Ship battery pack charging circuit
By using a circuit composed of MOSFETs and amplifiers, combined with a high-temperature protection module and a current detection module, the safety hazards caused by excessive temperature during battery charging are solved, thus achieving safe charging and extended battery life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
During the charging process, excessively high temperatures can accelerate chemical reactions in battery packs, leading to serious consequences such as thermal runaway, combustion, or explosion. At the same time, high temperatures accelerate battery aging.
The circuit, composed of MOSFETs and amplifiers, combined with a high-temperature protection module and a current detection module, controls the charging current and battery temperature to prevent overcharging and high-temperature charging, thus ensuring battery safety.
By precisely controlling the charging current and temperature, overcharging and overheating of the battery pack can be prevented, extending the battery pack's lifespan and ensuring battery safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223993572U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery charging technology, specifically relating to a charging circuit for a marine battery pack. Background Technology
[0002] Battery packs can be connected in series or in parallel. Parallel battery packs require each battery to have the same voltage, and the output voltage is equal to the voltage of one battery. Parallel battery packs can provide a stronger current. Series battery packs do not have as many requirements.
[0003] During the charging process, chemical reactions occur in the battery pack. The temperature during charging directly affects the rate of chemical reactions. When the battery pack is charged at an excessively high temperature, it will accelerate the chemical reactions inside the battery, causing the reaction rate to exceed the normal control range. This may lead to thermal runaway, resulting in serious consequences such as combustion or explosion. Secondly, under high temperature conditions, the electrolyte inside the battery will evaporate, the electrode materials will corrode, and the separator will also be damaged, which will accelerate the aging of the battery in the battery pack. Utility Model Content
[0004] Purpose of the utility model: To provide a charging circuit for marine battery packs, which solves the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] Technical Solution: A charging circuit for a marine battery pack includes MOSFET M1 and MOSFET M32. The source of MOSFET M1 is connected to a charging power supply and the source of MOSFET M32. The drain of MOSFET M1 is simultaneously connected to the negative input of amplifier A1 and the source of MOSFET M2. The drain of MOSFET M2 is connected to a constant voltage control module. The drain of MOSFET M2 is also connected to one end of an adjusting resistor RT. The other end of the adjusting resistor RT is connected to the battery pack and grounded. The gate of MOSFET M1 is simultaneously connected to a high-temperature protection module, a switch control module, and the gate of MOSFET M32. The drain of MOSFET M32 is simultaneously connected to the positive input of amplifier A1 and the battery pack. The output of amplifier A1 is connected to the gate of MOSFET M2.
[0006] Preferably, the system further includes a circuit detection module, a voltage divider module, a MOSFET M3, an amplifier A4, and an amplifier A5. The source of the MOSFET M3 is connected to a charging power supply, the gate of the MOSFET M3 is connected to a battery pack, the drain of the MOSFET M3 is connected to the input terminal of a current detection module, the output terminal of the current detection module is connected to a switch control module, the voltage divider module is connected in parallel with the battery pack, the positive input terminals of the amplifiers A4 and A5 are connected to the voltage divider module, the output of the amplifier A5 is connected to an adjustment resistor RT, and the output of the amplifier A4 is connected to the switch control module.
[0007] Preferably, the high-temperature protection module includes MOSFETs M23, M24, M25, M26, M27, M28, M29, M30, and M21. The source of MOSFET M31 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M1, the drain of MOSFET M27, and the source of MOSFET M30. The drain of MOSFET M31 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M26. The gate of MOSFET M31 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M31 and the gate of MOSFET M30. The drain of MOSFET M30 is simultaneously connected to the source of MOSFET M28 and the source of MOSFET M29. The drain of MOSFET M28 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M25. The gate of MOSFET M25 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M25 and the gate of MOSFET M24. The drain of MOSFET M29 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M24 and the gate and drain of MOSFET M23. The source of MOSFET M23 is simultaneously connected to the source of MOSFET M24, the source of MOSFET M25, the source of MOSFET M26, and the source of MOSFET M27.
[0008] Preferably, the constant voltage control module includes MOSFETs M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, M19, M20, M21, and M22, resistors R1 and R2. The source of MOSFET M9 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M2, the source of MOSFET M10, and the source of MOSFET M8. The gate of MOSFET M9 is simultaneously connected to the source of MOSFET M19. The source of MOSFET M18 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M19, which is also connected to the drain and gate of MOSFET M20 and the gate of MOSFET M21. The drain of MOSFET M18 is also connected to the drain of MOSFET M21 and the source of MOSFET M17. The gate of MOSFET M9 is also connected to the gate and drain of MOSFET M8. The source of MOSFET M8 is connected to the drain and gate of MOSFET M6. The source of MOSFET M6 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M4. The gate of MOSFET M4 is also connected to the drain of MOSFET M4, the gate of MOSFET M5, and the gate of MOSFET M22. The gate of MOSFET M6 is also connected to the gate of MOSFET M17 and the gate of MOSFET M16. The drain of MOSFET M8 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M9 and the source of MOSFET M7. The gate of MOSFET M7 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M11 and the gate of MOSFET M13. The drain of MOSFET M7 is connected to the gate of MOSFET M7 and the drain of MOSFET M5. The drain of MOSFET M10 is connected to the source of MOSFET M11. The drain of MOSFET M11 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M12 and the drain of MOSFET M17. The source of MOSFET M17 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M18. The source of MOSFET M12 is simultaneously connected to the source of MOSFET M10, the source of MOSFET M14, and the source of MOSFET M15. The drain of MOSFET M12 is connected to the source of MOSFET M13. The drain of MOSFET M13 is also connected to the drain of MOSFET M16, the drain of MOSFET M14, and the gate of MOSFET M15. The source of MOSFET M16 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M22. The drain of MOSFET M15 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the positive terminal of capacitor C1. The negative terminal of capacitor C1 is grounded. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the gate of MOSFET M18 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the source of MOSFET M22, the source of MOSFET M21, the source of MOSFET M20, the source of MOSFET M15, and the source of MOSFET M4, and is grounded.
[0009] Preferably, it also includes amplifier A2, amplifier A3 and resistor R3, wherein the positive input terminal of amplifier A2 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M2, the negative input terminal of amplifier A2 is connected to resistor R3, the output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected to the input terminal of amplifier A3, the positive input terminal of amplifier A3 is connected to a voltage divider module, and the negative input terminal of amplifier A3 is connected to the source of MOSFET M10.
[0010] Preferably, amplifier A1 is an LM358 amplifier, MOSFET M32 is an IRF4905 MOSFET, and MOSFETs M1 and M2 are both 2N7002 MOSFETs.
[0011] Preferably, amplifiers A2 and A3 are OP07 type amplifiers.
[0012] Beneficial effects: This utility model relates to a charging circuit for a marine battery pack. By cooperating with amplifier A1 and MOSFET M1 and keeping the drain potentials of MOSFET M2 and MOSFET M32 consistent, the effect of current can be accurately replicated. The current detection module detects the current charging current, and the switch control module controls the start and stop of charging to prevent overcharging of the battery pack and extend the service life of the battery pack.
[0013] Secondly, the high-temperature protection module detects the temperature of the battery pack. The high-temperature protection module, together with the switch control module, controls the start and stop of the battery pack's charging, preventing the battery pack from being charged at a high temperature for a long time. This ensures that the battery pack can continuously output charging voltage, thus protecting battery safety and extending its lifespan. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is the overall circuit diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0015] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a technical solution: a charging circuit for a marine battery pack, including MOSFET M1, MOSFET M32, a circuit detection module, a voltage divider module, MOSFET M3, amplifiers A4, A5, A2, and A3, and resistor R3. Amplifier A1 is an LM358 amplifier, MOSFET M32 is an IRF4905 MOSFET, MOSFETs M1 and M2 are both 2N7002 MOSFETs, and amplifiers A2 and A3 are OP07 amplifiers. The positive input terminal of amplifier A2 is connected to MOSFET R3. The drain of transistor M2 is connected to the negative input terminal of amplifier A2 via resistor R3. The output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected to the input terminal of amplifier A3. The positive input terminal of amplifier A3 is connected to a voltage divider module. The negative input terminal of amplifier A3 is connected to the source of MOSFET M10. The source of MOSFET M1 is connected to both the charging power supply and the source of MOSFET M32. The drain of MOSFET M1 is connected to both the negative input terminal of amplifier A1 and the source of MOSFET M2. The drain of MOSFET M2 is connected to a constant voltage control module. The drain of MOSFET M2 is also connected to one end of an adjusting resistor RT. The other end of the adjusting resistor RT is connected to a voltage divider module. The battery pack is grounded. The gate of MOSFET M1 is simultaneously connected to the high-temperature protection module, the switch control module, and the gate of MOSFET M32. The drain of MOSFET M32 is simultaneously connected to the positive input of amplifier A1 and the battery pack. The output of amplifier A1 is connected to the gate of MOSFET M2. The source of MOSFET M3 is connected to the charging power supply. The gate of MOSFET M3 is connected to the battery pack. The drain of MOSFET M3 is connected to the input of the current detection module. The output of the current detection module is connected to the switch control module. The voltage divider module is connected in parallel with the battery pack. The positive inputs of amplifiers A4 and A5 are connected to the voltage divider module. The output of amplifier A5 is connected to the regulating resistor RT, and the output of amplifier A4 is connected to the switch control module. The charging current of the battery pack is controlled by controlling the gate potential of MOSFET M32. Through the cooperation of amplifiers A2 and A3, combined with the joint action of amplifier A4 and the current detection module, the battery pack is monitored with the high temperature protection module as the highest priority. When the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the preset threshold, the charging current gradually decreases, and MOSFET M32 is turned off. Since M32 and M1 form a mirror structure, the current is generated through amplifier A2 and the regulating resistor. By utilizing the radial relationship between M1 and M32, the current can be accurately replicated.Conversely, the charging current of the battery pack is adjusted by regulating the resistor, and the charging circuit of the battery pack is detected by the current detection module. In this embodiment, when the voltage of the battery pack is less than the minimum threshold, the regulating resistor is adjusted to the maximum resistance state for charging. When the voltage of the battery pack equals the minimum threshold, the battery pack is charged in a constant current state with the cooperation of amplifier A5. When the voltage of the battery pack exceeds the maximum threshold, the voltage of the battery pack is controlled to slowly increase until the battery pack is fully charged with the cooperation of amplifiers A2 and A3. This avoids the battery pack being charged at a high temperature for a long time and also prevents the battery pack from being overcharged, ensuring that the battery pack can continuously output charging voltage, thus ensuring battery safety and extending its life.
[0016] In a further embodiment, the high-temperature protection module includes MOSFETs M23, M24, M25, M26, M27, M28, M29, M30, and M21. The source of MOSFET M31 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M1, the drain of MOSFET M27, and the source of MOSFET M30. The drain of MOSFET M31 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M26. The gate of MOSFET M31 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M31 and the gate of MOSFET M30. The drain of MOSFET M30... Simultaneously connecting the source of MOSFET M28 and the source of MOSFET M29, the drain of MOSFET M28 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M25, the gate of MOSFET M25 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M25 and the gate of MOSFET M24, the drain of MOSFET M29 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M24 and the gate and drain of MOSFET M23, and the source of MOSFET M23 is simultaneously connected to the sources of MOSFET M24, MOSFET M25, MOSFET M26 and MOSFET M27. This, in conjunction with amplifiers A2 and A3, enables temperature monitoring of the battery pack.
[0017] In a further embodiment, the constant voltage control module includes MOSFETs M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, M19, M20, M21, and M22, resistors R1 and R2. The source of MOSFET M9 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M2, the source of MOSFET M10, and the source of MOSFET M8. The gate of MOSFET M9 is simultaneously connected to the source of MOSFET M19 and the gate of MOSFET M8. The source of MOSFET M18 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M19, which is simultaneously connected to the drain and gate of MOSFET M20 and the gate of MOSFET M21. The drain of MOSFET M18 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M21 and the source of MOSFET M17. The gate of MOSFET M9 is simultaneously connected to the gate and drain of MOSFET M8. The source of MOSFET M8 is connected to the drain and gate of MOSFET M6. The source of MOSFET M6 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M4. The gate of MOSFET M4 is simultaneously connected to the drain of MOSFET M4, the gate of MOSFET M5, and the gate of MOSFET M22. The gate of MOSFET M6 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M17 and the gate of MOSFET M16. The drain of MOSFET M8 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M19, which is simultaneously connected to the drain and gate of MOSFET M20 and the gate of MOSFET M21. The gate of MOSFET M9 is connected to the source of MOSFET M7. The gate of MOSFET M7 is also connected to the gates of MOSFETs M11 and M13. The drain of MOSFET M7 is connected to the gate of MOSFET M7 and the drain of MOSFET M5. The drain of MOSFET M10 is connected to the source of MOSFET M11. The drain of MOSFET M11 is also connected to the gate of MOSFET M12 and the drain of MOSFET M17. The source of MOSFET M17 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M18. The source of MOSFET M12 is also connected to the sources of MOSFETs M10, M14, and M15. The drain of MOSFET M12 is connected to the source of MOSFET M13. The drain of MOSFET M13 is simultaneously connected to the drains of MOSFETs M16 and M14, and the gate of MOSFET M15. The source of MOSFET M16 is connected to the drain of MOSFET M22. The drain of MOSFET M15 is simultaneously connected to one end of resistor R1 and the positive terminal of capacitor C1, with the negative terminal of capacitor C1 grounded. The other end of resistor R1 is simultaneously connected to the gate of MOSFET M18 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is simultaneously connected to the sources of MOSFETs M22, M21, M20, M15, and M4, and grounded. This means that amplifiers A2 and A3 alternately control the constant voltage control module.This enables precise replication of current, and provides a constant-position voltage and current output.
[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel, characterized by, The circuit comprises a MOS transistor M1 and a MOS transistor M32, the source of the MOS transistor M1 is connected with a charging power source and the source of the MOS transistor M32, the drain of the MOS transistor M1 is connected with the input negative pole of an amplifier A1 and the source of a MOS transistor M2, the drain of the MOS transistor M2 is connected with a constant voltage control module, the drain of the MOS transistor M2 is connected with one end of an adjusting resistor RT, the other end of the adjusting resistor RT is connected with a battery pack and the ground, the gate of the MOS transistor M1 is connected with a high temperature protection module, a switch control module and the gate of the MOS transistor M32, the drain of the MOS transistor M32 is connected with the input positive pole of the amplifier A1 and the battery pack, the output of the amplifier A1 is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor M2.
2. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein, The circuit further comprises a current detection module, a voltage division module, a MOS transistor M3, an amplifier A4 and an amplifier A5, the source of the MOS transistor M3 is connected with the charging power source, the gate of the MOS transistor M3 is connected with the battery pack, the drain of the MOS transistor M3 is connected with the input end of the current detection module, the output end of the current detection module is connected with the switch control module, the voltage division module is connected with the battery pack in parallel, the input positive pole of the amplifier A4 and the input positive pole of the amplifier A5 are connected with the voltage division module, the output of the amplifier A5 is connected with the adjusting resistor RT, the output of the amplifier A4 is connected with the switch control module.
3. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The high temperature protection module comprises a MOS transistor M23, a MOS transistor M24, a MOS transistor M25, a MOS transistor M26, a MOS transistor M27, a MOS transistor M28, a MOS transistor M29, a MOS transistor M30 and a MOS transistor M21, the source of the MOS transistor M31 is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor M1, the drain of the MOS transistor M27 and the source of the MOS transistor M30, the drain of the MOS transistor M31 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor M26, the gate of the MOS transistor M31 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor M31 and the gate of the MOS transistor M30, the drain of the MOS transistor M30 is connected with the source of the MOS transistor M28 and the source of the MOS transistor M29, the drain of the MOS transistor M28 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor M25, the gate of the MOS transistor M25 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor M25 and the gate of the MOS transistor M24, the drain of the MOS transistor M29 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor M24 and the gate and the drain of the MOS transistor M23, the source of the MOS transistor M23 is connected with the source of the MOS transistor M24, the source of the MOS transistor M25, the source of the MOS transistor M26 and the source of the MOS transistor M27.
4. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein The constant voltage control module includes mos M4, mos M5, mos M6, mos M7, mos M8, mos M9, mos M10, mos M11, mos M12, mos M13, mos M14, mos M15, mos M16, mos M17, mos M18, mos M19, mos M20, mos M21, mos M22, resistance R1 and resistance R2, the source of the mos M9 is connected to the drain of the mos M2, the source of the mos M10 and the source of the mos M8, the gate of the mos M9 is connected to the source of the mos M19 and the source of the mos M18, the drain of the mos M19 is connected to the drain, the gate of the mos M20 and the gate of the mos M21, the drain of the mos M18 is connected to the drain of the mos M21 and the source of the mos M17, the gate of the mos M9 is connected to the gate and the drain of the mos M8, the source of the mos M8 is connected to the drain and the gate of the mos M6, the source of the mos M6 is connected to the drain of the mos M4, the gate of the mos M4 is connected to the drain of the mos M4, the gate of the mos M5 and the gate of the mos M22, the gate of the mos M6 is connected to the gate of the mos M17 and the gate of the mos M16, the drain of the mos M8 is connected to the gate of the mos M9 and the source of the mos M7, the gate of the mos M7 is connected to the gate of the mos M11 and the gate of the mos M13, the drain of the mos M7 is connected to the gate of the mos M5, the drain of the mos M10 is connected to the source of the mos M11, the drain of the mos M11 is connected to the gate of the mos M12, the drain of the mos M17, the source of the mos M17 is connected to the drain of the mos M18, the source of the mos M12 is connected to the source of the mos M10, the source of the mos M14 and the source of the mos M15, the drain of the mos M12 is connected to the source of the mos M13, the drain of the mos M13 is connected to the drain of the mos M16, the drain of the mos M14 and the gate of the mos M15, the source of the mos M16 is connected to the drain of the mos M22, the drain of the mos M15 is connected to one end of the resistance R1 and the positive electrode of the capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the capacitor C1 is grounded, the other end of the resistance R1 is connected to the gate of the mos M18 and one end of the resistance R2, the other end of the resistance R2 is connected to the source of the mos M22, the source of the mos M21, the source of the mos M20, the source of the mos M15, the source of the mos M4 and is grounded.
5. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel as claimed in claim 4, wherein, Also include amplifier A2, amplifier A3 and resistance R3, the input positive of the amplifier A2 is connected to the drain of mos M2, the input negative of the amplifier A2 is connected to resistance R3, the output of the amplifier A2 is connected to the input of amplifier A3, the input positive of the amplifier A3 is connected to the voltage division module, the input negative of the amplifier A3 is connected to the source of mos M10.
6. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel as defined in claim 1, wherein The amplifier A1 adopts the amplifier of LM358 model, the mos M32 adopts the mos pipe of IRF4905 model, the mos M1 and the mos M2 all adopt the mos pipe of 2N7002 model.
7. A battery charging circuit for a marine vessel as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The amplifier A2 and amplifier A3 adopt the amplifier of OP07 model.