Heading machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment with a drilling or cutting tool, in particular to a tunneling machine. The tunneling machine comprises a shield body and an excavation device mounted in the shield body, the excavation device comprises a cantilever mechanism and a rotary seat, a mounting base body for the rotary seat to be rotatably mounted along a rotary axis extending in the tunneling direction is arranged in the shield body, and a rotary driving mechanism for driving the rotary seat to rotate is arranged in the shield body; one end of the cantilever mechanism is hinged to the rotary seat and is provided with a swing arm driving mechanism used for driving the cantilever mechanism to swing relative to the rotary seat, and the other end of the cantilever mechanism is provided with a rock breaking head, and the rotary driving mechanism drives the rotary seat to rotate to be matched with the swing arm driving mechanism to drive the cantilever mechanism to swing relative to the rotary seat; the installation structure of the movement mechanism can be simplified while the excavation range of the excavation device is guaranteed, and cost reduction is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, and particularly relates to a tunneling machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large tunnel excavation equipment integrating mechanical, electronic, hydraulic, and laser technologies, and plays an important role in mountain tunnel and urban subway construction. The excavation section of the tunneling machine is basically circular, but for tunnel excavation projects, there are more and more projects with shaped sections such as horseshoe-shaped and gate-shaped irregular sections. If the traditional circular-section tunneling machine is used for excavation, the excavation amount will inevitably increase, and the excavated part also needs to be backfilled, which not only increases the project cost but also prolongs the construction period.

[0003] For the above-mentioned problem of difficulty in excavating irregular-section tunnels by traditional TBM, a flexible-arm tunneling machine is disclosed in the Chinese Utility Model Patent with the authorization publication number CN217950375U. The flexible-arm tunneling machine includes a cutterhead system, a flexible-arm system, a displacement system, and a main pushing system. The cutterhead system is installed on the flexible-arm system, the flexible-arm system is installed on a first shield body, the displacement system is installed on a second shield body, the displacement system includes a displacement cylinder connected with the first shield body to drive the first shield body to move relative to the second shield body, the main pushing system is connected with the second shield body to provide support force for the second shield body and drive the second shield body to move forward, the flexible-arm system includes six flexible-arm hydraulic cylinders, one end of each flexible-arm hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first shield body, and the other end is connected with the cutterhead system. Each flexible-arm hydraulic cylinder cooperates with each other to drive the cutterhead system at the front end to swing at various angles and push in various directions. When the flexible-arm tunneling machine works, the cutterhead system cuts rocks. The displacement system adjusts the position of the flexible-arm system and the cutterhead system at the front end, expands the working range of the flexible-arm system, and the flexible-arm system and the displacement system can drive the cutterhead system to fully cover the section shape, which can meet the excavation requirements of irregular tunnels such as horseshoe-shaped tunnels and rectangular tunnels.

[0004] The cutter head system constitutes a rock breaking head for excavating rock, the cutter head system, the flexible arm system and the displacement system cooperatively constitute an excavation device for excavating a section, the inner wall of the second shield constitutes a mounting base for mounting the excavation device, and the second shield constitutes a shield for supporting a tunnel and protecting personnel and mechanical equipment. Utility model content

[0005] The utility model discloses a tunneling machine, to solve the current tunneling machine adopts the structure of flexible arm system and displacement system to guarantee the activity range of rock breaking head to make the problem of high cost.

[0006] The technical scheme of the tunneling machine of the utility model is:

[0007] A tunneling machine, comprising a shield and an excavation device mounted in the shield, the excavation device comprising a cantilever mechanism and a rotary seat, the shield being provided with a mounting base for rotatably mounting the rotary seat along a rotary axis extending in a tunneling direction, the shield being provided with a rotary drive mechanism for driving the rotary seat to rotate, one end of the cantilever mechanism being hingedly connected to the rotary seat and being provided with a swing arm drive mechanism for driving the cantilever mechanism to swing relative to the rotary seat, and the other end of the cantilever mechanism being provided with a rock breaking head.

[0008] Advantages: the utility model discloses a tunneling machine in the prior art, and the movable cantilever mechanism is utilized to cooperate with the rotary seat rotating around the tunneling direction to guarantee the activity range of the rock breaking head, the rotary seat is rotatably mounted on the mounting base in the shield, and the rotary axis extends in the tunneling direction, one end of the cantilever mechanism is hingedly connected to the rotary seat, and the other end is provided with the rock breaking head, the rotary seat is driven to rotate by the rotary drive mechanism, and the cantilever mechanism is driven to swing relative to the rotary seat by the swing arm drive mechanism, so that the rock breaking head can be adjusted in a large range, the excavation range of the excavation device can be guaranteed, the mounting structure of the motion mechanism can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced.

[0009] Further, the cantilever mechanism comprises at least two sections of branch arms connected in series, the adjacent two sections of branch arms are hingedly connected, and the two ends of the cantilever mechanism are located on the branch arm hingedly connected to the rotary seat and the branch arm provided with the rock breaking head respectively.

[0010] Further, the branch arm close to the rotating seat in the two adjacent branch arms is a proximal branch arm, and the branch arm far from the rotating seat is a distal branch arm, and the distal branch arm has at least two swing directions perpendicular to each other relative to the proximal branch arm.

[0011] Further, the distal branch arm is the branch arm for mounting the rock breaking head.

[0012] Further, the cantilever mechanism comprises a first branch arm and a second branch arm, one end of the first branch arm is hinged to the rotating seat, the other end is hinged to the middle of the second branch arm, the swing arm driving mechanism is connected between the first branch arm and the rotating seat, the second branch arm driving mechanism for driving the second branch arm to swing relative to the first branch arm is arranged between the first branch arm and the second branch arm, and the end close to the rotating seat of the second branch arm is hinged to the second branch arm driving mechanism.

[0013] Further, the cantilever mechanism further comprises a third branch arm, the third branch arm constitutes the distal branch arm for mounting the rock breaking head, and the distance from the hinging axis of the third branch arm to the second branch arm to the hinging axis of the second branch arm to the first branch arm is smaller than the distance from the hinging axis of the second branch arm to the first branch arm to the hinging axis of the first branch arm to the rotating seat.

[0014] Further, the length of the branch arm for mounting the rock breaking head in each branch arm is smaller than the length of the other branch arms.

[0015] Further, the opposite sides of the branch arm for mounting the rock breaking head are respectively provided with the driving mechanisms for driving the branch arm to swing in the same direction.

[0016] Further, the tunneling machine comprises a main beam fixed in the shield body, the front end of the main beam in the shield body is provided with the mounting base body, and the main beam is provided with a support shoe system.

[0017] Further, the rock breaking head is a cutter head comprising a roller cutter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a front view of the embodiment of the tunneling machine of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a top view of the tunneling machine in Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a front view of the tunneling machine in Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural view of the A-A section in Figure 3 ;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural view of the excavation device without the rock breaking head and the third branch arm in Figure 4 ;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the third branch arm and the second branch arm of the excavating device in Figure 4 ;

[0024] Figure 7 is another schematic view of the connection structure of the third branch arm and the second branch arm of the excavating device in Figure 4 ;

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic view of the rock breaking head in Figure 4 ;

[0026] Figure 9 is a schematic view of the supporting shoe system and the pushing oil cylinder in Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 10 is a schematic view of the slag cleaning system in Figure 4 .

[0028] In the figure: 1, shield body; 2, excavating device; 21, slewing seat; 22, cantilever mechanism; 221, first branch arm; 222, first branch arm driving mechanism; 223, second branch arm; 224, second branch arm driving mechanism; 225, third branch arm; 226, third branch arm same direction driving mechanism; 227, third branch arm vertical direction driving mechanism; 228, mounting plate; 23, rock breaking head; 231, cutter head driving mechanism; 232, cutter head mounting seat; 233, cutter head base body; 234, cutter; 3, main beam; 31, mounting base body; 32, slewing driving mechanism; 4, supporting shoe system; 41, supporting shoe oil cylinder; 42, supporting shoe; 5, slag cleaning system; 51, slag scraping device; 52, slag transporting device; 6, pushing oil cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The basic concept of the tunneling machine is to use the cantilever mechanism that can swing to cooperate with the slewing seat that rotates around the tunneling direction to ensure the activity range of the rock breaking head, which can simplify the installation structure of the movement mechanism and is conducive to reducing the cost. Meanwhile, the mounting base body of the excavating device can be fixed with the shield body, which is conducive to the stability of the excavating device and the shield body.

[0030] Embodiments of the tunneling machine of the utility model:

[0031] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the tunneling machine comprises a shield body 1 and an excavation device 2 installed in the shield body 1, the excavation device 2 comprises a cantilever mechanism 22 and a rotating seat 21, the shield body 1 is provided with a mounting base 31 for mounting the rotating seat 21 to rotate along a rotating axis extending in the tunneling direction, the shield body 1 is provided with a rotating drive mechanism 32 for driving the rotating seat 21 to rotate, one end of the cantilever mechanism 22 is hinged to the rotating seat 21 and is provided with an arm swing drive mechanism for driving the cantilever mechanism 22 to swing relative to the rotating seat 21, and the other end of the cantilever mechanism 22 is provided with a rock breaking head 23. The tunneling machine tunnels forward, the rotating axis of the rotating seat 21 extends in the front-rear direction, the rotating seat 21 is driven to rotate by the rotating drive mechanism 32, the cantilever mechanism 22 is driven to rotate around the rotating axis, and the rock breaking head 23 is driven to move in a circle in a vertical plane, at the same time, the arm swing drive mechanism drives the cantilever mechanism 22 to swing relative to the rotating seat 21, and the rock breaking head 23 is driven to translate, so that the rock breaking head 23 can be adjusted in a large range, the installation structure of the movement mechanism can be simplified while ensuring the excavation range of the excavation device 2, and the cost can be reduced. At the same time, the mounting base 31 can be fixed with the shield body 1, which is beneficial to the stability of the excavation device 2 and the shield body 1 and reliable in use.

[0032] In combination with Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 , the cantilever mechanism 22 comprises three sections of arms connected in series, the three sections of arms are respectively a first arm 221, a second arm 223 and a third arm 225, adjacent two sections of arms are hinged, two ends of the cantilever mechanism 22 are respectively located on the first arm 221 hinged to the rotating seat 21 and the third arm 225 provided with the rock breaking head 23, and one end of the first arm 221 hinged to the rotating seat 21 and one end of the third arm 225 provided with the rock breaking head 23 constitute two ends of the cantilever mechanism 22. The flexibility of the cantilever mechanism 22 can be improved by using multiple sections of arms, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the rock breaking head 23. In other embodiments, the number of arms can be designed according to needs, the cantilever mechanism can be designed as only one long integrated cantilever, or as two sections of arms.

[0033] The first branch arm 221 is parallel to the hinge axis of the rotary seat 21, and the second branch arm 223 is parallel to the hinge axis of the first branch arm 221. The first branch arm 221 is connected to the rotary seat 21 by a flat hinge, the second branch arm 223 is connected to the first branch arm 221 by a flat hinge, the third branch arm 225 is connected to the second branch arm 223 by a Hooke hinge, and the third branch arm 225 has two perpendicular swing directions relative to the second branch arm 223. The third branch arm 225 can swing horizontally and vertically relative to the second branch arm 223, forming two perpendicular swing axes perpendicular to the length direction of the third branch arm 225, and one of the swing axes is parallel to the hinge axis of the second branch arm 223 and the first branch arm 221. The second branch arm 223 constitutes a proximal branch arm close to the rotary seat 21, and the third branch arm 225 constitutes a distal branch arm away from the rotary seat 21, so that the third branch arm 225 has two swing directions relative to the second branch arm 223, improving the flexibility of the cantilever mechanism 22 and facilitating the adjustment of the rock breaking head 23 to face the working face. In other embodiments, the distal branch arm and the proximal branch arm of the adjacent two branch arms can also be connected by a spherical hinge, which can realize more swing directions of the distal branch arm relative to the proximal branch arm and be more flexible.

[0034] In this embodiment, the third branch arm 225 on which the rock breaking head 23 is mounted can be adjusted in two directions, i.e. two perpendicular directions, to facilitate the flexible adjustment of the posture of the rock breaking head 23. In other embodiments, the second branch arm and the first branch arm can be connected by a universal hinge structure, and the second branch arm has different swing directions relative to the first branch arm. The first branch arm and the second branch arm constitute the proximal branch arm and the distal branch arm of the adjacent two branch arms, respectively.

[0035] One end of the first branch arm 221 is hinged to the rotary seat 21, and the other end is hinged to the second branch arm 223. The first branch arm 221 and the rotary seat 21 are provided with a first branch arm driving mechanism 222, which can drive the first branch arm 221 to swing relative to the second branch arm 223, and in turn drive the entire cantilever mechanism 22 to swing. The first branch arm driving mechanism 222 is a swing arm driving mechanism.

[0036] The first branch arm 221 is hingedly connected to the middle of the second branch arm 223 in the length direction, and a second branch arm driving mechanism 224 is arranged between the first branch arm 221 and the second branch arm 223 to drive the second branch arm 223 to swing relative to the first branch arm 221. The end of the second branch arm 223 close to the rotating base 21 is hingedly connected to the second branch arm driving mechanism 224, and the second branch arm driving mechanism 224 is located on one side of the first branch arm 221 in the width direction, so that the structure is compact, and the second branch arm driving mechanism 224 does not need to be arranged with a large extension stroke, thereby saving cost. In other embodiments, the end of the first branch arm and the second branch arm can also be hingedly connected, and the two ends of the second branch arm driving mechanism can be connected to the end of the first branch arm and the end of the second branch arm away from the first branch arm, respectively.

[0037] The end of the second branch arm 223 away from the rotating base 21 is hingedly connected to the third branch arm 225, and the distance between the hinging axis of the third branch arm 225 and the second branch arm 223 and the hinging axis of the second branch arm 223 and the first branch arm 221 is less than the distance between the hinging axis of the first branch arm 221 and the rotating base 21 and the hinging axis of the second branch arm 223 and the first branch arm 221, so that the swing range of each branch arm gradually decreases, which is beneficial to the flexibility of the cantilever mechanism 22. In other embodiments, the distance between the hinging axis of the third branch arm and the second branch arm and the hinging axis of the second branch arm and the first branch arm can be equal to the distance between the hinging axis of the first branch arm and the rotating base and the hinging axis of the second branch arm and the first branch arm.

[0038] The third branch arm 225 constitutes a branch arm for mounting the rock breaking head 23 in each branch arm, and the length of the third branch arm 225, that is, the size in the cantilever direction of the branch arm, is less than the length of the first branch arm 221 and the second branch arm 223. The shorter third branch arm 225 is used to mount the rock breaking head 23, so that the activity of the rock breaking head 23 is facilitated. In other embodiments, the cantilever lengths of the branch arms can be consistent.

[0039] The third branch arm 225 and the second branch arm 223 are provided with a third branch arm same direction driving mechanism 226 and a third branch arm perpendicular direction driving mechanism 227. The third branch arm same direction driving mechanism 226 is used to drive the third branch arm 225 to longitudinally swing relative to the second branch arm 223, and the axis direction of the longitudinal swing is the same as the swing axis direction of the second branch arm 223 and the first branch arm 221. The third branch arm perpendicular direction driving mechanism 227 is used to drive the third branch arm 225 to transversely swing relative to the second branch arm 223, and the axis direction of the transverse swing is perpendicular to the swing axis direction of the second branch arm 223 and the first branch arm 221. The two sides of the third branch arm 225 in the transverse direction are respectively provided with a driving mechanism for driving the transverse swing, that is, the third branch arm perpendicular direction driving mechanism 227 has two, which are hingedly connected to the two sides of the third branch arm 225 to provide stable support force to the third branch arm 225, and the stress is reliable. In other embodiments, only one third branch arm perpendicular direction driving mechanism can be arranged.

[0040] The first arm driving mechanism 222, the second arm driving mechanism 224, the third arm same direction driving mechanism 226 and the third arm vertical direction driving mechanism 227 all adopt hydraulic oil cylinders, the piston rod and the cylinder body of the hydraulic oil cylinder are hingedly connected on two opposite movable parts, the corresponding side of the part connected with the driving mechanism is provided with a hinging seat for hinging the driving mechanism, and the hinging structure satisfies the freedom of movement of the corresponding part, and a flat hinge, a hooke hinge or a spherical hinge can be used as required.

[0041] The end of the third arm 225 away from the second arm 223 is provided with a mounting plate 228 for mounting the rock breaking head 23, in combination with Figure 8 The rock breaking head 23 in the embodiment is a cutter head, which comprises a cutter head driving mechanism 231, a cutter head mounting seat 232, a cutter head base body 233 and a hob 234. The hob 234 is mounted on the cutter head base body 233, the cutter head driving mechanism 231 is mounted on the cutter head mounting seat 232, the cutter head mounting seat 232 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 228 of the third arm 225, and the cutter head driving mechanism 231 can drive the cutter head base body 233 to rotate. The swing of the third arm 225 can adjust the position of the cutter head. In the embodiment, the rock breaking head 23 adopts a conical hob cutter head, and in other embodiments, a circular hob cutter head or a cutting head can be used instead.

[0042] The tunneling machine comprises a main beam 3, which is fixed on the inner wall of the shield body 1 through a fixing frame. The front end of the main beam 3 in the shield body 1 is provided with a mounting base body 31. The mounting base body 31 is disc-shaped and located on the front side of the fixing frame. The swivel seat 21 is mounted on the mounting base body 31 through a swivel bearing and is driven by a swivel driving mechanism 32. The swivel driving mechanism 32 is mounted on the mounting base body 31. The swivel driving mechanism 32 can drive the swivel seat 21 to rotate by cooperating with a driving motor and a gear ring. The swivel driving mechanism 32 can be replaced by other driving forms to achieve the purpose of rotation, such as a hydraulic motor.

[0043] The main beam 3 is provided with a support shoe system 4, in combination with Figure 9 The support shoe system 4 is located on the rear side of the shield body 1. The support shoe system 4 comprises a support shoe oil cylinder 41 and a support shoe 42. The shoe system is provided between the main beam 3 and the support shoe oil cylinder 6. The support shoe oil cylinder 41 and the support shoe 42 are used to tighten the hole wall to provide sufficient support force and reaction distance. The support shoe oil cylinder 41 is connected with the support shoe 42 through a spherical hinge, and the support shoe oil cylinder 6 is connected with the support shoe 42 through a hooke hinge, so that the support shoe oil cylinder 6 can have a certain degree of freedom, thereby providing sufficient propelling reaction force. The front end of the support shoe oil cylinder 6 is connected with the main beam 3 through a hooke hinge. The support shoe 42 is divided into left and right groups and is symmetrically arranged. In other embodiments, the support device introduced in the background art can be used to cooperate with the propelling hydraulic oil cylinder to directly push the shield body to achieve stepping, and the mounting base body is fixed with the shield body at this time.

[0044] Combination Figure 10 The bottom of the shield 1 is provided with a slag removal system 5, which includes a slag removing device 51 and a slag transporting device 52. The slag removing device 51 is fixed at the front of the shield 1 and is responsible for removing the broken slag to the slag transporting device 52. The slag transporting device 52 is arranged inside the shield 1 and is responsible for transporting the slag to the outside of the tunnel. The slag removing device can adopt various forms such as star wheel type, crab claw type, excavator type, etc. The slag transporting device can adopt various forms such as belt conveyor, scraper conveyor, screw conveyor, etc.

[0045] The cutter head rotates to cut the rock, and the three oil cylinders on the third supporting arm 225 cooperate to keep the cutter head always perpendicular to the tunnel face. The cantilever mechanism 22 forms a mechanical arm to swing the front cutter head at various angles and push it in various directions. The slag removal system 5 transports the cut slag to the outside of the tunnel. The shield 1 protects the internal oil cylinders and components and bears the corresponding parts. The support shoe system 4 cooperates with the propulsion oil cylinder 6 to propel the shield 1 and the excavation device 2, and provides sufficient support force and counter torque for the work of the front mechanical arm and the cutter head, and is responsible for the propulsion and step changing of the whole machine.

[0046] The cutter head driving mechanism 231 of the cutter head includes a motor and a speed reducer. The motor can be a hydraulic motor or an electric motor. The rolling cutters 234 are installed on the cutter head base 233 in a certain arrangement. In operation, the cutter head driving mechanism 231 rotates the cutter head base 233, and at the same time, the rolling cutters 234 contact the rock to cause the self-rotation of the rolling cutters 234. The rolling cutters 234 complete the rock cutting and breaking process under the joint action of the two rotations and the mechanical arm system. The rolling cutters can be changed to other forms such as pick cutters and scrapers.

[0047] The tunnel is excavated by the self-rotation of the cutter head, the full-face coverage of the horse-shoe-shaped tunnel is realized by the mechanical arm system, the slag is transported out by the slag removal system, and the support force for the front working device and the counter torque required for the rotation of the cutter head are provided by the rear support system. The tunneling machine can excavate a special-shaped section with high flexibility and safety.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present application are not intended to limit the present application, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments without creative labor, or equivalently replace some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunneling machine comprising a shield body and an excavation device mounted within the shield body, characterized in that, The excavation device comprises a cantilever mechanism and a rotating seat, the shield body is provided with a mounting base for mounting the rotating seat to rotate along a rotating axis extending in the tunneling direction, the shield body is provided with a rotating drive mechanism for driving the rotating seat to rotate, one end of the cantilever mechanism is hinged to the rotating seat and is provided with a swing arm drive mechanism for driving the cantilever mechanism to swing relative to the rotating seat, and the other end of the cantilever mechanism is provided with a rock breaking head.

2. A heading machine according to claim 1, characterised in that The cantilever mechanism comprises at least two sections of arms connected in series, and adjacent two sections of arms are hinged, and two ends of the cantilever mechanism are respectively located on the arm hinged to the rotating seat and the arm provided with the rock breaking head.

3. A heading machine according to claim 2, characterised in that The arm close to the rotating seat among the adjacent two sections of arms is a proximal arm, and the arm away from the rotating seat is a distal arm, and the distal arm has at least two swing directions perpendicular to each other relative to the proximal arm.

4. A heading machine according to claim 3, characterised in that The distal arm is the arm provided with the rock breaking head.

5. A heading machine according to claim 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that The cantilever mechanism comprises a first arm and a second arm, one end of the first arm is hinged to the rotating seat, the other end is hinged to the middle of the second arm, the swing arm drive mechanism is connected between the first arm and the rotating seat, the second arm drive mechanism for driving the second arm to swing relative to the first arm is arranged between the first arm and the second arm, and one end of the second arm close to the rotating seat is hinged to the second arm drive mechanism.

6. A heading machine according to claim 5, characterised in that The cantilever mechanism further comprises a third arm, the third arm constitutes the distal arm provided with the rock breaking head, and the distance from the hinging axis of the third arm and the second arm to the hinging axis of the second arm and the first arm is smaller than the distance from the hinging axis of the second arm and the first arm to the hinging axis of the first arm and the rotating seat.

7. A heading machine according to claim 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that The length of the arm provided with the rock breaking head among the sections of arms is smaller than the length of the other arms.

8. A heading machine according to claim 7, characterised in that The opposite sides of the arm provided with the rock breaking head are respectively provided with the drive mechanisms for driving the arm to swing in the same direction.

9. A heading machine according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that The tunneling machine comprises a main beam fixed in the shield body, the front end of the main beam in the shield body is provided with the mounting base, and the main beam is provided with a support shoe system.

10. A heading machine according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that The rock breaking head is a cutter head, and the cutter head comprises a rolling cutter.

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