Opposed piston actuating mechanism and opposed piston two-stroke engine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, and discloses an opposed piston actuating mechanism and an opposed piston two-stroke engine, which comprise a reciprocating action mechanism, an action connecting rod mechanism and a cylinder assembly, the reciprocating action mechanism is respectively matched with the action connecting rod mechanism and the cylinder assembly and horizontally reciprocates; the air cylinder assembly comprises a main air cylinder provided with a main piston and an auxiliary air cylinder provided with an auxiliary piston. The reciprocating action mechanism drives the main piston to do horizontal reciprocating action; at least two groups of action connecting rod mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the outer side of the cylinder assembly; the front end of the action connecting rod mechanism is driven by the reciprocating action machine; the rear end of the action connecting rod mechanism drives the auxiliary piston to horizontally reciprocate. When the main piston and the auxiliary piston act synchronously, friction between the main piston and the auxiliary piston and the wall of the air cylinder is reduced, the air compression piston and the auxiliary piston act synchronously to achieve automatic air suction and air compression of the air compression air cylinder and be used for air cylinder assembly scavenging, an external compressor for air scavenging is omitted, structure simplification is facilitated, and cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engine, concretely relates to a kind of opposed piston actuator and opposed piston two-stroke engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Two-stroke engine has the advantages of high power-to-weight ratio, simple and reliable structure and low cost compared with four-stroke engine. The earliest two-stroke engine of the utility model adopts one piston arranged in one cylinder. The piston is driven to reciprocate up and down by the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism arranged on one side of the cylinder. An intake port and an exhaust port are opened near the bottom dead center in the cylinder. The intake port and the exhaust port are opened or closed by the up-and-down movement of the piston to complete scavenging and realize two-stroke cycle. This engine has the shortcomings of burning engine oil, fuel waste due to mixed gas being discharged with scavenging air, and incomplete scavenging, etc. due to the lubrication and bent-flow scavenging method. In order to overcome these shortcomings, Hugo Junkers invented a two-stroke opposed piston engine in the late 19th century. Compared with traditional two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines, the main advantage of this engine is that the cylinder head is cancelled. Its structural features are as follows: two pistons share one cylinder and are arranged symmetrically on the top surface. The two pistons are connected with the crank connecting rod mechanisms arranged at both ends of the cylinder to realize the opening and closing movement of the pistons. Intake ports and exhaust ports are respectively opened on the radial cylinder wall near the left and right ends of the cylinder. The intake ports and the exhaust ports are opened or closed by the opening and closing of the pistons in the cylinder to realize scavenging and gas exchange functions and complete two-stroke cycle.

[0003] However, the Junkers two-stroke opposed piston engine has the main shortcomings of excessive length of engine axial dimension, the need for synchronization and power output of the two crankshafts, and the need for additional multiple gears for coupling and confluence, resulting in overly complex engine system structure.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the Junkers engine, many companies and individuals have improved and perfected the structure. Among them, the Achates company in the United States (Achates Power Limited) has improved the opposed-piston two-stroke internal combustion engine with the patent number ZL200580023840.9 on the basis of the above-mentioned engine. The cylinder and piston parts and the working principle of the internal combustion engine are the same as those of the Junkers engine. Only the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism is moved from both ends of the cylinder block to both sides of the cylinder block, and is hinged with two pistons through four connecting rods to realize the opening and closing movement of the pistons. This setting shortens the distance between the two crankshafts in the middle, and shortens the distance of the confluence mechanism between the two crankshafts. The size of the engine in the axial direction is greatly reduced. At the same time, the symmetrical structure is arranged to arrange the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism to drive the piston, which reduces the side pressure of the piston on the cylinder block and the friction between the piston and the cylinder wall. However, the Achates engine has the disadvantages of large space occupied by the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism arranged on both sides of the cylinder, large longitudinal size of the engine, and large number of moving parts. In addition, the cylinder is wrapped in the middle by two sets of crankshaft connecting rod mechanisms, which is extremely unfavorable for heat dissipation of the cylinder.

[0005] In recent years, the ecmotor company in the United States has launched its latest patent number 201210409885.1 opposed-piston opposed-cylinder two-stroke engine. The cylinder and piston parts and the working principle of the engine are the same as those of the above-mentioned two practical new types. Only the crankshaft connecting rod part is different. The engine adopts a crankshaft arranged between two cylinders, and a plurality of crankshafts are arranged on the crankshaft to connect two pairs of pistons in the left and right cylinders through connecting rods to move oppositely. Not only is the structure simpler, but also one crankshaft drives two pairs of opposed pistons in two opposed cylinders to work, and the structure is more compact and simple, and the efficiency and power-to-weight ratio of the engine are higher.

[0006] Although the practical new type of the ecmotor company solves some shortcomings and deficiencies of the previous two engines, there are still some problems. When the connecting rod drives the piston to move, the connecting rod will swing to generate a lateral component force on the piston to the cylinder wall, which will cause wear and tear of the piston and the cylinder wall and power consumption. In addition, the engine also needs to increase an external air compressor to generate compressed air for scavenging, which increases the complexity of the system, increases the weight of the whole machine and the cost. It can be seen that there is still room for further improvement in the current two-stroke opposed-piston engine. Practical new type content

[0007] At least to overcome one of the above-mentioned defects, the utility model provides a kind of opposed piston actuator and opposed piston two-stroke engine, the linear reciprocating motion of piston in the cylinder assembly of engine is realized by improving the action structure of engine, to reduce the friction between piston and cylinder assembly, self-suction intake can be realized by cooperating with pressure piston, and the compressor for scavenging set is saved, which is beneficial to structure simplification and cost reduction.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the opposed piston actuator disclosed by the utility model can adopt the following technical scheme:

[0009] An opposed piston actuator, comprising a reciprocating mechanism, a connecting rod mechanism and a cylinder assembly;

[0010] The reciprocating mechanism cooperates with the action connecting rod mechanism and the cylinder assembly and reciprocates in the horizontal direction;

[0011] The cylinder assembly comprises a main cylinder and a secondary cylinder, a main piston is arranged in the main cylinder, and a secondary piston is arranged in the secondary cylinder; the reciprocating mechanism connects the main piston and drives the main piston to reciprocate in the horizontal direction; at least two groups of action connecting rod mechanisms are arranged on the outer circumference of the cylinder assembly; the action connecting rod mechanisms are symmetrically arranged with the linear motion direction of the reciprocating mechanism as the axis of symmetry; the front end of the action connecting rod mechanism cooperates with the reciprocating mechanism and is synchronously driven; and the rear end of the action connecting rod mechanism drives the secondary piston to reciprocate in the horizontal direction.

[0012] Further, the action connecting rod mechanism comprises a support rod, a rocker and a push-pull rod; the front end of the support rod is hinged to a fixed part, the rear end of the support rod is hinged to the rocker, the front end of the rocker is hinged to the reciprocating mechanism, the rear end of the rocker is hinged to the front end of the push-pull rod, and the rear end of the push-pull rod drives the secondary piston.

[0013] The action connecting rod mechanism disclosed above, the support rod serves as a support force transmission; when the front end of the rocker moves synchronously with the reciprocating mechanism, the rear end of the rocker moves synchronously in the opposite direction, and the support rod serves as the force point of the rocker; at the same time, the rear end of the rocker drives the push-pull rod to move synchronously.

[0014] In some schemes, the connecting rod structure can be used to drive the corresponding action components to move synchronously, such as moving towards each other or moving away from each other. When applied to a double-piston engine, the two oppositely arranged pistons can be driven to move towards each other or move away from each other synchronously.

[0015] When the opposed-piston actuator is applied to an engine, the relative movement of the main piston and the auxiliary piston can realize the compression process of the engine, and the movement away of the main piston and the auxiliary piston can realize the working process of the engine, and the scavenging is completed when the main piston and the auxiliary piston move away to the top dead center position.

[0016] Further, the opposed-piston actuator can not only drive the single-cylinder structure to move, but also drive the multi-cylinder structure to move by reasonably arranging the action connecting rod mechanism, and the structure is not uniquely limited. Here, one of the feasible options is optimized and proposed: the cylinder assemblies and the action connecting rod mechanisms arranged on the cylinder assemblies are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the reciprocating action mechanism, the reciprocating action mechanism drives the main pistons of the corresponding cylinder assemblies at both ends to move synchronously, and the action connecting rod mechanisms at both ends of the reciprocating action mechanism drive the auxiliary pistons of the corresponding cylinder assemblies to move synchronously. When the above scheme is adopted, the cylinder assemblies arranged at both sides of the reciprocating action mechanism form a double-cylinder structure, and when the main piston and the auxiliary piston on one side relatively approach to realize the compression process, the main piston and the auxiliary piston on the other side relatively move away to realize the working process.

[0017] Further, the reciprocating action mechanism can adopt various schemes, and the structure is not uniquely limited. Here, one of the feasible options is optimized and proposed: the reciprocating action mechanism includes a crosshead, the crosshead connects the main piston and drives the main piston to move synchronously, the rocker of each action connecting rod mechanism is connected to the front end of the crosshead, and the rear end of the crosshead is connected to the crankshaft through a crankshaft connecting rod and drives the crankshaft to rotate synchronously. When the above scheme is adopted, the crosshead drives the main piston to move reciprocally, and simultaneously drives the crankshaft connecting rod to drive the crankshaft to rotate synchronously.

[0018] Further, when the crosshead drives the crankshaft connecting rod, one of the feasible options is proposed here: the number of the crankshaft connecting rods is two, and the two crankshaft connecting rods are respectively matched to the corresponding crankshafts, and the two crankshafts are further provided with synchronous gears matched with each other. When the above scheme is adopted, the two crankshafts are simultaneously driven by the crosshead, the rear crankshaft is driven to rotate, and the two crankshafts rotate at the same speed under the meshing structure of the synchronous gears.

[0019] Further, in addition to the above structure, the reciprocating action mechanism can also adopt other structures. Here, one of the feasible options is optimized and proposed: the reciprocating action mechanism includes a rectangular inner tooth frame, the rectangular inner tooth frame connects the main piston and drives the main piston to move synchronously, the rocker of each action connecting rod mechanism is connected to the end of the rectangular inner tooth frame, and the rectangular inner tooth frame slides in the main body through a track; the rectangular inner tooth frame is provided with a waist-shaped hole, a flat section in the waist-shaped hole is provided with a rack, and the output shaft passes through the waist-shaped hole and is provided with a sector-shaped tooth surface matched with the rack.

[0020] The above-mentioned content discloses an opposed-piston actuator which can guarantee force balance of pistons, reduce friction between main and auxiliary pistons and main and auxiliary cylinders, and improve service life of parts when applied to an engine.

[0021] An opposed-piston two-stroke engine comprises the above-mentioned opposed-piston actuator, and includes a main body, wherein the cylinder assembly is located at least on one side of the main body, and the cylinder assembly further comprises a compression cylinder in which a compression piston is arranged, the compression piston and the auxiliary piston are synchronously matched in action, a main cylinder annular hole, an auxiliary cylinder annular hole and a compression cylinder inlet and outlet port are arranged on the cylinder assembly, the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port is connected to the main cylinder annular hole or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole through an intake passage, and an air inlet is arranged on the intake passage.

[0022] The above-mentioned engine can adopt a single-cylinder or even a multi-cylinder structure. One reciprocating mechanism on the output shaft can cooperate with two cylinder assemblies, and multiple reciprocating mechanisms can be arranged at other positions of the output shaft and cooperate with cylinder assemblies respectively, thereby forming a multi-cylinder structure. The main and auxiliary pistons in each cylinder assembly act and transmit driving force to the reciprocating mechanism, thereby converting linear motion of the pistons into rotary motion of the output shaft. When the main and auxiliary pistons in the cylinder assembly move towards each other, the compression piston and the auxiliary piston synchronously act and form negative pressure in the compression cylinder, and when the main and auxiliary pistons move away from each other, the compression piston and the auxiliary piston synchronously act and form high pressure in the compression cylinder, and then air in the compression cylinder is compressed and sent to the main and auxiliary cylinders, at this time, the air entering the main and auxiliary cylinders increases the air pressure in the cylinder assembly and extrudes and discharges the original gas in the cylinder assembly, thereby realizing scavenging of the main and auxiliary cylinders. The engine can realize self-scavenging by using the action of the main and auxiliary pistons, and the compressor for scavenging is omitted, which is conducive to structure simplification and cost reduction.

[0023] Further, the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port is connected to the auxiliary cylinder annular hole on the auxiliary cylinder through an intake passage, or the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port is connected to the main cylinder annular hole on the main cylinder through an intake passage, a one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet, and the one-way valve allows external gas to enter the compression cylinder cavity from the air inlet in one direction.

[0024] Further, during engine operation, scavenging of the main and auxiliary cylinders is realized through the intake passage, the intake passage can be constructed in multiple forms, and its structure is not uniquely limited, and one of the feasible options is optimized and proposed here: the intake passage comprises an internal passage arranged in the cylinder assembly, and the internal passage is connected to the main cylinder annular hole or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole.

[0025] Alternatively, the intake passage includes an external passage arranged outside the compression cylinder, and the external passage is communicated with the main cylinder annular hole or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole.

[0026] Further, the specific arrangement of the air intake and exhaust structure on the cylinder can adopt various arrangements, and the structure is not uniquely limited, and one of the feasible options is optimized and proposed: the main cylinder annular hole and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole are opened and scavenged when the main piston and the auxiliary piston are away from each other, the main cylinder annular hole and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole are closed and the gas is compressed when the main piston and the auxiliary piston are close to each other, and ignition is performed after compression to work, so as to realize two-stroke cycle. When the above scheme is adopted, the main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder are straight-through structures, and during the scavenging process, the gas enters the main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder, and the exhaust gas in the main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder is extruded and discharged, and the air intake and exhaust are unidirectional flow, and the scavenging efficiency is higher.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, some beneficial effects of the technical scheme disclosed in the utility model include:

[0028] The main piston and the auxiliary piston in the cylinder assembly are driven synchronously by the opposed piston actuator, the main piston and the auxiliary piston are close to each other and away from each other, and due to this driving mode, the friction between the main piston, the auxiliary piston and the cylinder wall is reduced; the compression piston and the auxiliary piston are synchronous, the compression cylinder is self-suction and compression, and is used for scavenging of the cylinder assembly, and the external compressor for scavenging is omitted, which is beneficial to structure simplification and cost reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments, and it should be understood that the following drawings only represent some embodiments of the utility model, and should not be regarded as the limitation to the scope, and for the ordinary skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is an overall structural schematic diagram of the engine.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the engine.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a side view schematic diagram of the engine.

[0033] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 It is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of A-A.

[0034] Figure 5 It is Figure 2 It is a transverse section schematic diagram of B-B.

[0035] Figure 6 Overall view of the engine with the main housing of the cylinder head removed.

[0036] Figure 7 Detail view of the area A. Figure 6

[0037] Figure 8 Internal view of the engine with part of the main housing removed.

[0038] Figure 9 Side view of the engine with part of the main housing removed.

[0039] Figure 10 Front view of the engine with part of the main housing removed.

[0040] Figure 11 Detail view of the area C-C. Figure 9

[0041] Detail view of the area D-D. Figure 12

[0042] Detail view of the area E-E. Figure 13

[0043] Detail view of the area F-F. Figure 14 Figure 13 Detail view of the area G-G.

[0044] Figure 15 Detail view of the area H-H.

[0045] Figure 16 Figure 15 Detail view of the area I-I.

[0046] Figure 17 Overall view of the engine with the crosshead and the crankshaft connecting rod of example 3.

[0047] Figure 18 Front view of the engine with the crosshead and the crankshaft connecting rod of example 3.

[0048] Figure 19 Detail view of the engine with the actuator of example 3.

[0049] Figure 20 Detail view of the engine with the crosshead and the crankshaft connecting rod of example 3.

[0050] Figure 21 Detail view of the engine with the actuator of example 3. Figure 20

[0051] In the above figures, the meaning of the respective reference signs is as follows:​​​​

[0052] 1. Main body; 101. Main housing; 102. Rectangular inner tooth frame; 103. Track; 103a. Upper track; 103b. Lower track; 104. Fan shaft; 105. Crankshaft;

[0053] 2. Cylinder assembly; 201. Main cylinder; 202. Sub-cylinder; 203. Pressure cylinder; 204. Cylinder head;

[0054] 3. Main piston; 301. Piston rod;

[0055] 4. Sub-piston;

[0056] 5. Pressure piston;

[0057] 45. Combined piston structure;

[0058] 6. Support rod; 6a. Upper support rod; 6b. Lower support rod;

[0059] 7. Rocker; 7a. Upper rocker; 7b. Lower rocker;

[0060] 8. Push-pull rod; 8a. Upper push-pull rod; 8b. Lower push-pull rod;

[0061] 9. Main cylinder annular hole;

[0062] 10. Sub-cylinder annular hole;

[0063] 11. Pressure cylinder inlet and outlet port;

[0064] 12. Internal passage;

[0065] 13. Intake port;

[0066] 14. One-way valve;

[0067] 15. Oil injector;

[0068] 16. Spark plug;

[0069] 17. External passage;

[0070] 18. Crosshead;

[0071] 19. Crankshaft connecting rod;

[0072] 20. Synchronizing gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present embodiment will be further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] As Figure 7 , Figure 9 andFigure 10 The present embodiment provides an opposed-piston actuating mechanism, which comprises a reciprocating mechanism, a motion linkage mechanism and a cylinder assembly 2;

[0076] The reciprocating mechanism cooperates with the motion linkage mechanism and the cylinder assembly to reciprocate in the horizontal direction;

[0077] The cylinder assembly 2 comprises a main cylinder 201 and a sub-cylinder 202, a main piston 3 is arranged in the main cylinder 201, and a sub-piston 4 is arranged in the sub-cylinder 202; the reciprocating mechanism is connected to the main piston 3 and drives the main piston 3 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction; at least two sets of motion linkage mechanisms are arranged on the outer circumference of the cylinder assembly 2, the motion linkage mechanisms are symmetrically arranged with the linear motion direction of the reciprocating mechanism as the axis of symmetry, the front end of the motion linkage mechanism cooperates with the reciprocating mechanism and is synchronously driven, and the rear end of the motion linkage mechanism drives the sub-piston 4 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction.

[0078] In the present embodiment, the motion linkage mechanism comprises a support rod 6, a rocker 7 and a push-pull rod 8, the front end of the support rod 6 is hinged to a fixed part, the rear end of the support rod 6 is hinged to the rocker 7, the front end of the rocker 7 is hinged to the reciprocating mechanism, the rear end of the rocker 7 is hinged to the front end of the push-pull rod 8, and the rear end of the push-pull rod 8 drives the sub-piston 4.

[0079] The disclosed motion linkage mechanism has the support rod 6 as a support force transmission, when the front end of the rocker 7 synchronously moves with the reciprocating mechanism, the rear end of the rocker 7 synchronously moves in the opposite direction, and the support rod 6 is the force point of the rocker 7; at the same time, the rear end of the rocker 7 drives the push-pull rod 8 to synchronously reciprocate.

[0080] In some schemes, the linkage structure is cooperatively used to drive the corresponding motion components to synchronously move, for example, to move towards each other or to move away from each other. When applied to a double-piston engine, the two oppositely arranged pistons can be synchronously moved towards each other or away from each other.

[0081] Preferably, the main piston 3 cooperates with the reciprocating mechanism through a piston rod 301.

[0082] Due to the synchronism of the opposed-piston actuating mechanism, the main piston 3 and the sub-piston 4 are synchronously moved. When the opposed-piston actuating mechanism is applied to an engine, the movement of the main piston 3 and the sub-piston 4 towards each other is the compression process of the engine, and the movement of the main piston 3 and the sub-piston 4 away from each other is the working process of the engine, and the scavenging is completed when the main piston 3 and the sub-piston 4 move away from each other to the top dead center position.

[0083] The opposed-piston actuator not only can drive single-cylinder structure to act, but also can drive multi-cylinder structure to act through reasonable setting of action connecting rod mechanism, and the structure is not uniquely limited. The embodiment is optimized and one of feasible choices is adopted: the cylinder assembly 2 and the action connecting rod mechanism arranged on the cylinder assembly 2 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the reciprocating action mechanism, the reciprocating action mechanism drives the main piston 3 of the corresponding cylinder assembly 2 at both ends to move synchronously, and the reciprocating action mechanism drives the auxiliary piston 4 of the corresponding cylinder assembly 2 to move synchronously. When the above scheme is adopted, the cylinder assemblies 2 arranged at both sides of the reciprocating action mechanism form a double-cylinder structure, that is, when the main piston 4 and the auxiliary piston 4 on one side relatively approach to realize the compression process, the main piston 4 and the auxiliary piston 4 on the other side relatively move away to realize the work process.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] The above embodiment 2 provides an opposed-piston actuator, and another specific opposed-piston actuator is provided on the basis of the above embodiment.

[0086] Specifically, the improvement of the actuator in the embodiment mainly includes the matching structure at the reciprocating action mechanism.

[0087] The reciprocating action mechanism can adopt various schemes, and the structure is not uniquely limited. The embodiment is optimized and one of feasible choices is adopted: the reciprocating action mechanism includes a cross head 18, the cross head 18 is connected with the main piston 3 and drives the main piston 3 to move synchronously, the rocker 7 of each set of action connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the front end of the cross head 18, and the rear end of the cross head 18 is connected with the crankshaft 105 through the crankshaft connecting rod 19 and drives the crankshaft 105 to rotate synchronously. When the above scheme is adopted, the cross head 18 drives the main piston 3 to move reciprocally, and at the same time, the crankshaft connecting rod 19 at the rear is driven to rotate the crankshaft 105.

[0088] When the cross head 18 drives the crankshaft connecting rod 19, the crankshaft connecting rod 19 and the crankshaft 105 connected and matched at the rear are multiple. The embodiment adopts one of feasible choices: the number of the crankshaft connecting rod 19 is two, two crankshaft connecting rods 19 are matched to the corresponding crankshafts 105 respectively, and the synchronous gears 20 matched with each other are arranged on the two crankshafts 105. When the above scheme is adopted, the two crankshafts 105 are driven by the cross head 18, the crankshafts 105 at the rear are driven to rotate, and the two crankshafts 105 rotate at the same speed under the meshing structure of the synchronous gears 20.

[0089] Embodiment 3

[0090] The above embodiment 2 provides an opposed-piston actuator, and another specific opposed-piston actuator is provided on the basis of the above embodiment.

[0091] Specifically, the improvement of the actuator in the embodiment mainly includes the matching structure at the reciprocating mechanism.

[0092] Preferably, as shown in Figure 4 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 , the reciprocating mechanism in the embodiment includes a rectangular inner tooth frame 102, which is connected to the main piston 3 and drives the main piston 3 to reciprocate synchronously. The rocker 7 of each set of linkage mechanism is hinged to the end of the rectangular inner tooth frame 102, and the rectangular inner tooth frame 102 slides in the main body 1 through the track 103. The rectangular inner tooth frame is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the flat section in the waist-shaped hole is provided with a rack. The output shaft passes through the waist-shaped hole and is provided with a sector tooth surface to cooperate with the rack.

[0093] Preferably, the rectangular inner tooth frame 102 in the embodiment slides in the main body 1 through the track 103, and the track 103 includes an upper track 103a and a lower track 103b.

[0094] Preferably, the reciprocating mechanism mentioned in the embodiment can be the corresponding scheme described in the patent document with the patent number 201710353223.X.

[0095] Embodiment 4

[0096] As shown in Figures 1 to 14 , the above embodiment discloses an opposed piston actuator, which can ensure force balance of the piston when applied to an engine, and can reduce the friction between the main and auxiliary pistons 4 and the main and auxiliary cylinders 202, which is beneficial to structure simplification and cost reduction.

[0097] The embodiment provides an opposed piston two-stroke engine, which adopts the opposed piston actuator described above, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 , which includes a main body 1. The cylinder assembly 2 is located on one side of the main body 1. The cylinder assembly 2 further includes a compression cylinder 203, and a compression piston 5 is arranged in the compression cylinder 203. The compression piston 5 cooperates with the auxiliary piston 4 to act synchronously. The cylinder assembly 2 is provided with a main cylinder annular hole 9, an auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10, and a compression cylinder inlet and outlet port 11. The compression cylinder inlet and outlet port 11 is connected to the main cylinder annular hole 9 or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 through an intake passage, and an air inlet 13 is arranged on the intake passage.

[0098] Preferably, the main body 1 includes a main shell 101.

[0099] Preferably, the opposed piston actuator in the embodiment is symmetrically arranged when the connecting rod is arranged, as shown in Figure 11As shown, the support rod 6 includes an upper support rod 6a and a lower support rod 6b, the rocker 7 includes an upper rocker 7a and a lower rocker 7b, and the push-pull rod 8 includes an upper push-pull rod 8a and a lower push-pull rod 8b.

[0100] The engine disclosed above adopts a single-cylinder structure. One reciprocating mechanism on the output shaft can cooperate with one cylinder assembly 2.

[0101] Preferably, the output shaft in the embodiment adopts a fan-shaped tooth shaft 104.

[0102] When the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 in the cylinder assembly 2 move towards each other, the compression piston 5 moves synchronously with the auxiliary piston 4 and forms a negative pressure suction in the inner cavity of the compression cylinder 203; when the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 move away from each other, the compression piston 5 moves synchronously with the auxiliary piston 4 and compresses the gas in the compression cylinder 203, and then sends the air in the compression cylinder 203 to the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202, at this time, the air entering the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 increases the gas pressure in the cylinder assembly 2 and extrudes and discharges the original gas in the cylinder assembly 2, thereby realizing the scavenging of the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202. The engine utilizes the movement of the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 to realize self-scavenging, which eliminates the external compressor for scavenging, and is conducive to structure simplification and cost reduction.

[0103] During the operation of the engine, the scavenging of the inside of the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 is realized through the intake passage, which can be constructed in various forms and is not uniquely limited in structure. Here, an optimal and feasible option is proposed: as shown in Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port 11 is communicated with the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 on the auxiliary cylinder 202 through the intake passage, or the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port 11 is communicated with the main cylinder annular hole 9 on the main cylinder 201 through the intake passage, the air inlet 13 is provided with a one-way valve 14, and the one-way valve 14 allows external gas to enter the inner cavity of the compression cylinder 203 from the air inlet 13 in one direction.

[0104] In some schemes, the one-way valve 14 can be arranged at the air inlet 13.

[0105] The intake passage includes an internal passage 12 arranged in the cylinder assembly 2, and the internal passage 12 communicates the main cylinder annular hole 9 or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10;

[0106] Preferably, in the embodiment, the air inlet 13 of the cylinder assembly 2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the compression cylinder 203 through the compression cylinder inlet and outlet port 11, and an internal passage 12 is formed in the cylinder assembly 2, which is used to guide the gas in the compression cylinder 203 to the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202.

[0107] Preferably, in this embodiment, external gas enters the intake passage and enters the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 through the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 for scavenging, and exhausts through the main cylinder annular hole 9.

[0108] Preferred, such as Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the air compressor 203 can be configured as either oblong or circular. In other embodiments, it can be configured as even more shapes.

[0109] Preferably, a cylinder head 204 is also provided at the compressor cylinder 203.

[0110] The specific arrangement of the air inlet and outlet structures on cylinder assembly 2 can adopt various configurations, and its structure is not limited to a single one. This embodiment optimizes and adopts one feasible option: when the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are moving away from each other, the main cylinder annular hole 9 and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 are opened for scavenging; when the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are moving closer to each other, the main cylinder annular hole 9 and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 are closed for gas compression. After compression, ignition is performed to generate power, thereby realizing a two-stroke cycle. When the above scheme is adopted, the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 have a straight-through structure. During the scavenging process, gas enters the main and auxiliary cylinders, and the air pressure in the main and auxiliary cylinders 202 increases, thereby squeezing out the exhaust gas in the main and auxiliary cylinders 202. The air inlet and outlet are unidirectional flows, resulting in higher scavenging efficiency.

[0111] The mating structure of the compressor piston 5 and the auxiliary piston 4 can adopt various schemes, and its structure is not limited to one. This embodiment optimizes and adopts one of the feasible options: such as Figure 12 As shown, the compressor piston 5 and the auxiliary piston 4 are connected to form a combined piston structure 45. The piston head of the auxiliary piston 4 is located inside the cylinder assembly 2, and the piston tail of the auxiliary piston 4 cooperates with the compressor piston 5. The piston tail of the auxiliary piston 4 forms a connection port, and a connecting block corresponding to the connection port is formed on the compressor piston 5. When adopting the above scheme, the auxiliary piston 4 and the compressor piston 5 can also be connected by fasteners to strengthen the fixation. The size of the compressor piston 5 can be larger than that of the auxiliary piston 4. During the same stroke, the gas drawn into the compressor cylinder 203 after the compressor piston 5 moves can fill the cylinder assembly 2 where the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located. Moreover, the size of the compressor piston 5 can be adjusted according to the actual gas pressure requirements, thereby changing the initial pressure of the gas entering the cylinder assembly 2. After being compressed again by the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 in the cylinder assembly 2, the final combustion situation can be adjusted.

[0112] The two-stroke engine disclosed in this embodiment operates as follows:

[0113] The main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located in the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 respectively, and the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located between the main cylinder annular hole 9 and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10. When the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 move towards each other, the gas in the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 is compressed, which is the compression process.

[0114] During the compression process, the fuel injector 15 and the spark plug 16 on the cylinder assembly 2 work at the appropriate time.

[0115] During the compression process, the auxiliary piston 4 and the air compression piston 5 move synchronously and increase the volume in the air compression cylinder 203 to form a negative pressure. The external air enters the air compression cylinder 203 through the air inlet 13 and the air compression cylinder inlet and outlet 11, serving as the intake reserve air for the subsequent engine.

[0116] The main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located in the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 respectively, and the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located between the main cylinder annular hole 9 and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10. When the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 move away from each other, the gas in the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 expands, which is the work process.

[0117] During the work process, the auxiliary piston 4 and the air compression piston 5 move synchronously and reduce the volume in the air compression cylinder 203. The original reserve air is compressed to form high-pressure reserve air.

[0118] When the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located in the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 respectively, and the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 are located outside the main cylinder annular hole 9 and the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10, the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 are connected to the outside, and the high-pressure gas in the air compression cylinder 203 enters the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202, and the original exhaust gas is squeezed out, which is the scavenging process.

[0119] During the scavenging process, the high-pressure reserve air in the air compression cylinder 203 enters the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 through the air compression cylinder inlet and outlet 11 and the intake passage, and the exhaust gas is discharged at the same time.

[0120] When the above process is repeated, the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 form continuous reciprocating motion, that is, the reciprocating motion mechanism forms continuous reciprocating motion, so that the rectangular inner tooth frame 102 and the sector shaft 104 can form continuous rotation, thereby realizing the output torque of the engine to the outside.

[0121] Example 5

[0122] The embodiment provides a opposed-piston two-stroke engine, which is different from the engine in example 4 in that the cylinder assembly 2 of the engine in the embodiment takes in air from the main cylinder 201, and the specific process is as follows.

[0123] In the embodiment, the main cylinder 201 is provided with a main cylinder annular hole 9, and the auxiliary cylinder 202 is provided with an auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10. When the above scheme is adopted, the air is taken in from the main cylinder annular hole 9 of the main cylinder 201, and the air is discharged from the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10 of the auxiliary cylinder 202.

[0124] After the air intake position of the cylinder assembly 2 is adjusted, the air intake structure of the cylinder assembly 2 is adjusted correspondingly. In the embodiment, one of the feasible options is optimized and adopted: the air intake passage includes an external passage 17 arranged outside the compression cylinder 203, and the external passage 17 is communicated with the main cylinder annular hole 9 or the auxiliary cylinder annular hole 10.

[0125] Preferably, in the embodiment, the air inlet 13 of the cylinder assembly 2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the compression cylinder 203 through the compression cylinder inlet and outlet 11, and the cylinder assembly 2 is provided with an external passage 17 communicated from the compression cylinder inlet and outlet 11 to the main cylinder annular hole 9 of the main cylinder 201. The external passage 17 is used to guide the gas in the compression cylinder 203 to the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202.

[0126] Embodiment 6

[0127] The embodiment provides an opposed-piston two-stroke engine, which is different from that in Embodiment 4 in that the embodiment adopts a multi-cylinder engine structure.

[0128] Specifically, one reciprocating mechanism on the output shaft can cooperate with two cylinder assemblies 2, and a plurality of reciprocating mechanisms can be arranged at other positions of the output shaft and cooperate with the cylinder assemblies 2 respectively, so as to form a multi-cylinder structure. The main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 in each cylinder assembly 2 act and transmit driving force to the reciprocating mechanism, so as to convert the linear motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the driving shaft.

[0129] When the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 in the cylinder assembly 2 move towards each other, the compression piston 5 moves synchronously with the auxiliary piston 4 and forms negative pressure in the inner cavity of the compression cylinder 203 to inhale air; when the main piston 3 and the auxiliary piston 4 move away from each other, the compression piston 5 moves synchronously with the auxiliary piston 4 and forms high pressure in the compression cylinder 203, so as to send the air in the compression cylinder 203 to the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202. At this time, the air entering the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202 increases the air pressure in the cylinder assembly 2 and extrudes and discharges the original gas in the cylinder assembly 2, so as to realize the scavenging of the main cylinder 201 and the auxiliary cylinder 202.

[0130] The engine utilizes the motion of the main piston and the auxiliary piston to realize self-scavenging, and the compressor for scavenging is omitted, which is beneficial to the simplification of the structure and the reduction of the cost.

[0131] The above are the embodiments listed in the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above optional embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other various embodiments by arbitrarily combining the above modes with each other. Any person can obtain other various forms of embodiments under the inspiration of the present embodiment. The above specific embodiments should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present embodiment, and the protection scope of the present embodiment should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An opposed-piston actuator, characterized by, The reciprocating mechanism, the action connecting rod mechanism and the cylinder assembly (2); The reciprocating mechanism cooperates with the action connecting rod mechanism and the cylinder assembly respectively and reciprocates in horizontal direction; The cylinder assembly (2) comprises a main cylinder (201) and a sub-cylinder (202), a main piston (3) is arranged in the main cylinder (201), and a sub-piston (4) is arranged in the sub-cylinder (202); the reciprocating mechanism is connected with the main piston (3) and drives the main piston (3) to reciprocate in horizontal direction; at least two groups of action connecting rod mechanisms are arranged on the outer circumference of the cylinder assembly (2); the action connecting rod mechanisms are symmetrically arranged with the linear motion direction of the reciprocating mechanism as the axis of symmetry; the front end of the action connecting rod mechanism cooperates with the reciprocating mechanism and is synchronously driven; and the rear end of the action connecting rod mechanism drives the sub-piston (4) to reciprocate in horizontal direction.

2. The opposed-piston powertrain of claim 1, wherein: The action connecting rod mechanism comprises a support rod (6), a rocker (7) and a push-pull rod (8); the front end of the support rod (6) is hinged to a fixed part; the rear end of the support rod (6) is hinged to the rocker (7); the front end of the rocker (7) is hinged to the reciprocating mechanism; the rear end of the rocker (7) is hinged to the front end of the push-pull rod (8); and the rear end of the push-pull rod (8) drives the sub-piston (4).

3. The opposed-piston powertrain of claim 1, wherein: The cylinder assembly (2) and the action connecting rod mechanism arranged on the cylinder assembly (2) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the reciprocating mechanism; the reciprocating mechanism drives the main pistons (3) in the cylinder assemblies (2) at both ends to move synchronously; and the action connecting rod mechanisms at both ends of the reciprocating mechanism drive the sub-pistons (4) in the cylinder assemblies (2) to move synchronously.

4. The opposed-piston powertrain of claim 1, wherein: The reciprocating mechanism comprises a cross head (18) connected with the main pistons (3) and driving the main pistons (3) to reciprocate synchronously; the rocker (7) of each group of action connecting rod mechanisms is hinged to the front end of the cross head (18); and the rear end of the cross head (18) is connected to the crankshaft (105) through a crankshaft connecting rod (19) and drives the crankshaft (105) to rotate synchronously.

5. The opposed-piston powertrain of claim 4, wherein: The number of the crankshaft connecting rods (19) is two; the two crankshaft connecting rods (19) are respectively connected to the corresponding crankshafts (105); and the two crankshafts (105) are further provided with mutually cooperating synchronous gears (20).

6. The opposed-piston powertrain of claim 1, wherein: The reciprocating mechanism comprises a rectangular inner tooth frame (102) connected with the main pistons (3) and driving the main pistons (3) to reciprocate synchronously; the rocker (7) of each group of action connecting rod mechanisms is hinged to the end of the rectangular inner tooth frame (102); the rectangular inner tooth frame (102) slides in the main body (1) through a track (103); the rectangular inner tooth frame is provided with a waist-shaped hole; a flat section in the waist-shaped hole is provided with a rack; an output shaft passes through the waist-shaped hole and is provided with a sector-shaped tooth surface to cooperate with the rack.

7. An opposed-piston two-stroke engine comprising the opposed-piston actuation mechanism of any one of claims 1-6, characterized by: The application relates to a two-stroke engine, which comprises a main body (1), a cylinder assembly (2) arranged on one side of the main body (1), a compression cylinder (203) arranged in the cylinder assembly (2), a compression piston (5) arranged in the compression cylinder (203), and a secondary piston (4) synchronously cooperating with the compression piston (5).

8. The opposed-piston two-stroke engine of claim 7, characterized by: The compression cylinder (203) is communicated with the secondary cylinder (202) through a compression cylinder inlet and outlet (11) and a secondary cylinder annular hole (10) through an inlet passage, and the inlet passage is provided with an air inlet (13).

9. The opposed-piston two-stroke engine according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The compression cylinder (203) is communicated with the secondary cylinder (202) through a compression cylinder inlet and outlet (11) and a secondary cylinder annular hole (10) through an inlet passage, and the inlet passage is provided with an air inlet (13). The inlet passage comprises an internal passage (12) arranged in the cylinder assembly (2) and communicated with the main cylinder annular hole (9) or the secondary cylinder annular hole (10).

10. The opposed-piston two-stroke engine of claim 7, characterized by: The inlet passage comprises an external passage (17) arranged outside the compression cylinder (203) and communicated with the main cylinder annular hole (9) or the secondary cylinder annular hole (10). When the main piston (3) and the secondary piston (4) move away from each other, the main cylinder annular hole (9) and the secondary cylinder annular hole (10) are opened to perform scavenging; when the main piston (3) and the secondary piston (4) move towards each other, the main cylinder annular hole (9) and the secondary cylinder annular hole (10) are closed to compress gas, ignition is performed after compression to realize a two-stroke cycle.

Images