Five-axis linkage numerical control machining tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of machining tools, and discloses a five-axis linkage numerical control machining tool which comprises a base, foot supports are fixedly connected to the bottom of the base, a cross beam is fixedly connected to the top of the base, an X-axis servo motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, the output end of the X-axis servo motor is fixedly connected with an X-axis lead screw assembly, and the output end of the X-axis lead screw assembly is fixedly connected with an X-axis servo motor. The end of the X-axis lead screw assembly is rotationally connected with an X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly, and the top of the base is fixedly connected with an X-axis guide rail assembly. In the utility model, the Y shaft is arranged to limit the moving track of the Y shaft by taking the rotary table as the center, so that an operator has a larger operation space when carrying out operations such as loading and unloading workpieces and adjusting props, meanwhile, the operator can conveniently observe detail changes in the cutting process, and meanwhile, vibration and shaking generated during the operation of the spindle box are reduced; and the machining quality and the equipment energy utilization rate are improved while the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to processing machine tool field especially relates to a five -axis linkage numerical control processing machine tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] Five -axis machining center is a kind of numerical control machine tool that can be additionally increased two rotary axes, namely A axis and C axis on the basis of three coordinate axes, for X, Y, Z axis, A axis and C axis represent the rotation angle of platform and the rotation angle of workbench respectively, through the control of A axis and C axis, the multi -surface machining of workpiece, circumferential processing etc. Operation can be realized, satisfy different processing requirements, the development of five -axis machining center has important significance in improving the quality of part processing, reducing processing procedure, improving processing efficiency, and is widely applied in the field such as aerospace, mould manufacturing, automobile parts.

[0003] Through the retrieval, China patent publication number: CN218695976U discloses a kind of five -axis linkage numerical control machining center machine tool, there is Y axis base, Y axis stand and Y axis crossbeam by Y axis guide rail support seat, Y axis base is set workbench both sides, Y axis stand is installed on Y axis base, Y axis crossbeam is installed on Y axis stand;Y axis slider is installed on Y axis crossbeam, along Y axis crossbeam moves through control device control cutting device operation to mould, corresponding processing is carried out to mould, by setting Y axis guide rail support seat, the overall stability of machine tool is enhanced.

[0004] In the above technical scheme, Y axis guide rail support seat is used to enhance the overall stability of machine tool, but the movement track of Y axis cannot be limited, which makes it difficult for operators to have a relatively wide space for loading and unloading workpieces and adjusting props during complex part processing, and it is also difficult to observe the workpiece during cutting, thereby increasing the risk of reducing processing efficiency and processing quality. Therefore, a five -axis linkage numerical control processing machine tool is proposed to solve the above problems. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0005] To make up for the above shortcomings, the utility model provides a kind of five -axis linkage numerical control processing machine tool, aims at improving the five -axis linkage numerical control processing machine tool in prior art lacks the accurate limitation to the movement track of Y axis, it is difficult for operator to have a relatively wide space for operation or observation, and the problems of reducing processing efficiency and processing quality are caused.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool, comprising a base, a foot support fixedly connected to the bottom of the base, a crossbeam fixedly connected to the top of the base, an X-axis servo motor fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, an X-axis lead screw assembly fixedly connected to the output end of the X-axis servo motor, an X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly rotatably connected to the end of the X-axis lead screw assembly, an X-axis guide rail assembly fixedly connected to the top of the base, a turntable saddle threadedly connected to the outer wall of the X-axis lead screw assembly, a turntable body rotatably connected to the top of the turntable saddle, a Y-axis motor mount assembly fixedly connected to the surface of the crossbeam, and a Y-axis servo motor... The machine comprises a Y-axis servo motor, the output end of which is fixedly connected to a Y-axis lead screw assembly. The end of the Y-axis lead screw assembly is rotatably connected to a Y-axis lead screw tailstock assembly. A Y-axis guide rail assembly is fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbeam. A horizontal slide saddle is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the Y-axis lead screw assembly. A Z-axis motor mount assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the horizontal slide saddle. A Z-axis servo motor is fixedly connected to the top of the Z-axis motor mount assembly. A Z-axis lead screw assembly is fixedly connected to the output end of the Z-axis servo motor. The end of the Z-axis lead screw assembly is rotatably connected to a Z-axis lead screw tailstock assembly. A Z-axis guide rail assembly is fixedly connected to the side wall of the horizontal slide saddle. A spindle box is slidably connected to the outer wall of the Z-axis guide rail assembly. An electric spindle is located at the bottom of the spindle box.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0008] A booster cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the spindle box, a tool magazine adjustment block is provided on the outer wall of the crossbeam, a tool magazine mounting base is provided on the surface of the tool magazine adjustment block, and a tool magazine body is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool magazine mounting base.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The base has a chip removal port on its inner wall.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] The inner wall of the turntable saddle is slidably connected to the outer wall of the X-axis guide rail assembly.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The inner wall of the horizontal saddle is slidably connected to the outer wall of the Y-axis guide rail assembly, and the outer wall of the Y-axis lead screw tailstock assembly is fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbeam.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The inner wall of the spindle box is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the Z-axis lead screw assembly.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] The bottom of the X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The chip discharge port is located at the center of the base.

[0021] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In this utility model, by setting a Y-axis to limit the movement trajectory of the turntable as the center, and in conjunction with the A-axis, the operator has a large operating space when loading and unloading workpieces and adjusting tools. At the same time, it is easy for the operator to observe the detailed changes in the cutting process. The vibration and shaking generated by the spindle box during operation are reduced by the Y-axis guide rail, thereby improving processing efficiency, processing quality and equipment energy utilization.

[0023] 2. In this utility model, the tool magazine mounting base and the tool magazine adjusting block cooperate to avoid the risk of tool magazine sagging during tool changing, shorten the tool changing time, and prevent tool magazine sagging from causing additional uneven pressure on the Y-axis, thus affecting its motion accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional side view of the main structure of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool proposed in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool proposed in this utility model, taken on the right side.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic plan view of the main structure of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool proposed in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the left side of the main structure of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool proposed in this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a top plan view of the main structure of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool proposed in this utility model.

[0029] Legend:

[0030] 1. Base; 2. Foot support; 3. Turntable saddle; 4. Turntable body; 5. Crossbeam; 6. Spindle box; 7. Z-axis motor mount assembly; 8. Z-axis servo motor; 9. Z-axis lead screw assembly; 10. Z-axis guide rail assembly; 11. Z-axis lead screw tailstock assembly; 12. Electric spindle; 13. Y-axis servo motor; 14. Y-axis motor mount assembly; 15. Y-axis lead screw assembly; 16. Y-axis guide rail assembly; 17. Y-axis lead screw tailstock assembly; 18. X-axis servo motor; 19. X-axis lead screw assembly; 20. X-axis guide rail assembly; 21. X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly; 22. Pressure booster cylinder; 23. Horizontal saddle; 24. Tool magazine body; 25. Tool magazine mounting base; 26. Tool magazine adjusting block; 27. Chip discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 2 , Figure 5This utility model provides an embodiment of a five-axis linkage CNC machining tool, including a base 1, a foot support 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the base 1, a crossbeam 5 fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, an X-axis servo motor 18 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, an X-axis lead screw assembly 19 fixedly connected to the output end of the X-axis servo motor 18, an X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly 21 rotatably connected to the end of the X-axis lead screw assembly 19, the bottom of the X-axis lead screw tailstock assembly 21 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, an X-axis guide rail assembly 20 fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, a turntable saddle 3 threadedly connected to the outer wall of the X-axis lead screw assembly 19, and the X-axis servo motor 18 driving the X-axis servo motor 18. The X-axis lead screw assembly 19 rotates, allowing the rotary table saddle 3 to move back and forth on the base 1. With the limit of the X-axis guide rail assembly 20, the movement stability of the rotary table saddle 3 is guaranteed. The inner wall of the rotary table saddle 3 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the X-axis guide rail assembly 20. The top of the rotary table saddle 3 is rotatably connected to the rotary table body 4. The outer wall of the crossbeam 5 is provided with a tool magazine adjustment block 26. The surface of the tool magazine adjustment block 26 is provided with a tool magazine mounting seat 25. The outer wall of the tool magazine mounting seat 25 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine body 24. The traditional tool magazine connection method has long relied on the friction generated by the screw connection between the tool magazine connecting plate and the machine bed for fixation. While this connection method met the operational needs of the equipment to a certain extent in the past, with the continuous development of modern machining technology and the increasing demands for equipment precision and stability, its potential problems have gradually emerged. Due to the relatively long length of the tool magazine itself, the lever arm it experiences during equipment operation is also correspondingly long. During prolonged operation, the pressure on the screw connection gradually increases. Over time, this continuous pressure causes the fit between the screw and the connecting hole to gradually loosen, leading to the tool magazine sagging. This sagging has several serious impacts on the normal operation of the equipment. First, during tool changing operations, the sagging of the tool magazine reduces the positioning accuracy of the tool, making it impossible for the tool to accurately insert or withdraw from the designated position in the tool magazine. This not only increases tool changing time and reduces the equipment's machining efficiency but may also lead to increased collision and wear between the tool and the tool magazine, further affecting the tool's lifespan and machining quality. The inner wall of the base 1 has a chip discharge port 27, located at the center of the base 1, which is used to discharge iron chips generated during machine tool machining operations.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 - Figure 5A Y-axis motor mount assembly 14 is fixedly connected to the surface of the crossbeam 5. A Y-axis servo motor 13 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the Y-axis motor mount assembly 14. A Y-axis lead screw assembly 15 is fixedly connected to the output end of the Y-axis servo motor 13. A Y-axis lead screw tailstock assembly 17 is rotatably connected to the end of the Y-axis lead screw assembly 15. The outer wall of the Y-axis lead screw tailstock assembly 17 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbeam 5. A Y-axis guide rail assembly 16 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbeam 5. A horizontal slide saddle 23 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the Y-axis lead screw assembly 15. The inner wall of the horizontal slide saddle 23 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the Y-axis guide rail assembly 16. The horizontal slide saddle 23 is driven by the Y-axis servo motor 13 to rotate the Y-axis lead screw assembly 15, so that the horizontal slide saddle 23 moves left and right on the crossbeam 5. The Y-axis guide rail assembly 16 provides a limit for the horizontal slide saddle 23.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 - Figure 4 The top of the horizontal slide saddle 23 is fixedly connected to a Z-axis motor mount assembly 7, the top of the Z-axis motor mount assembly 7 is fixedly connected to a Z-axis servo motor 8, the output end of the Z-axis servo motor 8 is fixedly connected to a Z-axis lead screw assembly 9, the end of the Z-axis lead screw assembly 9 is rotatably connected to a Z-axis lead screw tailstock assembly 11, the side wall of the horizontal slide saddle 23 is fixedly connected to a Z-axis guide rail assembly 10, the outer wall of the Z-axis guide rail assembly 10 is slidably connected to a spindle box 6, the inner wall of the spindle box 6 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the Z-axis lead screw assembly 9, the bottom of the spindle box 6 is provided with an electric spindle 12, and the top of the spindle box 6 is fixedly connected to a booster cylinder 22.

[0035] Working Principle: The Y-axis exhibits a unique travel distribution centered on the turntable. The travel on the side closest to the door is precisely set to 400mm, while the travel on the other side is 300mm. This differentiated travel design is based on in-depth research into actual machining processes and operational convenience. In many complex parts machining processes, operators need to frequently operate and observe different areas of the equipment. The longer 400mm travel on the side closest to the door provides operators with a wider operating space, making it easier to perform operations requiring a larger operating range, such as loading and unloading workpieces and adjusting tool positions. This reduces operational inconvenience and potential risks caused by space limitations. The 300mm travel on the other side has also been precisely designed. Calculations show that this stroke length effectively balances the structural stability and compactness of the entire equipment while meeting normal processing requirements. The shorter stroke does not imply a lack of functionality; on the contrary, it complements the longer stroke near the door, forming a complementary relationship. This allows the Y-axis to flexibly handle different working conditions, ensuring smooth processing. In actual processing, the A-axis setting directly impacts the processing quality and efficiency of parts. In this five-axis machining machine, the A-axis uses a negative 90-degree machining (near the door). From the perspective of observing the processing status, the negative 90-degree A-axis setting greatly facilitates real-time monitoring of the processing process by the operator. In traditional machining equipment, due to the inconsistency in axis angle settings... It is reasonable that operators often find it difficult to clearly observe the contact between the tool and the workpiece, as well as the detailed changes during the cutting process. However, by setting the A-axis to -90 degrees (towards the gantry), the operator's line of sight can be more directly focused on the machining area, eliminating the need to painstakingly search for the optimal viewing angle. This allows them to more promptly and accurately identify potential problems during machining, such as tool wear and cutting abnormalities, and quickly take corresponding measures for adjustment and correction. This effectively avoids part scrapping or quality defects caused by untimely problem detection. Among these features, the stepped design of the Y-axis guide rail and the unique center-of-gravity layout of the horizontal slide saddle 23 and spindle box 6 form the key component of the machining time machine of the gantry-type five-axis equipment. One of the key components is the innovative stepped design of the Y-axis guide rail. Based on in-depth research and precise understanding of mechanical dynamics, mechanical principles, and actual machining requirements, this unique design of the Y-axis guide rail brings the center of gravity of the assembly formed by the horizontal slide saddle 23 and the spindle box 6 closer to the Y-axis guide rail. This center of gravity layout design has several advantages. First, a center of gravity closer to the Y-axis guide rail enhances the stability of the equipment. During machining, when the spindle rotates at high speed and performs cutting operations, it generates significant centrifugal and inertial forces. If the center of gravity of the assembly deviates too far from the Y-axis guide rail, these forces will generate a large overturning torque on the equipment, causing vibration and shaking during machining, affecting machining accuracy and surface quality. By bringing the center of gravity closer to the Y-axis guide rail, [the design improves stability].This effectively reduces these overturning moments, making the equipment more stable during processing, improving machining accuracy and surface quality. Secondly, this center-of-gravity layout helps improve the equipment's response speed and dynamic performance. In five-axis machining, frequent coordinate transformations and attitude adjustments are required to adapt to the machining needs of parts with different shapes and positions. When the center of gravity of the assembly formed by the horizontal slide saddle 23 and the spindle box 6 is close to the Y-axis guide rail, the equipment's moment of inertia decreases, allowing for faster response during attitude adjustments and improving machining efficiency. Simultaneously, the smaller moment of inertia also helps reduce energy consumption and improve energy utilization.

[0036] A dedicated step extends from the machine bed crossbeam 5 for installing the arm-mounted mounting plate. During installation, the arm-mounted mounting plate is placed on this step and securely fixed to the machine bed with screws. The core of this connection method lies in using the positive pressure of the screws to ensure a tight connection between the tool magazine and the machine bed, rather than relying solely on friction. Because the positive pressure of the screws is evenly distributed on the contact surface between the arm-mounted mounting plate and the machine bed, the tool magazine can maintain a stable position during long-term use and will not sag. Even under long-term operation and when the tool magazine is subjected to significant external forces, the connection between the arm-mounted mounting plate and the machine bed remains firm and stable, effectively ensuring the positioning accuracy of the tool and the reliability of tool changing. This avoids the tool magazine sagging during tool changing operations, which would lead to a decrease in tool positioning accuracy and prevent the tool from being accurately inserted or removed from the designated position in the tool magazine. By performing tool changing operations using the above method, tool changing time is shortened, the processing efficiency of the machine is improved, and the collision and wear between the tool and the tool magazine are reduced, further ensuring the service life of the tool and the processing quality.

[0037] The steps extending from the bed beam 5 provide a stable foundation for the installation of the arm-mounted mounting plate. Its position and dimensions ensure that the arm-mounted mounting plate maintains a certain safe distance and reasonable positional relationship with the Y-axis guide rail after installation. During equipment operation, the presence of the arm-mounted mounting plate will not cause any additional interference or pressure to the Y-axis guide rail, ensuring that it will not deform or shift when subjected to the weight of the tool magazine and other external forces. This ensures the stability of the space around the Y-axis guide rail, which is crucial for maintaining the motion accuracy of the Y-axis, because any slight disturbance may cause deviation of the Y-axis guide rail, thereby affecting the machining accuracy of the equipment.

[0038] With chip removal port 27 located in the center, adopting a central chip removal method, operators do not need to frequently stop the machine to clean up the chips, thus allowing them to focus more on monitoring and operating the machining process, further improving machining quality and production efficiency. In addition, the central chip removal method also helps to keep the equipment clean and hygienic, providing operators with a good working environment, and also improves the stability, precision and production efficiency of the equipment, providing strong support for the development of the modern machining industry.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A five-axis linkage numerical control machining machine tool, comprising a base (1), the bottom of the base (1) is fixedly connected with a foot support (2), and the top of the base (1) is fixedly connected with a cross beam (5), characterized in that: The upper surface of the base (1) is fixedly connected with an X-axis servo motor (18), the output end of the X-axis servo motor (18) is fixedly connected with an X-axis screw rod assembly (19), the end of the X-axis screw rod assembly (19) is rotatably connected with an X-axis screw rod tail seat assembly (21), the top of the base (1) is fixedly connected with an X-axis guide rail assembly (20), the outer wall of the X-axis screw rod assembly (19) is threadedly connected with a rotary table saddle (3), the top of the rotary table saddle (3) is rotatably connected with a rotary table body (4), the surface of the cross beam (5) is fixedly connected with a Y-axis motor seat assembly (14), the outer wall of the Y-axis motor seat assembly (14) is fixedly connected with a Y-axis servo motor (13), the output end of the Y-axis servo motor (13) is fixedly connected with a Y-axis screw rod assembly (15), the end of the Y-axis screw rod assembly (15) is rotatably connected with a Y-axis screw rod tail seat assembly (17), the side wall of the cross beam (5) is fixedly connected with a Y-axis guide rail assembly (16), the outer wall of the Y-axis screw rod assembly (15) is threadedly connected with a horizontal saddle (23), the top of the horizontal saddle (23) is fixedly connected with a Z-axis motor seat assembly (7), the top of the Z-axis motor seat assembly (7) is fixedly connected with a Z-axis servo motor (8), the output end of the Z-axis servo motor (8) is fixedly connected with a Z-axis screw rod assembly (9), the end of the Z-axis screw rod assembly (9) is rotatably connected with a Z-axis screw rod tail seat assembly (11), the side wall of the horizontal saddle (23) is fixedly connected with a Z-axis guide rail assembly (10), the outer wall of the Z-axis guide rail assembly (10) is slidably connected with a spindle box (6), and the bottom of the spindle box (6) is provided with an electric spindle (12).

2. A five-axis CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the spindle box (6) is fixedly connected with a booster cylinder (22), the outer wall of the cross beam (5) is provided with a tool magazine adjusting block (26), the surface of the tool magazine adjusting block (26) is provided with a tool magazine mounting seat (25), and the outer wall of the tool magazine mounting seat (25) is fixedly connected with a tool magazine body (24).

3. A five-axis CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the base (1) is provided with a chip removal opening (27).

4. A five-axis CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotary table saddle (3) is slidably connected with the outer wall of the X-axis guide rail assembly (20).

5. A five-axis CNC machine tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the horizontal saddle (23) is slidably connected with the outer wall of the Y-axis guide rail assembly (16), and the outer wall of the Y-axis screw rod tail seat assembly (17) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the cross beam (5).

6. A five-axis CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the spindle box (6) is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the Z-axis screw rod assembly (9).

7. A five-axis CNC machine tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the X-axis screw rod tail seat assembly (21) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the base (1).

8. A five-axis CNC machine tool as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The chip removal opening (27) is arranged at the center of the base (1).

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