Gasification furnace equipment capable of realizing continuous deslagging

Abstract

The utility model discloses gasification furnace equipment capable of realizing continuous deslagging. The gasification furnace equipment comprises a furnace shell, a fixed bed gasification section and an entrained-flow bed gasification section, wherein the fixed bed gasification section and the entrained-flow bed gasification section are arranged in the furnace shell; wherein the entrained-flow bed gasification section is arranged below the fixed bed gasification section, and the top of the entrained-flow bed gasification section is communicated with the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section through a slag discharging opening in the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section; the entrained-flow bed gasification section is arranged below the fixed bed gasification section, and CO and H2 generated by combustion of the entrained-flow bed are combusted with an oxidant at the lower part of the fixed bed gasification section to release heat, so that a sufficient heat source is provided for slag flowing, the problem that slag is blocked at a slag opening during long-period operation of the fixed bed is effectively solved, and the continuous operation period of the fixed bed is prolonged; and shutdown of the gasifier is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal gasification, specifically to a gasification furnace device that couples a fixed bed and a fluidized bed to achieve continuous ash discharge. Background Technology

[0002] Coal, as my country's primary energy source, has always been a key research focus in the energy sector for its clean and efficient utilization. Fixed-bed gasifiers are an important type of coal gasification unit, which generate syngas by reacting coal or biomass pellets with an oxidant in a fixed bed. However, a key factor limiting the long-term operation of fixed-bed gasifiers is ash blockage at the ash inlet. When the bottom of the gasification section of the fixed bed cannot obtain sufficient heat, ash blockage occurs, leading to a shutdown of the fixed bed.

[0003] Patent CN210419863U discloses a slag-breaking device for a fixed-bed gasifier. It involves installing at least one slag-breaking pipe extending laterally inward to one side of the grate at the lower end of the furnace body. While the gear ring drives the grate to rotate, the furnace body remains stationary. The slag-breaking pipe scrapes away the ash and slag adhering to the grate surface, loosening the ash and slag so that it falls into the ash pan, thus preventing blockage of the grate's pores and the downward discharge channels for carbon and ash. However, this patent requires additional rotating and scraping components, resulting in a complex and easily damaged structure.

[0004] Existing technologies often suffer from ash blockage at the ash inlet during long-term operation of fixed-bed gasifiers, affecting continuous operation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fixed-bed gasifier that enables continuous ash discharge. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a fixed-bed gasifier that enables continuous slag discharge, thereby solving the problem of slag blockage at the slag outlet that easily occurs during long-term operation of existing fixed-bed gasifiers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A gasifier capable of continuous ash discharge, the gasifier comprising a furnace shell and a fixed-bed gasification section and an entrained gasification section disposed within the furnace shell;

[0008] The fluidized bed gasification section is located below the fixed bed gasification section, and the top of the fluidized bed gasification section and the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section are connected through the slag discharge port at the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section.

[0009] The upper part of the fixed bed gasification section is provided with a gasification material feeding pipe and a synthesis gas outlet, and the lower part is provided with a fixed bed oxygen lance for inputting a first oxidant, wherein the gasification material feeding pipe is used to feed the first to-be-gasified raw material into the fixed bed gasification section to form a gasification material bed layer, the fixed bed gasification section is used to perform fixed bed gasification on the first to-be-gasified raw material forming the gasification material bed layer by using the first oxidant, and the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification reaction is fed out from the synthesis gas outlet, and the molten slag remaining after the gasification of the first to-be-gasified raw material is discharged from a slag outlet;

[0010] The gas flow bed gasification section is provided with a gasification burner for spraying the second to-be-gasified raw material and a second oxidant into the gas flow bed gasification section, and the gas flow bed gasification section is used to perform a gasification reaction on the second to-be-gasified raw material by using the second oxidant, and the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification reaction is fed into the fixed bed gasification section from the slag outlet, and the gasification slag is discharged from a bottom slag outlet arranged at the bottom of the gas flow bed gasification section.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the lower half of the fixed bed gasification section is surrounded by a first cooling coil, and a gap is left between the first cooling coil and the furnace shell to absorb the gasification waste heat in the fixed bed gasification section and protect the furnace shell.

[0012] The gas flow bed gasification section is surrounded by a second cooling coil, and a gap is left between the second cooling coil and the furnace shell to absorb the gasification waste heat in the gas flow bed gasification section and protect the furnace shell.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the first cooling coil comprises a connecting section, a first cylindrical section, a first reduced diameter section and a slag outlet connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the connecting section is used to connect the first cylindrical section to the inner wall of the furnace shell to prevent leakage, and the connecting section is in a stepped shape with a diameter shrinking from top to bottom.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the gasification material feeding pipe is used to feed lump coal and biomass particles as the first to-be-gasified raw material into the fixed bed gasification section, and the fixed bed oxygen lances are arranged in multiple numbers and uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction at the lower part of the first cylindrical section.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed bed oxygen lances are arranged in a number of 4-6 and at an angle of 0-20° horizontally downward, and are used to input a mixture of oxygen and steam as the first gasification agent.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the second cooling coil comprises a diameter expanding section, a second cylindrical section, a second reduced diameter section and a bottom slag outlet connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the top of the diameter expanding section is connected to the slag outlet.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the gasification burner is provided with multiple, and is uniformly distributed along the circumference in the lower part of the second cylindrical section.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the gasification burner is provided with four, horizontally arranged and towards the central axis of the gas flow bed gasification section, for injecting coal powder or coal water slurry as the second material to be gasified, and oxygen as the second oxidant.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom slag outlet of the gas flow bed gasification section is provided through the bottom of the furnace shell to discharge the gasification slag.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the furnace shell is a double-layer water-cooled furnace shell, and is provided with a water inlet at the bottom and a steam discharge port at the top.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the fixed bed and gas flow bed coupled gasification furnace has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1) By arranging the gas flow bed gasification section below the fixed bed gasification section, the CO and H2 generated by the gas flow bed combustion are used to combust with the oxidant at the lower part of the fixed bed gasification section to provide sufficient heat source for the slag flow, effectively solving the problem of slag blocking at the slag outlet during long-period operation of the fixed bed, improving the continuous operation period of the fixed bed, and avoiding the shutdown of the gasification furnace;

[0023] 2) The gas flow bed gasification section and the fixed bed gasification section are integrated in the same furnace body, which is compact in structure and avoids increasing the complexity and cost of the equipment;

[0024] 3) The double-layer water-cooled furnace shell structure is adopted, and cooling coils are arranged in the fixed bed gasification section and the gas flow bed gasification section respectively, which effectively absorbs the gasification waste heat, protects the furnace shell from high temperature damage, and prolongs the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of an embodiment of the gasification furnace device of the utility model;

[0026] Explanation of reference signs:

[0027] 1, gasification material feeding pipe; 2, steam discharge port; 3, synthesis gas outlet; 4, furnace shell; 5, first cooling coil; 6, fixed bed oxygen lance; 7, second cooling coil; 8, gasification burner; 9, water inlet; 10, bottom slag outlet; 11, lower slag outlet;

[0028] 41, fixed bed gasification section; 42, gas flow bed gasification section; 51, connecting section; 52, first cylindrical section; 53, first reduced diameter section; 71, diameter expansion section; 72, second cylindrical section; 73, second reduced diameter section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The utility model will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0030] In order to make the person in the technical field better understand the utility model scheme, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model, and obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the utility model and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment including a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to the clearly listed steps or units, but can include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0032] As Figure 1 The gasification furnace equipment of the utility model includes furnace shell 4 and fixed bed gasification section 41 and gas flow bed gasification section 42 arranged in the furnace shell.

[0033] The gas flow bed gasification section 42 is arranged below the fixed bed gasification section, and the top of the gas flow bed gasification section 42 and the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section 41 are communicated through the slag outlet 11 of the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section, so that the molten slag of the fixed bed gasification section can fall into the gas flow bed gasification section, and the synthesis gas of the gas flow bed gasification section below can enter the fixed bed gasification section. It can be understood in the art that the molten slag discharged from the slag outlet also helps to maintain the gasification temperature of the gas flow bed gasification section, which is beneficial to guarantee the gasification effect of the gas flow bed gasification section.

[0034] The upper portion of the fixed bed gasification section is provided with a gasification material feeding pipe 1 and a syngas outlet 3, and the lower portion is provided with a fixed bed oxygen lance 6 for inputting a first oxidant, wherein the gasification material feeding pipe 1 is used to feed a first to-be-gasified raw material into the fixed bed gasification section to form a gasification material bed layer, the fixed bed gasification section is used to perform fixed bed gasification on the first to-be-gasified raw material forming the gasification material bed layer by using the first oxidant, and the syngas obtained by the gasification reaction is discharged from the syngas outlet 3, and the molten slag remaining after the first to-be-gasified raw material is gasified is discharged from a slag outlet 11.

[0035] The gas flow bed gasification section 42 is provided with a gasification burner 8 for spraying a second to-be-gasified raw material and a second oxidant into the gas flow bed gasification section, the gas flow bed gasification section is used to perform a gasification reaction on the second to-be-gasified raw material by using the second oxidant, and the syngas obtained by the gasification reaction is fed into the fixed bed gasification section from the slag outlet 11, and the gasification slag is discharged from a bottom slag outlet 10 arranged at the bottom of the gas flow bed gasification section. In an embodiment, the bottom slag outlet of the gas flow bed gasification section is arranged through the bottom of the furnace shell 4 to discharge the gasification slag.

[0036] In the utility model, the furnace shell 4 can be a double-layer water-cooled furnace shell, and the bottom thereof is provided with a water inlet 9 and the top thereof is provided with a steam discharge port 2 to absorb the gasification waste heat, thereby forming a certain protection.

[0037] In some embodiments, the lower half of the fixed bed gasification section is surrounded by a first cooling coil 5, and a gap is left between the first cooling coil 5 and the furnace shell 4 to absorb the gasification waste heat in the fixed bed gasification section and protect the furnace shell; the upper half of the fixed bed gasification section does not belong to the gasification core area, and can rely on the double-layer water-cooled jacketed furnace shell for thermal protection.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the first cooling coil 5 comprises a connecting section 51, a first cylindrical section 52, a first reduced diameter section 53 (i.e. the diameter is reduced from top to bottom) and the slag outlet 11 connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the connecting section 51 is used to connect the first cylindrical section to the inner wall of the furnace shell to prevent leakage, and the connecting section is in a stepped shape with the diameter being contracted from top to bottom to prevent the rising high-temperature flue gas from flowing along the inner wall of the furnace shell, thereby causing the ablation of the furnace shell.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the gasification material feeding pipe 1 is used to feed lump coal and biomass particles as the first to-be-gasified raw material into the fixed bed gasification section; the fixed bed oxygen lance 6 is provided in plurality and is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction at the lower portion of the first cylindrical section. Preferably, the number of the fixed bed oxygen lances arranged is 4-6, and the arrangement angle is 0-20°, such as 10° or 15° downward horizontally (it is understood in the art that 0° downward horizontally is the horizontal direction), which is used to input a mixture of oxygen and steam as the first gasification agent.

[0040] In some embodiments, the entrained flow gasification section is surrounded by a second cooling coil 7, and a gap is left between the second cooling coil 7 and the furnace shell to absorb the gasification residual heat in the entrained flow gasification section and protect the furnace shell.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the second cooling coil 7 comprises, from top to bottom, a first diameter expansion section 71 (and the diameter is expanded from top to bottom), a second cylindrical section 72, a second diameter reduction section 73, and a bottom slag discharge port 10. The top of the first diameter expansion section 71 is connected to the lower slag port 11, so that the molten slag of the fixed bed gasification section can fall downward into the entrained flow gasification section, and the synthesis gas of the lower entrained flow gasification section can enter the fixed bed gasification section upward.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the gasification burner 8 is provided in multiple numbers and is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction at the lower part of the second cylindrical section. Preferably, the gasification burner is provided in four numbers, arranged horizontally and directed toward the central axis of the entrained flow gasification section, for injecting coal powder or coal water slurry as the second raw material to be gasified, and oxygen as the second oxidant.

[0043] In operation, the raw material of the fixed bed gasification section 41 is lump coal or biomass particles, etc., which is fed from the gasification material feeding pipe 1 and forms a bed layer in the fixed bed gasification section. As the reaction proceeds, the bed layer of the fixed bed gasification section slowly moves downward. The fixed bed gasification section is provided with oxygen lances 6 at the bottom, and the number of fixed bed oxygen lances is preferably four or six, which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and can be arranged horizontally or at an angle of 20° downward from the horizontal direction, to provide oxidant for the fixed bed reaction. The medium fed into the fixed bed oxygen lances is a mixture of "pure oxygen + steam", and the oxidant ascends and reacts with the synthesis gas generated from the bed layer, which is discharged from the top synthesis gas outlet 3.

[0044] The upper half of the fixed bed gasification section 41 is heat protected by the double-layer water-cooled jacket furnace shell 4, and the lower half of the fixed bed gasification section is heat protected by the first cooling coil 5. The connection section at the top of the first cooling coil 5 is in a stepped shape to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from flowing along the wall and causing erosion of the double-layer water-cooled jacket furnace shell 4. The double-layer water-cooled jacket furnace shell 4 is cooled by cooling water, and is provided with a water inlet 9 at the bottom and a steam discharge port 2 at the top. When the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section cannot obtain sufficient heat source, the fixed bed bottom will appear to be blocked by slag, which will cause the fixed bed to stop. Therefore, the gasification equipment is provided with an entrained flow gasification section 42 at the lower part of the fixed bed gasification section, which utilizes the CO and H2 generated by the entrained flow gasification section to combust with the oxidant fed into the fixed bed oxygen lances at the lower part of the fixed bed gasification section to generate heat, providing a heat source for the molten slag to flow and ensuring smooth slag discharge.

[0045] The gas flow bed gasification section is surrounded by a gas flow bed cooling coil 7, and the number of gasification burners 8 is preferably four, which are preferably distributed in the horizontal direction. The gasification burners can be pulverized coal burners or coal water slurry burners. For example, fine coal obtained in a coal mining process is used as raw material, is ground to meet the conveying requirements, and is then fed into the gasification burners. The oxidant is pure oxygen, and the synthesis gas mainly composed of CO and H2 is generated through incomplete combustion. The high-temperature synthesis gas enters the lower part of the fixed bed gasification section through the slag outlet, flows upward, and burns with the oxidant introduced by the fixed bed oxygen lance to release heat, thereby providing a heat source for the molten slag flow. The molten slag flows downward by gravity, passes through the gas flow bed space, and is discharged from the gas flow bed bottom slag outlet 10.

Claims

1. A gasification furnace device capable of continuous ash discharge, characterized in that, The gasifier equipment includes a furnace shell and a fixed-bed gasification section and a fluidized-bed gasification section disposed within the furnace shell; The fluidized bed gasification section is located below the fixed bed gasification section, and the top of the fluidized bed gasification section and the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section are connected through the slag discharge port at the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section. The fixed-bed gasification section is provided with a gasification feed pipe and a syngas outlet at the upper part and a fixed-bed oxygen lance for inputting a first oxidant at the lower part. The gasification feed pipe is used to feed the first raw material to be gasified into the fixed-bed gasification section to form a gasification bed. The fixed-bed gasification section is used to perform fixed-bed gasification of the first raw material to be gasified to form the gasification bed using the first oxidant, and to send the syngas obtained from the gasification reaction out from the syngas outlet and to discharge the slag remaining after the first raw material to be gasified is gasified out from the slag outlet. The fluidized bed gasification section is equipped with a gasification burner for injecting a second raw material to be gasified and a second oxidant into the fluidized bed gasification section. The fluidized bed gasification section is used to perform a gasification reaction on the second raw material to be gasified using the second oxidant, and the syngas obtained from the gasification reaction is sent into the fixed bed gasification section from the slag outlet, and the gasification slag is discharged from the bottom slag outlet set at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification section.

2. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower half of the fixed-bed gasification section is surrounded by a first cooling coil and has a gap between it and the furnace shell to absorb the waste heat of gasification in the fixed-bed gasification section and protect the furnace shell. The gasification section of the fluidized bed is surrounded by a second cooling coil and has a gap between it and the furnace shell to absorb the waste heat from gasification in the fluidized bed gasification section and protect the furnace shell.

3. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first cooling coil includes a connecting section, a first cylindrical section, a first diameter-reducing section, and a slag outlet connected sequentially from top to bottom. The connecting section is used to connect the first cylindrical section to the inner wall of the furnace shell to prevent leakage, and the connecting section has a stepped shape with a diameter reduction from top to bottom.

4. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gasification feed pipe is used to feed lump coal and biomass pellets, which are the first raw materials to be gasified, into the fixed bed gasification section; multiple fixed bed oxygen lances are provided and are evenly distributed circumferentially in the lower part of the first cylindrical section.

5. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed-bed oxygen lances are arranged in a number of 4 to 6, with an angle of 0 to 20° downwards from the horizontal, and are used to input a mixture of oxygen and water vapor as the first gasifying agent.

6. The gasification furnace equipment according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The second cooling coil includes an expanding section, a second cylindrical section, a second narrowing section, and a bottom slag discharge port connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the top of the expanding section is connected to the slag discharge port.

7. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple gasification burners are provided and are evenly distributed circumferentially in the lower part of the second cylindrical section.

8. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gasification burner has four horizontally arranged burners facing the central axis of the gasification section of the fluidized bed, which are used to inject pulverized coal or coal-water slurry as the second raw material to be gasified, and oxygen as the second oxidant.

9. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom slag discharge port of the gasification section of the fluidized bed is provided through the bottom of the furnace shell to discharge the gasified slag.

10. The gasification furnace equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The furnace shell is a double-layered water-cooled furnace shell, with a water inlet at the bottom and a steam outlet at the top.

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