Water conservancy and hydropower dike slope protection structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of dike slope protection structures, in particular to a water conservancy and hydropower dike slope protection structure. Comprising a foundation reinforcing layer arranged on a slope surface, a buffer drainage layer is arranged at the top of the foundation reinforcing layer, a soil layer is arranged at the top of the buffer drainage layer, a concrete grid is arranged at the top of the soil layer, plants are arranged in the concrete grid, and the foundation reinforcing layer comprises geogrids. Every two adjacent geogrids are connected through a connecting piece, the connecting pieces are fixed to the slope surface, and criss-cross drainage blind pipes are arranged in the buffering drainage layer. According to the dike slope protection structure, the anti-scouring capacity of the slope can be enhanced, and meanwhile the ecological environment protection function is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of dike slope protection structure, and in particular to a dike slope protection structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, embankment slopes are subjected to long-term erosion by water flow, rainwater, and weathering, making them prone to slope collapse and soil loss, severely impacting the stability and safety of the embankments. Traditional protective methods have revealed their respective shortcomings in addressing these challenges. Taking simple masonry slope protection as an example, while the hard stone masonry and cement mortar provide a relatively solid physical barrier, its fatal flaw lies in its near-airtightness. This extremely poor aeration completely blocks the normal exchange between the slope soil and the outside air. Microorganisms in the soil are restricted in their activity due to lack of oxygen, vegetation struggles to take root and grow, and the construction of an ecosystem becomes impossible, resulting in a lack of vitality and susceptibility to ecological function on the entire slope.

[0003] In contrast, vegetation slope protection, designed with eco-friendly principles in mind, aims to create a green and ecological protective effect by utilizing the anchoring effect of vegetation roots on the soil and the buffering function of the vegetation canopy to intercept rainwater. However, unfortunately, when rainfall is heavy, the delicate root system of vegetation often cannot withstand the strong drag of the water flow, causing the root base to loosen and failing to effectively resist the erosion of the slope, thus greatly reducing the protective effect.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dike slope protection structure that can both enhance the slope's resistance to erosion and take into account its ecological and environmental protection functions. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a slope protection structure for water conservancy and hydropower dikes. This protection structure can enhance the slope's resistance to erosion and also has ecological and environmental protection functions.

[0006] This utility model provides a slope protection structure for a water conservancy and hydropower embankment, including a foundation reinforcement layer set on the slope, a buffer drainage layer on top of the foundation reinforcement layer, a soil layer on top of the buffer drainage layer, a concrete grid on the soil layer, and plants in the concrete grid. The foundation reinforcement layer includes a geogrid, and two adjacent geogrids are connected by connectors, which are fixed on the slope. The buffer drainage layer has crisscrossing drainage blind pipes inside.

[0007] Furthermore, the material of the buffer drainage layer is porous concrete.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil layers, from top to bottom, consist of a humus layer, a mixed layer, and a sand and gravel layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the connector includes a base plate and a pressure plate. The base plate has multiple anchor rods spaced apart on its side wall near the slope. The base plate has multiple protrusions symmetrically arranged along its length on its side wall away from the anchor rods. The edge of the geogrid is fitted onto the protrusions. The pressure plate is located on top of the geogrid and is connected to the base plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the edge of the geogrid is provided with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is provided with multiple connecting holes. The connecting plate is fitted onto the protrusion through the connecting holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the connecting plate has a toothed protrusion on its side wall near the pressure plate, and the pressure plate has a toothed groove that mates with the toothed protrusion.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressure plate is bolted or snapped to the base plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure plate is snapped into the base plate, and the pressure plate has an insert block on its side wall near the base plate. The base plate has multiple slots, and the insert block can be inserted into the slots.

[0014] Furthermore, the anchor rod has barbs on its surface.

[0015] Furthermore, a water inlet channel is provided at the bottom of the slope, and the drainage blind pipe is connected to the water inlet channel.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] The technical solution provided by this utility model involves attaching a foundation reinforcement layer to the slope surface, using a combination of geogrid and connectors to enhance soil stability, prevent shallow landslides, and lay a solid foundation for the entire protection system. A buffer drainage layer is installed above the foundation reinforcement layer, with internal drainage blind pipes distributed in a grid pattern to quickly divert rainwater from the slope, reducing rainwater erosion and buffering the impact energy of water flow. A concrete grid is then installed on the soil layer, and plants are planted within the concrete grid, which not only enhances the aesthetics of the slope but also prevents soil erosion. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the protective structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view of the protective structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the geogrid structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the connector in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a side view of the connection between the geogrid and the base plate in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a side view of the protective structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the connector in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a side view of the connection between the geogrid and the connector in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Slope; 2-Foundation reinforcement layer; 201-Geogrid; 2011-Connecting plate; 2012-Connecting hole; 202-Bottom plate; 2021-First threaded hole; 2022-Protrusion; 2023-Slot; 203-Pressure plate; 2031-Groove; 2032-Second threaded hole; 2033-Insertion block; 2034-Toothed groove; 204-Anchor bolt; 2041-Barb; 3-Buffer drainage layer; 301-Drainage blind pipe; 4-Soil layer; 401-Humus layer; 402-Mixed layer; 403-Sand and gravel layer; 5-Concrete grid; 6-Plant; 7-Water diversion channel. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A slope protection structure for hydraulic and hydropower embankments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the structure includes a slope 1, a foundation reinforcement layer 2 on the slope surface of the slope 1, a buffer drainage layer 3 on top of the foundation reinforcement layer 2, a soil layer 4 on top of the buffer drainage layer 3, a concrete grid 5 on the soil layer 4, and plants 6 planted in the concrete grid 5.

[0033] The foundation reinforcement layer 2 includes geogrid 201, such as Figure 3 As shown, the geogrid 201 has connecting plates 2011 on both sides. The connecting plates 2011 have multiple connecting holes 2012 at equal intervals along the length direction. The geogrid 201 in this utility model is made of high-strength, aging-resistant polyethylene. The tensile strength, elongation at break and mesh size can be selected according to the actual construction requirements. The connecting plates 2011 and the geogrid 201 are integrally formed.

[0034] Two adjacent geogrids 201 are connected by connectors, such as Figure 4As shown, the connector includes a base plate 202 and a pressure plate 203. Multiple anchor rods 204, fixed to the slope, are spaced at intervals along the centerline of the bottom of the base plate 202. Multiple barbs 2041 are provided on the surface of the anchor rods 204, which are fixedly connected to the base plate 202. Multiple protrusions 2022 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the base plate 202 along its extension direction. The number of protrusions 2022 corresponds to the number of connecting holes 2012 in the connecting plate 2011. Multiple grooves 2031 corresponding to the protrusions 2022 are provided on opposite sides of the pressure plate 203. In use, the base plate 202 is fixed to the slope using the anchor rods 204, and then the connecting holes 2012 of the connecting plate 2011 are directly fitted onto the protrusions 2022 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown, the pressure plate 203 is placed above the connecting plate 2011 and pressed down forcefully, so that the protrusion 2022 on the base plate 202 fits precisely into the groove 2031 of the pressure plate 203. The connecting plate 2011 is then pressed between the base plate 202 and the pressure plate 203, completing the installation of the geogrid 201. Multiple first threaded holes 2021 are provided on the top centerline of the base plate 202, and second threaded holes 2032 corresponding to the first threaded holes 2021 are provided through the pressure plate 203. The pressure plate 203 and the base plate 202 are connected by bolts. The thickness of the pressure plate 203 is slightly less than the height of the protrusion 2022. When the pressure plate 203 is pressed against the top of the connecting plate 2011, the top of the pressure plate 203 is as flush as possible with the top of the protrusion 2022.

[0035] The geogrid 201 located at both edges of the slope can be a base plate 202 with a protrusion 2022 on one side and a pressure plate 203 with a groove 2031 on one side, or it can be fixed only with anchor rods. To enhance connection stability, a certain number of anchor rods can be installed in the middle of the geogrid 201 as needed.

[0036] Two adjacent geogrids 201 are connected by connectors, which is simple to operate. Compared with the traditional method of fixing with anchor rods alone, it reduces the number of anchor rods used and greatly improves construction efficiency. The bottom plate 202 of the connector is fixed to the slope with the help of multiple anchor rods 204, which provides strong anchoring force, so that the geogrid 201 is firmly rooted, fundamentally enhancing the integrity of the slope soil, resisting the risk of shallow soil sliding, and laying a solid foundation for the entire protective structure.

[0037] The buffer drainage layer 3 is made of porous concrete and is poured using conventional construction methods in this field. Porous concrete is composed of aggregates, cement, reinforcing agents, and water. The coarse aggregates are coated with a layer of cement slurry, which binds them together to form a honeycomb structure with uniformly distributed pores, resulting in high permeability and high load-bearing capacity. During the pouring of the porous concrete, drainage blind pipes 301 are laid simultaneously. These pipes are crisscrossed and interconnected. A water inlet channel 7 is located at the bottom of the slope 1, and the outlets of the longitudinally arranged drainage blind pipes 301 are connected to the water inlet channel 7.

[0038] Plants are planted in soil layer 4, and a concrete grid 5 is set on top of soil layer 4. The concrete grid 5 can be designed in square, arch, honeycomb, or other shapes as needed. The concrete grid 5 can protect the plants 6 and also play a certain role in dispersing and buffering slope runoff. When rainwater falls on the slope, some of the rainwater will be slowed down and its flow direction will be changed by the grid, thereby reducing the scouring capacity of the slope runoff.

[0039] The construction process of the hydraulic and hydropower embankment slope protection structure provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0040] (1) During the construction preparation stage, the slope of the embankment is carefully repaired, loose soil and debris are thoroughly removed, slope parameters are accurately measured, and the amount of each material and the laying points are determined according to the design.

[0041] (2) Construction of the base reinforcement layer 2: Drill holes at the designed spacing, with the hole diameter being 12-16 mm larger than the anchor rod 204. Insert the anchor rod 204 of the base plate 202 into the hole and fix it with cement mortar. Fit the connecting hole 2012 on the connecting plate 2011 of the geogrid 201 onto the protrusion 2022, flatten the geogrid 201, and tension it appropriately to make it tight and work closely with the protrusion 2022. After installing the geogrid 201 on both sides of each base plate 202, place the pressure plate 203 and fix the pressure plate 203 to the base plate 202 with bolts.

[0042] (3) Construction of buffer drainage layer 3: pour porous permeable concrete and lay drainage blind pipe 301 simultaneously.

[0043] (4) Soil layer 4 construction: Soil is laid on the surface of buffer drainage layer 3. The thickness of soil layer 4 is determined according to plant species and design requirements.

[0044] (5) Cast concrete grid 5. Cast concrete grid 5 on site using molds according to design requirements.

[0045] (6) Planting plants 6. Planting seeds or transplanting plants in each concrete grid 5 according to design requirements and performing regular maintenance.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A slope protection structure for hydraulic and hydropower embankments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, except that: (1) the soil layer 4 in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1; (2) the connection method of the bottom plate 202 and the pressure plate 203 is different from that in embodiment 1.

[0048] In this embodiment, the soil layer 4 consists of, from top to bottom, a humus layer 401, a mixed layer 402, and a gravel layer 403. The mixed layer 402 is a mixture of clay and organic fertilizer. The humus layer 401 serves as a direct source of nutrients for plant growth. Humus is a complex organic compound formed by the decomposition and transformation of organic matter by microorganisms, containing a large amount of essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The mixed layer 402, a mixture of clay and organic fertilizer, improves the structure of the clay itself. Pure clay often has the disadvantages of high viscosity, poor aeration, and easy compaction. After adding organic fertilizer, the organic matter in the fertilizer can fill the gaps between clay particles, making the soil structure more loose. At the same time, organic acids and other substances produced during the decomposition of organic matter can react with clay particles, increasing the agglomeration of clay particles, thereby improving soil aeration and permeability. This provides good support for the upper humus layer 401, preventing the upper soil from collapsing, and is conducive to the extension and growth of plant roots in this layer. The gravel layer 403 has a large particle size and porosity, which provides drainage and aeration. When rainwater or irrigation water seeps into the soil, it will quickly pass through the humus layer 401 and the mixed layer 402, and then be quickly drained away in the gravel layer 403, effectively preventing soil water accumulation and avoiding plant roots from rotting due to lack of oxygen caused by prolonged immersion in water.

[0049] In this embodiment, the pressure plate 203 and the base plate 202 are snapped together, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the top of the base plate 202 has multiple cylindrical slots 2023 spaced apart along the center line. The bottom of the pressure plate 203 has multiple cylindrical inserts 2033 corresponding to the slots 2023. In use, the inserts 2033 are directly inserted into the slots 2023, with an interference fit between the inserts 2033 and the slots 2023. The pressure plate 203 and the base plate 202 are interlocked, making operation more convenient, greatly reducing construction time, and improving construction efficiency.

[0050] Meanwhile, the contact point between the connecting plate 2011 of the geogrid 201 and the pressure plate 203 is serrated, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the bottom edge of the pressure plate 203 is provided with a toothed groove 2034, and the top of the connecting plate 2011 is provided with a toothed protrusion. When the pressure plate 203 is pressed on the top of the connecting plate 2011, the toothed protrusion of the connecting plate 2011 is embedded in the toothed groove 2034 of the pressure plate 203, which increases the connection stability between the pressure plate 203 and the connecting plate 2011.

[0051] The slope protection structure for hydraulic and hydropower embankments provided by this utility model has the following characteristics:

[0052] Foundation reinforcement: The use of geogrids and connectors can effectively bind soil particles on the slope and prevent them from loosening and shifting.

[0053] Multi-layered synergistic reinforcement: From the basic reinforcement layer to the buffer drainage layer, the soil layer, and then to the protective layer composed of concrete grid and plants, each layer is stacked on top of the others, with each layer functioning in coordination. The porous concrete structure of the buffer drainage layer, combined with the crisscrossing drainage blind pipes inside, not only drains water and reduces pressure, but also provides its own strength to help support the upper structure. The multi-layered soil layer not only meets the needs of plants at different stages of growth for nutrients, water, and aeration, but also further stabilizes the slope due to its own weight and adhesion to the lower layers. The concrete grid, combined with the plant root system, strengthens the slope's resistance to erosion, ensuring the long-term stability of the slope from multiple perspectives.

[0054] Drainage system optimization: The buffer drainage layer uses porous concrete with built-in blind drainage pipes. This design can quickly collect rainwater from the slope. The porous structure increases the contact area between rainwater and the drainage layer, accelerating the infiltration rate, while the blind drainage pipes provide a fast outlet for rainwater, allowing rainwater to drain away from the slope in a timely manner, reducing rainwater soaking time and lowering the risk of rainwater erosion. A water diversion channel is installed at the bottom of the slope to ensure that the discharged rainwater flows out in an orderly manner, preventing water accumulation on the slope.

[0055] The soil layers are rationally designed: the soil consists of a humus layer, a clay and organic fertilizer mixture layer, and a sand and gravel layer, providing comprehensive support for plant growth throughout the entire process. The humus layer is rich in organic matter, loose and well-aerated, which is conducive to seed germination and seedling root development; the clay and organic fertilizer mixture layer provides a stable nutrient supply during the middle stage of plant growth, ensuring robust plant growth; the sand and gravel layer has good water permeability and aeration, preventing waterlogging that could lead to root rot due to oxygen deficiency. This layered structure precisely meets the soil conditions required by plants at different growth stages.

[0056] High ease of construction: The connector structure is ingeniously designed. The protrusions on the base plate facilitate the quick insertion and positioning of the geogrid. There are various connection methods between the pressure plate and the base plate. For example, the bolt connection is reliable and stable, and is suitable for projects with high strength requirements. The snap-fit ​​method (the combination of the insert and the slot) is simple and quick to operate, which can greatly improve the construction efficiency. Construction personnel can choose flexibly according to the actual working conditions. In large-scale dike construction projects, it can effectively shorten the construction period.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A water conservancy and hydropower embankment slope protection structure, characterized in that, The application relates to a slope surface reinforcing structure, which comprises a foundation reinforcing layer (2) arranged on a slope surface, a buffer drainage layer (3) arranged on the top of the foundation reinforcing layer (2), a soil layer (4) arranged on the top of the buffer drainage layer (3), and a concrete grid (5) arranged on the soil layer (4), wherein plants (6) are arranged in the concrete grid (5), the foundation reinforcing layer (2) comprises geogrids (201), two adjacent geogrids (201) are connected through connecting pieces, the connecting pieces are fixed on the slope surface, and the buffer drainage layer (3) is internally provided with longitudinally and transversely intersected drainage blind pipes (301).

2. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the buffer drainage layer (3) is porous concrete.

3. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil layer (4) comprises, from top to bottom, a humus soil layer (401), a mixed layer (402) and a sand and stone layer (403).

4. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting piece comprises a bottom plate (202) and a pressing plate (203), a plurality of anchor rods (204) are arranged on the side wall of the bottom plate (202) close to the slope surface in a spaced mode, a plurality of protrusions (2022) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the bottom plate (202) away from the anchor rods (204) along the length direction, and the edges of the geogrids (201) are sleeved on the protrusions (2022); the pressing plate (203) is arranged on the top of the geogrids (201), and the pressing plate (203) is connected with the bottom plate (202).

5. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The edges of the geogrids (201) are provided with connecting plates (2011), a plurality of connecting holes (2012) are arranged on the connecting plates (2011), and the connecting plates (2011) are sleeved on the protrusions (2022) through the connecting holes (2012).

6. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side wall of the connecting plate (2011) close to the pressing plate (203) is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, and the pressing plate (203) is provided with a tooth-shaped groove (2034) matched with the tooth-shaped protrusion.

7. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pressing plate (203) is bolt-connected or clamped with the bottom plate (202).

8. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressing plate (203) is clamped with the bottom plate (202), a plurality of insertion blocks (2033) are arranged on the side wall of the pressing plate (203) close to the bottom plate (202), and a plurality of insertion grooves (2023) are arranged on the bottom plate (202), and the insertion blocks (2033) can be inserted into the insertion grooves (2023).

9. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the anchor rod (204) is provided with a barb (2041).

10. The hydraulic embankment slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the slope surface is provided with a water diversion groove (7), and the drainage blind pipes (301) are communicated with the water diversion groove (7).

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