Self-adaptive expansion internal rotational flow heat exchanger

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy conservation of chemical equipment, in particular to a self-adaptive expansion internal rotational flow heat exchanger which comprises a steel structure butt joint piece connected with a vertical pipeline of external equipment. The self-adaptive expansion outer heat exchange tube is arranged in the middle of the steel structure butt joint piece and fixedly connected with the steel structure butt joint piece; the central tube with the spiral drainage sheet is vertically arranged in the self-adaptive expansion outer heat exchange tube; the medium inlet pipe is connected with the inlet end of the central pipe with the spiral drainage sheet through an elbow; the medium outlet pipe is communicated with the top of the self-adaptive expansion outer heat exchange pipe; the central tube with the spiral drainage piece comprises a central tube body and the spiral drainage piece which is spirally fixed to the central tube body. When facing high-temperature and low-temperature large-range temperature changes, the device can freely stretch out and draw back to adapt to a large-temperature-change environment, meanwhile, the running resistance of a smoke pipe and gas outlet fluid of a cracking furnace is reduced, manufacturing difficulty is small, and the application range is wide; according to the heat exchanger, the energy recycling efficiency can be improved through the arrangement of the internal spiral drainage pieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy-saving technology for chemical equipment, and in particular to an adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] During industrial furnace production, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the vertical flue pipes, and the heat needs to be recovered and utilized. In chemical production processes, a large amount of pyrolysis gas is discharged from the vertical exhaust pipes of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0003] The aforementioned industrial furnace vertical flue pipes and chemical pyrolysis furnace vertical gas outlets can all recover heat during operation. However, these devices typically have limited diameters, making it impossible to install multiple horizontal pipes as waste heat recovery pipelines. Furthermore, during production, the gas temperature and flow rate fluctuate significantly, posing challenges for heat recovery due to large temperature variations, requiring minimal resistance reduction, increasing manufacturing difficulty, and causing high expansion and contraction stresses due to high and low temperature changes, resulting in low waste heat utilization efficiency. Therefore, heat exchange equipment must be able to adapt to expansion. Single-tube heat exchangers, with lower resistance than horizontal tube heat exchangers, are more suitable for these operating conditions. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the challenges of high and low temperature variations in the vertical pipes of industrial furnaces and chemical pyrolysis furnaces, which lead to large expansion and contraction stresses, low resistance reduction requirements for flue pipes and pyrolysis furnace outlets, high manufacturing difficulty, and low waste heat utilization efficiency, this invention proposes an adaptive expansion internal swirl heat exchanger.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0006] An adaptive expansion internal swirling heat exchanger, comprising:

[0007] Steel structure connecting parts for connection to vertical pipes of external equipment;

[0008] An adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube is installed in the middle of the steel structure connection piece and is fixedly connected to the steel structure connection piece;

[0009] A central tube with spiral guide vanes is vertically installed inside the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube;

[0010] The medium inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the central pipe with a spiral guide plate via an elbow;

[0011] The medium outlet pipe is connected to the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube;

[0012] The central tube with spiral drainage plate includes a central tube and spiral drainage plates fixed on the central tube in a spiral shape.

[0013] Furthermore, the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube includes:

[0014] Seamless tube, consisting of multiple segments arranged at uniform intervals along the same axis;

[0015] Expansion joints are provided in multiples, with one expansion joint fixedly and sealed between every two seamless steel pipe sections.

[0016] The second spherical head is hemispherical in shape and is fastened to the upper end of the seamless tube and fixedly connected to it. Its side and top are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening. The medium inlet tube passes through the first opening and is connected to the inlet end of the central tube with spiral guide plate through the elbow. The medium outlet tube is connected to the second opening.

[0017] A pointed conical hemispherical end cap is fixedly connected to the lower end of a seamless tube.

[0018] Furthermore, the pointed conical hemispherical head includes a pointed cone, a hemisphere, and a short tube connected in sequence; the apex angle of the pointed cone is an acute angle, and the short tube is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seamless steel pipe, with the short tube having the same diameter as the seamless pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, the outlet end of the central tube with spiral guide plate is connected to a first spherical head. The first spherical head is provided with an end nozzle and multiple side nozzles. The end nozzle is located at the end of the first spherical head, and the multiple side nozzles are evenly distributed on the side of the first spherical head, and the side nozzles are arranged at an upward angle.

[0020] Furthermore, the spiral drainage plate structure can be a flat spiral plate structure or a wave-shaped spiral plate structure.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a spiral perforated plate, which is a circular plate with a plurality of threaded oblique through holes evenly distributed on it. The spiral perforated plate is fixed to the lower end of the central tube and located above the first spherical head. There is a gap between the outer side of the spiral perforated plate and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a vertical flow perforated plate, which is a circular plate with multiple vertical through holes evenly distributed on it. The vertical flow perforated plate is fixed to the upper end of the central tube, and there is a gap between the vertical flow perforated plate and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube.

[0023] Furthermore, the steel structure connecting component includes: an upper ring body, a lower ring body, and a cylinder disposed between the two. The cylinder is fixedly connected to both the upper ring body and the lower ring body. Multiple bolt holes are evenly provided on both the upper and lower ring bodies. The medium inlet pipe and the medium outlet pipe both pass through the cylinder and lead to the outside.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes connecting brackets, which are plate-like structures, numbering two and symmetrically arranged on the outside of the seamless tube; the connecting brackets include mutually perpendicular inner and outer sides, with the inner side fixedly connected to the seamless tube and the outer side fixedly connected to the lower ring body.

[0025] Furthermore, the pointed conical hemispherical head is provided with a bearing, and a rotating blade is mounted on the bearing.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: when facing a wide range of temperature changes, such as high and low temperatures, this utility model can freely expand and contract to adapt to environments with large temperature changes, with low stress, while reducing the running resistance of the flue and the gas outlet fluid of the pyrolysis furnace. It is easy to manufacture and has a wide range of applications, which is conducive to its widespread use. In addition, this heat exchanger can better realize the turbulent heat exchange function through the internal spiral guide plate setting, thereby improving the energy recovery and utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive expansion internal swirling heat exchanger according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first spherical head and the pointed conical hemispherical end cap structure in this utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting bracket structure in this utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube structure in this utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive expansion internal swirling heat exchanger according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0032] The components include: 1. Steel structure connecting parts; 11. Upper ring; 12. Lower ring; 13. Cylinder; 2. Medium inlet pipe; 3. Central pipe with spiral guide vanes; 31. Flat spiral vanes; 32. Waveform spiral vanes; 4. Adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube; 41. Second spherical head; 42. Seamless tube; 43. Expansion joint; 44. Pointed conical hemispherical head; 411. First opening; 412. Second opening; 441. Pointed conical body; 442. Hemisphere; 443. Short pipe; 5. Medium outlet pipe; 6. First spherical head; 61. Side nozzle; 62. End nozzle; 63. Rotating blade; 7. Spiral orifice plate; 8. Vertical flow orifice plate; 9. Connecting bracket; 91. Inner side; 92. Outer side. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To better explain and facilitate understanding of this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-5The technical solution and effects of this utility model are described in detail through specific implementation methods.

[0034] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment discloses an adaptive expansion internal swirling heat exchanger, comprising:

[0035] Steel structure connecting component 1, for connection to vertical pipes of external equipment;

[0036] The adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4 is set in the middle of the steel structure connecting piece 1 and is fixedly connected to the steel structure connecting piece 1;

[0037] The central tube 3 with spiral guide vanes is vertically installed inside the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4;

[0038] Medium inlet pipe 2 is connected to the inlet end of central pipe 3 with spiral guide plate via an elbow;

[0039] The medium outlet pipe 5 is connected to the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger pipe 4;

[0040] Among them, the central tube 3 with spiral drainage plate includes a central tube and a spiral drainage plate that is fixedly connected to the central tube in a spiral shape.

[0041] It should be noted that the heat exchanger is installed onto the vertical pipe requiring heat exchange via the steel structure connection piece 1. The heat exchange medium enters the central pipe 3 with spiral guide vanes through the medium inlet pipe 2, and gradually flows into the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4 through the spiral guide vanes from the outlet end of the central pipe 3, where heat exchange takes place. Finally, it flows out through the medium outlet pipe 5, which is connected to the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4. During the swirling flow process, the incoming medium is turbulent, achieving better heat exchange with the high-temperature fluid. Among them, the steel structure connecting piece 1 is connected to the vertical pipe of the external equipment. The vertical pipe of the external equipment may include a vertical flue gas pipe or a vertical chemical gas pipe. The steel structure connecting piece 1 is used to connect the external vertical flue gas pipe or the vertical chemical gas pipe. The center of the adaptive expansion heat exchanger tube 4 and the center of the upper ring body 11 are controlled within the range of 0 mm to 100 mm. The central tube 3 with spiral guide vanes is vertically set inside the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube 4. The center deviation between the two is controlled within the range of 0 mm to 0.5 mm. The medium outlet pipe 5 is connected to the center of the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube 4.

[0042] The spiral drainage plate has a flat spiral plate 31 structure or a wave spiral plate 32 structure.

[0043] It should be noted that the spiral guide plate is spirally raised from one side of the lower end of the central tube and fixedly connected to the surface of the central tube. It is spirally welded to the outer surface of the central tube at equal intervals to form a channel for the flow of the medium. The spiral arrangement turbulents the flow of the medium. Figure 1A schematic diagram of a heat exchanger structure with a flat spiral blade 31 structure for spiral guide vanes. The flat spiral blade 31 structure is a flat strip shape and can be processed from a flat plate. Figure 4 The diagram shows a heat exchanger structure with a corrugated spiral blade 32 for spiral guide vanes. The corrugated spiral blade 32 has a wave-like shape and can be processed from a corrugated plate. The corrugated spiral blade 32 structure has a stronger turbulence effect. The axially adjacent spiral guide vanes are all parallel to each other.

[0044] The adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube 4 includes:

[0045] Seamless tube 42 has multiple segments arranged at uniform intervals along the same axis;

[0046] Expansion joints 43 are multiple, with one expansion joint 43 fixedly and sealed between every two seamless pipe sections 42;

[0047] The second spherical head 41 is hemispherical in shape, and is fastened to the upper end of the seamless tube 42 and fixedly connected to it. Its side and top are respectively provided with a first opening 411 and a second opening 412. The medium inlet tube 2 passes through the first opening 411 and is connected to the inlet end of the central tube 3 with spiral guide plate through the elbow. The medium outlet tube 5 is connected to the second opening 412.

[0048] A pointed conical hemispherical end cap 44 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seamless tube 42.

[0049] It should be noted that the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4, by setting expansion joints 43 between multiple seamless tubes 42, can automatically adjust the expansion amount according to the temperature when the internal and external temperatures change significantly, resulting in minimal stress and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0050] The seamless tube 42 is connected to the expansion joint 43, the second spherical head 41, and the pointed conical hemispherical head 44 by welding. After heat exchange, the medium flows upward. The second spherical head 41, in a hemispherical shape, is fastened to the upper end of the seamless tube 42, and its top end connects to the medium outlet pipe 5, facilitating the outflow of the medium after heat exchange. The medium inlet pipe 2, the medium outlet pipe 5, and the first opening 411 and the second opening 412 are all sealed by welding to prevent medium leakage. The upper end of the seamless tube 42 is connected to the steel structure butt joint 1.

[0051] The expansion joint 43 is an annular ear-shaped structure with openings at the top and bottom. The diameters of the openings are the same as the diameter of the seamless tube 42, and the expansion joint 43 is fixedly connected to the seamless tube 42 through the openings. The diameter of the annular ear-shaped structure is larger than the diameter of the seamless tube 42. The expansion joint 43 is an annular ear-shaped structure made of the same material as the seamless tube 42, such as 20# steel, 316L steel, or 310S steel. It is welded to both ends of the seamless tube 42 through its upper and lower openings.

[0052] The pointed conical hemispherical end cap 44 includes a pointed cone 441, a hemisphere 442 and a short tube 443 connected in sequence; the apex angle of the pointed cone is an acute angle, and the short tube 443 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seamless tube 42, and the short tube 443 and the seamless tube 42 have the same diameter.

[0053] It should be noted that the apex angle of the pointed cone 441 of the pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is between 60° and 75°, which reduces resistance to the high-temperature fluid flowing through it and effectively reduces the upward flow resistance of flue gas, thus minimizing the impact on production operations. Furthermore, while the apex angle of the pointed cone 441 is between 60° and 75°, in this embodiment it is 72°, and the transition fillet diameter between the short pipe 443 and the hemispherical head 442 is 50 mm. The pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is a precision casting or a 3D printed part, and the material can be steel or titanium alloy, etc.

[0054] The pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is equipped with a bearing, and a rotating blade 63 is mounted on the bearing.

[0055] The pointed conical hemispherical head 44 has a bearing installed inside via a support seat. The bearing is equipped with rotating blades 63, which can rotate to turbulent the heat exchange medium.

[0056] The outlet end of the central tube 3 with spiral guide plate is connected to a first spherical head 6. The first spherical head 6 is provided with an end nozzle 62 and multiple side nozzles 61. The end nozzle 62 is located at the end of the first spherical head 6, and the multiple side nozzles 61 are evenly distributed on the side of the first spherical head 6, and the side nozzles 61 are arranged at an upward angle.

[0057] It should be noted that the heat exchange medium is ejected through multiple nozzles arranged at multiple angles on the first spherical head 6 at the outlet end of the central tube 3 with spiral guide vanes, which can swirl the medium and further create turbulence, thus facilitating heat exchange. In this embodiment, the first spherical head 6 is welded to the outlet end of the central tube 3 with spiral guide vanes. The first spherical head 6 is equipped with 3 nozzles: 2 side nozzles 61 that are inclined upwards and arranged at an angle of 45° to 75°; and one end nozzle 62 that is arranged directly opposite the rotating blade 63.

[0058] The heat exchanger also includes a spiral perforated plate 7, which is a circular plate with a plurality of threaded oblique through holes evenly distributed on it. The spiral perforated plate 7 is fixed to the lower end of the central tube and located above the first spherical head 6. There is a gap between the outer side of the spiral perforated plate 7 and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4.

[0059] It should be noted that by placing the spiral orifice plate 7 at the lower end of the central tube and above the first spherical head 6, the medium flowing out of the central tube can be turbulently induced by the spiral orifice plate 7 before entering the channel formed by the spiral guide plate, achieving better turbulence. The spiral orifice plate 7 is machined from a single circular plate, with a sliding gap of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm between the outer side of the spiral orifice plate 7 and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4. The central hole of the spiral orifice plate 7 is fitted onto the lower end of the central tube and welded to it. Multiple threaded oblique through holes of the spiral orifice plate 7 are arranged outwards in a divergent pattern; the number of oblique through holes can be 6 to 12. In this embodiment, there are 12 oblique through holes, thereby forming a uniform swirling flow that causes the medium to rise. This effectively turbulences the flow and enhances heat transfer.

[0060] The heat exchanger also includes a vertical flow orifice plate 8, which is a circular plate with multiple vertical through holes evenly distributed on it. The vertical flow orifice plate 8 is fixed to the upper end of the central tube, and there is a gap between the vertical flow orifice plate 8 and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4.

[0061] It should be noted that by placing the vertical flow orifice plate 8 at the upper end of the central pipe, the medium flowing out of the channel formed by the spiral guide plate is transformed from a swirling flow into a stable vertical flow, which facilitates the flow of the medium. The vertical flow orifice plate 8 is machined from a single circular plate.

[0062] A sliding gap of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm exists between the vertical flow orifice plate 8 and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4. The central hole of the vertical flow orifice plate 8 is sleeved on the upper end of the central tube and welded to it. The outer side of the vertical flow orifice plate 8 is welded to the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4. The number of vertical through holes in the vertical flow orifice plate 8 can be 6 to 12; in this embodiment, the number of vertical through holes is 12.

[0063] The steel structure connecting member 1 includes: an upper ring body 11, a lower ring body 12, and a cylinder 13 disposed between the two. The cylinder 13 is fixedly connected to both the upper ring body 11 and the ring body. Both the upper ring body 11 and the lower ring body 12 are provided with multiple bolt holes evenly distributed. The medium inlet pipe 2 and the medium outlet pipe 5 both pass through the cylinder 13 and lead to the outside.

[0064] It should be noted that the steel structure connecting piece 1 is used to connect the vertical pipes of external equipment and to support the heat exchange pipes. The upper ring 11, the lower ring 12, and the cylinder 13 set between them are essential general structures for equipment connection. After the heat exchanger is installed into the vertical pipe to be heat exchanged, it is connected to the flange of the vertical pipe of the external equipment through the upper ring 11 and the lower ring 12, and bolted through the bolt holes on them to complete the installation of the heat exchanger. The height of the cylinder 13 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the junctions of the medium inlet pipe 2 and the medium outlet pipe 5 with the cylinder 13 are sealed by welding.

[0065] The heat exchanger also includes a connecting bracket 9, which is a plate-shaped structure, and there are two of them, which are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the seamless tube 42. The connecting bracket 9 includes an inner side 91 and an outer side 92 that are perpendicular to each other. The inner side 91 is fixedly connected to the seamless tube 42, and the outer side 92 is fixedly connected to the lower ring body 12.

[0066] The adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube 4 and the lower ring body 12 are welded together by connecting bracket 9, thereby supporting and fixing the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube 4. The connecting bracket 9 is a plate-shaped structure, which is vertically connected to the lower ring body 12 and does not affect the passage of high-temperature fluid through the cylinder 13. The plate-shaped structure can be a trapezoidal shape as in this embodiment. The inner side 91 is welded to the axial outer surface of the seamless tube 42, and the outer side 92 is welded to the radial surface of the lower ring body 12. The trapezoidal inner side 91 is larger, which can increase the firmness of the connection.

[0067] The working process of this heat exchanger is as follows: The heat exchanger is installed on the vertical tube to be heat exchanged through the steel structure docking part 1. The heat exchange medium enters the central tube 3 with spiral guide vanes from top to bottom through the medium inlet pipe 2, and then forms a swirling flow through the first spherical head 6 and moves upward. It forms a stable rising swirling flow through the spiral orifice plate 7, and then gradually flows into the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4 through the spiral guide vanes for heat exchange. Finally, it flows out through the medium outlet pipe 5 connected to the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube 4.

[0068] Specific Case 1

[0069] Deep utilization of waste heat from flue gas risers at the outlet of tubular furnaces

[0070] Tubular furnaces are commonly used in chemical plants, employing coal gas as fuel to heat chemical products. After combustion, the gas flows out from the top, with a flue gas temperature fluctuating between 240℃ and 280℃. A certain chemical plant has 10 tubular furnaces that use coal gas to heat heavy oil. The flue gas temperature of the tubular furnaces is 280℃. The aforementioned adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger is used to recover heat and generate 0.6MPa low-pressure steam, which is then fed into the low-pressure steam network.

[0071] Each tubular furnace outlet riser is equipped with an adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchanger.

[0072] The central pipe is made of 38*3 mm carbon steel pipe; the seamless pipe 42 and expansion joint 43 are made of 20# steel; the first spherical head 6 is made of 304 stainless steel; the pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is a precision casting and is made of 304 stainless steel; the second spherical head 41 is made of 20# steel.

[0073] Ten adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers are connected in parallel to the steam drum of a forced circulation boiler. High-temperature water from the steam drum is pumped through the forced circulation pump to the ten adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers, where it exchanges heat with the flue gas. The flue gas temperature drops to 165℃ before being discharged. The high-temperature water is then converted into a steam-water mixture in the ten adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers and returned to the steam drum for steam-water separation. Due to the cyclone structure inside the adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers, the heat transfer coefficient is high, resulting in high waste heat recovery efficiency. Furthermore, the adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers are all installed in vertical tube configurations, resulting in low flue gas resistance and not affecting the normal operation of the tubular boiler. Steam is integrated into the pipeline network, and the high-temperature water is pumped back to the ten adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers for further heating to produce a steam-water mixture.

[0074] The advantage is that the 10 adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchangers recover the waste heat from the tubular furnace flue gas to produce saturated steam, thereby improving the plant's energy utilization efficiency.

[0075] Specific Case 2

[0076] High-temperature waste heat utilization of outlet gas vertical pipe of chemical cracking furnace

[0077] The vertical pipe at the outlet of the chemical cracking furnace has an oil and gas outlet temperature of 750℃. The vertical pipe is 6 meters long and currently uses two 3-meter-long water-jacketed heat exchangers to recover the high-temperature oil and gas heat energy generated by heavy oil cracking. However, the oil and gas temperature at the outlet of the vertical pipe is only 300℃, which is still very high. Adding another jacketed heat exchanger would result in excessive equipment height, making installation impossible. The chemical production requires recovering as much high-temperature oil and gas heat energy as possible while increasing the height by a maximum of 500 mm.

[0078] Among them, the steel structure connecting part 1 of the adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger has a total height of 200 mm; the central tube is made of 50*3 mm 304 stainless steel pipe; the seamless tube 42 and the expansion joint 43 are made of 316L steel; the seamless tube 42 has a specification of 160*6 mm, the first spherical head 6 is made of 304 stainless steel; the pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is a precision casting; the material is 316L stainless steel; the second spherical head 41 is made of 316L steel.

[0079] One adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger is installed between the first and second vertical pipe sections; another adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger is installed between the water jackets of the second and third vertical pipe sections. A total of two adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchangers are installed. The installation height of each adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchanger is increased by 200 mm, increasing the total height by 400 mm, which meets the chemical plant's height restrictions. The heat exchange medium is high-temperature water, which flows out of the boiler drum, is pressurized by a forced circulation pump, and enters three water jacket heat exchangers and two adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchangers. The three water jacket heat exchangers are connected in parallel, and the two adaptive expansion internal vortex heat exchangers are connected in series to recover the heat energy of the high-temperature oil and gas. The oil and gas outlet temperature is reduced to 180℃, meeting the chemical plant's temperature requirements.

[0080] Specific Case 3

[0081] Heating of crude benzene-rich oil and steam in coking plants

[0082] In a coal chemical coke oven, coal cakes are pyrolyzed at 1000℃ to produce coal gas. This gas contains some coal dust and tar gas, and its temperature can reach 760℃. The coke oven has 130 carbonization chambers and 130 vertical pipes, called risers. The risers typically employ a water-jacketed structure to lower the coal gas temperature to 520℃ for steam production.

[0083] Coal chemical plants need to heat crude benzene-rich oil. Sixty-five riser pipes are installed with adaptive expansion internal swirl heat exchangers, operating in parallel, to heat the crude benzene-rich oil from 135℃ to 185℃.

[0084] The remaining 65 riser tubes are also equipped with adaptive expansion internal swirl heat exchangers. Five of them are connected in series as a group for superheating the steam, totaling 13 groups, to superheat the saturated steam to 450°C.

[0085] The riser uses an adaptive expansion internal swirl heat exchanger, which has the same structural dimensions and materials whether heating crude benzene-rich oil or steam.

[0086] The total height of the steel structure connecting piece 1 of each adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchanger is 220 mm. The central tube is made of 316L stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 32*3 mm. The seamless tube 42 and expansion joint 43 are made of 310S steel. The first spherical head 6 is made of titanium alloy. The pointed conical hemispherical end cap 44 is made of 3D printed high-temperature nickel-based alloy. The spiral orifice plate 7 and the vertical flow orifice plate 8 are both made of 317L steel. The second spherical head 41 is made of 309S steel.

[0087] Specific Case 4

[0088] Coal tar deep processing heating in coking plants

[0089] The large quantities of tar produced by coal chemical enterprises need to be heated to 350°C in a heating furnace before entering the main distillation tower to distill chemical products such as phenolic oil, wash oil, naphthalene oil, anthracene oil, and asphalt. The coke oven has a total of 240 carbonization chambers and 240 riser pipes, each equipped with an adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchanger, totaling 240.

[0090] The coke oven is equipped with an adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchanger, which is divided into groups of three, for a total of 80 groups, with each group working in parallel, to heat the tar oil from 82°C to 350°C.

[0091] The steel structure connecting piece 1 of each adaptive expansion internal cyclone heat exchanger has a total height of 220 mm. 82℃ tar enters from the medium inlet pipe 2. The central pipe is made of 32*3 mm titanium alloy pipe. The seamless pipe 42 and expansion joint 43 are made of 310S steel. The first spherical head 6 is made of titanium alloy. The pointed conical hemispherical head 44 is made of 3D printed titanium alloy. The spiral orifice plate 7, the vertical flow orifice plate 8, and the second spherical head 41 are all made of 904L stainless steel.

Claims

1. An adaptive inflated internal vortex heat exchanger, characterized by: include: Steel structure connecting parts for connection to vertical pipes of external equipment; An adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube is installed in the middle of the steel structure connection piece and is fixedly connected to the steel structure connection piece; A central tube with spiral guide vanes is vertically installed inside the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube; The medium inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the central pipe with a spiral guide plate via an elbow; The medium outlet pipe is connected to the top of the adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube; The central tube with spiral drainage plate includes a central tube and spiral drainage plates fixed on the central tube in a spiral shape.

2. The self-adapting dilating internal rotating flow heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive expansion external heat exchanger tube includes: Seamless tube, consisting of multiple segments arranged at uniform intervals along the same axis; Expansion joints are provided in multiples, with one expansion joint fixedly and sealed between every two seamless steel pipe sections. The second spherical head is hemispherical in shape and is fastened to the upper end of the seamless tube and fixedly connected to it. Its side and top are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening. The medium inlet tube passes through the first opening and is connected to the inlet end of the central tube with spiral guide plate through the elbow. The medium outlet tube is connected to the second opening. A pointed conical hemispherical end cap is fixedly connected to the lower end of a seamless tube.

3. The self-skinning internally-swirling heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein: The pointed conical hemispherical head includes a pointed cone, a hemisphere, and a short tube connected in sequence; the apex angle of the pointed cone is an acute angle, and the short tube is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seamless steel pipe, with the short tube having the same diameter as the seamless pipe.

4. The self-skinning internally-swirling heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein: The central tube with spiral guide plate is connected to a first spherical head at its outlet end. The first spherical head is provided with an end nozzle and multiple side nozzles. The end nozzle is located at the end of the first spherical head, and the multiple side nozzles are evenly distributed on the sides of the first spherical head, with the side nozzles arranged at an upward angle.

5. The self-skinning internally-swirling heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein: The spiral drainage plate has a flat spiral plate structure or a wave-shaped spiral plate structure.

6. The self-scaling internally rotating vortex heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein: It also includes a spiral perforated plate, which is a circular plate with a plurality of threaded oblique through holes evenly distributed on it. The spiral perforated plate is fixed to the lower end of the central tube and located above the first spherical head. There is a gap between the outer side of the spiral perforated plate and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube.

7. The self-scaling internally rotating vortex heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a vertical flow perforated plate, which is a circular plate with multiple vertical through holes evenly distributed on it. The vertical flow perforated plate is fixed to the upper end of the central tube, and there is a gap between the vertical flow perforated plate and the inner side of the adaptive expansion external heat exchange tube.

8. The self-scaling internally rotating vortex heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein: The steel structure connecting component includes: an upper ring body, a lower ring body, and a cylinder disposed between the two. The cylinder is fixedly connected to both the upper ring body and the lower ring body. Multiple bolt holes are evenly provided on both the upper and lower ring bodies. The medium inlet pipe and the medium outlet pipe both pass through the cylinder and lead to the outside.

9. The self-scaling internally rotating vortex heat exchanger according to claim 8, wherein: It also includes connecting brackets, which are plate-shaped structures, and there are two of them, symmetrically arranged on the outside of the seamless tube. The connecting brackets include mutually perpendicular inner and outer sides, with the inner side fixedly connected to the seamless tube and the outer side fixedly connected to the lower ring.

10. The self-scaling internally swirling heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein: The pointed conical hemispherical head is equipped with a bearing, and rotating blades are mounted on the bearing.

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