Vacuum filling and vacuum plugging system for pre-filled syringe

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vacuum filling and vacuum plugging system for a pre-filled syringe and a control method of the vacuum filling and vacuum plugging system for the pre-filled syringe, and the system comprises a filling vacuum cavity which is communicated with the syringe; the filling vacuumizing unit is communicated with the filling vacuum cavity and is used for vacuumizing the injector; the filling hose is used for filling liquid medicine into the injector; the plugging vacuum cavity is communicated with the injector; the stoppering and vacuumizing unit is communicated with the stoppering vacuum cavity and is used for vacuumizing the injector; the rubber plug feeding module is used for plugging the injector; the vacuum breaking unit is communicated with the filling vacuum cavity and the plugging vacuum cavity; a first valve and a first sterilization filter are arranged on a pipeline between the filling vacuumizing unit and the filling vacuum cavity; a second valve and a second sterilization filter are arranged on a pipeline between the plugging vacuumizing unit and the plugging vacuum cavity; a third valve and a third sterilization filter are arranged on a pipeline between the vacuum breaking unit and the filling vacuum cavity; and a fourth valve and a fourth sterilizing filter are arranged on a pipeline between the vacuum breaking unit and the plugging vacuum cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pre-filled syringe technology, and a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional injectable medications are typically stored in ampoules. To administer the medication, the ampoule is opened, and the medication is drawn from the ampoule using a disposable syringe. However, this method requires breaking the ampoule before drawing the medication, which is cumbersome. Furthermore, there is a risk of airborne bacteria entering the medication during the drawing process, posing a potential hazard to the patient. Additionally, breaking the ampoule carries the risk of glass shards being generated and mixed into the medication.

[0003] To address these issues, pre-filled syringes are increasingly being developed for drug storage. A pre-filled syringe is a device that allows injectable drugs to be directly filled into a syringe, combining the syringe and the original drug storage container into one. Drugs can be administered directly through the pre-filled syringe, eliminating the traditional process of breaking open the ampoule and drawing the medication with a disposable syringe. This simplifies the process and avoids the risk of bacteria entering the medication when drawing it from the ampoule, as well as the risk of glass fragments contaminating the medication when breaking the ampoule.

[0004] Although pre-filled syringes offer many advantages for directly storing medication, the urgent problem to be solved is how to automate the filling of medication into pre-filled syringes and seal them after filling. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of how to automatically fill pre-filled syringes with liquid medicine and seal them after filling. A vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system for pre-filled syringes is designed to achieve the functions of automatically filling pre-filled syringes with liquid medicine and automatically sealing them after filling.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model designs a vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system for a pre-filled syringe. This system is used for vacuum filling of the pre-filled syringe and for vacuum stoppering the pre-filled syringe after vacuum filling. The pre-filled syringe is provided with an inlet for vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering. The system includes the following structural configuration:

[0008] A filling vacuum chamber, which is configured to communicate with the inlet of the pre-filled syringe;

[0009] A filling vacuum unit is connected to the filling vacuum chamber, and the filling vacuum unit is used to evacuate the interior of the pre-filled syringe through the filling vacuum chamber;

[0010] A filling tube is used to fill the pre-filled syringe with liquid medicine after the internal vacuum has been evacuated, i.e., vacuum filling.

[0011] A stoppered vacuum chamber is configured to communicate with the inlet of the pre-filled syringe during vacuum stoppering;

[0012] A stopper vacuum unit is provided, which is connected to the stopper vacuum chamber. The stopper vacuum unit is used to vacuum the pre-filled syringe that has completed vacuum filling (medication filling) through the stopper vacuum chamber.

[0013] A rubber stopper feeding module is used to insert a rubber stopper into the inlet of the pre-filled syringe after the vacuum is completed, i.e., vacuum stoppering;

[0014] And a vacuum breaking unit, which is connected to the filling vacuum chamber and the stoppering vacuum chamber respectively, is used to break the vacuum environment after vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering are completed, thereby realizing the separation of the filling vacuum chamber and the stoppering vacuum chamber from the pre-filled syringe respectively;

[0015] The filling vacuum unit is connected to the filling vacuum chamber via a pipeline equipped with a first valve and a first sterilization filter located near the filling vacuum chamber. The stoppering vacuum unit is connected to the stoppering vacuum chamber via a pipeline equipped with a second valve and a second sterilization filter located near the stoppering vacuum chamber. The vacuum breaking unit is connected to the filling vacuum chamber via a pipeline equipped with a third valve and a third sterilization filter located near the filling vacuum chamber. The vacuum breaking unit is connected to the stoppering vacuum chamber via a pipeline equipped with a fourth valve and a fourth sterilization filter located near the stoppering vacuum chamber.

[0016] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system is provided: the filling tubing is connected to the filling vacuum chamber, and after the filling vacuum chamber is connected to the pre-filled syringe, the filling tubing can extend into the pre-filled syringe.

[0017] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system: the rubber stopper is disposed in the stoppering vacuum chamber and pushed into the pre-filled syringe by the rubber stopper feeding module.

[0018] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system: the system further includes a first vacuum probe disposed on the pipeline connecting the first valve and the first sterile filter.

[0019] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system: the system further includes a second vacuum probe disposed on the pipeline connecting the second valve and the second sterile filter.

[0020] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system: the system further includes a third vacuum probe, which is disposed on the pipeline between the vacuum breaking unit and the third valve and the fourth valve respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system: the vacuum breaking unit is used to provide nitrogen gas for vacuum breaking.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0023] (1) The vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system for the pre-filled syringe designed in this utility model can realize the automatic filling of the pre-filled syringe with medicine and the automatic stoppering (sealing) after the medicine filling is completed, which greatly improves the filling efficiency of the medicine in the pre-filled syringe.

[0024] (2) The vacuum filling and vacuum plugging system of the pre-filled syringe designed in this utility model can realize the filling of medicine while vacuuming through the setting of filling vacuum chamber, filling vacuum unit and filling tubing. This can effectively control the air bubbles remaining at the bottom and side wall of the pre-filled syringe, thereby ensuring the consistency of the filling amount of medicine in each pre-filled syringe in the same batch when filling medicine in batches.

[0025] (3) The pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system designed in this utility model can ensure sterility during the filling and stoppering process. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system designed for Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating vacuum filling using a pre-filled syringe controlled by the system of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the vacuum plugging of a pre-filled syringe controlled by the system of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system designed for Comparative Example 1.

[0031] The diagram shows the following labels: 1-Pre-filled syringe, 2-Filling vacuum chamber, 3-Filling vacuum unit, 4-Filling tubing, 5-Stopping vacuum chamber, 6-Stopping vacuum unit, 7-Plug feed module, 8-Plug, 9-Vacuum breaking unit, 10-Inlet, 11-First valve, 12-First sterilization filter, 13-Second valve, 14-Second sterilization filter, 15-Third valve, 16-Third sterilization filter, 17-Fourth valve, 18-Fourth sterilization filter, 19-First vacuum probe, 20-Second vacuum probe, 21-Third vacuum probe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment 1 designs a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system. The system is used for vacuum filling (medication filling) of the pre-filled syringe 1 and for vacuum stoppering (sealing) of the pre-filled syringe 1 after vacuum filling. The pre-filled syringe 1 is provided with an inlet 10 for vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering, that is, the pre-filled syringe 1 is filled with medicine and stoppered from the inlet 10.

[0036] The system includes the following specific structural configurations:

[0037] A filling vacuum chamber 2 is configured to communicate with the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 during vacuum filling (medication filling) of the pre-filled syringe 1.

[0038] A filling vacuum unit 3 is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2. The filling vacuum unit 3 is used to evacuate the interior of the pre-filled syringe 1 through the filling vacuum chamber 2.

[0039] A filling tube 4 is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2, and after the filling vacuum chamber 2 is connected to the pre-filled syringe 1, one end of the filling tube 4 can extend into the pre-filled syringe 1. The filling tube 4 is used to fill the pre-filled syringe 1 with liquid medicine after the vacuum is completed, that is, to perform vacuum filling.

[0040] The stoppered vacuum chamber 5 is configured to communicate with its inlet 10 when vacuum stoppering is performed after vacuum filling of the pre-filled syringe 1;

[0041] A stoppering vacuum unit 6 is connected to the stoppering vacuum chamber 5. The stoppering vacuum unit 6 is used to vacuum the pre-filled syringe 1 that has been vacuum-filled through the stoppering vacuum chamber 5.

[0042] The rubber stopper feeding module 7 is used to insert a rubber stopper 8 into the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 after the vacuum is completed, that is, to perform vacuum plugging; specifically, the rubber stopper 8 is disposed in the plugging vacuum chamber 5 and is pushed into the pre-filled syringe 1 by the rubber stopper feeding module 7.

[0043] And a vacuum breaking unit 9, which is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2 and the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 respectively. The vacuum breaking unit 9 is used to provide nitrogen gas to break the vacuum environment after the pre-filled syringe 1 completes vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering, thereby realizing the separation of the filling vacuum chamber 2 and the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 from the pre-filled syringe 1 respectively.

[0044] The filling vacuum unit 3 and the filling vacuum chamber 2 are connected by a first valve 11 and a first sterilization filter 12 located close to the filling vacuum chamber 2. A first vacuum probe 19 is also provided on the pipeline connecting the first valve 11 and the first sterilization filter 12.

[0045] The stopper vacuum unit 6 and the stopper vacuum chamber 5 are connected by a second valve 13 and a second sterilization filter 14 located close to the stopper vacuum chamber 5. A second vacuum probe 20 is also provided on the pipeline connecting the second valve 13 and the second sterilization filter 14.

[0046] The vacuum breaking unit 9 is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2 by a third valve 15 and a third sterilization filter 16 located near the filling vacuum chamber 2. The vacuum breaking unit 9 is connected to the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 by a fourth valve 17 and a fourth sterilization filter 18 located near the stoppering vacuum chamber 5. The vacuum breaking unit 9 is also connected to the pipelines connected to the third valve 15 and the fourth valve 17 by a third vacuum probe 21.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment 2 provides a control method for a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system. The method includes controlling the system of embodiment 1 to perform vacuum filling on the pre-filled syringe 1, and controlling the system to perform vacuum stoppering on the pre-filled syringe 1 after vacuum filling is completed.

[0049] I. Vacuum filling:

[0050] 1) Before vacuum filling, ensure that the filling vacuum chamber 2 and the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 are tightly fitted together to achieve communication (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in (a));

[0051] 2) Adjust the valve to open the first valve 11 and the first sterilization filter 12, and close all other valves and sterilization filters. Then, the filling vacuum unit 3 evacuates the inside of the pre-filled syringe 1 (e.g., Figure 2 (b) As shown, the filling tube 4 then fills the pre-filled syringe 1 with the drug solution (such as...). Figure 2 (c) and 2(d)) allow for simultaneous vacuuming and drug filling, which effectively controls air bubbles remaining at the bottom and sidewalls of the pre-filled syringe 1, thereby ensuring the consistency of drug filling volume in each pre-filled syringe 1.

[0052] 3) After the pre-filled syringe 1 completes the drug filling, the third valve 15 and the third sterilization filter 16 are opened, while all other valves and sterilization filters are closed. Then, the vacuum breaking unit 9 supplies nitrogen gas to the pre-filled syringe 1 through the filling vacuum chamber 2 to break the vacuum, thereby separating the filling vacuum chamber 2 from the pre-filled syringe 1 (e.g., Figure 2 (e) is shown), and then subsequent vacuum plugging is performed;

[0053] II. Vacuum plugging:

[0054] 1) Before vacuum-stopping the pre-filled syringe 1 after the medicine solution has been filled, ensure that the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 is tightly fitted to the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 to achieve communication (e.g., Figure 3 (as shown in (a))

[0055] 2) Adjust the valve to open the second valve 13 and the second sterilization filter 14, and close all other valves and sterilization filters. Then, the stopper vacuum unit 6 evacuates the pre-filled syringe 1 (e.g., Figure 3 (b) As shown, the rubber stopper feeding module 7 then pushes the rubber stopper 8, which is located in the stoppering vacuum chamber 5, into the pre-filled syringe 1 (as shown). Figure 3 (as shown in (c) and 3(d));

[0056] 3) After the stopper is inserted, the fourth valve 17 and the fourth sterilization filter 18 are opened, while all other valves and sterilization filters are closed. Then, the vacuum breaking unit 9 supplies nitrogen gas to the pre-filled syringe 1 through the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 to break the vacuum, thereby separating the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 from the pre-filled syringe 1 (e.g., Figure 3 (e) shows); complete the vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering process of the pre-filled syringe 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, Comparative Example 1 provides a pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system. This system is also used for filling the pre-filled syringe 1 with medicine and for sealing the pre-filled syringe 1 after filling. The pre-filled syringe 1 is provided with an inlet 10 for filling and stoppering.

[0059] The system includes the following specific structural configurations:

[0060] A filling vacuum chamber 2 is configured to communicate with the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 during vacuum filling of the pre-filled syringe 1.

[0061] A filling vacuum unit 3 is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2. The filling vacuum unit 3 is used to evacuate the interior of the pre-filled syringe 1 through the filling vacuum chamber 2.

[0062] A filling tube 4 is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2, and after the filling vacuum chamber 2 is connected to the pre-filled syringe 1, one end of the filling tube 4 can extend into the pre-filled syringe 1. The filling tube 4 is used to fill the pre-filled syringe 1 with liquid medicine after the vacuum is completed, that is, to perform vacuum filling.

[0063] The stoppered vacuum chamber 5 is configured to communicate with its inlet 10 when vacuum stoppering is performed after vacuum filling (medication filling) of the pre-filled syringe 1;

[0064] A stoppering vacuum unit 6 is connected to the stoppering vacuum chamber 5. The stoppering vacuum unit 6 is used to vacuum the pre-filled syringe 1 that has been vacuum-filled through the stoppering vacuum chamber 5.

[0065] The rubber stopper feeding module 7 is used to insert a rubber stopper 8 into the inlet 10 of the pre-filled syringe 1 after the vacuum is completed, that is, to perform vacuum plugging; specifically, the rubber stopper 8 is disposed in the plugging vacuum chamber 5 and is pushed into the pre-filled syringe 1 by the rubber stopper feeding module 7.

[0066] And a vacuum breaking unit 9, which is connected to the filling vacuum chamber 2 and the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 respectively. The vacuum breaking unit 9 is used to provide nitrogen gas to break the vacuum environment after the pre-filled syringe 1 completes vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering, thereby realizing the separation of the filling vacuum chamber 2 and the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 from the pre-filled syringe 1 respectively.

[0067] The filling vacuum unit 3 and the filling vacuum chamber 2 are connected by a first sterilization filter 12, a first valve 11 and a first vacuum probe 19 in sequence on the pipeline, and the first vacuum probe 19 is located close to the filling vacuum chamber 2.

[0068] The pipeline connecting the stopper vacuum unit 6 and the stopper vacuum chamber 5 is provided with a second sterilization filter 14, a second valve 13 and a second vacuum probe 20 in sequence, and the second vacuum probe 20 is located close to the stopper vacuum chamber 5.

[0069] The pipeline connecting the vacuum breaking unit 9 and the filling vacuum chamber 2 is sequentially equipped with a third sterilization filter 16, a third valve 15, and a first vacuum probe 19 (which shares a first vacuum probe 19 with the filling vacuum unit 3); the pipeline connecting the vacuum breaking unit 9 and the stoppering vacuum chamber 5 is sequentially equipped with a fourth sterilization filter 18, a fourth valve 17, and a second vacuum probe 20 (which shares a second vacuum probe 20 with the stoppering vacuum unit 6).

[0070] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the positions of the first valve 11, the first sterilization filter 12, the second valve 13, the second sterilization filter 14, the third valve 15, the third sterilization filter 16, the fourth valve 17, the fourth sterilization filter 18, the first vacuum probe 19, and the second vacuum probe 20 in Comparative Example 1 are different from those in Example 1, but the rest are the same.

[0071] However, according to GMP and EU aseptic guidelines, the downstream section of the sterilizing filter cartridges must be sterilized offline by disassembly after filling and aseptic assembly must be completed before filling. The system structure in Example 1 has the following shortcomings: ① The downstream section of the sterilizing filter cartridges (i.e., the first, second, third, and fourth sterilizing filters) contains non-removable, offline sterilization components, such as vacuum probes; ② The components downstream of the sterilizing filter cartridges are relatively complex, making aseptic assembly complicated, posing a risk of aseptic operation, increasing production time, and reducing efficiency. In contrast, the system structure designed in Example 1 only has connecting tubing downstream of the sterilizing filter cartridges, greatly reducing the components and time required for aseptic assembly, and eliminating non-sterilizable components. This significantly improves both production efficiency and aseptic assurance, ensuring both efficient filling and capping of the pre-filled syringe 1 and guaranteeing the aseptic requirements of the operation process.

[0072] The above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this utility model are still within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system, characterized by, The system is used for vacuum filling of pre-filled syringes (1) and vacuum stoppering of the pre-filled syringes (1) after vacuum filling, and the pre-filled syringes (1) are provided with an inlet (10) for vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering. The system comprises the following structural arrangement: a filling vacuum cavity (2) for communicating with the inlet (10) of the pre-filled syringe (1); a filling vacuum pumping unit (3) communicating with the filling vacuum cavity (2), which is used for vacuum pumping of the inside of the pre-filled syringe (1) through the filling vacuum cavity (2); a filling hose (4) for liquid filling into the pre-filled syringe (1) after vacuum pumping, i.e. vacuum filling; a stoppering vacuum cavity (5) for communicating with the inlet (10) of the pre-filled syringe (1) during vacuum stoppering; a stoppering vacuum pumping unit (6) communicating with the stoppering vacuum cavity (5), which is used for vacuum pumping of the pre-filled syringe (1) after vacuum filling through the stoppering vacuum cavity (5); a rubber plug feeding module (7) for feeding a rubber plug (8) into the inlet (10) of the pre-filled syringe (1) after vacuum pumping, i.e. vacuum stoppering; and a vacuum breaking unit (9) communicating with the filling vacuum cavity (2) and the stoppering vacuum cavity (5) respectively, which is used for breaking the vacuum environment after vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering, so as to realize the separation of the filling vacuum cavity (2) and the stoppering vacuum cavity (5) from the pre-filled syringe (1) respectively; wherein the pipeline communicating the filling vacuum pumping unit (3) with the filling vacuum cavity (2) is sequentially provided with a first valve (11) and a first sterilization filter (12) arranged close to the filling vacuum cavity (2); wherein the pipeline communicating the stoppering vacuum pumping unit (6) with the stoppering vacuum cavity (5) is sequentially provided with a second valve (13) and a second sterilization filter (14) arranged close to the stoppering vacuum cavity (5); wherein the pipeline communicating the vacuum breaking unit (9) with the filling vacuum cavity (2) is sequentially provided with a third valve (15) and a third sterilization filter (16) arranged close to the filling vacuum cavity (2); and the pipeline communicating the vacuum breaking unit (9) with the stoppering vacuum cavity (5) is sequentially provided with a fourth valve (17) and a fourth sterilization filter (18) arranged close to the stoppering vacuum cavity (5).

2. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The filling hose (4) is arranged in communication with the filling vacuum cavity (2), and the filling hose (4) can extend into the pre-filled syringe (1) after the filling vacuum cavity (2) communicates with the pre-filled syringe (1).

3. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The rubber plug (8) is arranged in the stoppering vacuum cavity (5) and is pushed into the pre-filled syringe (1) by the rubber plug feeding module (7).

4. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises a first vacuum probe (19) arranged on the pipeline communicating between the first valve (11) and the first sterilization filter (12).

5. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises a second vacuum probe (20) arranged in a pipe communicating between the second valve (13) and the second sterilization filter (14).

6. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises a third vacuum probe (21) arranged in a pipe communicating between the vacuum breaking unit (9) and the third valve (15) and the fourth valve (17) respectively.

7. A pre-filled syringe vacuum filling and vacuum stoppering system according to claim 1, wherein, The vacuum breaking unit (9) is used to provide nitrogen for vacuum breaking.

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