Novel accessible roof structure
By constructing a fully sealed waterproof structure and eliminating the water-absorbing and water-retaining structural layer, the problems of easy leakage and poor thermal insulation performance of accessible roofs have been solved, achieving a roof design that is highly waterproof, thermally insulated, and safe to construct.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520097110.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing accessible roof structures suffer from problems such as leakage, poor insulation performance, environmentally unfriendly construction, and high costs. In particular, the three-layer waterproofing design is prone to water ingress and retention, affecting the roof's durability and energy efficiency.
A fully sealed waterproof structure is formed by using block insulation boards and synthetic polymer waterproof materials, eliminating the need for slope and leveling layers. Waterproof protection is achieved using synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coatings and polymer cement materials, combined with a fine stone concrete protective layer to form a reverse adhesion function, thus achieving a complete seal of the insulation layer and the waterproof layer below.
It achieves reliable roof waterproofing, excellent thermal insulation and energy saving, quick construction, and economical cost, reducing the risk of leakage and material costs, and is suitable for various climatic conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN223867542U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a novel accessible roof structure, belonging to the field of roof waterproofing and roof insulation and energy-saving technology in green building. Background Technology
[0002] Starting April 1, 2023, my country began mandating a new regulation in the construction engineering field that required three layers of waterproofing for accessible roofs, replacing the previous two layers. This resulted in a new type of accessible roof design in my country, in addition to the existing inverted and upright roof designs, a sandwich structure design with waterproofing layers both above and below the insulation layer, temporarily classified as an upright structure (see Table 5-1 of the National Building Standard Design Atlas 23J909 "Engineering Practices" compiled by the China Academy of Building Research).
[0003] From the above, all three types of roof insulation layers have leveling and slope-forming layer designs. Furthermore, when using economical block insulation materials such as XPS extruded polystyrene boards and EPS molded polystyrene boards in a non-sealed manner to form the roof insulation layer, all three types of roof insulation layers have the following defects: (1) When using an inverted roof structure design, since the roof fine stone concrete protective layer and the block insulation board insulation layer are both permeable layers, a large amount of water inevitably accumulates in the roof structure layer over a long period; (2) When using a normal roof structure design… When the waterproof layer is in use, it will be subject to the destructive effects of high temperature conduction, rainwater infiltration, wet and dry alternation and freeze-thaw cycles caused by the fine stone concrete protective layer in the upper structure for a long time. Once the waterproof layer fails, a large amount of water will enter and accumulate in the block insulation board insulation layer, leveling layer, slope layer and other structural layers in the lower structure. (3) When a sandwich roof structure design is adopted, once the uppermost waterproof layer fails, a large amount of water will enter and accumulate in the slope layer, leveling layer and block insulation board insulation layer in the lower structure and directly harm the bottom waterproof layer.
[0004] In the above design scheme: the slope layer, leveling layer, and insulation layer are prone to water ingress, and the water cannot be effectively drained from the structural layer. They are also subject to physical and chemical damage caused by long-term water immersion, which will eventually cause the roof waterproofing function to fail and the roof to leak. Secondly, due to the presence of water in the structural layer, and the fact that the thermal conductivity of water is much higher than that of air, the roof insulation performance is very poor.
[0005] In current practical engineering applications, another type of roof insulation layer uses on-site sprayed rigid polyurethane foam instead of block insulation boards as an independent, sealed insulation layer or a waterproof layer. However, because sprayed rigid polyurethane foam is a type of rigid foam plastic with rigid characteristics, it is highly susceptible to delamination from the waterproof layer and the bonding substrate due to structural stress and material shrinkage stress, becoming a water-permeable layer. Secondly, on-site construction of sprayed rigid polyurethane foam involves environmentally unfriendly processes such as the volatilization of foaming agents and other organic matter, the splashing of foaming materials, and the disposal of residual waste, posing significant hazards to construction workers and the environment. Thirdly, the molding quality of on-site sprayed rigid polyurethane foam requires high standards for material ratios, on-site temperature and humidity, the skill level of construction personnel, and the performance of spraying equipment. Furthermore, its homogeneity differs significantly from factory-produced block insulation materials, and its cost is higher compared to XPS extruded polystyrene boards and EPS molded polystyrene boards. The above three issues are also the main reasons why on-site sprayed rigid polyurethane foam insulation layer roofing has not been widely used in accessible roofing projects in my country. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology. Its solution is based on the application of foamed plastic block insulation boards with good thermal insulation performance as the roof insulation layer material. The engineering design goal is to completely eliminate water ingress channels and water-holding spaces in the roof structure layer. By leveraging the advantages of polymer cement waterproofing materials, synthetic polymer waterproof membranes, and synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coatings as the main materials, the roof fine stone concrete is waterproofed. Then, the insulation layer formed by the roof block insulation boards and the underlying waterproof layer are fully sealed. Correspondingly, the slope-finding layer and leveling layer, which pose risks of water absorption and retention, are completely eliminated. This results in a new type of accessible roof structure with good thermal insulation and energy-saving effect, good waterproof reliability, good structural sealing performance, quick construction, good roof durability, and economical cost.
[0007] 1. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The roof structure layer includes a reinforced concrete roof panel (1), a parapet wall (2), a first waterproof layer (3) on the reinforced concrete roof panel and the parapet wall, a second waterproof layer (4) on the first waterproof layer, a parapet wall finishing layer (5) on the outside of the waterproof layer on the parapet wall, a block insulation board insulation layer (6) on the second waterproof layer on the reinforced concrete roof panel, an adhesive sealing layer (7) between the block insulation boards, a third waterproof layer (8) on the block insulation board insulation layer, a waterproof sealing layer (9) at the junction of the third waterproof layer and the parapet wall waterproof layer, an isolation layer (10) on the third waterproof layer, and when the third waterproof layer is selected as a waterproof membrane that can form a reverse adhesion function with the post-poured fine stone concrete protective layer, this structure layer can be eliminated, a fine stone concrete protective layer (11) on the third waterproof layer, and a surface layer (12) on the fine stone concrete protective layer.
[0008] The preferred materials used in each structural layer of the above technical solution are as follows:
[0009] Preferably, the reinforced concrete roof slab is of P6 impermeability grade and is smoothed immediately after being poured.
[0010] Preferably, the first waterproof layer material on the reinforced concrete roof slab is polymer cement waterproof coating, polymer cement waterproof mortar, polymer cement waterproof slurry, or polyurethane waterproof coating.
[0011] Preferably, the parapet wall is a masonry structure, a structure combining masonry and cast-in-place concrete, or a cast-in-place concrete structure.
[0012] Preferably, the second waterproof layer material is a synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coating such as silane-modified polyether waterproof coating, polyurethane waterproof coating, or silicone rubber waterproof coating.
[0013] Preferably, the insulation layer material of the block insulation board is mainly XPS extruded polystyrene board, EPS molded polystyrene board, or rigid foamed polyurethane board with a flat, ungrooved surface and a size ≤600x600mm, but does not include rock wool insulation board, foamed glass and foamed ceramic inorganic material insulation board, or rigid foamed polyurethane sprayed on site.
[0014] Preferably, the adhesive sealing layer material between the block insulation boards is a synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coating or a synthetic polymer weather-resistant sealant with adhesive function.
[0015] Preferably, the parapet wall finish is either a cement mortar finish without an insulation layer or a cement mortar finish with an insulation layer.
[0016] Preferably, the third waterproof layer material is polyethylene-polypropylene composite waterproof membrane, polymer membrane butyl rubber self-adhesive waterproof membrane, TPO thermoplastic elastomer waterproof membrane, PVC polyvinyl chloride waterproof membrane, polymer membrane synthetic resin self-adhesive waterproof membrane, and polymer membrane sand-surface butyl rubber pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane, excluding various asphalt-based waterproof membranes and various asphalt-based or synthetic polymer waterproof coatings.
[0017] Preferably, the isolation layer material is geotextile nonwoven fabric. When the third waterproof layer is a synthetic polymer waterproof membrane with anti-adhesion function, no isolation layer is required.
[0018] Preferably, the waterproof sealing layer material is butyl rubber self-adhesive waterproof tape.
[0019] Preferably, the fine aggregate concrete protective layer material is fine aggregate concrete with a strength of C20 or higher and an embedded steel mesh, and its minimum thickness is not less than 4cm when the building slope is used.
[0020] Preferably, the surface layer is a non-slip tile layer with adhesive mortar or artificial turf; when the surface layer is a non-slip tile layer with adhesive mortar, the adhesive mortar layer can be used for building slope leveling, and its minimum thickness is not less than 2cm. Key innovative points of this utility model:
[0021] 1. By combining a certain thickness of organic block insulation board with low water absorption and good water impermeability, and with the excellent adhesion of synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coatings and weather-resistant sealants, as well as the waterproof properties of waterproof coatings and polymer waterproof materials, a fully sealed waterproof structure layer is formed, consisting of the insulation layer and the two waterproof layers below it. This eliminates the risk and hazard of water ingress and retention in the roof insulation layer and the first and second waterproof layers set on the reinforced concrete roof slab.
[0022] 2. By utilizing the elastic characteristics of synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coatings, the deformation effects of roof structural stress on the insulation layer and the second waterproof layer can be effectively eliminated.
[0023] 3. All independent slope-finding and leveling layer structures with water absorption and retention defects in the roof construction layer have been completely eliminated. Roof slope is achieved through the roof fine stone concrete protective layer and the adjustment of the surface layer thickness.
[0024] 4. By incorporating the fine aggregate concrete reverse bonding waterproofing technology for roofing as one of the applications in this solution, it is easier to achieve the reliability and durability of the roof structure's waterproofing and thermal insulation functions.
[0025] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0026] 1. No heating or open flame is used during construction; the entire process is cold-construction, ensuring construction safety.
[0027] 2. Due to its good sealing performance and excellent thermal insulation and energy-saving performance, it meets the design requirements for ultra-low energy consumption roofs;
[0028] 3. The design of all slope-finding and leveling layers with water absorption and retention defects in the roof structure has been eliminated. This not only effectively reduces the roof load and improves the crack resistance and deformation resistance of the reinforced concrete roof panel, but also reduces the cost of roof materials and labor, reduces the demand for cement and the energy consumption of cement production, saves the construction period, and reduces the risk of leakage.
[0029] 4. Since the roof insulation layer and the waterproof layer below it are fully elastically sealed, the possibility of water entering and accumulating in the structural layer is small, which can reduce the drainage slope of the roof accordingly, and also reduce material and construction costs.
[0030] 5. It is suitable for all regional climate conditions in my country and will completely solve the persistent engineering quality problems of easy leakage, poor thermal insulation and durability of accessible roofs in my country. Attached Figure Description
[0031] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a novel accessible roof structure related to this utility model.
[0032] Figure 1 The 1 in the figure represents the reinforced concrete roof slab.
[0033] Figure 1 The number 2 in the text refers to the parapet wall.
[0034] Figure 1 The number 3 in the text refers to the first waterproof layer.
[0035] Figure 1 The number 4 in the text refers to the second waterproof layer.
[0036] Figure 1 5 in the text refers to the parapet wall finish.
[0037] Figure 1 The number 6 in the figure refers to the block insulation board insulation layer.
[0038] Figure 1 The number 7 in the text refers to the adhesive sealing layer.
[0039] Figure 1 The number 8 in the text indicates the third waterproof layer.
[0040] Figure 1 The number 9 in the text refers to the waterproof sealant layer.
[0041] Figure 1 The 10 in the text refers to the isolation layer.
[0042] Figure 1 11 in the text refers to the fine aggregate concrete protective layer.
[0043] Figure 1 The number 12 in the text refers to the surface layer. Implementation
[0044] The following will refer to the appendix to the specification of this utility model. Figure 1 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] This embodiment is a novel accessible roof structure, including: a reinforced concrete roof slab (1) made of P6 impermeable concrete, which is poured and smoothed immediately; a parapet wall (2) made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete at the bottom, 450mm high, and cast together with the reinforced concrete roof slab in one go, and a combined parapet wall with a masonry structure at the top; a first waterproof layer (3) made of JS type 3 polymer cement waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm; a second waterproof layer (4) made of silane modified polyether waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm, applied in two or more coats; a parapet wall finishing layer (5) made of cement mortar without insulation layer; and a block insulation board insulation layer (6) made of 6cm thick, flat, ungrooved XPS extruded polystyrene board with a size of 600x600mm, with a second waterproof layer applied to the underside of the insulation board and at the junction with the parapet wall. (4) Synchronous bonding construction is carried out; the bonding and sealing layer (7) between XPS extruded polystyrene boards is made of the silane-modified polyether waterproof coating used in the second waterproof layer (4); the third waterproof layer (8) is made of 1.2mm thick PE strong cross-film butyl rubber self-adhesive waterproof membrane and is pasted on the upper surface of XPS extruded polystyrene board; the waterproof sealing layer (9) is made of fiber-backed butyl rubber waterproof tape, and its overlap width with the second waterproof layer (3) and the third waterproof layer (8) on the parapet wall is 10cm; the isolation layer (10) is made of geotextile non-woven fabric; the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) is made of C20 fine stone concrete with built-in steel mesh and a thickness of 4cm; the surface layer (12) is non-slip floor tiles laid with adhesive mortar, the minimum thickness of the adhesive mortar is 2cm, and it is sloped towards the center point of the roof with a slope of 1%.
[0047] Example 2
[0048] This embodiment is a novel accessible roof structure, including: a reinforced concrete roof slab (1) made of P6 impermeable concrete, which is poured and smoothed immediately; a parapet wall (2) with a lower part of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, a height of 450mm, and cast in one piece with the reinforced concrete roof slab, and an upper part of a masonry structure; a first waterproof layer (3) made of polymer cement waterproof mortar with a thickness of 2.0mm; a second waterproof layer (4) made of silicone rubber waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm, applied in two or more coats; a parapet wall finishing layer (5) made of cement mortar without insulation layer; a block insulation board insulation layer (6) made of 6cm thick, flat, ungrooved EPS molded polystyrene board with a size of 600x600mm, the lower surface of the insulation board and the joint with the parapet wall are bonded simultaneously when the second waterproof layer (4) is applied; EPS molded polystyrene The bonding and sealing layer (7) between boards is made of silicone weather-resistant sealant; the third waterproof layer (8) is made of polyethylene polypropylene waterproof membrane with a core material of 0.5mm thickness. The overlap between the polyethylene polypropylene waterproof membranes is bonded with double-sided butyl rubber tape and compacted by roller; the waterproof sealing layer (9) is made of butyl rubber waterproof tape with fiber backing, and the overlap width with the second waterproof layer (4) and the third waterproof layer (8) on the parapet wall is 10cm; the isolation layer (10) is cancelled; the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) is made of C30 fine stone concrete with built-in steel mesh, with a minimum thickness of 4cm, and slopes towards the center of the roof with a slope of 1%. After the fine stone concrete is poured, it forms a reverse bonding waterproof function with the third waterproof layer (8) polyethylene polypropylene waterproof membrane; the surface layer (12) is non-slip floor tiles laid with adhesive mortar, and the thickness of the adhesive mortar is 2cm.
[0049] Example 3
[0050] This embodiment is a novel accessible roof structure, including: a reinforced concrete roof slab (1) made of P6 impermeable concrete, which is poured and smoothed immediately; a parapet wall (2) made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, with the base of the parapet wall and the reinforced concrete roof slab being cast using a one-time molding reverse retaining wall process; a first waterproof layer (3) made of polymer cement waterproof slurry with a thickness of 2.0 mm; a second waterproof layer (4) made of single-component polyurethane waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5 mm, applied in two or more coats; a parapet wall finishing layer (5) made of cement mortar without an insulation layer; and a block insulation board insulation layer (6) made of 8 cm thick, double-sided ungrooved XPS extruded polystyrene board with a size of 600x600 mm, with the lower surface of the insulation board and the joint with the parapet wall coated with the second waterproof layer (4). Simultaneous bonding construction is carried out; the bonding and sealing layer (7) between XPS extruded polystyrene boards is made of polyurethane sealant; the third waterproof layer (8) is made of 1.2mm thick PE strong cross-laminated synthetic resin self-adhesive waterproof membrane and is pasted on the upper surface of XPS extruded polystyrene board, and the surface of the extruded board is coated with interface agent; the waterproof sealing layer (9) is made of fiber-backed butyl rubber waterproof tape, and the overlap width with the second waterproof layer (4) and the third waterproof layer (8) on the parapet wall is 10cm; the isolation layer (10) is made of geotextile non-woven fabric; the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) is made of C20 fine stone concrete, with built-in steel mesh, minimum thickness of 4cm, and sloped towards the center point of the roof with a slope of 1%; the surface layer (12) is high-strength ground repair mortar with a thickness of 0.5cm.
[0051] Example 4
[0052] This embodiment is a novel accessible roof structure, including: a reinforced concrete roof slab (1) made of P6 impermeable concrete, which is poured and smoothed immediately; a parapet wall (2) made of masonry; a first waterproof layer (3) made of single-component polyurethane waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm, applied in two or more coats; a second waterproof layer (4) made of silane-modified polyether waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm, applied in two or more coats, with an additional non-woven fabric layer on both sides of the parapet wall corner, 30cm wide, and the waterproof layer with the additional layer at the parapet wall corner is 2cm thick; a parapet wall finishing layer (5) made of cement mortar finishing layer with insulation layer structure; a block insulation board insulation layer (6) made of 5cm thick, flat, ungrooved polyurethane composite insulation board with cement fiber surface on both sides, 600x600mm in size, with a second waterproof layer applied to the underside of the insulation board and at the junction with the parapet wall. 4) Synchronous bonding construction is carried out; the bonding and sealing layer (7) between polyurethane composite insulation boards is made of the silane-modified polyether waterproof coating used in the second waterproof layer (4); the third waterproof layer (8) is made of 1.5mm thick sand-faced butyl rubber pre-laid reverse adhesive waterproof membrane, and the overlap between the membranes is bonded with double-sided butyl rubber tape and compacted by roller; the waterproof sealing layer (9) is made of fiber-backed butyl rubber waterproof tape, and the overlap width with the second waterproof layer (4) and the third waterproof layer (8) on the parapet wall is 10cm; the isolation layer (10) is cancelled; the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) is made of C30 fine stone concrete, with built-in steel mesh, 4cm thick, and sloped towards the center of the roof with a slope of 1%. When the fine stone concrete is poured, it forms a reverse adhesive waterproof function with the sand-faced butyl rubber pre-laid reverse adhesive waterproof membrane of the third waterproof layer (8); the surface layer (12) is artificial turf.
[0053] Example 5
[0054] This embodiment is a novel accessible roof structure, including: a reinforced concrete roof slab (1) made of P6 impermeable concrete, which is poured and smoothed immediately; a parapet wall (2) made of masonry; a first waterproof layer (3) made of JS type 3 polymer cement waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm; a second waterproof layer (4) made of silane-modified polyether waterproof coating with a thickness of 1.5mm, applied in two or more coats, with an additional non-woven fabric layer on both sides of the parapet wall corner, 30cm wide, and the waterproof layer with the additional layer at the parapet wall corner is 2cm thick; a parapet wall finishing layer (5) made of cement mortar without insulation; and a block insulation board insulation layer (6) made of 5cm thick, flat, ungrooved polyurethane composite insulation board with cement fiber on both sides, 600x600mm in size, with the second layer applied to the underside of the insulation board and at the junction with the parapet wall. The waterproof layer (4) is bonded simultaneously; the bonding and sealing layer (7) between the polyurethane composite insulation boards is made of the silane-modified polyether waterproof coating used in the second waterproof layer (4); the third waterproof layer (8) is made of 1.5mm thick PVC polyvinyl chloride H-type waterproof membrane laid loosely on the polyurethane composite insulation board, and the overlap between the membranes is welded by hot air; the waterproof sealing layer (9) is made of butyl rubber waterproof tape with fiber backing, and the overlap width with the second waterproof layer (4) and the third waterproof layer (8) on the parapet wall is 10cm; the isolation layer (10) is geotextile non-woven fabric; the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) is made of C20 fine stone concrete with built-in steel mesh and a thickness of 4cm; the surface layer (12) is an anti-slip floor tile layer laid with adhesive mortar, the minimum thickness of the adhesive mortar is 2cm, and it is sloped towards the center point of the roof with a slope of 1%.
[0055] The embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, or other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A novel accessible roof structure, characterized in that: The structure includes a reinforced concrete roof slab (1), a parapet wall (2), a first waterproof layer (3) on the reinforced concrete roof slab and the parapet wall, a second waterproof layer (4) on the first waterproof layer, a parapet wall finishing layer (5) on the outside of the waterproof layer on the parapet wall, a block insulation board insulation layer (6) on the second waterproof layer on the reinforced concrete roof slab, an adhesive sealing layer (7) between the block insulation boards, a third waterproof layer (8) on the block insulation board insulation layer, a waterproof sealing layer (9) at the junction of the third waterproof layer and the parapet wall waterproof layer, an isolation layer (10) on the third waterproof layer, a fine stone concrete protective layer (11) on the isolation layer, and a surface layer (12) on the fine stone concrete protective layer.
2. The novel accessible roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials used for the first waterproof layer (3) are polymer cement waterproof coating, polymer waterproof mortar, polymer cement waterproof slurry, and polyurethane waterproof coating.
3. The novel accessible roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the second waterproof layer (4) is a synthetic polymer elastic waterproof coating, including silane-modified polyether waterproof coating, polyurethane waterproof coating, and silicone rubber waterproof coating.
4. The novel accessible roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that; The materials used in the block insulation board insulation layer (6) include XPS extruded polystyrene board, EPS molded polystyrene board, and rigid foamed polyurethane board, but do not include rock wool insulation board, foamed glass and foamed ceramic inorganic material insulation board, or rigid foamed polyurethane sprayed on site.
5. A novel accessible roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the third waterproof layer (8) is only synthetic polymer waterproof membrane, excluding asphalt waterproof membrane and asphalt or synthetic polymer waterproof coating; when synthetic polymer waterproof membrane with anti-adhesion function is used, no isolation layer (10) is set.
6. The novel accessible roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the fine stone concrete protective layer (11) and the surface layer (12) can be sloped according to the design requirements.