Automatic aligning device for brush carrier ball bearing

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of coaxiality detection of a motor carbon brush holder, in particular to an automatic aligning device for a brush holder ball bearing, which comprises a base provided with a positioning groove for embedding a brush holder, and the center of the positioning groove is provided with a center hole; the automatic aligning assembly comprises an automatic aligning pair which can move relative to the plane of the base in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction; the shaft sleeve is fixedly arranged on the automatic aligning pair; the ejector rod penetrates through the shaft sleeve, the upper end of the ejector rod extends out of the shaft sleeve, and the shaft sleeve is inserted into the center hole and is in clearance fit with the center hole; during detection, the carbon brush holder is mounted in the positioning groove, the ejector rod is inserted into the bearing of the carbon brush holder, and the automatic aligning pair moves and aligns relative to the plane of the base in the X-axis and Y-axis directions based on the center of the bearing. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, high aligning precision and capability of reducing detection errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coaxiality detection of motor carbon brush holders, and in particular to an automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of coaxiality testing of motor brush holders, existing technologies mainly employ the direct bearing coaxiality measurement method. This involves directly measuring the coaxiality of the inner and outer rings of the bearing using a high-precision sensor. However, it is crucial to strictly ensure the coincidence of the measurement reference with the bearing axis. In practice, due to the influence of bearing oscillation and clamping deformation, the detection error is significant, and specialized operators are required to adjust the measurement posture, resulting in high process complexity. The direct measurement method relies on high-precision equipment and manual operation, leading to high overall costs and significant interference from bearing oscillation characteristics.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings, which has the advantages of simple structure, high self-aligning accuracy, and reduced detection errors.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides an automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0007] An automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings, characterized in that it comprises:

[0008] The base has a positioning groove for mounting the brush holder, and a center hole is provided at the center of the positioning groove;

[0009] Automatic centering components, including:

[0010] The self-aligning joint is capable of moving relative to the base plane in the X and Y axis directions;

[0011] The O-sleeve is fixedly mounted on the self-aligning pair;

[0012] The top rod passes through the bushing and extends out of the bushing at its upper end;

[0013] The bushing is inserted into the center hole and has a clearance fit with the center hole;

[0014] During testing, the carbon brush holder is installed in the positioning slot, and the push rod is inserted into the bearing of the carbon brush holder. The self-aligning pair is self-aligned by moving the bearing center relative to the base plane in the X and Y axis directions.

[0015] Furthermore, this application also proposes that a spring is provided on the self-aligning pair, the spring supporting the push rod upward, so that the push rod is inserted into the bearing of the carbon brush holder.

[0016] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the top opening of the bushing is provided with a retaining ring;

[0017] The top rod has steps on its shaft;

[0018] The retaining ring and the step together limit the movement range of the push rod. When the step presses against the retaining ring, the maximum distance the push rod extends is L. max .

[0019] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the base includes a base and a positioning frame, the positioning frame being fixed above the base, and the positioning groove being formed on the positioning frame.

[0020] Furthermore, this application also proposes that a baffle is formed upward in the middle of the positioning frame, and the baffle forms a positioning groove.

[0021] Furthermore, this application also proposes that a notch be provided on one side of the positioning groove for placing the connector on the carbon brush holder outside the positioning groove.

[0022] Furthermore, this application also proposes that a cavity is formed between the base of the base and the positioning frame, and an automatic self-aligning pair is disposed inside the cavity.

[0023] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the automatic self-aligning pair includes a self-aligning base plate; the lower end surface of the self-aligning base plate is provided with a plurality of first rolling components that contact the base; and the upper end surface of the self-aligning base plate is provided with a plurality of second rolling components that contact the lower end surface of the positioning frame.

[0024] Furthermore, this application also proposes that four sets of rolling components are provided on both the upper and lower end surfaces of the self-aligning base plate, respectively located at the four corners of the self-aligning base plate.

[0025] Furthermore, this application also proposes that each set of rolling components includes a rolling adjustment seat and balls embedded in the rolling adjustment seat; a portion of the spherical surface of the balls is exposed and makes rolling contact with the base or positioning frame.

[0026] As can be seen from the above, the automatic self-aligning device and its components for brush holder ball bearings provided in this application solve the error problem caused by clamping deformation or bearing oscillation in traditional testing by automatically aligning the bearing center by moving the self-aligning pair in the X and Y axis directions. It has the advantages of simple structure, high self-aligning accuracy and reduced testing error. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an automatic self-aligning device for a brush holder ball bearing provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 2 The present application provides a schematic diagram of the carbon brush holder installed on the automatic self-aligning device for the brush holder ball bearing.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an automatic self-aligning device for a brush holder ball bearing provided in this application.

[0030] Figure 4 A 3D diagram of the automatic centering component Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 5 A 3D diagram of the automatic centering component Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly defined.

[0035] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] Traditional methods for detecting the coaxiality of motor brush holders, such as the direct bearing coaxiality measurement method, rely on strict alignment between the sensor and the bearing axis, with the reference overlap error required to be controlled within the micrometer range. However, the inherent oscillation characteristics of the bearing and the deformation generated during clamping can cause the measurement reference to shift, specifically manifesting as a systematic deviation between the sensor-received signal and the actual axis position. This leads to accumulated detection errors, directly affecting the assessment of brush holder assembly quality. Furthermore, this problem necessitates repeated adjustments to the measurement posture during the inspection process, significantly increasing process complexity and demanding higher skill levels from operators, thus driving up overall costs.

[0038] For example, in a batch inspection scenario for motor brush holders, after the brush holder is fixed to the inspection platform by a fixture, its bearing, affected by its own rotational degree of freedom, experiences planar oscillation in an unconstrained state, with the oscillation amplitude exceeding the sensor's measurement range threshold. During clamping, uneven distribution of clamping force causes localized plastic deformation of the brush holder, resulting in a misalignment of the bearing axis from its theoretical position. The operator needs to repeatedly correct the measurement reference using a fine-tuning mechanism, but due to the dynamic oscillation characteristics of the bearing, residual deviations still exist in the corrected reference. Under these conditions, the coaxiality measurement value exhibits periodic fluctuations, and the repeatability of the test results is lower than the process requirements.

[0039] If the above issues are not addressed, the testing system will be unable to reliably acquire accurate coaxiality data, leading to an increased false positive rate for qualified products. When bearing axis misalignment is not compensated for, abnormal wear occurs after the carbon brush holder is assembled, directly impacting the motor's lifespan. Furthermore, the manual intervention process for adjusting the measurement benchmark will prolong the single-piece testing cycle, limiting the optimization potential of the production line. More seriously, the systematic errors caused by measurement benchmark drift are difficult to eliminate through subsequent data processing, ultimately leading to a decrease in the reliability of the testing system. This forces companies to adopt higher-precision testing equipment to compensate for errors, creating a vicious cycle of increased costs.

[0040] Faced with the aforementioned problems, this application first recognizes that the fundamental cause of error accumulation lies in the dual dependence of traditional detection methods on manual adjustment and sensor accuracy. Specifically, bearing oscillation causes dynamic reference offset, while clamping deformation induces static reference deviation; the superposition of these two factors makes the measurement reference unstable. Therefore, exploring how to combine an automatic reference compensation mechanism with a brush holder positioning structure becomes a key direction. For example, designing a floating support structure that allows the detection component to adapt to the bearing axis can eliminate the need for manual adjustment. However, existing floating mechanisms mostly use elastic elements, whose reset characteristics may interfere with self-aligning accuracy. Further analysis reveals that integrating a planar sliding pair into the positioning base and transmitting self-aligning displacement through a rigid push rod can achieve dynamic reference following while avoiding errors caused by elastic deformation. The clearance control of the planar sliding pair directly affects the compensation accuracy, while the rigid contact between the push rod and the bearing effectively transmits the actual axis position. Ultimately, an adaptive measurement reference system was constructed by linking the base positioning constraint with the self-aligning component.

[0041] In this regard, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment proposes an automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings, comprising:

[0042] -Base 1, the base 1 is provided with a positioning groove 101 for mounting the brush holder, and a center hole 102 is provided at the center of the positioning groove 101;

[0043] - Automatic centering components, including:

[0044] - The self-aligning joint 2 is capable of moving relative to the plane of the base 1 in the X and Y axis directions;

[0045] - Bushing 3, fixedly mounted on the self-aligning pair 2;

[0046] - Top rod 4, which is inserted into bushing 3 and extends out of bushing 3 at its upper end;

[0047] -The bushing 3 is inserted into the center hole 102 and has a clearance fit with the center hole 102;

[0048] During testing, the carbon brush holder 5 is installed in the positioning groove 101, and the push rod 4 is inserted into the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5. The automatic self-aligning pair 2 moves relative to the plane of the base 1 in the X and Y directions based on the center of the bearing 501.

[0049] Among them, the base 1 refers to the structural component that supports and positions the entire device. Specifically, it can be formed by machining cast iron or aluminum alloy. An internal positioning groove 101 is provided for embedding the carbon brush holder 5 to ensure that the carbon brush holder 5 maintains a stable posture during the testing process. Its function is to eliminate the positioning reference offset caused by clamping deformation.

[0050] The positioning groove 101 refers to the recessed structure on the base 1 used to accommodate the carbon brush holder 5. Its outline shape matches the outer outline of the carbon brush holder 5. By constraining the horizontal displacement of the carbon brush holder 5, it ensures that its installation position is coaxial with the center hole 102, thereby reducing the initial positioning error.

[0051] The central hole 102 refers to a circular through hole set in the center of the base 1. The hole diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the bushing 3, allowing the bushing 3 to make a slight translation within the hole, providing physical space for the X / Y axis movement of the self-aligning pair 2, and enabling the push rod 4 to make adaptive adjustments according to the actual position of the bearing 501.

[0052] Among them, the self-aligning pair 2 refers to a mechanical component that can move in the X and Y axis directions. Specifically, it can adopt a sliding pair or ball guide structure to realize the planar movement function. By dynamically tracking the center offset of bearing 501, the measurement reference deviation caused by bearing swing is eliminated.

[0053] Among them, bushing 3 refers to a cylindrical sleeve fixed on the self-aligning pair 2. It can be made of quenched steel. Its inner hole is clearance-fitted with the push rod 4, and its outer wall is clearance-fitted with the center hole 102. It not only transmits the self-aligning displacement but also restricts the radial swing of the push rod 4, ensuring the guiding accuracy of the axial movement of the push rod 4.

[0054] Among them, the push rod 4 refers to a slender cylindrical component, which can be made of hard alloy material. The upper end is inserted into the inner ring of the bearing 501 to form a conical surface contact, and the lower end is supported by the spring 6 to generate a preload force. During the test, it forms a tight contact with the inner hole of the bearing 501 and serves as the physical carrier of the measurement reference. Its position changes with the adjustment of the automatic self-aligning pair 2 to ensure that the reference axis dynamically coincides with the actual axis of the bearing 501.

[0055] Among them, clearance fit refers to the radial clearance of 0.05-0.1mm between the outer wall of bushing 3 and the central hole 102. This can be achieved through tolerance fit design, which allows bushing 3 to move slightly in the hole to compensate for offset, while limiting mechanical interference caused by excessive offset, thus balancing the self-aligning freedom and structural stability.

[0056] Dynamic adjustment refers to the automatic self-aligning pair 2 changing its position in real time according to the contact state between the push rod 4 and the bearing 501. Specifically, it can be driven by a force feedback mechanism or a displacement sensor to ensure that the axis of the push rod 4 is always aligned with the true center of the bearing 501, continuously compensating for the combined deviation caused by clamping deformation and bearing oscillation.

[0057] The core innovation of this application lies in the synergistic effect of the positioning structure of the base 1 and the automatic self-aligning component, which enables dynamic calibration of the measurement reference during the testing process. When the carbon brush holder 5 is installed, the offset force generated when the push rod 4 is inserted into the inner hole of the bearing 501 drives the planar movement of the automatic self-aligning pair 2. The clearance fit of the bushing 3 within the center hole 102 allows the push rod 4 to freely adjust its position, enabling the testing reference to automatically track the actual axis of the bearing 501. This active self-aligning mechanism eliminates the effects of clamping deformation and bearing oscillation without manual intervention, controlling the measurement reference deviation within ±5μm, reducing the error by 75% compared to traditional methods. It also eliminates the need for high-precision positioning fixtures and manual adjustment steps, significantly improving testing efficiency and reducing overall costs.

[0058] The working process and principle of this application are as follows: A positioning groove 101 for mounting the brush holder is provided on the base 1, and a center hole 102 is provided at the center of the positioning groove 101. The self-aligning assembly includes a self-aligning pair 2, a bushing 3, and a push rod 4. The self-aligning pair 2 can move relative to the plane of the base 1 in the X and Y axis directions. The bushing 3 is fixedly mounted on the self-aligning pair 2, and the push rod 4 passes through the bushing 3 with its upper end extending out of the bushing 3. The bushing 3 is inserted into the center hole 102 and has a clearance fit with the center hole 102. During testing, the carbon brush holder 5 is installed in the positioning groove 101. The push rod 4 is inserted into the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5. The self-aligning pair 2 moves and aligns relative to the plane of the base 1 in the X and Y axis directions based on the center of the bearing 501. The positioning groove 101 of the base 1 constrains the installation posture of the carbon brush holder 5, and the center hole 102 provides floating space for the bushing 3. The planar movement characteristic of the self-aligning pair 2 allows the push rod 4 to follow the actual axis offset of the bearing 501. The self-aligning displacement is transmitted through the clearance-fitted bushing 3, thus eliminating the influence of clamping deformation and bearing sway on the measurement reference. The direct insertion of the push rod 4 into the bearing 501 eliminates the need for manual adjustment of the measurement reference. Utilizing the displacement compensation mechanism of the self-aligning pair 2, the detection reference is always automatically aligned with the axis of the bearing 501. The self-aligning pair 2 can move in the X and Y axes, achieving dynamic tracking of the center position of the bearing 501. The clearance fit between the bushing 3 and the center hole 102 provides the necessary floating space, making the self-aligning process more flexible. The insertion of the push rod 4 into the bearing 501 ensures direct contact with the axis of the bearing 501, improving self-aligning accuracy.

[0059] In use, the carbon brush holder 5 is placed into the positioning groove 101 of the base 1. The upper end of the push rod 4 is inserted into the center of the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5. The self-aligning pair 2 drives the bushing 3 and the push rod 4 to move in the X and Y axis directions until the push rod 4 is aligned with the center of the bearing 501. At this time, the position of the push rod 4 in the self-aligning pair 2 reflects the actual center position of the bearing 501. By measuring the position change of the self-aligning pair 2, the coaxiality data of the bearing 501 can be obtained. Through the above scheme, this application realizes the automatic alignment of the ball bearing of the carbon brush holder 5. The positioning groove 101 structure of the base 1 ensures the consistency of the placement position of the carbon brush holder 5. The planar movement capability of the self-aligning pair 2, combined with the clearance fit between the bushing 3 and the center hole 102, enables the push rod 4 to dynamically follow the actual axial position of the bearing 501. This design eliminates the influence of clamping deformation and bearing sway on the measurement reference, avoiding the step of manually adjusting the measurement reference. The automatic alignment mechanism ensures that the detection reference is always automatically aligned with the axis of the bearing 501, improving the accuracy and reliability of coaxiality detection. This device simplifies the testing process, reduces the skill requirements for operators, and helps improve testing efficiency and reduce overall costs.

[0060] Furthermore, this application proposes that the self-aligning pair 2 is equipped with a spring 6, which supports the push rod 4 upwards, allowing the push rod 4 to be inserted into the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5. The spring 6 is positioned between the self-aligning pair 2 and the push rod 4, with its axis collinear with the axis of the push rod 4, and its elastic force direction perpendicular to the plane of the base 1. Specifically, the elastic force of the spring 6 is transmitted to the push rod 4 through the bushing 3, causing the upper end of the push rod 4 to continuously press against the inner ring of the bearing 501 with a contact pressure of 0.5-1.2N. During the alignment process, when the self-aligning pair 2 moves the bushing 3 in the XY plane, the spring 6 compensates for the axial positional deviation between the push rod 4 and the bearing 501 through elastic deformation. Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of insufficient contact between the push rod 4 and the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5 by providing a spring 6 on the self-aligning pair 2 to support the push rod 4 upwards. Spring 6 provides continuous and stable axial support, ensuring that the push rod 4 remains tightly engaged with the bearing 501, preventing gaps caused by gravity or loose engagement. Simultaneously, the elastic properties of spring 6 allow the push rod 4 to adaptively adjust to changes in the position of the bearing 501 during self-alignment, maintaining engagement stability without affecting the planar movement freedom of the automatic self-aligning pair 2. This design, through a combination of mechanical constraints and dynamic compensation, improves self-alignment accuracy and detection reliability, providing a fundamental guarantee for high-precision detection in the automatic self-aligning device.

[0061] In a further embodiment, this application proposes that the top opening of the bushing 3 is provided with a retaining ring 301; the rod body of the push rod 4 is provided with a step 401; the retaining ring 301 and the step 401 cooperate to limit the movement range of the push rod 4, and when the step 401 presses against the retaining ring 301, the maximum extension distance of the push rod 4 is Lmax. Specifically, after the carbon brush holder 5 is installed into the positioning groove 101, the spring 6 continuously pushes the push rod 4 upward, so that the upper end of its rod body is inserted into the inner hole of the bearing 501. When the push rod 4 moves upward to Lmax, the outer surface of the step 401 contacts the inner wall of the retaining ring 301 to form a rigid block, at which point the push rod 4 cannot extend further. The specific implementation of this application is as follows: the top opening of the bushing 3 is provided with a retaining ring 301, which can be fixed to the top of the bushing 3 by threaded connection or welding. The rod body of the push rod 4 is provided with a step 401, which can be formed by machining. The retaining ring 301 and the step 401 cooperate to limit the movement range of the push rod 4. When the step 401 presses against the retaining ring 301, the maximum extension distance of the push rod 4 is Lmax. For example, the inner diameter of the retaining ring 301 can be designed to be slightly larger than the diameter of the push rod 4 body, but smaller than the outer diameter of the step 401. During the upward movement of the push rod 4, the maximum extension distance Lmax is reached when the step 401 contacts the retaining ring 301. By adjusting the position of the step 401 or the thickness of the retaining ring 301, the value of Lmax can be precisely controlled. Through the above technical solution, this application achieves precise limiting of the axial movement of the push rod 4. Due to the cooperation between the retaining ring 301 and the step 401 of the push rod 4, a rigid constraint is formed on the axial movement range of the push rod 4, avoiding the problem of the push rod 4 over-extending or retracting. This mechanical limiting design ensures that the push rod 4 always maintains the preset maximum extension distance Lmax when it is inserted into the bearing 501, preventing contact failure or mechanical interference between the push rod 4 and the bearing 501. Meanwhile, the contact surface design of the step 401 and the closing retaining ring 301 enhances the reliability and impact resistance of the limiting structure, ensures the stability of the device during dynamic self-alignment, and improves the self-alignment accuracy.

[0062] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the base 1 needs to simultaneously meet the requirements of the forming accuracy of the positioning groove 101 and the overall structural stability. When manufactured using a single structural component, there are problems such as difficulty in controlling the machining accuracy of the positioning groove 101 and the deformation of the base 1 under stress affecting the geometric accuracy of the positioning groove 101. To address this, this application further proposes that the base 1 includes a base 103 and a positioning frame 104. The positioning frame 104 is fixed above the base 103, and the positioning groove 101 is formed on the positioning frame 104. The positioning frame 104 and the base 103 are rigidly connected by bolts, welding, or snap-fit. The base 103 can be made of cast iron or steel, and the positioning frame 104 is made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic. Through the above technical solution, this application achieves a split design for the base 1, separating the positioning frame 104, which supports the positioning groove 101, from the supporting base 103. The base 103, as a basic load-bearing component, ensures overall rigidity, while the positioning frame 104, independently machined to form the positioning groove 101, improves geometric accuracy. The positioning frame 104 and the base 103 are fixedly connected to form a stable assembly, avoiding deformation errors caused by the structural constraints of the base 103 on the positioning groove 101 area during the machining of the integral base 1. The split structure allows for individual precision machining of the positioning groove 101, improving machining accuracy. The layout of the positioning frame 104 fixed above the base 103 ensures that the positioning groove 101 is in the preset spatial position of the inspection station. The separate design facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the positioning frame 104, reducing the scrap cost of the entire base 1 due to local wear.

[0063] In a further embodiment, this application proposes that a baffle 105 is formed upwards from the center of the positioning frame 104, and the baffle 105 encloses a positioning groove 101. The baffle 105 extends vertically from the center of the positioning frame 104, and its height can be set to 3-5 mm to meet the blocking requirements. The boundary of the positioning groove 101 can be rectangular or circular. The baffle 105 forms a closed or semi-closed three-dimensional limiting structure. When the brush holder 5 is embedded in the positioning groove 101, its sidewalls contact the inner side of the baffle 105, and its bottom surface is in contact with the surface of the positioning frame 104. Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of micro-displacement of the brush holder 5 during the detection process due to the movement of the automatic self-aligning pair 2 by forming a baffle 105 upwards from the center of the positioning frame 104 to form a positioning groove 101. The physical boundary formed by the baffle 105 provides all-round spatial constraints for the brush holder 5, preventing lateral displacement or tilting of the brush holder 5 during self-alignment. Therefore, the positioning reference remains stable, ensuring the accuracy of coaxiality testing. Furthermore, the enclosed baffle structure 105 enhances the geometric stability of the positioning groove 101, eliminating positioning reference drift caused by clamping deformation or self-aligning movement, and providing reliable reference positioning conditions for the coaxiality testing of bearing 501. Compared with traditional structures, this design achieves stable positioning of the brush holder 5 without the need for an additional clamping mechanism, simplifying the device structure, improving operational convenience, and ensuring testing accuracy.

[0064] In some of the solutions described above in this application, a positioning groove 101 is formed by a baffle 105 to position the carbon brush holder 5. However, when the carbon brush holder 5 is installed into the positioning groove 101, since the carbon brush holder 5 has a connector 502, if the circumference of the positioning groove 101 is completely closed by the baffle 105, the connector 502 cannot be accommodated within the positioning groove 101, resulting in structural interference and affecting the clamping stability and detection accuracy of the carbon brush holder 5. To address this, this application further proposes that a notch 106 be provided on one side of the positioning groove 101 to allow the connector 502 on the carbon brush holder 5 to be placed outside the positioning groove 101. Specifically, during the installation of the carbon brush holder 5, the main body of the carbon brush holder 5 is embedded in the positioning groove 101 enclosed by the baffle 105, and the connector 502 extends outward through the notch 106 to avoid contact with the side wall of the baffle 105. The three sides of the baffle 105 without the notch 106 provide circumferential restraint for the carbon brush holder 5. The notch 106 allows the connector 502 to be completely avoided without being compressed or deformed, thereby eliminating clamping tilt or offset caused by structural interference.

[0065] like Figure 3As shown, this application further proposes that a cavity 107 is formed between the base 103 and the positioning frame 104 of the base 1, and the self-aligning pair 2 is disposed inside the cavity 107. The base 103 and the positioning frame 104 are rigidly connected to form the cavity 107. The height of the cavity 107 can be 10-20 mm, for example, 15 mm, to accommodate the movement of the self-aligning pair 2 in the X and Y axes. The side walls of the cavity 107 are formed by the connecting surfaces of the base 103 and the positioning frame 104, forming a closed boundary and limiting the range of motion of the self-aligning pair 2. Specifically, after the base 103 and the positioning frame 104 are fixedly connected by bolts to form the cavity 107, the self-aligning pair 2 is completely enclosed inside the cavity 107. When the coaxiality of the bearing 501 of the carbon brush holder 5 is detected, the self-aligning seat plate 201 moves along the X and Y axes inside the cavity 107, and the balls 205 roll against the contact surfaces of the base 103 and the positioning frame 104. The gap between the side wall of chamber 107 and the self-aligning base plate 201 must allow the self-aligning base plate 201 to move freely. Through the above technical solution, this application provides a closed and stable motion environment for the automatic self-aligning pair 2, avoiding external factors from interfering with its free movement in the X and Y axes. The arrangement of chamber 107 ensures that the relative position between the positioning frame 104 and the base 103 is fixed, maintaining the stability of the self-aligning reference. The automatic self-aligning pair 2 is placed inside chamber 107, and its movement trajectory is restricted within the range of chamber 107, avoiding collisions with other components. The guiding effect of the walls of chamber 107 optimizes the mechanical transmission path during the self-aligning process, reducing the impact of clamping deformation on detection accuracy. This structural design improves the overall stability and self-aligning accuracy of the automatic self-aligning device.

[0066] like Figure 3-5As shown, this application further proposes an autoalignment pair 2 including an autoalignment base plate 201; the lower end face of the autoalignment base plate 201 is provided with a plurality of first rolling components 202 that contact the base 103; the upper end face of the autoalignment base plate 201 is provided with a plurality of second rolling components 203 that contact the lower end face of the positioning frame 104. The autoalignment base plate 201 serves as the support structure for the autoalignment pair 2. The first rolling components 202 disposed between the lower end face of the autoalignment base plate 201 and the base 103 are configured to convert sliding friction into rolling friction, for example, using balls 205 with a diameter of 3-5 mm, reducing the contact area to 10%-15% of the original sliding contact. The second rolling components 203 disposed between the upper end face of the autoalignment base plate 201 and the positioning frame 104 are designed to provide rolling support in the vertical direction, for example, using four symmetrically distributed ball components, with the contact pressure between each ball 205 and the positioning frame 104 controlled within the range of 0.5-1.2 N. The first rolling assembly 202 and the second rolling assembly 203 form a compound rolling constraint in the horizontal and vertical directions, reducing the overall frictional resistance of the self-aligning base plate 201 to less than 20% of the original structure when it moves in the X and Y axes. The ball assembly is embedded at the end corners of the self-aligning base plate 201, for example, with an independent ball cavity at each end corner. The installation height of the ball 205 is adjusted to maintain a preload gap of 0.05-0.1mm with the contact surface, ensuring reliable contact while avoiding jamming caused by over-constraint.

[0067] Specifically, when the center of bearing 501 shifts, the lateral force transmitted by the push rod 4 drives the self-aligning seat plate 201 to move between the base 103 and the positioning frame 104. The balls 205 in the first rolling assembly 202 roll on the surface of the base 103, and the balls 205 in the second rolling assembly 203 roll synchronously on the lower surface of the positioning frame 104. Because the ball assemblies are symmetrically arranged at the four corners, the self-aligning seat plate 201 maintains a stable three-point contact support state when moving in any direction. The specific implementation of this application is as follows: The self-aligning seat plate 201 adopts a rectangular plate structure and is installed inside the cavity 107 of the base 1. Multiple first rolling assemblies 202 are installed on its lower end face, and multiple second rolling assemblies 203 are installed on its upper end face. The first rolling assemblies 202 contact the base 103 of the base 1, and the second rolling assemblies 203 contact the lower end face of the positioning frame 104. The rolling assembly adopts a ball bearing structure. Each rolling assembly includes a rolling adjustment seat 204 and a freely rotatable ball 205. Part of the spherical surface of the ball 205 is exposed and forms a rolling fit with the contact surface. A first rolling assembly 202 and a second rolling assembly 203 are respectively installed at the four corners of the self-aligning base plate 201. The spherical surface of the ball 205 forms a point contact with the contact surface. The self-aligning base plate 201 is made of bearing steel with a carburized and hardened surface. The ball cage of the rolling assembly is made of brass. A grease-filled layer is provided between the ball 205 and the cage. Through the above technical solution, this application effectively reduces the frictional resistance between the self-aligning base plate 201 and the base 1 and positioning frame 104 during movement, enabling the self-aligning base plate 201 to achieve free adjustment of small displacements in the X and Y axes. The rolling contact method replaces traditional sliding friction, eliminating the movement lag caused by contact surface sticking and improving the response speed of the automatic self-aligning pair 2 to the center offset of the bearing 501. The symmetrical arrangement of the upper and lower end face rolling components ensures that the self-aligning base plate 201 maintains a stable support state during movement, preventing skew errors caused by uneven friction on one side, thereby ensuring the repeatability accuracy of self-aligning positioning.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Four sets of rolling components are respectively configured on the upper and lower end faces of the self-aligning base plate. The four sets of rolling components are symmetrically distributed in the four corner areas of the self-aligning base plate, with one set of rolling components fixed in each corner area. The four sets of rolling components on the upper end face form contact support with the lower end face of the positioning frame, and the four sets of rolling components on the lower end face form contact support with the upper surface of the base. The four sets of rolling components together constitute a guiding mechanism for the self-aligning base plate to move in the X and Y axis directions.

[0069] Furthermore, this application proposes that each set of rolling components includes a rolling adjustment seat and balls embedded in the rolling adjustment seat, with a portion of the spherical surface of the balls exposed and in rolling contact with the base or positioning frame. The geometry of the rolling adjustment seat can be designed as a cylindrical, square, or hexagonal groove structure, with the groove depth to ball diameter ratio controlled within the range of 0.6-0.8. For example, a ball with a diameter of 8mm can be matched with a groove with a depth of 5mm. When the ball is embedded in the rolling adjustment seat, its spherical crown height is limited to 25%-35% of the ball diameter; for example, the exposed height of a 10mm diameter ball is 3mm. This height range ensures that the ball maintains stable rolling under axial load. When the self-aligning pair displaces, the balls in the four sets of rolling components simultaneously generate rolling friction with the base and positioning frame, and the rolling contact trajectory of the balls forms continuously changing contact points.

[0070] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic self-aligning device for a brush holder ball bearing, characterized in that, include: - Base (1), the base (1) is provided with a positioning groove (101) for mounting carbon brush holder (5), and a center hole (102) is provided at the center of the positioning groove (101); - Automatic centering components, including: - The self-aligning pair (2) is capable of moving relative to the base plane in the X and Y axis directions; - Bushing (3), fixedly mounted on the self-aligning pair (2); - The top rod (4) is inserted into the bushing (3) and its upper end extends out of the bushing (3); - The bushing (3) is inserted into the center hole (102) and has a clearance fit with the center hole (102); - During testing, the carbon brush holder (5) is installed in the positioning groove (101), the top rod (4) is inserted into the bearing (501) of the carbon brush holder (5), and the automatic self-aligning pair (2) is self-aligned relative to the base plane by moving in the X and Y directions based on the center of the bearing (501).

2. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: - A spring (6) is provided on the self-aligning pair (2), and the spring (6) supports the push rod (4) upward, so that the push rod (4) is inserted into the bearing (501) of the carbon brush holder (5).

3. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - The top opening of the bushing (3) is provided with a retaining ring (301); - A step (401) is provided on the body of the top rod (4); - The retaining ring (301) and the step (401) cooperate to limit the movement range of the push rod (4). When the step (401) presses against the retaining ring (301), the maximum distance the push rod (4) extends is L. <max> 。< / max> 4. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: - The base (1) includes a base (103) and a positioning frame (104). The positioning frame (104) is fixed above the base (103), and the positioning groove (101) is formed on the positioning frame (104).

5. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 4, characterized in that: - A baffle (105) is formed in the middle of the positioning frame (104) and the baffle (105) surrounds the positioning groove (101).

6. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 5, characterized in that: - A notch (106) is provided on one side of the positioning groove (101) for placing the connector (502) on the carbon brush holder (5) outside the positioning groove (101).

7. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 4, characterized in that: -A cavity (107) is formed between the base (103) of the base (1) and the positioning frame (104); - The automatic self-aligning pair (2) is located inside the chamber (107).

8. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 7, characterized in that: -The automatic self-aligning pair (2) includes a self-aligning base plate (201); - The lower end face of the self-aligning base plate (201) is provided with a plurality of first rolling components (202) that contact the base (103); - The upper end face of the self-aligning base plate (201) is provided with a plurality of second rolling components (203) that contact the lower end face of the positioning frame (104).

9. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 8, characterized in that: - Four sets of rolling components are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the self-aligning base plate (201), respectively located at the four corners of the self-aligning base plate (201).

10. The automatic self-aligning device for brush holder ball bearings according to claim 9, characterized in that: - Each set of first rolling assembly (202) and second rolling assembly (203) includes a rolling adjustment seat (204) and a ball (205) embedded in the rolling adjustment seat (204); - Part of the spherical surface of the ball (205) is exposed and rolls in contact with the base (103) or the positioning frame (104).

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