Variable turbine motor used under well
By designing a downhole variable turbine motor, the energy of the drilling mud is converted into electrical and mechanical energy, solving the wear problem of screw motors in high-temperature and corrosive environments. This enables flexible adjustment of torque and speed, improving the efficiency and adaptability of deep well drilling.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520567697.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing conventional screw motors are prone to wear in high-temperature and corrosive drilling fluid environments, making them unable to meet the drilling requirements of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and geothermal wells. Furthermore, their torque and speed cannot be flexibly adjusted, resulting in low drilling efficiency and high costs.
Design a downhole variable displacement turbine motor, which employs a pressure control module, a turbine generator mechanism, a variable turbine, and a drive control module. It converts mud energy into electrical and mechanical energy, and utilizes nickel-based high-temperature alloy blades and a permanent magnet generator structure to achieve flexible adjustment of torque and speed. It is combined with wireless sensing and a ground control module for real-time monitoring.
It enables high-efficiency drilling that is corrosion-resistant and low-cost in high-temperature environments, and can flexibly adjust the speed and torque according to drilling conditions to improve drilling efficiency and adaptability.
Smart Images
Figure CN223707528U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of turbine motor technology, and in particular to a variable displacement turbine motor for downhole applications. Background Technology
[0002] All-metal turbine motors are currently the most widely used downhole power drilling tool, primarily used for directional and horizontal well setup and azimuth adjustment, and also in vertical well reverse threading and sidetracking operations. Their power source is a turbine motor, consisting of a stator turbine and a rotor turbine. The working principle is to convert the high-pressure hydraulic energy of the drilling fluid into the mechanical energy of the drill bit's rotation. Conventional turbine motors have metal housings for both the stator and rotor turbines. Compared to ordinary screw motors, they offer advantages such as high temperature resistance, erosion resistance, corrosion resistance, high speed, and low maintenance costs. Currently, major oilfield service companies use screw motors because their speed and torque can be flexibly designed according to drilling processes.
[0003] However, with the exploration and development of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and geothermal wells, as well as the increasingly stringent requirements for screw drilling tools in coiled tubing operations, downhole working environments often exceed 200°C. Conventional screw motors can no longer meet these demands. This is because high temperatures and corrosive drilling fluids can easily cause wear or delamination of the screw rubber, leading to loss of power, drilling failures, and property damage. Furthermore, positive displacement screw motors are difficult to design, have high manufacturing costs and long production cycles, high maintenance costs, and stringent requirements on rubber materials, processing equipment, and precision. In addition, conventional turbine-type metal drill bits provide fixed torque and speed, which cannot meet the demands of drilling conditions and thus cannot be widely adopted. Utility Model Content
[0004] This invention provides a variable displacement turbine motor for downhole applications to solve the aforementioned technical problems.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0006] A variable displacement turbine motor for downhole applications includes a drill pipe body. The drill pipe body includes a mud inlet and a mud outlet connected at both ends. The drill pipe body also includes a pressure control module, a turbine generator mechanism, and a variable displacement turbine. The pressure control module is connected to the mud inlet. The turbine generator mechanism and the variable displacement turbine are both disposed within the inner cavity of the drill pipe body. The drill pipe body also contains a drive control module and a pulse generator. The drive control module is connected to the variable displacement turbine, and the pulse generator is connected to the drive control module.
[0007] Furthermore, the pressure control module is externally connected to the mud inlet. By controlling the change in discharge rate, a specific pressure waveform is generated, and control signals and feedback information are transmitted.
[0008] Furthermore, the pressure control module is equipped with valves for controlling the mud discharge rate. During downhole equipment operation, mud not only serves to clean slag and cool the drill bit, but also acts as a crucial medium for energy transfer and control signal transmission. By designing specialized valves within the pressure control module, the flow rate and discharge volume of the mud can be precisely controlled.
[0009] Furthermore, the pulse generator, turbine power generation mechanism, drive control module, and variable turbine are arranged sequentially from the mud inlet towards the mud outlet. First, the mud enters the pulse generator, then flows sequentially through the turbine power generation mechanism and drive control module, finally reaching the variable turbine, realizing the conversion from hydraulic energy to electrical energy, and then to mechanical energy. The modules are arranged in sequence to ensure that the hydraulic signals and conversion information starting from the inlet can sequentially pass through the load, conversion, and regulation, ultimately providing feedback signals for real-time monitoring by the ground control module.
[0010] Furthermore, the turbine power generation mechanism is equipped with a conversion component for converting liquid energy into electrical energy. The use of a three-stage impulse turbine directly connected to a permanent magnet generator significantly improves adaptability to various operating conditions.
[0011] Furthermore, a power supply module is installed within the drill pipe body, which is connected to the pressure control module, pulse generator, drive control module, and variable turbine. In the downhole environment, utilizing the energy conversion of drilling mud significantly enhances the system's self-sufficiency. The conversion component converts flowing energy into electrical energy, not only meeting the power needs of the internal modules but also providing a stable power supply to the intelligent control unit, ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition and command transmission.
[0012] Furthermore, the turbine power generation mechanism is connected to the power supply module to supply power to each component. It adopts a three-stage series turbine structure, with each turbine consisting of nickel-based high-temperature alloy blades. The blade surfaces are treated with a tungsten carbide coating to enhance resistance to mud erosion. The turbine shaft and generator rotor are directly connected via magnetic levitation bearings, achieving zero mechanical contact, reducing frictional losses, and adapting to high speeds. The stator uses distributed windings, and the rotor embeds neodymium iron boron permanent magnets to form an axial magnetic field, resulting in a compact structure and high power density. The turbine chamber and generator chamber are isolated by a dynamic pressure seal, and the generator module has a built-in annular cooling channel for heat dissipation through mud circulation. Through the conversion of liquid energy to mechanical energy, high-pressure mud impacts tangentially along the turbine blades, driving the turbine assembly to rotate at high speed. Kinetic energy is transferred to the generator rotor via the magnetic levitation bearings. For the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, the rotor permanent magnets and stator windings move relative to each other, cutting magnetic field lines to generate three-phase alternating current, which is converted into direct current by the built-in rectifier module. The three-stage turbine progressively reduces the pressure, with the first stage extracting a large flow of kinetic energy and the subsequent stages optimizing the utilization of residual pressure.
[0013] Furthermore, the pressure control module, drive control module, and pulse generator are equipped with wireless sensing modules that connect to external control modules. Wireless communication enables real-time acquisition of operating parameters and transmission of the data to the ground control system, ensuring that operators can immediately understand the equipment status. These sensing modules not only transmit data but also receive commands from the ground control module, enabling multi-layered control.
[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a ground control module, which is wirelessly connected to the pressure control module, drive control module, and pulse generator. The ground control module connects wirelessly to the pressure control, drive control, and pulse generator to centrally collect and display the working status of each downhole module in real time.
[0015] Furthermore, the variable turbine includes an impeller and a motor that controls the impeller, and the impeller's tilt angle is adjustable. When high-pressure drilling fluid enters the variable turbine, the fluid flow impacts the impeller blades, which utilize their tilt angle to convert the fluid's kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The relative angle between the blades and the fluid flow determines the effective decomposition component of the fluid impact force, thus affecting the generated torque and rotational speed. By adjusting the blade tilt angle, the area of action and force distribution during fluid impact can be changed, thereby making energy conversion more efficient and achieving the desired output characteristics. The control motor receives real-time commands from the upper-level control module and automatically adjusts the blade tilt angle according to drilling conditions. Increasing the blade tilt angle increases the blade cross-sectional area, resulting in higher torque under the action of the fluid flow; decreasing the blade tilt angle increases the rotational speed but decreases the output torque.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1. This utility model is resistant to high temperature and corrosion, and can meet the needs of various drilling conditions;
[0018] 2. The processing and manufacturing cost of this utility model is lower, making it easier to promote and use on a large scale;
[0019] 3. This utility model can flexibly adjust the speed and torque of the motor according to the on-site drilling process requirements, making it more adaptable, more versatile, more efficient, and more effective in drilling. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of this utility model;
[0021] Attached diagram labels: 1-Drill pipe body, 2-Mud inlet, 3-Mud outlet, 4-Pressure control module, 5-Turbine generator, 6-Variable turbine, 7-Drive control module, 8-Pulse generator. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.
[0023] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a variable displacement turbine motor for downhole applications, comprising a drill pipe body 1. The drill pipe body 1 includes a mud inlet 2 and a mud outlet 3 connected at both ends. The drill pipe body 1 also includes a pressure control module 4, a turbine generator mechanism 5, and a variable displacement turbine 6. The pressure control module 4 is connected to the mud inlet 2. The turbine generator mechanism 5 and the variable displacement turbine 6 are both disposed within the inner cavity of the drill pipe body 1. The drill pipe body 1 also contains a drive control module 7 and a pulse generator 8. The drive control module 7 is connected to the variable displacement turbine 6, and the pulse generator 8 is connected to the drive control module 7.
[0024] The pressure control module 4 is externally connected to the mud inlet 2. Specifically, it controls the change in discharge volume to form a specific pressure waveform and transmits control signals and feedback information.
[0025] The pressure control module 4 is equipped with valves for controlling the mud discharge rate. Specifically, during downhole equipment operation, mud not only serves to clean slag and cool the drill bit, but also acts as a crucial medium for energy transfer and control signal transmission. By designing specialized valves within the pressure control module 4, the flow rate and discharge volume of the mud can be precisely controlled.
[0026] The pulse generator 8, turbine power generation mechanism 5, drive control module 7, and variable turbine 6 are arranged sequentially from the mud inlet 2 towards the mud outlet 3. Specifically, the mud first enters the pulse generator 8, then flows sequentially through the turbine power generation mechanism 5 and drive control module 7, and finally reaches the variable turbine 6, realizing the conversion from hydraulic energy to electrical energy, and then to mechanical energy. The modules are arranged in sequence to ensure that the hydraulic signals and conversion information starting from the inlet can pass through the load, conversion, and adjustment in sequence, and finally the feedback signal is provided to the ground control module for real-time monitoring.
[0027] The turbine power generation mechanism 5 is equipped with a conversion component for converting liquid energy into electrical energy. Specifically, it adopts a three-stage impulse turbine set directly connected to a permanent magnet generator, which significantly improves adaptability to different operating conditions.
[0028] A power supply module is installed inside the drill pipe body 1, which is connected to the pressure control module 4, pulse generator 8, drive control module 7, and variable turbine 6. Specifically, in the downhole environment, utilizing the energy conversion of mud significantly improves the system's self-sufficiency. The conversion component converts flowing energy into electrical energy, which not only meets the power needs of the internal modules but also provides a stable power supply to the intelligent control unit, ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition and command transmission.
[0029] The turbine power generation mechanism 5 is connected to the power supply module to supply power to various components. Specifically, it adopts a three-stage series turbine structure, with each turbine consisting of nickel-based high-temperature alloy blades. The blade surfaces are treated with tungsten carbide coating to enhance resistance to mud erosion. The turbine shaft and generator rotor are directly connected via magnetic levitation bearings, achieving zero mechanical contact, reducing frictional losses, and adapting to high speeds. The stator uses distributed windings, and the rotor embeds neodymium iron boron permanent magnets to form an axial magnetic field, resulting in a compact structure and high power density. The turbine chamber and generator chamber are isolated by dynamic pressure sealing, and the generator module has a built-in annular cooling channel for heat dissipation through mud circulation. Through the conversion of liquid energy to mechanical energy, high-pressure mud impacts tangentially along the turbine blades, driving the turbine assembly to rotate at high speed. Kinetic energy is transferred to the generator rotor via magnetic levitation bearings. For the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, the rotor permanent magnets and stator windings move relative to each other, cutting magnetic field lines to generate three-phase alternating current, which is converted into direct current by the built-in rectifier module. The three-stage turbine progressively reduces the pressure, with the first stage extracting a large flow of kinetic energy and the subsequent stage optimizing the utilization of residual pressure.
[0030] The pressure control module 4, drive control module 7, and pulse generator 8 are equipped with wireless sensing modules that connect to external control modules. Specifically, these wireless modules can collect operating parameters (such as sensor readings, flow rate, wireless signal, and air pressure) in real time and transmit the data to the ground control system, ensuring that operators can immediately understand the equipment status. These sensing modules not only transmit data but also receive commands from the ground control module, enabling multi-layered control.
[0031] It also includes a ground control module, which is wirelessly connected to the pressure control module 4, the drive control module 7, and the pulse generator 8. Specifically, the ground control module connects wirelessly to the pressure control, drive control, and pulse generator 8 to centrally collect and display the working status of each downhole module in real time.
[0032] The variable turbine 6 includes an impeller and a motor that controls the impeller. The impeller's tilt angle is adjustable. Specifically, when high-pressure drilling fluid enters the variable turbine 6, the fluid flow impacts the impeller blades. The blades utilize their tilt angle to convert the fluid's kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The relative angle between the blades and the fluid flow determines the effective decomposition component of the fluid impact force, thus affecting the generated torque and rotational speed. By adjusting the blade tilt angle, the area of action and force distribution during fluid impact can be changed, thereby making energy conversion more efficient and achieving the desired output characteristics. The control motor receives real-time commands from the upper-level control module and automatically adjusts the blade tilt angle according to drilling conditions. Increasing the blade tilt angle increases the blade cross-sectional area, resulting in higher torque under the action of the fluid flow, but may reduce the rotational speed. Decreasing the blade tilt angle increases the rotational speed, but reduces the output torque.
[0033] Example 2: Based on Example 1, this example proposes a specific working principle for a variable displacement turbine motor used downhole.
[0034] The specific implementation principle and process are as follows:
[0035] High-pressure mud enters through the mud inlet 2 of the drill pipe body 1, and the pressure control module 4 controls the flow rate of the mud into the drill pipe body 1. The ground control module sends commands to control the mud flow into an orderly flow rate variation, which then flows to the turbine generator 5. The turbine generator 5 converts hydraulic energy into electrical energy to power the entire system. Simultaneously, the ground control module receives and recognizes commands and sends them to the drive control module 7. The mud then enters the variable turbine 6 to generate power and finally flows out from the mud outlet 3.
[0036] According to the instructions received from the ground control module, the drive control module 7 adjusts the impeller angle of the variable turbine 6 to the target position, so that the motor generates a certain torque and speed. The real-time operating parameters of the motor collected by the drive control module 7 are transmitted to the decoder of the ground control module in the form of pressure change signals through the pulse generator 8 for identification and display.
[0037] The high-pressure flow of drilling fluid impacts the impeller, converting it into mechanical kinetic energy (water energy - mechanical energy). The motor outputs speed and torque to drive the drill bit. The high-pressure flow of drilling fluid also impacts the turbine impeller, generating electricity (water energy - mechanical energy - electrical energy). This electrical energy drives the variable turbine impeller's installation angle, changing its output torque and speed. Control signals are transmitted and feedback signals are received by altering the drilling fluid pressure and flow rate.
[0038] Of course, there may be other embodiments of this utility model. Without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on this utility model, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. A variable speed turbine motor for use downhole comprising a drill pipe body including a mud inlet and a mud outlet in communication at opposite ends, characterised in that: The drill pipe body further comprises a pressure control module, a turbine power generation mechanism and a variable turbine, the pressure control module is connected with the mud inlet, the turbine power generation mechanism and the variable turbine are arranged in the inner cavity of the drill pipe body, the drill pipe body further comprises a drive control module and a pulse generator, the drive control module is connected with the variable turbine, and the pulse generator is connected with the drive control module.
2. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure control module is connected with the mud inlet.
3. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 1, wherein: The pressure control module is internally provided with a valve for controlling the mud displacement.
4. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 1, wherein: The pulse generator, the turbine power generation mechanism, the drive control module and the variable turbine are sequentially arranged along the direction from the mud inlet to the mud outlet.
5. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 4, wherein: The turbine power generation mechanism is internally provided with a conversion component for converting liquid energy into electric energy.
6. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use as defined in claim 1, wherein: The drill pipe body is internally provided with a power supply module, and the power supply module is connected with the pressure control module, the pulse generator, the drive control module and the variable turbine.
7. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The turbine power generation mechanism is connected with the power supply module for supplying power to each component.
8. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 1, characterized by: The pressure control module, the drive control module and the pulse generator are provided with a wireless sensing module connected with an external control module.
9. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 8, wherein: Further comprising a ground control module, and the ground control module is wirelessly connected with the pressure control module, the drive control module and the pulse generator.
10. A variable speed turbine motor for downhole use according to claim 1, wherein: The variable turbine comprises an impeller and a motor for controlling the impeller, and the inclination angle of the impeller is adjustable.