Novel aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure which comprises an electrolysis cell body, an anode and a cathode carbon block are arranged on the electrolysis cell body, a horizontal flow guide steel bar is arranged in the cathode carbon block right below the anode, the middle of the horizontal flow guide steel bar is connected with a gathering electricity outlet steel bar, and the gathering electricity outlet steel bar is connected with the electrolysis cell body. An insulating material layer is wrapped outside the gathering electricity outlet steel bar, and the end of the gathering electricity outlet steel bar is connected with a bus; according to the utility model, the technical problem of overlarge horizontal current in the aluminum electrolysis production process can be fundamentally solved, and accidents are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a novel cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic cell tools. Background Technology

[0002] During aluminum electrolysis, the presence of horizontal current causes fluctuations in the molten aluminum surface due to magnetic force under the influence of a magnetic field. Significant fluctuations can lead to short circuits between the anode and cathode, causing voltage fluctuations in the cell and, in severe cases, "aluminum rolling" accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to mitigate the probability of such accidents and improve the stability of the electrolytic cell operation. Conventional designs maintain stability by increasing the electrode spacing, but this comes at the cost of high voltage and high power consumption. Therefore, it is essential to explore a technical solution that effectively reduces the horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cells to completely resolve this problem. Previous research on reducing horizontal current in electrolytic cells has yielded limited results, such as slits at the ends of cathode steel rods, coating the ends of cathode steel rods with silicon carbide powder, and developing low-resistance, high-conductivity steel rods. However, these efforts have failed to address the fundamental issue of current flow and have yielded minimal success.

[0003] In other words, there is a need for a new type of cathode assembly structure for aluminum electrolysis cells that can fundamentally solve the technical problem of excessive horizontal current in the aluminum electrolysis production process and reduce the occurrence of accidents. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a novel cathode assembly structure for aluminum electrolysis cells, which can fundamentally solve the technical problem of excessive horizontal current in the aluminum electrolysis production process and reduce the occurrence of accidents; it can overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This utility model discloses a novel cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, which includes an electrolytic cell body, an anode and a cathode carbon block on the electrolytic cell body, a horizontal guiding steel rod inside the cathode carbon block directly below the anode, a converging discharge steel rod connected to the middle of the horizontal guiding steel rod, the converging discharge steel rod being wrapped with an insulating material layer, and the end of the converging discharge steel rod being connected to a busbar.

[0007] As mentioned above, the length and width of the horizontal guide steel rod are not less than the length and width of the bottom surface of the anode.

[0008] The aforementioned horizontal guide steel bar and the summing-out electric steel bar are either welded and fixed together or cast together as a single unit.

[0009] As mentioned above, the electric steel bar consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section connected to the horizontal guiding steel bar.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0011] 1. This utility model, by changing the energizing method of the cathode carbon block, forces the current to be emitted from the middle part of the horizontal guiding steel rod in the cathode carbon block group, that is, changing the energizing from the end to the middle. Then, the current is uniformly emitted from the converging energizing steel rod and the busbar, fundamentally blocking the conditions for the generation of horizontal current on the aluminum liquid surface, thereby eliminating the horizontal current generated on the aluminum liquid surface during aluminum electrolysis, greatly reducing the probability of accidents during electrolysis, and further improving the stability of the electrolytic cell operation. The current direction is shown by the arrow in the figure.

[0012] 2. Simultaneously, the presence of an insulating material layer between the electrolytic steel rod and the cathode carbon block, composed of insulating castable material, fundamentally eliminates the possibility of a short-circuit path for current in the molten aluminum. This forces the current to follow the shortest vertical path from the anode through the electrolyte and molten aluminum into the cathode steel rod, resulting in the following current flow: current from the anode guide rod → vertically enters and passes through the anode → vertically enters and passes through the molten electrolyte → vertically enters and passes through the molten aluminum → vertically enters the cathode → vertically enters the horizontal guide steel rod → enters the discharge steel rod → enters the busbar. This completely eliminates the possibility of horizontal current in the molten aluminum, significantly improving the stability of the molten aluminum surface during production. Furthermore, due to the stable molten aluminum surface, the electrode distance (the distance from the bottom of the anode to the molten aluminum surface) can be significantly shortened during production, reducing the electrolytic cell voltage and drastically lowering the electricity consumption per ton of aluminum, bringing about a technological revolution in electrolytic aluminum production.

[0013] 3. The length and width of the horizontal guide steel rod shall not be less than the length and width of the bottom surface of the anode. This size facilitates the vertical entry of current into the horizontal guide steel rod.

[0014] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following will describe this utility model in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the theoretical current flow in existing technologies.

[0018] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the current flow during the use of existing technology.

[0019] The components include: 1. Electrolytic cell body; 2. Anode; 3. Cathode carbon block; 4. Horizontal guide steel rod; 5. Outgoing discharge steel rod; 6. Insulating material layer; 7. Busbar. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a novel cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolysis cell. It includes an electrolysis cell body 1, an anode 2, and a cathode carbon block 3. A horizontal guiding steel rod 4 is located within the cathode carbon block 3 directly below the anode 2. A converging current-generating steel rod 5 is connected to the middle of the horizontal guiding steel rod 4. The converging current-generating steel rod 5 is covered with an insulating material layer 6, and its end is connected to a busbar 7. This structure, by changing the current output method of the cathode carbon block, forces the current to exit from the middle of the horizontal guiding steel rod 4 in the cathode carbon block assembly, i.e., changing the power output from the end to the middle. Then, the current is uniformly output from the converging current-generating steel rod 5 and the busbar 7, fundamentally blocking the conditions for horizontal current generation on the aluminum liquid surface. This eliminates the horizontal current generated on the aluminum liquid surface during aluminum electrolysis, greatly reducing the probability of accidents during electrolysis and further improving the stability of the electrolysis cell operation. For details on the current flow, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The direction of the middle arrow.

[0022] Meanwhile, the presence of an insulating material layer 6 between the electrolytic steel rod 5 and the cathode carbon block 3, composed of insulating castable material, fundamentally eliminates the short-circuit path for current in the molten aluminum. This forces the current to follow the shortest vertical path from the anode through the electrolyte and molten aluminum into the cathode steel rod, resulting in the current flowing as follows: current from the anode guide rod → vertically into and through the anode 2 → vertically into and through the molten electrolyte → vertically into and through the molten aluminum → vertically into the cathode → vertically into the horizontal guide steel rod 4 → into the electrolytic steel rod 5 → into the busbar 7. This completely eliminates the possibility of horizontal current in the molten aluminum, significantly improving the stability of the molten aluminum surface during production. Furthermore, due to the stable molten aluminum surface, the electrode distance (the distance from the bottom of the anode to the molten aluminum surface) can be significantly shortened during production, reducing the electrolytic cell voltage and drastically lowering the electricity consumption per ton of aluminum, bringing about a technological revolution in electrolytic aluminum production.

[0023] Furthermore, the length and width of the horizontal guiding steel rod 4 are not less than the length and width of the bottom surface of the anode 2. This size facilitates the vertical entry of current into the horizontal guiding steel rod 4.

[0024] Furthermore, the horizontal guide steel rod 4 and the summing electric steel rod 5 are welded and fixed together or cast together. The summing electric steel rod 5 is composed of a vertical section and a horizontal section connected to the horizontal guide steel rod 4. This can enhance the overall stability of the horizontal guide steel rod 4 and the summing electric steel rod 5.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies: In comparison with existing technologies:

[0026] The reason why a conventionally designed electrolytic cell 1 generates horizontal current is that the resistivity of molten aluminum is much lower than that of steel: the current flows from the anode guide rod → anode → molten electrolyte → molten aluminum → cathode → cathode steel rod → finally converging into the aluminum busbar. Because the resistivity of the molten electrolyte is extremely high, the resistance is lowest only when the current flows perpendicularly through the electrolyte, so there is essentially no horizontal current in the electrolyte. After the current passes through the electrolyte and enters the molten aluminum surface, the current can have two directions: Path 1, the current flows perpendicularly through the molten aluminum → enters the cathode perpendicularly → enters the steel rod perpendicularly → travels a long distance through the horizontally guiding steel rod → enters the aluminum busbar, as shown below. Figure 2 The direction of the arrow is as follows: Line 2, current enters the molten aluminum → passes horizontally across the surface of the molten aluminum → enters the cathode vertically at the cathode end on the output side → enters the steel rod vertically → passes horizontally through the steel rod over a short distance → enters the aluminum busbar, as shown. Figure 3 The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of current flow. Because the resistivity of aluminum is much lower than that of steel (aluminum resistivity 2.85 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m; steel resistivity 1.45 × 10⁻⁷ Ω·m), the total resistance of current flowing through line 1 is greater than that through line 2. Since current always flows towards lower total resistance, a large portion of the current flows in the direction of line 2, thus generating a large amount of horizontal current on the aluminum surface. In conventionally designed electrolytic cells, the current flow generally follows line 2. Figure 3 The direction of the middle arrow.

[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to restrict the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution of the present utility model and based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A novel cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising an electrolytic cell body (1), wherein an anode (2) and a cathode carbon block (3) are disposed on the electrolytic cell body (1), characterized in that: A horizontal guiding steel rod (4) is provided in the cathode carbon block (3) directly below the anode (2). A collecting and discharging steel rod (5) is connected to the middle of the horizontal guiding steel rod (4). The collecting and discharging steel rod (5) is wrapped with an insulating material layer (6). The end of the collecting and discharging steel rod (5) is connected to the busbar (7).

2. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length and width of the horizontal guide steel rod (4) are not less than the length and width of the bottom surface of the anode (2).

3. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal guide steel bar (4) and the electric discharge steel bar (5) are welded and fixed together or cast together.

4. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The summed electric steel bar (5) consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section connected to the horizontal guide steel bar (4).

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