Needle-sheet-shaped ballast particle screening device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a needle-sheet-shaped railway ballast particle screening device, and relates to the technical field of railway engineering material detection and particle sorting. When the number of the screen assemblies is larger than or equal to 2, the screen assemblies are sequentially stacked in the vertical direction. In the vertical direction, the average particle size of the corresponding size fraction of each screen assembly is gradually reduced from top to bottom in sequence; the screen assembly comprises a needle-shaped screen device, a sheet-shaped screen device and a grading screen device which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom in the vertical direction. A plurality of first screen holes are formed in the bottom of the needle-shaped screen device, and the first screen holes are used for intercepting needle-shaped particles in the size fraction; a plurality of second screen holes are formed in the sheet-shaped screen mesh device, and the second screen holes are used for screening sheet-shaped particles in the size fraction to fall onto the grading screen mesh; a plurality of third screen holes are formed in the grading screen device, and the third screen holes are used for conducting preliminary screening on the size fraction corresponding to the next screen assembly. And efficient separation of needle-sheet-shaped particles is achieved, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to railway engineering material detection and particle sorting technical field, especially a kind of needle flaky ballast particle screening device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The needle flaky particle content of railway broken stone ballast directly affects the stability of the track bed. Needle particles refer to particles with a length greater than 1.8 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class. Flaky particles refer to particles with a thickness less than 1 / 3 of the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class.

[0003] The current "Railway Broken Stone Ballast" (TB / T 2140-2020) requires that the needle flaky particle content be ≤5%. Traditional single-layer grading screens only screen by particle size and cannot separate needle and flaky particles. The separation efficiency is low. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a kind of needle flaky ballast particle screening device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize the efficient separation of needle flaky particles and improve work efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following scheme:

[0006] The utility model provides a kind of needle flaky ballast particle screening device, which includes at least one screen assembly. When the number of screen assemblies is greater than or equal to 2, each screen assembly is stacked in the vertical direction. In the vertical direction, the average particle size of each screen assembly corresponding to the corresponding particle size class decreases from top to bottom. The screen assembly includes a needle screen, a flaky screen, and a grading screen that are connected in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical direction. The bottom of the needle screen has a plurality of first screen holes for intercepting needle particles in the corresponding particle size class. The flaky screen has a plurality of second screen holes for screening flaky particles in the corresponding particle size class to the grading screen. The grading screen has a plurality of third screen holes for preliminary screening of the corresponding particle size class of the next screen assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the first screen hole is a needle screen hole, the width of the needle screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class, and the length of the needle screen hole is 1.8 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class. The second screen hole is a rectangular screen hole, the width of the rectangular screen hole is 1 / 3 of the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class, and the length of the rectangular screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class. The third screen hole is a square screen hole, and the side length of the square screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size class.

[0008] Preferably, the upper openings of the first screen holes, the second screen holes and the third screen holes are all flared.

[0009] Preferably, the needle-shaped screen device, the sheet-shaped screen device and the graded screen device all comprise a screen cylinder and a bottom screen; the screen cylinder has a through channel penetrating from top to bottom; the bottom screen is detachably fixed in the through channel; the bottom screen of the needle-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of the first screen holes; the bottom screen of the sheet-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of the second screen holes; the bottom screen of the graded screen device is provided with a plurality of the third screen holes.

[0010] Preferably, the upper surface of each bottom screen is provided with a smooth layer.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the screen cylinder is provided with an internal thread hole and the lower end of the screen cylinder is provided with an external thread section, the external thread section of the lower end of the screen cylinder is threadedly connected with the internal thread hole of the upper end of the screen cylinder below; or, the upper end of the screen cylinder is provided with an external thread section and the lower end of the screen cylinder is provided with an internal thread hole, the internal thread hole of the lower end of the screen cylinder is threadedly connected with the external thread section of the upper end of the screen cylinder below.

[0012] Preferably, the upper openings of the first screen holes, the second screen holes and the third screen holes are all 45° chamfered and the chamfered edges are all round-angled.

[0013] Preferably, a ring plate is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the screen cylinder, the bottom screen is located above the ring plate, and the outer diameter of the bottom screen is greater than the inner diameter of the ring plate and not greater than the outer diameter of the ring plate; the ring plate and the bottom screen are provided with a plurality of one-to-one corresponding connecting holes, each one-to-one corresponding two connecting holes are provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is used for fixedly connecting the ring plate and the bottom screen.

[0014] Preferably, the screen cylinders of the needle-shaped screen device, the sheet-shaped screen device and the graded screen device are the same in structure.

[0015] Preferably, the lower openings of the first screen holes, the second screen holes and the third screen holes are also all flared.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] The needle-shaped and flaky ballast particle screening device provided by this utility model works in conjunction with the vibration of a ballast screen. The needle-shaped screen intercepts needle-shaped particles in its respective particle size, while the flaky screen removes flaky particles. The material remaining in the flaky screen is the material from which needle-shaped and flaky particles have been removed. The particles after being screened by the needle-shaped and flaky screens are preliminarily classified through a third sieve, allowing particles that conform to the particle size range of the next screen assembly to be screened out, preparing for further screening and improving the efficiency of the entire screening process. When the number of screen assemblies is ≥2, the screen assemblies are stacked vertically, with the average particle size of each particle size decreasing from top to bottom. This arrangement allows for the step-by-step screening of ballast particles of different sizes, processing larger particles first and then smaller particles in sequence, avoiding mixing of particles of different sizes and improving the accuracy and efficiency of screening. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the screen assembly in the needle-shaped ballast particle screening device provided by this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view;

[0021] Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the bottom screen of the needle-shaped screen in the needle-shaped ballast particle screening device provided by this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the sheet screen in the needle-shaped ballast particle screening device provided by this utility model.

[0023] In the picture:

[0024] 10-Needle-shaped sieve; 11-Needle-shaped sieve aperture;

[0025] 20 - Sheet screen; 21 - Rectangular screen opening;

[0026] 30 - Graded screen; 31 - Screen cylinder; 32 - Bottom screen. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] The purpose of this invention is to provide a screening device for needle-shaped and flaky ballast particles to solve the problems existing in the prior art, achieve efficient separation of needle-shaped and flaky particles, and improve work efficiency.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment provides a device for screening needle-like and flaky ballast particles, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes at least one screen assembly; when the number of screen assemblies is ≥2, the screen assemblies are stacked sequentially in the vertical direction; and in the vertical direction, the average particle size of the corresponding particle size of each screen assembly decreases sequentially from top to bottom; the screen assembly includes a needle-shaped screen 10, a sheet-shaped screen 20 and a grading screen 30 connected sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction; the bottom of the needle-shaped screen 10 has a plurality of first screen holes, which are used to intercept needle-shaped particles in the corresponding particle size; the sheet-shaped screen 20 has a plurality of second screen holes, which are used to screen the sheet-shaped particles in the corresponding particle size onto the grading screen; the grading screen 30 has a plurality of third screen holes, which are used to perform initial screening for the corresponding particle size of the next screen assembly.

[0032] By working in conjunction with the vibration of the ballast screen, the needle-shaped screen 10 intercepts needle-shaped particles in its respective particle size, and then the sheet-shaped screen 20 screens off the sheet-shaped particles in the same particle size. The material remaining in the sheet-shaped screen 20 is the material from which needle-shaped and sheet-shaped particles have been removed. The particles screened by the needle-shaped screen 10 and the sheet-shaped screen 20 undergo preliminary classification through the third sieve hole, screening out particles that conform to the particle size range of the next screen assembly, preparing for further screening and improving the efficiency of the entire screening process. When the number of screen assemblies is ≥2, the screen assemblies are stacked vertically in sequence, and the average particle size of the respective particle size decreases from top to bottom. This arrangement allows for the step-by-step screening of ballast particles of different sizes, processing larger particles first and then smaller particles in sequence, avoiding the mixing of particles of different sizes and improving the accuracy and efficiency of screening.

[0033] The relevant setting of the needle-shaped screen device 10, the sheet-shaped screen device 20 and the graded screen device 30 is as follows:

[0034] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the first screen hole is a needle-shaped screen hole 11, the width of the needle-shaped screen hole 11 is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, the length of the needle-shaped screen hole 11 is 1.8 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, and the screen hole spacing (the distance between the edges of the adjacent screen hole and the solid part of the screen plate, that is, the spacing area between the screen holes) of the needle-shaped screen hole 11 is 0.6 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size; the second screen hole is a rectangular screen hole 21, the width of the rectangular screen hole 21 is 1 / 3 of the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, the length of the rectangular screen hole 21 is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, and the screen hole spacing of the rectangular screen hole 21 is 1-3 times the width of the rectangular screen hole 21; the third screen hole is a square screen hole, and the side length of the square screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size (for example, the average particle size of the ballast particle size corresponds to 63 mm, 56 mm, 45 mm, 35.5 mm, 25 mm, and 16 mm; for example, the average particle size of 16 mm is taken as an example for specific description, the length of the needle-shaped screen hole 11 is 28.8 mm, and the width is 16 mm; the length of the rectangular screen hole is 16 mm, and the width is 5.3 mm; and the side length of the square screen hole is 16 mm). The needle-shaped screen hole 11 can accurately intercept needle-shaped particles, the rectangular screen hole 21 can efficiently screen and fall sheet-shaped particles, and the square screen hole can ensure that only particles with a particle size close to the average particle size of the corresponding particle size can pass through, so that particles that do not meet the particle size range of the next screen assembly are intercepted, thereby providing a good foundation for subsequent fine screening and helping to improve the classification accuracy of the entire screening device.

[0035] Specifically, the design principle of the screen hole spacing of the square screen hole is as follows: structural strength: too small spacing may cause weak support structure of the screen.

[0036] Specifically, the screen hole spacing of the square screen hole needs to be less than the maximum projection size of the particle to prevent the particle from being stuck between adjacent screen holes (that is, less than 1.2 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size); and the Machinery Design Handbook (China Standard Press) recommends that the screen hole spacing is not less than 0.6 times the size of the screen hole (that is, greater than 0.6 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size), and based on this, the screen hole spacing of the square screen hole is 0.8 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size.

[0037] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the needle-shaped screen device 10, the sheet-shaped screen device 20 and the graded screen device 30 all include a screen cylinder 31 and a bottom screen 32; the screen cylinder 31 has a through channel penetrating from top to bottom; the bottom screen 32 is detachably fixed in the through channel; the bottom screen 32 of the needle-shaped screen device 10 is provided with a plurality of first screen holes; the bottom screen 32 of the sheet-shaped screen device 20 is provided with a plurality of second screen holes; and the bottom screen 32 of the graded screen device 30 is provided with a plurality of third screen holes. Different ballast screening requirements may require different specifications of screen holes. By detaching the bottom screen 32, the bottom screen 32 with different specifications of first screen holes, second screen holes or third screen holes can be conveniently replaced to adapt to ballast particle screening with different particle sizes and different shapes, so that the screening device has stronger adaptability and flexibility; the bottom screen 32 is subjected to impact and friction of ballast particles for a long time and is prone to wear and damage. The detachable design enables the bottom screen 32 to be replaced in time when the bottom screen 32 has a problem, thereby avoiding the influence of the damaged bottom screen 32 on the normal work of the entire screening device and reducing the maintenance cost and downtime of the equipment.

[0038] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the screen cylinder 31 of the needle-shaped screen device 10, the sheet-shaped screen device 20 and the graded screen device 30 has the same structure. The unified screen cylinder 31 structure can be produced by using the same mold or manufacturing process, thereby reducing the development cost of the mold and the process adjustment in the production process, improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost, being conducive to large-scale production and quality control, and improving the installation efficiency due to the same structure of the screen cylinder 31.

[0039] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, a ring plate is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the screen cylinder 31, the bottom screen 32 is located above the ring plate, and the outer diameter of the bottom screen 32 is greater than the inner diameter of the ring plate and not greater than the outer diameter of the ring plate; the ring plate and the bottom screen 32 are provided with a plurality of one-to-one corresponding connecting holes, and each of the one-to-one corresponding two connecting holes is provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece (such as the cooperation of a bolt and a nut) is used to fixedly connect the ring plate and the bottom screen 32. The ring plate is fixed on the inner side wall of the screen cylinder 31, which provides an accurate installation position for the bottom screen 32. The outer diameter of the bottom screen 32 is greater than the inner diameter of the ring plate and not greater than the outer diameter of the ring plate, so that the bottom screen 32 can be accurately placed above the ring plate to achieve rapid positioning. Meanwhile, the one-to-one corresponding connecting holes on the ring plate and the bottom screen 32 facilitate the rapid insertion of the connecting piece to fixedly connect the two, thereby greatly improving the installation efficiency.

[0040] Among them, the connection structure between the needle-shaped screen device 10, the sheet-shaped screen device 20 and the graded screen device 30 is described as follows:

[0041] In the optional solution of the present embodiment, preferably, the upper end of the screen cylinder 31 is provided with an internally threaded hole, and the lower end of the screen cylinder 31 is provided with an externally threaded section, and the externally threaded section of the lower end of the screen cylinder 31 is threadedly connected with the internally threaded hole of the upper end of the screen cylinder 31 below; or, the upper end of the screen cylinder 31 is provided with an externally threaded section, and the lower end of the screen cylinder 31 is provided with an internally threaded hole, and the internally threaded hole of the lower end of the screen cylinder 31 is threadedly connected with the externally threaded section of the upper end of the screen cylinder 31 below. Through the threaded connection, the installation and disassembly of the screen cylinders 31 become relatively simple. When the equipment is installed, only the externally threaded section of the screen cylinder 31 needs to be screwed into the internally threaded hole of another screen cylinder 31, without the need to use complex tools or additional connecting components, which can effectively improve the installation efficiency. When the equipment is maintained or the components are replaced, the screen cylinders 31 can also be conveniently disassembled, so as to facilitate the internal inspection or replacement of damaged screen cylinders 31. This connection mode makes the combination of the screen cylinders 31 more flexible, and the number of the screen cylinders 31 can be conveniently increased or reduced according to the actual screening requirements, so as to adjust the height and the number of stages of the screening device, so as to adapt to different ballast particle screening processes and production scales.

[0042] In order to prevent blockage, the related optimization settings are as follows:

[0043] In the optional solution of the present embodiment, preferably, the upper surface of each bottom screen 32 is provided with a smooth layer. Specifically, the smooth layer is formed by chrome plating on the surface, so as to reduce the friction coefficient. The surface of the smooth layer is relatively smooth and flat, which can effectively reduce the friction and adhesion between the ballast particles and the bottom screen 32, so that the ballast particles are more likely to roll or slide on the screen during the screening process, thereby avoiding the blockage of the screen holes. The smooth layer can reduce the friction between the ballast particles and the bottom screen 32, reduce the wear degree of the bottom screen 32, prolong the service life of the bottom screen 32, and thus reduce the maintenance cost and replacement frequency of the equipment.

[0044] In the optional solution of the present embodiment, preferably, the upper openings of the first screen holes, the second screen holes and the third screen holes are all flared. The flared upper openings increase the entrance area of the screen holes, so that the ballast particles are more likely to enter the screen holes. During the screening process, the ballast particles can smoothly enter without precise alignment with the screen holes, which increases the probability of the particles passing through the screen holes and reduces the residence time of the particles on the screen, thereby accelerating the screening speed and improving the overall screening efficiency.

[0045] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, the upper openings of the first screen hole, the second screen hole and the third screen hole are all 45° chamfered, and the edges of the chamfers are all rounded (for example, the chamfered edges of the upper openings of the screen holes are illustrated, that is, the junctions between the flared surfaces formed by the chamfers and the upper surfaces of the bottom screen meshes 32, and the junctions between the flared surfaces and the corresponding lower screen holes are all rounded). The chamfer angle of 45° is moderate, which can more accurately guide the ballast particles into the screen holes; the edges of the chamfers are rounded, which avoids sharp corners, which can significantly reduce the possibility of damage of the ballast particles due to collision during entering the screen holes, and the ballast particles remain intact during the screening process, which helps to ensure the quality and performance of the ballast, especially for some engineering application scenarios with high requirements for particle shape and integrity, such as railway ballast beds, and the design can better meet the engineering requirements.

[0046] In the optional solution of the embodiment, preferably, the lower openings of the first screen hole, the second screen hole and the third screen hole are also all flared. When the ballast particles fall through the screen holes, the flared design of the lower openings can avoid the aggregation or jamming of the particles below the screen holes, especially for needle-shaped particles, which are irregular in shape and are prone to interlacing, and the flared lower openings can provide more spacious exit space for the particles, reduce the extrusion and blockage between the particles, and ensure the smoothness of the screening process.

[0047] For specific cases, for example, when the ballast particle size D is 20-30 mm, the length L of the needle-shaped screen hole 11 is 54 mm, and the width W of the rectangular screen hole 21 is 10 mm.

[0048] Screening operation: install the needle-shaped and sheet-shaped ballast particle screening device of the embodiment on the corresponding installation position of the ballast screen, and after the detected ballast is screened by particle size, it falls into the needle-shaped screen device 10 and then falls into the sheet-shaped screen device 20; the needle-shaped particles are intercepted by the bottom screen mesh 32 of the needle-shaped screen device 10 due to the length > L, and the sheet-shaped particles are screened by the bottom screen mesh 32 of the sheet-shaped screen device 20 due to the thickness < W; finally, the needle-shaped particles are left in the needle-shaped screen device 10, the block-shaped particles are left in the sheet-shaped screen device 20, and the sheet-shaped particles fall into the graded screen device 30 through the sheet-shaped screen device 20.

[0049] Maintenance and cleaning: disassemble the needle-shaped screen device 10, the sheet-shaped screen device 20 and the graded screen device 30 to clean the residual particles; regularly check the wear of each bottom screen mesh 32 and replace it in time.

[0050] The principles and implementation modes of the specific examples in the utility model are described, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, the specific implementation modes and application ranges will be changed according to the idea of the utility model. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the utility model.

Claims

1. A needle-like ballast particle screening device, characterized by: The screen assembly comprises at least one screen assembly. When the number of screen assemblies is greater than or equal to 2, each screen assembly is stacked in sequence along the vertical direction, and the average particle size of the corresponding particle size of each screen assembly decreases in sequence from top to bottom along the vertical direction. The screen assembly comprises a needle-shaped screen device, a sheet-shaped screen device and a grading screen device which are sequentially connected along the vertical direction from top to bottom; the bottom of the needle-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of first screen holes for intercepting needle-shaped particles in the corresponding particle size; the sheet-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of second screen holes for screening sheet-shaped particles in the corresponding particle size to the grading screen; and the grading screen device is provided with a plurality of third screen holes for primary screening of the corresponding particle size of the next screen assembly.

2. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first screen hole is a needle-shaped screen hole, the width of the needle-shaped screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, and the length of the needle-shaped screen hole is 1.8 times the average particle size of the corresponding particle size. The second screen hole is a rectangular screen hole, the width of the rectangular screen hole is 1 / 3 of the average particle size of the corresponding particle size, and the length of the rectangular screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size. The third screen hole is a square screen hole, and the side length of the square screen hole is the average particle size of the corresponding particle size.

3. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper openings of the first screen hole, the second screen hole and the third screen hole are all flared.

4. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The needle-shaped screen device, the sheet-shaped screen device and the grading screen device all comprise a screen cylinder and a bottom screen. The screen cylinder has a through channel penetrating from top to bottom, and the bottom screen is detachably fixed in the through channel. The bottom screen of the needle-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of first screen holes. The bottom screen of the sheet-shaped screen device is provided with a plurality of second screen holes. The bottom screen of the grading screen device is provided with a plurality of third screen holes.

5. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of each bottom screen is provided with a smooth layer.

6. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the screen cylinder is provided with an internal thread hole, and the lower end of the screen cylinder is provided with an external thread section, and the external thread section of the lower end of the screen cylinder is threadedly connected with the internal thread hole of the upper end of the screen cylinder below. Or, the upper end of the screen cylinder is provided with an external thread section, and the lower end of the screen cylinder is provided with an internal thread hole, and the internal thread hole of the lower end of the screen cylinder is threadedly connected with the external thread section of the upper end of the screen cylinder below.

7. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper openings of the first screen hole, the second screen hole and the third screen hole are all 45° chamfered, and the edges of the chamfers are all rounded.

8. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the screen cylinder is fixedly provided with a ring plate, the bottom screen is located above the ring plate, and the outer diameter of the bottom screen is greater than the inner diameter of the ring plate and not greater than the outer diameter of the ring plate. The ring plate and the bottom screen are provided with a plurality of one-to-one corresponding connecting holes, each one-to-one corresponding two connecting holes are provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is used for fixedly connecting the ring plate and the bottom screen.

9. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The screen cylinders of the needle-shaped screen device, the sheet-shaped screen device and the grading screen device are the same.

10. The needle-flakelike ballast particle sieving device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower openings of the first screen hole, the second screen hole and the third screen hole are also flared.

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