positive gas flow action resultant force should satisfy equation 2:

[0059]

[0060] The positive pressure gas flow force on the seed potato can also be regarded as the flow resistance of the seed potato in the cleaning gas flow field, which can be expressed as equation 3:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula is the fluid density; is the windward area; is the drag coefficient; is the speed of the seed potato relative to the fluid in the gas flow field. In order to simplify the analysis, the windward area of the seed potato can be regarded as spherical, and since the centroid of the seed potato is outside the gas flow field, the initial speed can be approximately regarded as 0 , then the windward area of the seed potato and the gas flow speed at the centroid of the seed potato in the seed spoon gas flow field can be expressed as equation 4:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, is the diameter of the seed potato; is the volumetric flow rate through the nozzle; is the distance from the centroid of the seed potato to the center of the gas flow field; is the cone angle of the air flow field, and the volume flow rate is determined by the air flow velocity at the nozzle and the cross-sectional area, and can be expressed as equation 5:

[0065]

[0066] wherein, is the diameter of the clean seed tube; is the air flow velocity at the nozzle, and equations 4 and 5 are substituted into equation 3 to obtain the turbulent flow resistance experienced by the seed tuber in the air flow field:

[0067]

[0068] The equation 6 is substituted into equation 2, and after rearrangement, the following inequality is obtained to ensure that there is no excess seed tuber in the seed scoop:

[0069]

[0070] The distance of the seed tuber from the center of the clean seed flow field is set as , the cone angle of the clean seed air flow field is , the diameter of the pointed nozzle is , the gravity experienced by the seed tuber is , the drag coefficient is , the diameter of the seed tuber is , the air density is , and the dynamic friction coefficient between the seed tubers is = The above parameters are substituted into equation 7 to obtain the clean seed flow rate that needs to satisfy .

[0071] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An automatic seed cleaning test bench for detecting potato replanting, comprising a bottom plate; two frames, arranged in parallel on the bottom plate; a sowing pipe, arranged on the bottom plate, and having a feed inlet and a discharge outlet on one side wall of the sowing pipe; a driving roller, rotatably arranged between the two frames, and having a driving gear arranged thereon; a driven roller, rotatably arranged between the two frames, and having a driven gear arranged thereon; a gear chain, sleeved on the driven gear and the driving gear and meshed therewith, and the gear chain passes through the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; wherein, a plurality of seed supporting spoons, evenly arranged on the gear chain, and having a positioning groove arranged thereon, and the positioning groove is used for installing a magnet sheet; a positioning plate, in a "ji" shape, fixedly connected to the two frames, and the middle plate body of the positioning plate faces the gear chain; two spatial capacitance sensors, arranged on the positioning plate, and the seed supporting spoon passes through the gap between the two spatial capacitance sensors; a first Hall sensor and a second Hall sensor, respectively arranged on the middle plate body of the positioning plate and located between the two spatial capacitance sensors, and the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are arranged vertically; a mounting plate, arranged on one of the frames; a nozzle, arranged on the mounting plate, and the nozzle is used for cleaning the excess potatoes in the seed supporting spoon.

2. The potato replant detection and automatic deseeding test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inclined material guiding plate is fixedly connected to the middle plate body of the positioning plate, and the material guiding plate is used for blocking the potatoes blown off from passing through the middle groove of the positioning plate.

3. The automatic seed cleaning test bench for potato reseeding detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, A servo motor is arranged on one of the frames, and the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the driving roller.

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